Primorsky Krai is an amazingly picturesque and simply unique place in the Russian Far East. Nature lovers will find here beautiful hills, the coast of the ice-free Sea of Japan, a fascinating underwater world, the unique Ussuri taiga, the mountain slopes of Sikhote-Alin, and nature reserves. And extreme sports enthusiasts will certainly enjoy river rafting and convenient ski slopes, sailing and windsurfing.
Primorye occupies the most extreme part of southeast Russia. By land it borders with Khabarovsk Territory, China and North Korea, and in the east and south it is washed by the Sea of Japan. The Primorsky Territory, in addition to the mainland, includes numerous islands.
Among all the diversity of ecotourism in Primorye, marine tourism is the most developed. These include sea cruises, active recreation on the coast and islands, and, of course, diving. In addition, here you can engage in adventure, sports and hunting, fishing (amateur underwater fishing, fishing and photo hunting), recreational, as well as extreme (equestrian, caving, surfing, parachuting, paragliding, kiting, alpine skiing, snowboarding) tourism.
Large cities of the region are Nakhodka, Ussuriysk, Artem, Arsenyev, Spassk-Dalniy, Partizansk, Dalnegorsk, Lesozavodsk, Bolshoi Kamen, Dalnerechensk, Fokino.
Population - about 2.1 million people. Time difference with Moscow: 7 hours ahead of Moscow.
Winter in Primorsky Krai is long, with low temperatures. In the central and northern regions of the region it lasts 4-5 months, in the southwest 3-3.5 months. The weather in winter is mostly clear and sunny. The first snow appears on the peaks of Sikhote-Alin already in early October. average temperature January from +12.5 °C to -23.9 °C.
Spring in Primorye is cold and lasts 2-3 months. The average temperature in April is +3...+5 °C. Frosts in the foothills and mountains of Sikhote-Alin may last until mid-June, and on the Khanka Plain - until the first half of May.
Summer is warm, and in areas far from the sea it is even hot, but damp. The warmest month in continental areas is July, on the coast - August. Autumn is warm and dry. The air temperature is dropping slowly. Warmth lasts especially long in coastal areas, where autumn is the most best time of the year.
The Primorsky Territory has a number of specific climate features: monsoonal nature associated with frequent typhoons; high air humidity; a large number of days from strong winds, fogs; short duration of stable snow cover in the southern and foothill regions.
Widespread in Primorye blood-sucking insects, as well as carriers of a number of dangerous natural focal diseases.
In the bays and bays of the Sea of Japan during the period swimming season often appears in large quantities poisonous jellyfish (cross).
The best resort region of Primorye - South coast and the islands of Peter the Great Bay. This area has optimal natural characteristics and picturesque landscapes. The shores are heavily indented, but there are many wide sandy beaches and forest areas on the adjacent terraces and slopes.
Excellent places for tourism and recreation are located in the foothill areas of the right-bank tributaries of the Ussuri, the central and northern parts of the Sikhote-Alin. Ancient extinct volcanoes are also of constant interest, especially the Baranovsky volcano (Razdolnaya River) and the volcanoes located on Cape Povorotny and Cape Olympiada.
Primorsky Krai also has unique opportunities for organizing medical and health-improving types of tourism.
Primorsky Krai also has unique opportunities for organizing medical and health-improving types of tourism. There is not just an impressive supply of natural healing and health resources, rich deposits mineral waters and healing mud, but also unique springs, which have no analogues anywhere else in the world.
There are more than 3 thousand lakes in the Primorsky Territory. Khanka is the largest. There are also several small lakes with an area of 0.2 to 3.3 square meters. km are located in the south of the region, in the Khasansky district. The salt lake Talmi is also located here.
On the territory of Primorye there are more than 2 thousand archaeological and historical monuments of great cultural significance. About 900 of them belong to the era of the primitive communal system (Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements) and to the Middle Ages (the first state entities- Bohai, Jurchen states).
There are more than 2 thousand archaeological and historical monuments on the territory of Primorye.
Interesting areas of the Posyet Bay basin (about 120 monuments), the vicinity of the village. Chernigovka (about 180 monuments), as well as the valley of the Razdolnaya River, the upper reaches of the Ussuri, the Ilistaya River basin, and certain sections of the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Here they hunt elk, wapiti, wild boar, roe deer, sika deer, brown bear; of small animals - brown hare, white hare, Manchurian hare, badger, fox; from field game - pheasant; from waterfowl - geese, ducks and waders. In addition, there is commercial hunting for fur-bearing animals - wolf, sable, squirrel, mink, otter, raccoon dog and muskrat.
The greatest interest is in hunting for male red deer during the roar and on salt licks. The most productive lands are located in Chuguevsky, Olginsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Terneysky and Pozharsky districts. Hunting for roe deer opens only in the autumn-winter period.
The greatest interest is in hunting for male red deer during the roar and on salt licks.
In addition, the largest subspecies of wild boar lives in the Primorsky Territory. Approach hunting is often done in feeding areas, as well as very exciting hunting with dogs. Wild boar habitats: Anuchinsky, Partizansky, Lazovsky, Olginsky, Chuguevsky, Krasnoarmeysky and Pozharsky districts.
Sika deer are searched for in the Khasansky, Nadezhdinsky, Ussuriysky and Shkotovsky districts. Elk live only in remote and hard to reach places Krasnoarmeysky, Pozharsky and Terneysky districts.
The brown bear's habitat includes the territories of Anuchinsky, Chuguevsky, Olginsky, Dalnerechensky, Krasnoarmeysky, Terneysky and Pozharsky districts. Of the traditional types of bear hunting, hunting from the approach and in dens is considered the most successful.
Waterfowl hunting is open for only 10 days in the spring and for 2 months in the fall. Pheasant hunting - in the fall for 20 days.
In terms of fish species diversity, the Sea of Japan ranks first among all Russian seas: there are about 900 species, of which 179 are commercial. There are up to 100 species of fish in lakes and rivers.
Traditionally, marine fish are caught: smelt, rudd, cod, navaga, brown greenling, flounder, and Pacific herring. In the Khasansky region, in the shallow sea waters, rudd, greenling, and flounder are well caught, and in small mountain streams and rivulets - lenok, dolly malma, kunja, parsley, minnow, crucian carp, and snakehead.
There is also a good catch in the Kavalerovsky and Olginsky districts: flounder, nelma, cod, greenling, herring, smelt, grayling, lenok, sawngas, taimen, masu, pink salmon, chum salmon, parsley, dolly malma, kunja, navaga, char, rudd, crucian carp, pike , catfish And in the Shkotovsky district: Dolly Varden, pestle, lenok, minnow, gudgeon.
In Lesozavodsky and Kirovsky districts, crucian carp, pike, grayling, carp, lenok, and taimen are common. In the rivers and lakes of the Pozharsky, Krasnoarmeysky and Dalnerechensky districts, grayling, lenok, taimen, carp, pike, catfish, burbot, guar, and crucian carp are biting well. In the Khanka basin there are pike perch, yellowjacket, Chinese perch, crucian carp, topgazer, catfish, killer whale, carp, pike, grayling, lenok, taimen, and Dolly Varden.
The most widespread, especially in southern Primorye, and the longest-lasting activity is ice fishing. It runs from late November to early April. On the first ice, fish are caught at river mouths and in shallow water in sea bays.
The most popular fishing spots in Peter the Great Bay: Posyet, Slavyansky, Amursky, Sukhodol bays and the bays of the Russky and Popov Islands, as well as Muravyinaya Bay of the Ussuri Bay.
The Day of Education of the Primorsky Territory is celebrated today, October 20.
October 20, 1938 by decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR Far Eastern Territory was divided into Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions. On this day 78 years ago, Primorsky Krai received its modern name and acquired its current administrative-territorial status.
Initially, the Primorsky Territory included the Primorsky and Ussuri regions. Today Primorye consists of 12 urban districts and 22 municipal districts, with a total of 659 settlements.
The year of the founding of the Primorsky Territory left a mark on its history with the famous Khasan events - an armed border conflict in the area of Lake Khasan and the Tumannaya River. The newly created region passed the first test successfully.
IN modern history Due to its geopolitical position, Russia’s Primorye Territory has a special role – to become a gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. The federal law about the Free Port of Vladivostok marked the beginning of a new era, and partly the return of the old one, when the port of Vladivostok had the status of a free port and was the largest sea harbor in the region
In 1940, the population of the Primorsky Territory already reached 939 thousand people.
In 1941, Primorsky Krai, together with the whole country, rose up to fight against Nazi Germany, becoming a closed fortified naval base Pacific Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War Primorye played a huge role in ensuring Soviet troops, transporting the lion's share of cargo under Lend-Lease.
On September 2, 1945, it was here, in Primorye, that the Second World War ended.
In the post-war years, the region became the most industrially developed area Far East, a large industrial and agricultural center with a predominantly raw material specialization.
In the 50s of the 20th century, rapid housing construction began in Primorye. Nikita Khrushchev, the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, who visited the region in 1953, ordered that Vladivostok be made “a better city than San Francisco.”
Industries such as fishing, forestry, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining and chemical and mechanical engineering were given national importance. The electric power industry, as well as the construction, fuel, light and food industries, developed.
Since the beginning of the 60s, new industries for the region began to be created: chemical, electrical, instrumental, and instrument making. Mining and metallurgical enterprises were built. By the beginning of the 70s, Primorye had more than 300 of its own industrial production. The share of Primorye in export supplies of products from Far Eastern enterprises, which were in demand in more than 50 countries around the world, amounted to 50%.
By the end of the 70s, the population of the Primorsky Territory reached almost 2 million people.
In 1992, a significant event for the history of the region took place - Vladivostok again became open to foreign citizens.
In the modern history of Russia, the Primorsky Territory, due to its geopolitical position, has been assigned a special role - to become the gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. The Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok marked the beginning of a new era, and partly the return of the old one, when the port of Vladivostok had the status of a free port and was the largest sea harbor in the region.
The eastern vector of Russia’s development outlined by the country’s leadership is embodied in large-scale and significant projects, implemented in the Primorsky Territory.
The territory of Primorye became part of Russia in the mid-19th century. In 1856, the Primorsky region was formed here, and Vladivostok was founded in 1860. Soviet power in Primorye was established in November 1917. In 1918, power in the region passed into the hands of the White Guards under the command of Admiral Kolchak, and US and Japanese troops landed in Vladivostok. In the spring of 1920, the Red Army approached the border of the Primorsky Territory. In order to avoid a military clash between Russia and Japan, the Far Eastern Republic was created here, which was under the control of the Bolsheviks. In 1922, this republic became part of Soviet Russia. In 1938, the Primorsky Territory was formed with its center in Vladivostok.
The Vladivostok area was explored by Russian navigators in the 50s. 19th century In 1860, on the shore of the deep-water and wind-protected Zolotoy Rog Bay, a military post was founded by the crew of the Russian sailing ship "Manchurian", called "Vladivostok". In 1871, the main base of the Siberian military flotilla was transferred to Vladivostok from Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. The development of shipbuilding and other industries was accompanied by the strengthening of Vladivostok as an administrative center. A permanent steamship line connected Vladivostok with St. Petersburg and Odessa in 1879. In 1880, Vladivostok (with the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) was allocated as a special “military governorate” and recognized as a city. Since 1888 the center of the Primorsky region. Built in 1897 Railway Khabarovsk - Vladivostok, in 1903, direct railway communication with Moscow along the Great Siberian Railway opened. In the 80-90s. 19th century Vladivostok gradually turned into a place of concentration of Russian culture in the Far East. Vladivostok was the organizational center of the expeditions of Russian travelers and scientists N.M. Przhevalsky, S.O. Makarova, V.K. Arsenyeva, V.L. Komarov (later president of the USSR Academy of Sciences) and others. In 1899, the Oriental Institute was opened in Vladivostok. After establishing Soviet power In 1917, governments changed several times in the city, military landings of Japanese, American and British troops landed. In 1920-22, Vladivostok was the center of the Far Eastern Republic. Since 1922 as part of the RSFSR. Since 1938 the center of the Primorsky Territory.
Primorsky Krai is formed October 20, 1938 The territory of the region is 165.9 thousand sq. km ( forests -78.5%; water - 2.6%; farmland - 9.9%; - other - 9.0%) and includes 10 cities, 2 closed administrative-territorial entities, 24 districts, 31 urban-type settlements, 615 rural settlements (data as of 01/01/05).
The permanent population of the region is 2035.8 thousand people. (male – 980.4 thousand people, female – 1055.4 thousand people), incl. urban – 1534.0, rural – 501.8 (01/01/05). According to the latest data as of January 1, 2006, the population of Primorsky Krai is 2019 thousand people .
Population density - 12.3 people . per 1 sq. km
The region is located in the southeastern part of the Russian Far East. In the west, the region borders on the People's Republic of China, in the southwest - on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, in the north - on the Khabarovsk Territory. Eastern and southern borders is the Sea of Japan. The border with China covers 1162 km.
Administrative center -
Vladivostok,
founded in 1860, population - 610.2 thousand people
Population of cities in Primorsky Krai:
Arsenyev city - founded in 1902, population - 60.6 thousand people
Artem
– founded in 1924, population – 111.5 thousand people.
Dalnegorsk
– founded in 1889, population – 49.4 thousand people
Dalnerechensk
– founded in 1894, population – 33.6 thousand people.
Lesozavodsk
– founded in 1894, population - 42.2 thousand people
Nakhodka
– founded in 1950, population – 174.6 thousand people
Partizansk
– founded in 1896, population – 51.5 thousand people
Spassk-Dalniy
– founded in 1885, population – 47.8 thousand people
Ussuriysk
– founded in 1866, population – 156.0 thousand people
More than 120 nationalities live on the territory of the Primorsky Territory, the most numerous of them:
Russians – 1861808
Ukrainians – 94058
Koreans – 17899
Tatars – 14549
Belarusians – 11627
Armenians – 5641
Azerbaijanis – 4411
Mordva – 4307
Chinese – 3840
Germans - 3578
Chuvash – 3287
Moldovans – 2288
Bashkirs – 2101
Uzbeks – 1634
Kazakhs – 1296
Mari – 1151
Udmurts – 1130
Poles – 1060
Jews – 1059
The indigenous population of Primorsky Krai is represented by Nanai, Udege, Orochi, Tazy etc. The largest number are Udege - 918 people, Nanais - 417 people, Taz - 256 people. Main compact places inhabited by indigenous peoples are Krasnoarmeysky, Lazovsky, Olginsky, Pozharsky and Terneysky districts.
In the Primorsky Territory, 7 national and cultural autonomies are officially registered: 3 Korean, 2 Ukrainian, 1 German, 1 Jewish.
General economic characteristics of the territory
Primorsky Krai is an industrial and agricultural region.
Main industries:
fish
mining
mechanical engineering and metalworking
food
fuel and energy
woodworking
trade
construction
Main industry Agriculture: crop production – soybeans, buckwheat, rice, potatoes are grown; livestock farming – cattle breeding, poultry farming, pig farming.
The territory of Primorsky Krai is subsidized. Volume of subsidies from federal budget for 2006 it is provided in the amount of 8 billion 409 million rubles. Works Targeted support program for the Primorsky Territory “Economic and social development Far East and Transbaikalia for 1996-2005. and until 2010.”
The average per capita cash income per resident of the Primorsky Territory is 8280 rubles, the average monthly accrued wage is 10,530 rubles. (according to data as of 10/01/06).
