Among the countless varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers, there are those, such as the Ramiro pepper, whose popularity is literally worldwide. And if most vegetables on supermarket shelves are nameless, and it is almost impossible to find out about their variety, then the name of this pepper “Ramiro” will certainly be on the packaging. And, as my experience has shown, this pepper is worth letting other gardeners know about it. In connection with which this article was written.
Autumn is the most mushroom time. It is no longer hot, and heavy dew falls in the mornings. Since the earth is still warm, and foliage has already attacked from above, creating a completely special microclimate in the ground layer, the mushrooms are very comfortable. Mushroom pickers are also comfortable at this time, especially in the mornings when it is cooler. It's time for both to meet. And, if you haven’t introduced yourself to each other, get to know each other. In this article I will introduce you to exotic, little-known and not always edible mushrooms, similar to corals.
If you are a busy person, but at the same time not devoid of romance, if you have your own plot and are endowed with aesthetic taste, then explore the opportunity to purchase this wonderful ornamental shrub– karyopteris, or Nutwing. He is also “wing-hazel”, “blue fog” and “blue beard”. It truly fully combines unpretentiousness and beauty. Karyopteris reaches its peak of decorativeness in late summer and autumn. It is at this time that it blooms.
Pepper ajvar - vegetable caviar or thick vegetable sauce from bell pepper with eggplants. The peppers for this recipe are baked for quite a long time, then they are also stewed. Add to ajvar onion, tomatoes, eggplants. To store eggs for the winter, they are sterilized. This Balkan recipe is not for those who like to make preparations quickly, undercooked and underbaked - not about ajvar. In general, we approach the matter in detail. For the sauce, we choose the ripest and meatiest vegetables on the market.
Despite the simple names (“sticky” or “indoor maple”) and the status of a modern substitute indoor hibiscus, abutilons are far from the simplest plants. They grow well, bloom profusely and delight healthy looking greenery only in optimal conditions. On thin leaves, any deviations from comfortable lighting or temperatures and disturbances in care quickly appear. To reveal the beauty of abutilons in rooms, it is worth finding the ideal place for them.
Zucchini fritters with Parmesan and mushrooms - a delicious recipe with photos of available products. Ordinary zucchini pancakes can be easily turned into a non-boring dish by adding a few savory ingredients to the dough. Treat your family this squash season vegetable pancakes With forest mushrooms, it is not only very tasty, but also satisfying. Zucchini is a universal vegetable, it is suitable for stuffing, for preparations, for main courses, and even for sweets. delicious recipes- compotes and jam are made from zucchini.
The idea of growing vegetables on the grass, under the grass and in the grass is scary at first, until you become imbued with the naturalness of the process: in nature, this is exactly how everything happens. With the obligatory participation of all soil living creatures: from bacteria and fungi to moles and toads. Each of them contributes. Traditional tillage with digging, loosening, fertilizing, and fighting all those we consider pests destroys the biocenoses that have been created over centuries. In addition, it requires a lot of labor and resources.
What to do instead of a lawn? So that all this beauty does not turn yellow, does not get sick and at the same time looks like a lawn... I hope that the smart and quick-witted reader is already smiling. After all, the answer suggests itself - if you do nothing, nothing will happen. Of course, there are several solutions that can be used, and with their help, you can reduce the area of the lawn, and therefore reduce the labor intensity of caring for it. I suggest you consider alternative options and discuss their pros and cons.
Tomato sauce with onions and sweet peppers - thick, aromatic, with pieces of vegetables. The sauce cooks quickly and is thick because this recipe contains pectin. Make such preparations at the end of summer or autumn, when the vegetables have ripened in the sun in the garden beds. Bright, red tomatoes will make equally bright homemade ketchup. This sauce is a ready-made dressing for spaghetti, and you can also simply spread it on bread - very tasty. For better preservation, you can add a little vinegar.
This year I often observed a picture: among the luxurious green crown of trees and shrubs, here and there, like candles, the bleached tops of shoots “burn.” This is chlorosis. Most of us know about chlorosis from school biology lessons. I remember that this is a lack of iron... But chlorosis is an ambiguous concept. And lightening of foliage does not always mean a lack of iron. What is chlorosis, what our plants lack during chlorosis and how to help them, we will tell you in the article.
Korean vegetables for the winter - delicious korean salad with tomatoes and cucumbers. The salad is sweet and sour, spicy and slightly spicy, because it is prepared with seasoning for... Korean carrots. Be sure to prepare several jars for the winter, cold winter This healthy and flavorful snack will come in handy. You can use overripe cucumbers for the recipe; it is better to harvest vegetables in late summer or early autumn, when they are ripe in the open ground under the sun.
Autumn for me means dahlias. Mine begin to bloom as early as June, and all summer the neighbors peek at me over the fence, reminding them that I promised them a few tubers or seeds by the fall. In September, a tart note appears in the aroma of these flowers, hinting at the approaching cold. This means it’s time to start preparing the plants for the long, cold winter. In this article I will share my secrets autumn care for perennial dahlias and preparing them for winter storage.
To date, through the efforts of breeders, according to various sources, from seven to ten thousand (!) varieties of cultivated apple trees have been bred. But despite their enormous diversity, in private gardens, as a rule, only a couple of popular and beloved varieties grow. Apple trees - large trees with a spreading crown, and you can’t grow many of them in one area. What if you try to grow columnar varieties of this crop? In this article I will tell you exactly about these varieties of apple trees.
Pinjur - Balkan-style eggplant caviar with sweet peppers, onions and tomatoes. Distinctive feature dishes - eggplants and peppers are first baked, then peeled and simmered for a long time in a roasting pan or in a thick-bottomed pan, adding the rest of the vegetables specified in the recipe. The caviar turns out to be very thick, with a bright, rich taste. In my opinion, this cooking method is the best known. Although it is more troublesome, the result compensates for the labor costs.
Dwarf birch
Dwarf birch, dwarf birch or dwarf birch (Betula nana)- a species of plants of the genus Birch (Betula) of the Birch family (Betulaceae).
In Russian, the names ernik, ernik, birch ernik, slate, birch slate, ernik-slate, karla, era are also found.
Deciduous, highly branched shrub 20-70 (up to 120) cm high, with erect or spreading shoots. Young shoots are densely velvety or fluffy, later almost naked, with dark brown or reddish-dark brown bark.
Dwarf birch
The leaves are round, small, almost round, with an uneven serrated edge, dark green, shiny, dark yellow in autumn.
Requirements: Sun/partial shade.
Soils: Prefers acidic peaty and moist soil.
Frost resistance: Frost-resistant.
Decorative: It has decorative form crowns
Dwarf birch
Landing. There are several ways:
1. First, prepare the soil - loosen it and water it generously. Then sow the seeds and, without covering them with soil, cover the top with film. There is no need to soak the seeds before sowing.
Birch seeds germinate in a few days. Their growth rate depends on sunlight, humidity level, temperature. As soon as they germinate, the film must be removed. Growing seedlings really need good lighting and abundant watering. But from excessive activity sun rays Birch trees need to be protected. Do not forget to carefully weed the ground to remove weeds. Birch seeds germinate in the light, but die very easily when the soil dries out.
2. The seeds are placed on the ground and lightly sprinkled;
Water the planting site;
Cover the area with the seed with thin brushwood or straw;
Water regularly - directly through the shelter;
After the sprouts appear, the cover is carefully removed.
Since young birch trees love shade, after removing the flooring, the shoots must be protected from direct sunlight with board shields or any other method. At the same time, the fence should not be airtight - the movement of air through it should be free. Birch seeds germinate in the light, but die very easily when the soil dries out.
3. Organize a small greenhouse. In early spring, the seeds are planted in the ground, and a shelter is organized around them. You can use polyethylene film stretched over wooden frame or any other similar design. The main thing is that its height allows young shoots to grow freely, until the greenhouse can be removed. This moment comes when it gets warm enough and the risk of night frosts disappears. Birch seeds germinate in the light, but die very easily when the soil dries out.
4. Experience of Leskhozes:
Birch branches are laid loosely on the beds in the fall. The seeds themselves are sown either in the fall or in the spring, scattered on these branches. The branches retain the necessary moisture and transmit enough light for the seeds to germinate.
Size and shape, appearance, the color of the bark and the shape of the leaves, the dwarf birch (Betula papa L.) does not even remotely resemble the Central Russian silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth). She also does not have weeping earrings hanging down - the dense short inflorescences of the dwarf birch are directed upward. True, the flowers, like those of all birches, are pollinated by the wind, and the fruits are exactly the same small nuts with small membranous wings. The branches of the dwarf birch are dark cherry, smooth, and densely velvety in the early stages of growth. The leaves are small, round and coin-shaped. The size of a plant directly depends on the amount of heat it receives. The species amazes botanists with its abundance of forms. South of the Arctic Circle ( southern border kind - Nizhny Novgorod Region) birch turns into a full-fledged shrub, reaching 60 cm in height. In northern latitudes, it spreads and crawls, clinging to the moss floor of the tundra. This strategy can be explained quite simply: in winter, when severe frosts strike, you can hide under the snow, where it is not so cold. Branches not covered with snow will freeze and die. Due to this growth pattern dwarf birch often called dwarf birch, or dwarf birch. The word “ernik” comes either from the Nenets “era” - “bush”, or from the colloquial Old Russian “ernik” - “reveler”, “rake”, “joker”. And indeed, although the dwarf birch is not tall, it is very difficult to get through its continuous carpet thickets, since the legs get entangled in the branches spread on the ground, and the gait becomes unsteady. The branches of the birch tree are not just spread out on the ground, they intertwine and take down adventitious roots, rooting quite firmly in the soil. This living carpet is spreading across the tundra slowly, but surely - at a speed of one meter Lg per ten years. By about the age of one hundred years, the central part of the mother bush dies off, and the rooted shoots B begin new life as independent plants.
Seed propagation plays a much less noticeable role in the life of the dwarf birch than in the life of its majestic Central Russian relative. The dwarf birch produces seeds in abundance, but, unlike other species, not every year. They ripen not in August, like its closest tree relatives, but in the spring, and they are carried away from the mother bush, where they will germinate and give rise to new plants, not by the wind, but by melt water. But the main thing is that this shrub grows and matures very slowly. branch young plant begins at the 7-8th year of life, and before this time a single stem “gains height.” The dwarf birch blooms and produces fruits for the first time also late, only at the age of 30-35 years. The range of the dwarf birch is quite wide - the polar-Arctic tundra of Siberia, Europe and North America. To the south the view extends into both the forest-tundra and forest zones. In the alpine region of Altai and Sayan, dwarf birch gives way to a very similar species, round-leaved birch. These species differ very slightly: the dwarf birch has smooth branches, while the round-leaved birch has rough, warty branches. Sometimes round-leaved birch is considered a subspecies of dwarf birch. Some botanists combine all types of small birches into one species - this group also includes Middendorf birch and skinny birch.
Those who have been to the tundra know that mushrooms grow here up to huge size, and the trees, on the contrary, become smaller. The common boletus, which, true to its name, should grow under a birch tree, looks like a real giant in comparison with the dwarf birch tree, which clings tightly to the ground and creeps along the mosses. Perhaps in these parts it is more correct to call it a nadberezovik. But have you ever wondered why this mushroom is so drawn to birch, regardless of its size? It turns out that in order to better absorb nutrients coming from the soil, birch needs helper mushrooms. The underground, usually invisible part of the fungus, called the mycelium, produces enzymes that facilitate the absorption nutrients, in particular phosphorus. The fungus also benefits from such cooperation: in return it receives carbohydrates and phytohormones from the plant. And the plant enters into symbiosis with fungi, forming mycorrhiza (literally: mushroom root). Among the birch symbionts - White mushroom, black milk mushroom and even russula.
Dwarf birch belongs to the birch family and is a small and branched shrub with a height of 30 to 80 cm. The Tundra is considered the homeland of this plant, in wildlife it can grow in harsh climatic conditions Northern hemisphere of our planet. The low-growing tree can be found in Yakutia, Siberia, Japan, North Korea, Kamchatka, North America and Canada. The dwarf birch also prefers the mountain slopes of Scotland and also grows in the Alps, at an altitude of up to 2 thousand meters above sea level. Due to the cold weather, many miniature trees grow in the Tundra, which are distinguished by their vitality. The lifespan can be 100–120 years.
Externally, the tree bears almost no resemblance to its slender and tall relative. Residents of the North call this birch “ernik”, which means “bush”. The favorite places for such a plant to grow are mountain slopes, swampy areas of the Tundra and other northern regions of the globe.
In cold climates, plant branches are able to grow above the surface of the ground, where, with the onset of a long winter, they can remain for a long time under a thick layer of snow, which protects them from freezing. As a result, the birch does not look like an ordinary tree, but a shrub, creeping along the ground, having gray-brown bark and flexible shoots that grow rather slowly. The tree often grows into thickets of lichen, only visible on the surface green leaves and earrings. Thus, the plant can spread to significant distances and occupy quite large areas on the ground.
Leaves miniature tree oval in shape, light green in color with jagged edges, about 2 cm long. With the onset of autumn, they change their color to orange and bright red and look very picturesque. The tree blooms from May to June with small earrings of a green-yellow hue. After pollination, the catkins dry out and fruits appear on the branches - small nuts, Brown, with a size of several millimeters.
In northern latitudes, such birches are preferred vegetative method reproduction, because seeds cannot always fully ripen due to the onset of cold weather. Since all parts of the plant literally creep along the ground, appear on them additional roots, and then young shoots are formed in these places, from which new branches are subsequently formed. This shrub grows slowly and has very high frost resistance.
Dwarf birch serves as food for domestic animals and is also successfully used as fuel. Local residents use the leaves and buds of the plant to prepare medicinal decoctions that can treat diseases such as rheumatism, gout, arthritis, and remove stones from the bladder.
This unusual tree looks very decorative and requires minimal care, so it is very suitable for landscaping parks, personal plots, greenhouses, areas near municipal buildings. In addition, the crown always looks very compact, neat and does not require constant trimming.
To date, breeding scientists have developed several varieties of low-growing birch, which are ideal for growing in private homes and decorating courtyards and parks. Such trees can grow no higher than 1–5 meters, and varieties based on dwarf birch have an even smaller size. They are very unpretentious in maintenance and look great on sites almost all year round.
TO known varieties relate:
Before you plant this unpretentious and pretty tree on your site, you should not forget that this plant feels great in the cold season and tolerates any frost well. Therefore, it will not be very comfortable for him to exist in a warm, heated room or on a sunlit piece of land.
If you want the plant to be as comfortable as possible in the area where you decide to plant it, it is recommended to comply with the following conditions:
Seeds can be sown in open ground immediately after their collection or in the fall. Since they are not afraid of frost, they will not freeze in cold soil. Before sowing, the seeds need to be sorted and dried well. Then you need to choose a place suitable for planting and make 2-3 grooves there, 10 cm wide and 5 cm deep. Then pour the grains there and carefully cover them with soil. The required distance between furrows should be about 25 cm. It is advisable to sow seeds in the first year after collection, as they may subsequently lose freshness.
Seedlings should be planted in the ground in autumn or spring. To do this, a few days before planting, you need to dig a hole with a diameter of about 1.5 meters. The bottom layer of soil must be removed, and humus, peat, sand must be added to the top layer. mineral fertilizers and mix well.
Then you can start planting, taking into account that it is impossible to separate the earthen ball from the roots of the purchased plant, and if it is missing, you need to keep the lower part of the seedling in water for 3-4 hours. To the bottom of the pit you need to put drainage in the form of small pebbles or crushed stone. Its layer should be 20–25 cm. Then place a small birch tree in the hole, cover it with soil and compact it a little.
The main thing is regular watering; under no circumstances should the soil be allowed to dry out, otherwise the plant will dry out and get sick. It is necessary to water very abundantly, constantly maintaining the presence of moisture in the soil.
In spring, the bush can be fed with complex or nitrogen fertilizers, organic ones are also suitable, for example, humus. Pruning can be done one year after planting. It is best to form a crown of a tree in spring or summer time, having first removed all dry and damaged branches.
Birch trees that grow in the gardens of private houses can be affected by the following pests:
Botanical name: Dwarf birch or low-growing birch (Betula nana).
Genus: Birch.
Family: Birch.
Homeland of dwarf birch: North hemisphere.
Lighting: light-loving, shade-tolerant.
The soil: marshy, moist.
Watering: abundant.
Maximum tree height: up to 1 m.
Average lifespan of a tree: 100-120 years.
Landing: seeds, cuttings.
Dwarf birch, the photo of which is presented on the page, is a close relative of the ordinary birch. It is a highly branched shrub. It reaches a height of about 1 m. The branches are raised upward or spread along the surface of the ground; in diameter they can cover an area of up to 3 m. With very small sizes, the shoots are hidden in the thickness of the lichen, only the leaves of the plant are visible on the surface. The leaf arrangement is regular.
The leaves of the dwarf birch are small, 5-15 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, round, dark green above, light green below. They are attached to shoots using short petioles 4-6 mm long. In autumn they turn yellow and bright red.
Catkins on dwarf birch are also extremely small. They have an oval shape. When ripe, they crumble into separate parts: three-lobed scales and fruits - small oval nuts 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, with narrow, membranous wings on the sides.
The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual. It blooms in May, before the leaves bloom. Fruits from April to June.
Young shoots are velvety or fluffy, with dark brown or brown bark. Dwarf birch grows very slowly.
The bark of an adult plant is smooth, covered with a cork layer. The shrub's winter hardiness is quite high. In the wild it is found in the North of Russia, Yakutia and Western Siberia. Abroad, it grows in North America and northern Europe. Sometimes found in the mountains and Alps. Prefers rocky, swamp and tundra soils.
This shrub is considered one of the most common tundra plants. It is found throughout the tundra zone, growing especially abundantly in its southern part, where you can find entire thickets of dwarf birch.
Tundra dwarf birch can withstand long, harsh winters frozen ground. It grows mainly in swamps, along with lichens, mosses and dwarf willows. IN summer period The plant serves as food for tundra animals. Larger specimens of birch are used by the local population as fuel.
A photo of a dwarf birch in the tundra is attached.
IN landscape design use the decorative form of dwarf birch. Trees are planted for landscaping garden plots, adjacent areas, for the design of public parks and landscape gardens.
Due to its small, rounded shape, this shrub does not require regular pruning.
Looks beautiful in rock gardens, alpine roller coaster and group plantings, combined with low-growing evergreen conifers.
Dwarf birch is planted using seedlings or seeds. The plant is planted in spring and autumn. Dwarf birch seedlings successfully take root in any soil, but prefer loose, slightly acidic, well-fertilized, sandy loam and light loamy soil.
They like abundant watering. Mature plant in summer it draws about 250 liters of water from the soil per day. Large seedlings with an open root system are more difficult to take root. Some of them die, others may have their tops dry out.
Planting holes are filled with a mixture of garden soil, humus, sand and peat. In spring they add to the hole complex fertilizer, in the fall they use a phosphorus-potassium composition. Feeding required in early spring and early summer.
Nitrogen-containing fertilizers (mullein, urea and ammonium nitrate). As autumn feeding Nitroammophoska and Kemira-universal serve.
Abundant watering is necessary during planting and in the next 3-4 days. During hot and dry periods, the volume of water should be increased.
Loosening is required to control weeds and saturate the soil with oxygen; it is allowed to a depth of up to 3 cm.
Sowing of seeds is carried out immediately after collection or late autumn. Collect seeds during the period of browning of catkins.
Pests of dwarf birch - , and , .
To prevent and control pests, the shrub is treated annually with fungicides and insecticides.
In the North, dwarf birch is called “ernik”. This name comes from the Nenets word “nana”, which means “shrub”. In the harsh conditions of the tundra, this plant has developed its own strategy for successful existence: it moves forward under a layer of snow cape, thereby protecting itself from freezing and death. Therefore, birchberry grows as a spreading, branched bush, and not as a straight tree.
