Proper installation of the stove in bath room requires the laying of its main elements at the stage of planning and designing the steam room of the bath. It is very difficult to build a full-fledged brick stove with a heater in any other way, and the result does not always meet expectations. Another thing is installation metal furnace in the bath. This stove design is lighter and simpler; it can be installed in almost any steam room.
It's no secret that the vast majority of home baths are heated with metal wood-burning or electric stoves. Professionally made stove good quality lined with a brick screen has a number of advantages over the traditional construction method:
For your information! According to statistics, two thirds of fires in private households occur in bathhouses with wood stoves made of stone.
Installing a stove in a bathhouse with your own hands is no more difficult than any other heating system. Even if there is no experience, but there is a desire, most of the work can be done, guided by the recommendations and instructions of the manufacturer. You can install a homemade wood-burning stove in a bathhouse in the same way, but only on condition that the firebox and all the main components have passed the fire test and have been heated in a full cycle at least 20 times.
There are no particular problems in installing a stove with your own hands; it is enough to ensure that several conditions are met during installation:
Advice! Before looking for a way to install a stove, you will need to solve two problems. ?First, find optimal location chimney for the stove. Design chimney can greatly affect the operation of the furnace itself and its efficiency. Besides, steel chimney heats up to a very high temperature and often causes a fire in the bathhouse. Secondly, it is necessary to determine how it is most convenient to service the stove, where it is most convenient to install it, and, accordingly, come up with lining the steel body with a brick screen.
The bodies of steel and cast iron sauna stoves tend to heat up to a very high temperature, at which the concentration of air oxygen in the steam room atmosphere quickly drops. Therefore, it is imperative to install a screen around any metal firebox, preferably a brick one. Moreover, ordinary red brick, unlike metal screens, always plays the role of a heat accumulator, this solution allows you to level out the heat output and not have to run to the firebox every five minutes to load firewood, which is not very convenient, especially if the loading opening is located outside or in utility room baths
The most rational solution would be to install the stove in the wall of the steam room so that the body with the screen and the heater are inside the steam room of the bath, and the “face” with the doors of the combustion chamber and ash pan opens into the dressing room or onto the street.
The last option is very convenient for summer country baths, especially if the bathhouse design is combined with summer kitchen or a terrace.
After you have previously selected a place in the bathhouse where it is most convenient to install and maintain the stove, you need to make a small estimate of the weight of the future stove and determine the type of base or foundation for the building.
Existing SNiP standards set a limit on the weight of the structure; a stove with a heat-insulating layer, foundation, brick screen and chimney can be installed directly on reinforced wooden joists provided that the total weight does not exceed 750 kg. The weight of the future sauna stove must be checked by calculation.
The weight of the steel or cast iron furnace body can be taken from the product passport. Typical steel structure a stove with a remote firebox and a mesh for stones weighs about one hundred kilograms. A cast iron stove for a bath, like the one shown in the photo, weighs about 200 kg.
In addition, on steel and cast iron options the furnace is supposed to install up to 100 kg of stones to produce steam. As a result, the total weight of the stove structure for a bathhouse can easily reach 300 kg.
The chimney pipe is made of thin sheet steel, its weight together with the tank for hot water rarely exceeds 30 kg.
The weight of a brick screen depends on its size. For laying half a brick on 1m2 of surface, you will need to use 53 pieces of solid single brick. Accordingly for the screen with total area 2 m2 will be consumed 106 pieces. With one stone weighing 3.5 kg, the mass of the screen is 321 kg. In total, the total weight of the stove that is supposed to be installed in the bathhouse is 550-650 kg. This is less than the ceiling of 750 kg, but even with such a mass it is not always possible to install the stove on logs.
First of all, it is necessary to check the cross-sectional size of the joists and the method of their installation. To install a sauna stove weighing 650 kg on the floor, you will need to distribute the load across at least two beams with a cross-section of 70x100 mm. Otherwise, you will have to make a real foundation.
After completing the calculations and selecting a location for the stove, the further installation procedure will include the following operations:
Experts advise making a full-fledged foundation for the stove in two cases, if the construction of the bathhouse is not completed at the time of installation, and it is technically possible to painlessly cast the foundation. In the second case, the stove can be installed on the floor of the bathhouse if the safety margin is at least 1.5 units.
The easiest way is to install the housing on a wooden bath floor. The vast majority of steel and cast iron sauna stoves have special supports that raise the firebox body above the floor level. To ensure the stability of the stove, a durable heat-protective cake will need to be installed in the base of the structure. First of all, using the hammered nails and floorboards, we find the location of the joist beams in the bathhouse.
Next, we mark the site relative to the joist beams so that it is possible to install the stove with an even distribution of the load on the supports. Using an electric planer, we remove a 3-4 mm part of the surface of the floorboard to remove protective covering and make it as rough as possible. We impregnate the wood with an antiseptic and fire retardant, which increases the wood's resistance to high temperatures.
At the next stage, the area on the floor must be covered with a coating of white clay, cement and liquid glass. Without waiting for the applied mixture to harden, place a thick sheet of metal on top of the coating. Next a layer is laid mineral thermal insulation and a layer of brick. For the bond, use regular masonry mortar for fireplaces from ready-made cement-sand mixture. You can install a sauna stove.
To install a full-fledged foundation, you will need to remove the boards and dig a pit for casting a base of brick and concrete. We make a hole for the foundation in the form of a square, with a side 10-15 cm larger than the maximum size of the oven with a screen. We dig a pit to a depth of 50-60 cm. Next, we pour and tamp a sand cushion at least 150 mm high, and cover it with a layer of rubble stone with crushed stone. Before pouring concrete, it is necessary to waterproof the walls and pits from roofing material. Fill the last layer in the form concrete slab 20 cm thick, of which at least 15 cm must be above ground level.
A couple of hours after pouring, it is necessary to walk along the horizontal surface of the foundation in order to level the supporting plane with the horizon.
The place where it is planned to install the furnace body must be coordinated with the direction and location of the chimney pipes. An opening 30 cm larger than the dimensions of the firebox and ash pan is cut out in the wall of the bathhouse using a hammer drill or electric saw. The surface of the wall, located at a short distance from the furnace body, will need to be covered with mineral bulk thermal insulation and a sheet of metal installed. The remaining surface adjacent to the body is finished with heat-resistant tiles, as in the diagram.
If the walls of the bathhouse are made of timber, then the adjoining area will need to be laid out from red brick on cement masonry mortar, without clay, and only after that stick on the heat-protective tiles.
The stove can be installed and secured to the base using spring loops screwed to the anchors.
At the base of the flood area, a layer of thermal insulation and a steel sheet 2-3 mm thick must be laid. The dimensions of the sheet must exceed the dimensions of the firebox by 30 cm in each direction.
Ideally, the first section of the chimney should be made without turns or elbows. The first one and a half meters of pipe length are made of heat-resistant stainless steel. Since it gets very hot, all fastenings to the walls will need to be made of a sliding type, so that the expanding pipe does not tear off the fastenings. It is advisable to install a housing with gaskets made of heat-insulating material, and cover the chimney itself with a protective casing.
The rest of the chimney can be manufactured and installed using sandwich technology with basalt wool insulation.
The most convenient would be a remote chimney design, which can be installed on almost any wall of the bathhouse, even on a surface sheathed wooden clapboard. But for this you will need to specifically select the configuration and location of the stove in the bathhouse. A hole is punched in the wall and a special steel adapter with thermal insulation around the perimeter of the device is punched.
To lead the chimney through the roof, the ceiling and roof are marked and cut out along a plumb line. installation windows as in the photo.
After installing the adapters, the space between the pipe is covered with sheet asbestos and filled mineral wool. On the roof of the bathhouse, the chimney pipe is closed protective cover made of metal, which is attached to the sheathing through a layer of heat-resistant rubber.
In general, installing a stove in a bathhouse takes two to three working days, but it is recommended to postpone the test for at least a week so that all masonry materials of the foundation and brick screen gain the required level of strength. It is recommended that the first starts of a stove with a heater mesh filled with stones should be carried out no earlier than two weeks later, when the foundation gives the first necessary settlement.
To maintain optimal temperature in all bath rooms, it is best to heat the bath using a heater installed in the steam room. For small-sized baths, consisting of a dressing room, a wash room and a steam room, a single stove, as a rule, is installed in such a way that the heater is located in the steam room, the stove firebox is located in the dressing room, and the storage tank for heated water is located in the washing room.
The easiest to manufacture, maintain and operate is the system in which the bath is heated from a stove in the steam room. That is, a stove-heater that provides maximum heating ambient air and obtaining heated steam, is located in a steam room, and its combustion part, through which flammable material is loaded, is removed to the dressing room. At the same time, due to the implementation of such a design, the bathhouse is heated from sauna stove simultaneously both in the steam room and in the dressing room. In this case, the washing compartment of the bath is heated by placing a tank with hot water, and, if necessary, an additional heating battery.
The storage tank, located in the washing compartment of the bathhouse, is connected by pipes to a heat exchanger heated by a sauna stove. Heating water in storage tank produced using circulation pump pumping water through a heat exchanger located either directly in the fuel combustion area or on the chimney pipe of the stove.
A sauna stove with a heat exchanger for heating and obtaining the required amount of hot water is the most efficient and in a simple way maintaining optimal temperature in all rooms of the bath. This combined design is quite economical in terms of fuel consumption, generates a large number of heat and has a relatively short time to reach operating mode.
If necessary, with a heating circuit, it can be quite universal both in terms of operating mode and the fuel used in it. Such a furnace can be used either in a continuous combustion mode, or in a cyclic mode, with periodic loading of combustible material. Natural gas, wood, charcoal or fuel pellets can be used as fuel. In addition, for heating the bath and heating water, they can also be used. electric ovens appropriate power.
Continuous combustion furnaces are usually made from steel. Such a furnace heats up quickly and cools down quickly when the fuel supply to it is stopped. Sometimes the surface of steel stoves is lined with decorative non-flammable material, which increases its safety and heat capacity.
Stoves used in cyclic mode for heating a room must have a high heat capacity and the ability to retain heat for a long time after the fuel supply has stopped. They are made from refractory bricks, which have a large mass and high heat capacity. Such an oven, after heating, can retain high temperature for quite a long time. The disadvantages of such furnaces include a long time to reach the operating mode, that is, a long time for heating the furnace in a cold state.
To organize the supply of hot water to the bathhouse, as well as for heating the premises, stoves equipped with systems are used forced circulation hot water, as well as heat exchangers.
Furnaces equipped with heat exchange devices allow you to successfully solve all the problems of heating a room, heating water, and creating steam. Heating a bathhouse from the heat exchanger of a bathhouse stove can include not only the main rooms of the bathhouse, but also auxiliary ones, for example, a shower room, a relaxation room, a swimming pool, a billiard room, etc.
When designing a stove equipped with heat exchange devices, even at the stage of building a bathhouse, the following should be taken into account:
Sauna stoves with a heat exchanger can be connected using heat-insulated pipes:
Stoves for heating baths with wood come with an internal or external heat exchanger. The internal heat exchanger is located in the combustion chamber between the body and the casing. It uses heat obtained directly from the combustion of fuel and heating of the furnace.
An external heat exchanger is installed around the chimney pipe. It uses the heat given off by heated gases when they are removed outside. Due to the increased volume of the external heat exchanger, its operating efficiency increases. Using the heat of the gases escaping through the chimney allows you to save fuel and increase the efficiency of the furnace by reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases.
IN cast iron stove The water in the heat exchanger is heated by exhaust flue gases and thermal radiation. The heat exchanger body is located in the upper part of the firebox in the area of the chimney.
A brick stove for a bath involves the location of a heat exchanger inside the brickwork in close proximity to the firebox. This somewhat increases the thermal inertia of the heat exchanger, and also reduces the likelihood of its overheating or oxidation of its surface under the influence of open fire.
The heat exchanger providing heating of the bath from the stove in the steam room must comply with technical parameters effective power of the water heating system, operating pressure in the system, volume and composition of the circulating coolant.
A sauna stove equipped with a heat exchanger has certain design features.
These include, in particular:
The heat exchanger operates due to the constant circulation of water through all devices that make up the heating system in the bathhouse. For effective use heat exchanger, the length of each connecting pipe should be a maximum of 3 m. Especially if there is no external thermal insulation of the pipe.
Subject to compliance, as well as in the presence of systems forced ventilation and thermoregulation, a universal stove for baths and home heating can be equipped with a heat exchanger. The stove itself can be located in the bathhouse and connected to the living quarters of the house using a thermally insulated heating pipeline and supplying the home with hot water.
To organize water circulation in the central heating system, as well as to supply hot water to the premises of the house and to the washing compartment of the bathhouse, an automated constant pressure in the highway.
The most simple design A universal stove is an electric stove with separate electric heaters for the stove sections with a heat exchanger and the heater.
Such a furnace can operate in several modes, namely:
A similar stove for bathing and heating at the same time can be created in the form of a continuous device using natural gas or fuel pellets. Use as fuel charcoal or wood in this case is difficult and has certain technical difficulties. After all, wood or coal stoves do not provide the ability to automatically adjust the temperature. This can lead to sudden temperature changes in the heating line.
If it is possible to connect to the main line natural gas or electrical cable industrial voltage, you can make a sauna stove from a heating boiler operating, respectively, on gas or electricity. Such a stove can perform the functions of a heating and water heating system. Together with the heating boiler in the bathhouse, you can also install a small steel wood-burning stove in the steam room.
If the system has central heating At home with sufficient power, the auxiliary rooms of the bathhouse can be heated using it. To do this, heat-insulated pipes are laid from the home heating system to the bathhouse, to which heating radiators for the auxiliary rooms of the bathhouse are connected. In this case, the stove-heater can only be used to heat the steam or washing section of the bath, if necessary.
If the distance from the water heating boiler of a residential building to the bathhouse is small, then heat loss with such a heating system can be minimal. In addition, the presence of an independent external heating system will support optimal temperature in the bathhouse winter period. This is required to prevent freezing of water supply and sewerage pipes, as well as the bathhouse itself. The combination of heating systems of a residential building and a bathhouse in this case can be of an auxiliary, backup nature.
A wood stove is a heating unit that runs on solid fuel. The operation of any such unit is largely determined by the correctness of its installation. It is important to remember that the stove is also a rather fire hazardous device.
In this regard, the installation of the furnace requires strict adherence to the relevant measures fire safety.
Ventilation and chimney should be given special attention.
The sauna stove belongs to heating devices convection type of constant action. You can install a solid fuel stove using one of several options:
The stove must be installed on a fireproof foundation, the thickness of which is at least 200 mm. If the floor in the room in which the stove is located is wooden, it must be protected from fire. To do this, use at least two layers of brickwork (flat), made with clay mortar.
A layer of basalt cardboard must be laid between the bricks and the floor (the thickness of the cardboard must be at least 10 mm). The dimensions of the brick platform or foundation must be such that these elements protrude beyond the stove from the sides and rear by 10 cm, and from the front by 50 cm.
The stove must not be located in close proximity to walls made of combustible materials. Minimum distance between them should be 50 cm. If the walls adjacent to the stove, made of flammable materials, are protected by a sheet of metal over a layer of basalt cardboard or brickwork, then the distance from such walls to the stove can be reduced to 20 cm. In this case, it is necessary that the walls be protected to a height of at least 100 cm to the top of the stove. The distance can also be reduced if fireproof materials are used. Construction Materials(for example, mineralite LV slabs).
The distance from the firebox to the opposite wall, regardless of the material, must be at least 125 cm.
That section of the ceiling that is located above connecting pipe and stove, must be made of non-combustible materials. If the ceiling is combustible, then it must be protected with a sheet of metal over a layer of asbestos. The area of the metal sheet should be one third greater than the area occupied by the stove. Or the dimensions of the sheet should be 30 cm more sizes stoves in plan.
If the stove is located on the border of two rooms, then the partition where the tunnel is mounted must be made of non-combustible materials to a height of at least 200 cm. Between the brickwork and the tunnel it is necessary to lay basalt cardboard, the thickness of which is at least 10 mm, and also basalt slab, the thickness of which is at least 40mm (it will prevent thermal deformation of the brick).
The wall on the side of the stove must be protected with a metal sheet with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, as well as 20 cm across the width of the stove on each side and the height to the ceiling (instead of metal, you can use a fireproof mineralite plate of the same size). The floor in front of the firebox must be protected by a sheet of metal measuring 70 cm x 50 cm.
In order to prevent possible contact between a person and a hot stove, railings can be installed along the perimeter of the fireproof foundation.
To reduce the level of harshness of radiation from metal, it is recommended to line the stove with natural stone or refractory brick.
In order for the air flow to pass freely to the firebox, openings must be left at the base of the masonry. The dimensions of these openings should not be less area in terms of the space around the firebox (it is better if the openings are twice as large as this area). The length of the firebox contour in plan is multiplied by three centimeters of the gap. The result is an area (in centimeters), no less than which the windows at the base of the masonry should be.
The furnace fence in the steam room is prerequisite, If:
In the simplest case, the fence can be made of wood.
Attention, do not forget about fire safety measures! If you have a factory-made boiler, do not forget to look at the instructions and see at what distance from the stove there may be surfaces susceptible to fire. As a rule, if the sauna stove does not have hanging elements such as a grid with stones, then the distance to the fence should be at least 500 mm. For some stoves, such as, for example, the recommended distance from the heater to walls made of combustible materials is 1000 mm.
The fence can be made in the form of a small fence.
This type of fencing for a sauna stove is quite suitable for protecting small children from burns. The distance between the picket fence can be made small so that the child cannot stick his hand through.
If only adults visit the steam room, it is possible economical option manufacturing a fence: a vertical post and a pair of horizontal lintels.
Fencing options may vary. For example, you can place the planks flat horizontally.
The bathhouse has always been for Russians, where a person relaxes, as they say, “cleanses the spirit and body”, receives a charge of vigor and health for the whole future working week. But in order for a bathhouse to live up to the expectations placed on it, it needs a good one. It doesn’t matter whether this heating unit is purchased ready-made or built with your own hands - the main thing is that it is able to create the necessary specific atmosphere in the premises and is as safe as possible in operation.
There are two the main methods of installing this heating device:
Placing the entire structure in the steam room.
Each of the proposed options has its positive and negative sides, but it is advisable to decide on the choice of installation method at the stage of building the bathhouse. If you plan to move the furnace firebox to an adjacent room, then when constructing a dividing wall between the steam room and the dressing room, an opening is immediately installed in it. However, if it is decided to carry out reconstruction already finished bath, then it is quite acceptable to cut into the wall required window for removing the furnace door of the furnace to the dressing room.
