Of course, calculating insulation for walls in your own home is a very serious job, especially if this was not done initially and the house is cold. And here you will have to face a number of questions.
For example, what kind of insulation should there be, which one is better and what thickness of material is needed? Let's try to understand these issues, and also watch the video in this article, which clearly demonstrates the topic.
If you decide to use a calculator to calculate the thickness of insulation for walls, then you will not receive accurate data. Manually you can get more accurate and reliable information. In addition, the location of the insulation, which can be laid both inside and outside the building, is important, which must be taken into account when making calculations!
Features of internal and external insulation:
| No. | Wall material | Coefficient of thermal conductivity | Required thickness (mm) |
| 1 | Expanded polystyrene PSB-S-25 | 0,042 | 124 |
| 2 | Mineral wool | 0,046 | 124 |
| 3 | Glued wooden beam or solid solid spruce and pine across the grain | 0,18 | 530 |
| 4 | Laying ceramic blocks with thermal insulation glue | 0,17 | 575* |
| 5 | Laying gas and foam blocks 400kg/m3 | 0,18 | 610* |
| 6 | Laying polystyrene blocks with glue 500kg/m3 | 0,18 | 643* |
| 7 | Laying gas and foam blocks 600kg/m3 | 0,29 | 981* |
| 8 | Adhesive laying of expanded clay concrete 800kg/m3 | 0,31 | 1049* |
| 9 | Masonry of ceramic hollow bricks on CPR 1000 kg/m3 | 0,52 | 1530 |
| 10 | Ordinary brick masonry at CPR | 0,76 | 2243 |
| 11 | Masonry from sand-lime brick at the CPR | 0,87 | 2560 |
| 12 | Concrete products 2500kg/m3 | 2,04 | 6002 |
Thermal engineering calculation of various materials
Note to the table. The presence of the * sign indicates the need to add a coefficient of 1.15 if the building has lintels and monolithic belts made of heavy concrete. There is a diagram at the top for clarity - the numbers coincide with the table.
So, calculating the thickness of the insulation is the determination of its thermal resistance, which we denote by the letter R— a constant value that is calculated separately for each region.
Let's take the average figure for clarity R=2.8(m2*K/W). According to State Construction Standards, this value is the minimum acceptable for residential and public buildings.
In cases where thermal insulation consists of several layers, for example, masonry, polystyrene foam and eurolining, then the sum of all indicators adds up - R=R1+R2+R3. And the total or individual thickness of the thermal insulation layer is calculated using the formula R=p/k.
Here p will indicate the layer thickness in meters, and the letter k, this is the thermal conductivity coefficient of this material(W/m*k), the value of which you can take from the table of thermal engineering calculations given above.
In fact, using these same formulas, you can calculate the energy efficiency of window sill insulation or find out the thickness of floor insulation. Use the R value according to your region.
In order not to be unfounded, I will give an example, let’s take a brickwork of two bricks ( regular wall), and for insulation we will use polystyrene foam boards PSB-25 (twenty-fifth polystyrene foam), the price of which is quite reasonable even for budget construction.
So, the thermal resistance we need to achieve should be 2.8 (m2*L/W). First, we find out the thermal resistance of a given brickwork. The brick is 250 mm from end to end and the mortar between them is 10 mm thick.
Hence, p=0.25*2+0.01=0.51m. The silicate coefficient is 0.7 (W/m*k), then Rbrick=p/k=0.51/0.7=0.73 (m2*K/W)- we got thermal conductivity brick wall, calculating it with your own hands.
Let's go further, now we need to achieve a general indicator for a layered wall of 2.8 (m2 * K / W), that is, R = 2.8 (m2 * K / W and for this we need to find out the required thickness of the foam. So, R foam = Rtotal-Rbrick=2.8-0.73=2.07 (m2*K/W).
In the photo - local protection with foam plastic
Now, to calculate the thickness of polystyrene foam, we take as a basis general formula and here Pfoam=Rfoam*kfoam= 2?07*0?035=0?072m. Of course, we can’t find 2 cm in PSB-25, but if we take into account the interior decoration and the air gap between the bricks, then 70 cm will be enough for us, and that’s two layers
Using the smartcalc.ru thermal insulation calculator, you will calculate the required insulation thickness in accordance with the climate, material and wall thickness. Online dew point calculator will help you calculate the thickness of heat insulating materials and see the location of condensation on the graph. It's quite convenient online calculator thermal conductivity of the wall to calculate the thickness of insulation.
Using the Penoplex thermal insulation calculator, you can quickly calculate the thickness of the insulation for walls and other structures in accordance with SNiP standards, the thickness and material of the walls, the vapor barrier used and others important parameters when insulating. Selecting different Construction Materials, you can choose warm and affordable option during the construction of a country house.
Calculate the thickness of thermal insulation material in various building structures using the KNAUF calculator, developed by specialists from KNAUF Insulation. All calculations are made in accordance with all requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”. The KNAUF thermal insulation meter has a clear interface and will allow you to choose optimal thickness insulation.
Rockwool insulation calculator for calculating the thermal insulation of a wall and assessing the economic efficiency of the material. You can make thermal calculations in real time. Quickly select the most optimal brand Rockwool thermal insulation for your home and calculate the required number of packages of slabs and rolls of insulation for the surface being treated.
Disputes over the need to insulate walls and facades of houses will never subside. Some advise insulating the facade, others claim that this is economically unjustified. It is difficult for a private developer who does not have serious knowledge of thermal physics to understand all this. On the one hand, warm walls reduce heating costs. But what is the “price of the issue” - warm walls will cost more.
IN Lately There are very heated discussions about wall insulation. Some advise insulating, others consider it economically unjustified. It is difficult for an ordinary developer who does not have special knowledge of thermal physics to understand all this. On the one hand, warm walls are associated with lower heating costs. On the other hand, the “price of the issue” is that warm walls will cost more for the developer.
In each individual case, you should consider the required thickness of thermal insulation material for the walls of your house and calculate how much you will save on heating after heating and how long it will take for you to pay for the purchased materials and all the work. We have selected the most convenient and understandable services for calculating the required thickness of thermal insulation material.
The online calculator from smartcalc.ru will allow you to calculate the optimal insulation thickness for the walls of your house and living quarters. You can calculate the thickness of thermal insulation and calculate the dew point when insulating a house various materials. The smartcalc.ru calculator allows you to clearly see the location of condensation in the wall. This is the most convenient thermal calculator for calculating insulation and dew point.
By using this calculator you can calculate the thickness of insulation for walls, roofs, ceilings of a house and other building structures in accordance with the region of your residence, the material and thickness of the walls, as well as other important parameters for thermal insulation. Selecting different thermal insulation materials Using the calculator, you can find the optimal insulation thickness for the walls of your home.
This calculator allows you to calculate the thickness of thermal insulation of walls in the main cities of the Russian Federation in various designs on the KNAUF thermal calculator, created by professionals from KNAUF Insulation. All calculations are made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 02/23/2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”. Free online calculator for calculating KNAUF thermal insulation, the service has a convenient and intuitive interface.
The calculator was developed by Rockwool specialists to help calculate the required thickness of thermal insulation and assess the cost-effectiveness of its installation. It is very simple to carry out thermal engineering calculations, select the appropriate brand of thermal insulation and calculate the required number of packs of mineral wool.
Even the now popular cottages made of logs or profiled beams need to be additionally insulated or built from materials that are practically non-existent on the market. solid wood 35-40 cm thick. What can we say about stone buildings (block, brick, monolithic).
So, without thermal insulation layers there is no way around it, the vast majority of homeowners would agree. Some of them have to study the issue while building their own nest, others are puzzled by insulation so that facade works improve an already used cottage. In any case, the issue must be approached very scrupulously.
Compliance with insulation technology is one thing, but developers often make mistakes at the stage of purchasing material, in particular, they incorrectly choose the thickness of the insulation layer. If the home turns out to be too cold, then being in it will be, to put it mildly, uncomfortable. If circumstances are favorable (there is a reserve of heat generator performance), the problem can be solved by increasing the power heating system, which clearly entails a significant increase in costs for the purchase of energy resources.
But usually everything ends much worse: with a small thickness of the insulating layer, the enclosing structures freeze. And this causes the dew point to move inside the premises, which is why internal surfaces condensation appears on walls and ceilings. Then mold appears and they are destroyed. building construction And Decoration Materials... What is most unpleasant is the fact that it is impossible to eliminate troubles with little blood. For example, on the facade it will be necessary to dismantle (or “bury”) finishing layer, then create another barrier of insulation, and then finish the walls again. It turns out to be very expensive, it is better to do everything right away as it should be.
Important! Technological modern insulation materials will not cost much, and as the thickness increases, the price will also increase proportionally. Therefore, there is usually no point in creating too large a reserve of thermal insulation; it is a waste of money, especially if only part of the house’s structures are accidentally over-insulated.
Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance
First of all, you need to decide main reason cooling the building. In winter, we have a heating system that warms the air, but the generated heat passes through the building envelope and is dissipated into the atmosphere. That is, heat loss occurs - “heat transfer”. It is always there, the only question is whether it is possible to replenish them through heating, so that the house remains at a stable positive temperature, preferably at + 20-22 degrees.
Important! Note that a very important role in the dynamics of the heat balance (in total heat loss) play various leaks in the building elements - infiltration. Therefore, you should also pay attention to tightness and drafts.
Brick, steel, concrete, glass, wooden beams... - every material used in the construction of buildings, to one degree or another, has the ability to transmit thermal energy. And each of them has the opposite ability - to resist heat transfer. Thermal conductivity is a constant value, therefore in the SI system there is an indicator “thermal conductivity coefficient” for each material. These data are important not only for understanding physical properties structures, but also for subsequent calculations.
We present data for some basic materials in the form of a table.
Now about heat transfer resistance. The value of heat transfer resistance is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity. This indicator applies to both enclosing structures and materials as such. It is used to characterize thermal insulation characteristics walls, ceilings, windows, doors, roofing...
For calculation thermal resistance use the following publicly available formula:
The indicator “d” here means the thickness of the layer, and the indicator “k” is the thermal conductivity of the material. It turns out that heat transfer resistance directly depends on the massiveness of materials and enclosing structures, which, when using several tables, will help us calculate the actual thermal resistance of an existing wall or correct insulation by thickness.
For example: a half-brick (solid) wall has a thickness of 120 mm, that is, the R value will be 0.17 m² K/W (thickness 0.12 meters divided by 0.7 W/(m*K)). Similar masonry in a brick (250 mm) will show 0.36 m²·K/W, and in two bricks (510 mm) - 0.72 m²·K/W.
Let’s say, for mineral wool with a thickness of 50; 100; 150 mm thermal resistance indicators will be as follows: 1.11; 2.22; 3.33 m²·K/W.
Important! Most building envelopes in modern buildings are multi-layered. Therefore, in order to calculate, for example, the thermal resistance of such a wall, you need to separately consider all its layers, and then sum up the resulting indicators.
The question arises: what should the heat transfer resistance indicator be for the building envelope so that the rooms are warm and a minimum of energy is consumed during the heating period? Luckily for homeowners, it doesn't have to be reused. complex formulas. All necessary information is in SNiP 02/23/2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”. In this regulatory document buildings are being considered for various purposes, operated in various climatic zones. This is understandable, since the temperature for residential premises and production premises you don't need the same one. In addition, individual regions are characterized by their extreme sub-zero temperatures and the duration of the heating season, therefore they distinguish such an average characteristic as degree-days of the heating season.
Important! Another interesting point is that the main table we are interested in contains standardized indicators for various enclosing structures. In general, this is not surprising, because heat leaves the house unevenly.
Let's try to simplify the table a little as necessary thermal resistance, this is what you get for residential buildings (m² K/W):
According to this table, it becomes clear that if in Moscow (5800 degree-days at average temperature indoor temperature is about 24 degrees) if you build a house only from solid brick, then the wall will have to be made more than 2.4 meters thick (3.5 X 0.7). Is this technically and financially feasible? Of course it's absurd. That's why you need to use insulating material.
Obviously, for a cottage in Moscow, Krasnodar and Khabarovsk there will be different requirements. All we need is to determine the degree-daily indicators for our settlement and select the appropriate number from the table. Then, using the heat transfer resistance formula, we work with the equation and obtain the optimal thickness of the insulation that needs to be applied.
| City | Degree-day Dd of the heating period at temperature, + C | |||||
| 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | |
| Abakan | 7300 | 6800 | 6400 | 5900 | 5500 | 5000 |
| Anadyr | 10700 | 10100 | 9500 | 8900 | 8200 | 7600 |
| Arzanas | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 | 4900 | 4500 | 4000 |
| Arkhangelsk | 7200 | 6700 | 6200 | 5700 | 5200 | 4700 |
| Astrakhan | 4200 | 3900 | 3500 | 3200 | 2900 | 2500 |
| Achinsk | 7500 | 7000 | 6500 | 6100 | 5600 | 5100 |
| Belgorod | 4900 | 4600 | 4200 | 3800 | 3400 | 3000 |
| Berezovo (KhMAO) | 9000 | 8500 | 7900 | 7400 | 6900 | 6300 |
| Biysk | 7100 | 6600 | 6200 | 5700 | 5300 | 4800 |
| Birobidzhan | 7500 | 7100 | 6700 | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 |
| Blagoveshchensk | 7500 | 7100 | 6700 | 6200 | 5800 | 5400 |
| Bratsk | 8100 | 7600 | 7100 | 6600 | 6100 | 5600 |
| Bryansk | 5400 | 5000 | 4600 | 4200 | 3800 | 3300 |
| Verkhoyansk | 13400 | 12900 | 12300 | 11700 | 11200 | 10600 |
| Vladivostok | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4300 | 3900 | 3500 |
| Vladikavkaz | 4100 | 3800 | 3400 | 3100 | 2700 | 2400 |
| Vladimir | 5900 | 5400 | 5000 | 4600 | 4200 | 3700 |
| Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 7800 | 7300 | 6900 | 6400 | 6000 | 5500 |
| Kostroma | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 | 4900 | 4400 | 4000 |
| Kotlas | 6900 | 6500 | 6000 | 5500 | 5000 | 4600 |
| Krasnodar | 3300 | 3000 | 2700 | 2400 | 2100 | 1800 |
| Krasnoyarsk | 7300 | 6800 | 6300 | 5900 | 5400 | 4900 |
| Mound | 6800 | 6400 | 6000 | 5600 | 5100 | 4700 |
| Kursk | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 4000 | 3600 | 3200 |
| Kyzyl | 8800 | 8300 | 7900 | 7400 | 7000 | 6500 |
| Lipetsk | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4300 | 3900 | 3500 |
| Saint Petersburg | 5700 | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 3900 | 3500 |
| Smolensk | 5700 | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 4000 | 3500 |
| Magadan | 9000 | 8400 | 7800 | 7200 | 6700 | 6100 |
| Makhachkala | 3200 | 2900 | 2600 | 2300 | 2000 | 1700 |
| Minusinsk | 4700 | 6900 | 6500 | 6000 | 5600 | 5100 |
| Moscow | 5800 | 5400 | 4900 | 4500 | 4100 | 3700 |
| Murmansk | 7500 | 6900 | 6400 | 5800 | 5300 | 4700 |
| Moore | 6000 | 5600 | 5100 | 4700 | 4300 | 3900 |
| Nalchik | 3900 | 3600 | 3300 | 2900 | 2600 | 2300 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 6000 | 5300 | 5200 | 4800 | 4300 | 3900 |
| Naryan-Mar | 9000 | 8500 | 7900 | 7300 | 6700 | 6100 |
| Velikiy Novgorod | 5800 | 5400 | 4900 | 4500 | 4000 | 3600 |
| Olonets | 6300 | 5900 | 5400 | 4900 | 4500 | 4000 |
| Omsk | 7200 | 6700 | 6300 | 5800 | 5400 | 5000 |
| Eagle | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4200 | 3800 | 3400 |
| Orenburg | 6100 | 5700 | 5300 | 4900 | 4500 | 4100 |
| Novosibirsk | 7500 | 7100 | 6600 | 6100 | 5700 | 5200 |
| Partizansk | 5600 | 5200 | 4900 | 4500 | 4100 | 3700 |
| Penza | 5900 | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4200 | 3800 |
| Permian | 6800 | 6400 | 5900 | 5500 | 5000 | 4600 |
| Petrozavodsk | 6500 | 6000 | 5500 | 5100 | 4600 | 4100 |
| Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | 6600 | 6100 | 5600 | 5100 | 4600 | 4000 |
| Pskov | 5400 | 5000 | 4600 | 4200 | 3700 | 3300 |
| Ryazan | 5700 | 5300 | 4900 | 4500 | 4100 | 3600 |
| Samara | 5900 | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4300 | 3900 |
| Saransk | 6000 | 5500 | 5100 | 5700 | 4300 | 3900 |
| Saratov | 5600 | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 4000 | 3600 |
| Sortavala | 6300 | 5800 | 5400 | 4900 | 4400 | 3900 |
| Sochi | 1600 | 1400 | 1250 | 1100 | 900 | 700 |
| Surgut | 8700 | 8200 | 7700 | 7200 | 6700 | 6100 |
| Stavropol | 3900 | 3500 | 3200 | 2900 | 2500 | 2200 |
| Syktyvkar | 7300 | 6800 | 6300 | 5800 | 5300 | 4900 |
| Taishet | 7800 | 7300 | 6800 | 6300 | 5800 | 5400 |
| Tambov | 5600 | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 4000 | 3600 |
| Tver | 5900 | 5400 | 5000 | 4600 | 4100 | 3700 |
| Tikhvin | 6100 | 5600 | 2500 | 4700 | 4300 | 3800 |
| Tobolsk | 7500 | 7000 | 6500 | 6100 | 5600 | 5100 |
| Tomsk | 7600 | 7200 | 6700 | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 |
| Totna | 6700 | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 | 4800 | 4300 |
| Tula | 5600 | 5200 | 4800 | 4400 | 3900 | 3500 |
| Tyumen | 7000 | 6600 | 6100 | 5700 | 5200 | 4800 |
| Ulan-Ude | 8200 | 7700 | 7200 | 6700 | 6300 | 5800 |
| Ulyanovsk | 6200 | 5800 | 5400 | 5000 | 4500 | 4100 |
| Urengoy | 10600 | 10000 | 9500 | 8900 | 8300 | 7800 |
| Ufa | 6400 | 5900 | 5500 | 5100 | 4700 | 4200 |
| Ukhta | 7900 | 7400 | 6900 | 6400 | 5800 | 5300 |
| Khabarovsk | 7000 | 6600 | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 | 4900 |
| Khanty-Mansiysk | 8200 | 7700 | 7200 | 6700 | 6200 | 5700 |
| Cheboksary | 6300 | 5800 | 5400 | 5000 | 4500 | 4100 |
| Chelyabinsk | 6600 | 6200 | 5800 | 5300 | 4900 | 4500 |
| Cherkessk | 4000 | 3600 | 3300 | 2900 | 2600 | 2300 |
| Chita | 8600 | 8100 | 7600 | 7100 | 6600 | 6100 |
| Elista | 4400 | 4000 | 3700 | 3300 | 3000 | 2600 |
| Yuzhno-Kurilsk | 5400 | 5000 | 4500 | 4100 | 3600 | 3200 |
| Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | 6500 | 600 | 5600 | 5100 | 4700 | 4200 |
| Yakutsk | 11400 | 10900 | 10400 | 9900 | 9400 | 8900 |
| Yaroslavl | 6200 | 5700 | 5300 | 4900 | 4400 | 4000 |
We propose to consider in practice the process of calculating the insulating layer of the wall and ceiling of a residential attic. For example, let’s take a house in Vologda, built from blocks (foam concrete) 200 mm thick.
So, if a temperature of 22 degrees is normal for the inhabitants, then the current in this case the degree-day indicator is 6000. We find the corresponding indicator in the table of standards for thermal resistance, it is 3.5 m² K/W - we will strive for it.
The wall will be multi-layered, so first we will determine how much thermal resistance a bare foam block will provide. If the average thermal conductivity of foam concrete is about 0.4 W/(m*K), then with a 20 mm thickness this outer wall will give a heat transfer resistance of 0.5 m²·K/W (0.2 meters divided by a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.4).
That is for high-quality insulation we are missing about 3 m²·K/W. You can get them mineral wool or foam plastic, which will be installed on the facade side in a ventilated curtain structure or wet method bonded thermal insulation. We slightly transform the formula for thermal resistance and obtain the required thickness - that is, we multiply the required (missing) heat transfer resistance by thermal conductivity (take it from the table).
In numbers it will look like this: d thickness of basalt mineral wool = 3 X 0.035 = 0.105 meters. It turns out that we can use the material in mats or rolls 10 centimeters thick. Note that when using foam with a density of 25 kg/m3 and higher - required thickness it will turn out similar.
By the way, we can consider another example. Let’s say we want to make a fence for a warm glazed balcony from solid sand-lime brick in the same house, then the missing thermal resistance will be about 3.35 m² K/W (0.12X0.82). If you plan to use PSB-S-15 foam for insulation, then its thickness should be 0.144 mm - that is, 15 cm.
For the attic, roof and floors, the calculation technique will be approximately the same, only thermal conductivity and heat transfer resistance of load-bearing structures are excluded. And also the resistance requirements increase somewhat - you will no longer need 3.5 m²·K/W, but 4.6. As a result, wool is suitable up to 20 cm thick = 4.6 X 0.04 (thermal insulator for roofing).
Manufacturers of insulating materials decided to simplify the task for ordinary developers. To do this, they developed simple and understandable programs for calculating the thickness of the insulation.
Let's look at some options:
In each of them, you need to fill in the fields in several steps, after which, by clicking on a button, you can instantly get the result.
Here are some features of using the programs:
1. Everywhere you are asked to select a city/district/region of construction from a drop-down list.
2. Everyone except TechnoNIKOL asks to determine the type of object: residential/industrial, or, as on the Penoplex website - city apartment/loggia/low-rise building/outbuilding.
3. Then we indicate which structures we are interested in: walls, floors, attic floors, roof. The Penoplex program also calculates the insulation of the foundation, engineering communications, street paths and playgrounds.
4. Some calculators have a field for indicating the desired temperature inside the room; on the Rockwool website they are also interested in the dimensions of the building and the type of fuel used for heating, the number of people living. Knauf also takes into account the relative air humidity in the rooms.
5. On penoplex.ru you need to indicate the type and thickness of the walls, as well as the material from which they are made.
6. Most calculators have the ability to specify the characteristics of individual or additional layers of structures, for example, features load-bearing walls without thermal insulation, cladding type...
7. The Penoplex calculator for some structures (for example, for roof insulation using the “between the rafters” method) can calculate not only extruded polystyrene foam, which the company specializes in, but also mineral wool.
As you understand, there is nothing complicated in calculating the optimal thickness of thermal insulation; you just need to approach this issue with the utmost care. The main thing is to clearly determine the missing heat transfer resistance, and then choose the insulation that will be best suited for the specific elements of the building and used construction technologies. Also, do not forget that the thermal insulation of a private house must be dealt with comprehensively; all enclosing structures must be properly insulated.
Wooden houses will certainly never lose their relevance and will not go away from the peak of popularity. The warm, pleasant structure of high-quality wood, beneficial for human health, cannot be compared with either stone or mortars, and especially not with any polymers. Nevertheless, the thermal insulation qualities of wood, although quite high, are still not enough to ensure the most comfortable microclimate in the house, and it is necessary to resort to additional insulation of the walls.
Insulation wooden walls- a very delicate matter, since it is necessary to ensure that the thermal insulation layer is sufficient, but at the same time not to allow excessiveness. In addition, much depends on the type of external and interior decoration walls, if provided. In a word, it is impossible to do without thermal engineering calculations. And in this matter, a calculator for calculating the insulation of the walls of a wooden house should serve well.
