Briefly about what types of wooden interior doors there are, how to choose them and what budget to expect. We consider only swing models and analyze the most basic points: design and type of canvas, filling method, type of cladding.
1.CABIN CONSTRUCTION
Panel door. The simplest and most common option. Doors of this type are assembled in a “sandwich” and consist of a frame (frame) made of timber, covered on both sides with panels made of MDF, plywood or fiberboard. There is filler inside, although the cheapest canvases may not have it.
Paneled door. The fabric is assembled from a strapping consisting of transverse and longitudinal beams. The remaining space is filled with inserts (panels), connecting them with glazing beads or a tongue-and-groove system. Solid wood, MDF, chipboard, glass, etc. are used as filler inserts.
2. TYPE OF CLOTH
Deaf. There are no glass or stained glass inserts on the door, which improves sound insulation. True, the blank canvas does not allow light to pass through. This is not always desirable for the kitchen or living room, but it is optimal for the bedroom and bathroom.
Glazed. The canvas contains inserts made of laminated glass of the triplex type (does not shatter into fragments if it is broken). Plus: light transmittance. Minus: the more glass, the worse the sound insulation.
3.FILLING
3.1.SOLID DOORS
It’s time to include solid wood models in the Red Book. This is a one-piece product for connoisseurs of the classics, who will not be intimidated by the price tag of 40,000 rubles for an oak canvas. Solid wood doors are not only expensive, but also capricious: wood “breathes” and swells. Warping can be 12% or more if the door is installed in a humid or hot and poorly air-conditioned room. All this leads to deterioration of the shutter; Over the years, the canvas may generally “outgrow” the opening.
Today, the technology for producing doors from laminated solid wood has been established - it is also called composite, spliced, engineered. The essence: the base is glued together from blocks of coniferous wood assembled according to the puzzle principle with different directions of fibers. The filling is made of wood and is solid, and this is already enough to call the door “solid”.
These canvases are cheaper (from 7,000 rubles for a set of solid pine) and, perhaps, do not cause such a wow effect as solid wood ones. At the same time, they are less sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature (multidirectional fibers compensate for wood deformation), although installing them in a bathroom or bathhouse is still not worth it. Sound insulation is almost at the level of solid doors: about 34 dBA. This is enough not to hear a conversation in calm tones from the next room.
Both solid wood and laminated solid wood doors, if properly handled, will last 20-30 years or longer.
[Suitable accessories]
Loops. Solid wood doors can weigh 40-50 kg. “Butterflies” don’t do this - choose mortise hinges, and always brass ones: they are more durable and move softer. The reference point is Palladium 500 (universal) or 613 (removable).
Pens. Consider the thickness of the canvas. If the door is thicker than 50 mm, check the length of the handle rod - what if it is too short? Also, the handle should be heavy - made of ZAM or brass, but not aluminum. You can explore models from our collections (Baroque and Renaissance) and (Modern).
Interior locks and latches. It is better to choose between mechanisms with a plastic and magnetic tongue - they are the quietest.
3.2. CARDBOARD (HOLLOW) INTERIOR DOORS
Cardboard doors account for up to 80% of all European products (if we take Russian products, then less). The canvas usually looks like this: a frame made of pine timber 30-35 x 40 mm, honeycomb filling (cellular corrugated cardboard or fiberboard) - and all this is hidden behind MDF or HDF sheathing (4-5 mm).
Doors with honeycomb filling rarely weigh more than 18 kg, are not afraid of changes in humidity and temperature and are therefore suitable for the bathroom and kitchen. The design can be anything (unlike an array, which always gravitates towards the classics). Sound insulation depends on the quality and size of the cells, sometimes reaching 22-25 dBA (you will hear a conversation outside, but you will not understand the words). The surface of the canvas is perfectly smooth, and the strength is sufficient to withstand a load of up to 80 kg (but it’s better not to check). average cost canvases Russian manufacturer– 2,500 rubles, service life – 5-7 years (longer with careful handling).
In addition to cardboard doors, there are also “dummy” doors with no filling at all. They are identified by a dull sound when knocked and a bargain price: up to 600 rubles per canvas without a box. Sound insulation is slightly above zero. There is also strength: if desired, a hollow door can be broken through by hand.
[Suitable accessories]
If the door is classic: overhead ones will also do, although mortise ones are always more reliable - you can look at our steel removable canopies (a set for one leaf will cost less than 300 rubles).
If it is “invisible” or in high-tech style: use hidden 3D hinges.
Optimally: pressure ones made of TsAM or aluminum. If necessary, you can meet 500 rubles per pair.
3.3. DOORS WITH THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF FILLING ARE ALSO COMMON
With continuous filling of MDF or chipboard. Cheaper than solid wood, but heavy, durable and with good sound insulation. Fittings are selected in the same way as for solid wood models.
With lattice (fine-hollow) filling from strips of MDF or chipboard, located “every other.” Roughly and generally speaking, this is a compromise option between solid and honeycomb filling. The rules for selecting accessories are generally the same as for hollow panels.
4.TYPES OF INTERIOR DOORS BY COATING TYPE
Laminated doors
The main advantage: the color and pattern can be any - be it wood or leather. The material also slightly enhances sound insulation. Everything else depends on quality. Cheap melamine coating, like those on doors that cost 1,000 rubles, is afraid of the sun, scratches and moisture, and if the edge is thin, it can be picked off with a fingernail. CPL laminate impregnated with resins is stronger, more stable, but also more expensive: on average, 7,000 rubles per sheet.
PVC doors
PVC film is an inexpensive and generally wear-resistant coating. Easily tolerates high humidity, exposure to steam and direct contact with water. But the quality of the imitation wood is depressing. It's a C: the colors are unnatural, the texture is a bit flat. The average cost of a PVC door is 2,500 rubles.
Eco-veneer doors
Eco-veneer is a polypropylene film, an improved and much more presentable version of PVC coating. The material is moisture-resistant, does not collect stains and is practically not damaged (but if it is damaged, there is no chance of restoration). It is applied without joints, perfectly imitates real veneer, without giving away its synthetic origin. A decent eco-veneer door can be found for 5,000 rubles.
Doors veneer
Thin section of valuable species. They cover the panel of the canvas with it - and the door looks as if it is made of solid wood. There are natural veneers (if the color is “oak”, then the cut is also from oak) and fine-line (cut from fast-growing species such as abacha and poplar, repainted to resemble other wood). Natural veneer is more expensive (from 6,000 rubles per sheet), stronger, but the pattern is unpredictable: if you buy several sheets, you will notice when comparing that they have a different tone and texture. “Fine Line” is cheaper (from 3,500 rubles), less durable (although it can be restored), but with a strictly specified pattern.
A veneered door is more suitable for residential premises. If you place it in the bathroom, varnish it in several layers and take care of ventilation in the room.
Enameled doors
Opaque polymer compositions, whose popularity skyrocketed when white doors came into fashion. Although it is in trend White color, the surface can be enameled in any shade of the RAL palette. The coating is not cheap: the most modest enameled sheets will cost at least 3,500 rubles.
Accessories for interior doors All types can be ordered from the official website. Product warranty is up to 12 years. We will deliver at your convenience: by courier or to your nearest pickup point. Delivery time – from 1 day.
Many apartment owners today install external armored and steel doors. It is necessary to choose the right external door, assessing not only the thickness of the metal in the door leaf, but also the characteristics of the filler. Good performance characteristics the doors are dependent on this. They need to be carefully researched to decide which door filler is right for your family.
Sectional door elements.
Why is the internal filling of the door structure necessary? The purpose of these structural elements consists of thermal and noise insulation of residential premises from the influence of the outside world. As a result of the use of filler materials, the degree of rigidity increases door leaf. The quality of the internal filler and the design capabilities are directly dependent external door carry out its main functions. To understand which filler is best to use to insulate an external door, you need to find out what their characteristics are. Which door filler is best to choose? This question is asked by all people who have to solve the problem of purchasing a metal door.
Section of a door with honeycomb filling.
Each apartment owner has his own priorities when arranging his home. For some, the price does not matter, for others, silence in the house is important, and so on. But it is extremely important that living in the house is safe for all family members. Therefore, this criterion must be taken into account first of all when choosing Construction Materials to solve the problem of insulating the external entrance opening.
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Characteristics of the main brands of mineral wool.
Previously, the uses of this fibrous material were limited to the defense industry. And only now they began to use it in construction.
Builders consider this superior fire-resistant filler to be one of the most effective materials for filling door leaf structures. But all this applies to mineral wool made from rocks.
Scheme steel door with rubber seal.
Mineral wool, which is obtained from blast furnace slag (slag wool), under unfavorable conditions of dampness, high or low temperature and various types deformations does not have the property of reliable durability.
Such mineral wool has a big drawback. Over time, this substance settles. This leads to the formation of voids in the cavity of the door structure. To avoid this, manufacturers install additional frame ribs that prevent the filler from sliding down.
Typically, its scope of application is country house construction, the construction of temporary structures and structures that can be easily subjected to repairs.
Main characteristics of corrugated box.
This is an inexpensive door insulation with excellent properties. It absorbs noise. The special design of this filler is similar to a “honeycomb”. It is a corrugated cardboard frame inside a metal door.
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But this insulation also has disadvantages. Since it is thick paper, high humidity has a detrimental effect on him. For this reason, the service life of such external door designs contract if their tightness is broken.
Characteristics of foam plastic.
But a serious drawback is its extreme flammability. It melts and burns very quickly. When burned, it releases very a large number of toxic combustion products and toxic smoke. Such parameters do not allow us to count foam plastic the best option for filling the outer door.
Basic layout of dispersed fillers.
This is a material that contains many bubbles. Therefore, it is lightweight and durable. The voids in the door space are filled tightly with this filler. Modern construction market offers two types of polyurethane: elastic and rigid. The latter has the greatest application.
In addition, being a synthetic material, polyurethane filler is highly flammable and emits toxic substances. This can be an argument against such material when deciding what filler to find for doors.
The frame is made of wood or MDF bars. The width of the frame bars must be no less than single - one and a half thickness of the canvas, but not more than 60 mm. At the locations of hinges and handles and other devices, the longitudinal parts of the frame must be increased in width due to additional installation bars with a width of at least 40 mm, a length of at least 250 mm and secured with staples or other means. When processing a door frame part, thickness tolerance is very important and should be reduced to a minimum. The canvas is assembled as follows: Main function of cell- fill the void between the skins and give rigidity to the canvas, eliminate local deflections of the skins on both sides of the canvas, while creating the flatness of the surfaces so necessary for further operations. Honeycombs, depending on the cell size and cardboard density, vary in rigidity. For doors, honeycombs with a cell size of 45 mm and a compressive strength along the thickness in the stretched state of at least 0.5 kg/cm2 (GOST 23233-78) are mainly used. According to the experience of honeycomb core manufacturers, it is preferable to use honeycombs with a cell size of 35 mm or less for doors. Sheathing - fibreboard, chipboard, MDF, etc. There are 2 pressing methods: hot and cold press. Hot press: Cold press: The finished canvas is processed until required sizes on a jointer or circular saw. The filling of the door leaf is its basis, the skeleton, which is directly involved in imparting a number of properties finished product, including: rigidity and durability of the structure, sound insulation, fire resistance, etc. One of the budget options for internal filling of doors is honeycomb filling, pressed cardboard that fills the void inside the door. Honeycomb is an ideal filler in terms of lightness and price. Thanks to the cellular “honeycomb” structure of the door leaf, the weight of the door is effectively reduced. As a result, the load on the hinges is reduced, and thus it is possible to avoid door sagging during the period of its operation. The average weight of doors with honeycomb filling in a solid design is a maximum of 17 kg. It is because of this that “cellular” doors have another name - lightweight doors (also used are interior construction doors, economy class interior doors, “dummies”). Honeycomb began to be actively used for interior doors in the middle of the last century, and today such filling of the internal space of the door is one of the most common. Honeycomb is used as the most economical option in inexpensive veneered or laminated doors. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to the strength of solid ones. Hollow filling is unacceptable for use in doors with increased requirements for operational load. They are not recommended to be used as input. But indoors (offices, apartments, etc.) is an acceptable option. It is appropriate to use them as temporary doors for completing construction projects, the so-called interior construction doors. The cladding of “honeycomb” doors is carried out with MDF panels, which are then laminated or veneered. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, with or without a rebate, etc. The door frame with honeycomb filling is made of coniferous species wood of furniture humidity (8 ± 2%), glued bars with different directions of fibers through a microtenon (a method of adhesive joining of parts when longitudinally merging wood fragments into an array). This is done in order to relieve stress in the wood and prevent bending of the door leaf (the stacked structure is less susceptible to deformation when temperature and humidity change). The width of the frame bars must be no less than single, one and a half thickness of the leaf (the thickness of the lightweight interior door leaf is usually no more than 40 mm), but not more than 60 mm. The frame of canvases with a width of 900 mm or more, as well as a height of more than 2000 mm (non-standard) must have additional vertical bars on both sides. Unglazed (solid) panels are made with only one outer frame. Glazed doors They also have an internal frame corresponding to the size of the glass being inserted. Where the lock is located, the longitudinal parts of the frame must be increased in width due to the additional installation of bars. Inside the lightweight door leaf there is a paper-honeycomb core (attached to the frame with staples). The main function of the honeycomb is to fill the void between the skins and give rigidity to the sheet, eliminating local deflections of the skins on both sides of the sheet, while creating flatness of the surfaces. Honeycombs, depending on the cell size and cardboard density, vary in rigidity. For doors, honeycombs with a cell size of 35 - 45 mm and a compressive strength along the thickness in the stretched state of at least 0.5 kg/cm2 are mainly used. According to the experience of honeycomb core manufacturers, it is preferable to use honeycombs with a cell size of 35 mm or less for doors. Two sheets of HDF (sheet thickness 4 mm) or MDF (6 mm) are glued onto the frame on both sides in a hot press, resulting in a single durable structure that is resistant to mechanical stress and changes in temperature and humidity. The “pie” made in this way is laminated with various finishing films or veneers of various species. Based on such canvases, simple smooth or more complex paneled versions of doors are made. The vertical ends of the canvas are finished with a PVC edge, which, unlike conventional melamine (paper) edges, has high strength and elasticity and does not peel off or break during use. Sharp corners After gluing, the edges are cut and ground on a machine, which eliminates the possibility of scuffing and peeling. It should be added that MDF interior doors can be made with a rebate (“quarter”, rebate) or without it. These terms are called design the ends of the door leaf, in which part of it covers (covers) part of the door frame. Sketches will help you understand the definition, one of which shows a door with a vestibule, the other without it. Very often the vestibule is called a “quarter”, since the thickness of the vestibule is equal to a quarter of the thickness of the door leaf. And since the milling cutter, making a rebate, cuts a rebate in the wood, another name was generated - doors with a rebate. Thus, a door with a quarter, a door with a rebate and a door with a rebate are three synonymous terms that mean one thing constructive solution, colloquially used in most cases in relation to interior doors. When complete with a corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf. A quarter ledge provides increased thermal insulation and sound insulation, and also hides inaccuracies in the installation of the door frame. It should be noted that the cost of an MDF interior door with a “quarter” is usually higher than its counterpart without a rebate. An integral component of any MDF interior door is moldings. Door moldings are several types of components: door frames, trims, extensions, strips and thresholds. They are selected in such a way as to match the material and style of the door leaf. It should be said that for lightweight interior doors, the simplest and therefore most affordable options for molded products are used. A door frame is an element of a door block for hanging a door leaf, which is fixedly fixed in the doorway. The basis for the door frame is dry lumber (moisture content - no more than 8±2%) and MDF. Box timber is made from dry lumber using the end-joint method. Glued blanks are profiled to a given size. MDF is cut to a given size at a cutting center. The MDF strip is glued with hot melt adhesive on automatic line cladding of molded products. The resulting “rough blank” is processed on four-sided planing machines, after which it is covered with finishing films or veneer. Extension is a universal expansion element. Used for decorating various depths doorways, made from MDF. The extensions are mounted in such a way as to fill the gap between the platband and the frame. After installing the extensions, plastering of the slopes is no longer necessary, which significantly reduces the cost of the installation process. The facings of the extensions are selected in such a way as to match the style (texture, color) of the entire structure. Platband - profile decorative strips used for framing doorway. They form a kind of frame that frames the doorway and closes the gaps between it and the wall. Cashing adds completeness to the interior and emphasizes the lines of the door. These molding elements for doors interior MDF economy class are made from MDF. They also come various types: figured, flat, telescopic, overhead and on veneer. Flat strips are the cheapest and it is they, as a rule, that are equipped with the MDF interior doors discussed in this article. Flashing (rebated strip) is a decorative part of the facade in the form of a strip, which is attached vertically along the edge of the canvas (outside or inside) with a projection that can partially overlap or behind the adjacent canvas. Installed on double doors, made from MDF. The shutter strip serves to hide the gaps between these two doors. As is the case with extensions and trim, it is matched to the color of the door set. The threshold is an additional element of the door frame, which is the bottom crossbar of the frame. When installing a threshold, additional heat and noise insulation is created. Made from MDF. The threshold is often used when installing interior construction doors as temporary input when completing construction projects. Advantages of lightweight doors: Disadvantages of lightweight doors:Technological process for manufacturing honeycomb doors
The door leaf consists of the following parts:
Door frame parts can be made glued in width and length. Gluing of wood along the width should be done on a smooth fugue in accordance with GOST 9330-76, and along the length - on jagged tenons in accordance with GOST 19414-74.
If a hot press is used to press the door leaf, you need to make channels in the form of holes or slots on the lower and upper bars of the frame to allow water evaporation from the glue to escape. Without channels, the canvas can become deformed from hot, damp vapors.
We stretch the honeycomb core according to the dimensions of the door leaf frame, install it in the frame and fasten it with staples to the frame. The honeycomb paper filler should be 0.3 - 0.6 mm thicker than the frame frame to achieve better sizing.
Sheathing parts are prepared 5 mm wider than the dimensions of the frame frame in the amount of 2 pieces.
The gluing assembly is as follows:
We apply hot-curing resins or PVA glue to the frame of the door leaf with honeycomb core. The most commonly used hot-curing resin is KF, since it is convenient to use and requires more low pressure press and is also a cheap material. The frame is laid on the skin, the second skin is laid on top and placed in the press. The press is set to a pressure that creates a force on the surface of the pressed product that is slightly greater than the compressive strength of the honeycomb used.
Greatest advantage This pressing method is speed.
average temperature about 90°, so the drying speed is 6 minutes or less. In this case, the channels must be in both the frame and the cells. Each millimeter of sheathing thickness requires approximately 1 minute
Drying speed ranges from 30 minutes to 2.5 hours.Door block design
As for the fittings, it should be added here that there are MDF interior doors with factory-installed fittings already embedded, and there are also those without inserts. In mortise doors, both the lock and hinges are already connected to the door block, and the customer does not have to waste effort installing them. This option is much easier to use, since assembling a finished box and placing it in the opening is much easier than carrying out all the insertion operations yourself. Independent unprofessional insertion of fittings is fraught with damage to the finish, the appearance of scratches, chips on the surface, and even more serious design defects. Doors with embedded fittings are correspondingly more expensive than their counterparts without inserts.Advantages and disadvantages
