White filling is one of the most famous varieties apples among domestic agronomists. The variety belongs to early ripening, the first harvest can be harvested quite early, at a time when its relatives are just forming their fruits. Ripe apples - juicy and soft, exude an incredible aroma. Can be consumed fresh or canned in sugar syrup.
The appearance of the variety is associated with folk selection. Legends say that the culture was bred in the Baltic countries, and soon spread throughout Europe. However, there are people who are convinced that the White filling variety is an old Russian variety.
AT different regions Russian variety has various titles. For example, it is often called Bel, Pudovshchina and Dolgostebelka. He is one of the first to mature.
Description of the apple tree White filling:
Apple tree White filling
Chemical composition and calorie content of fruits:
Note! The calorie content of the product is 46.73 kcal per 100 g.
The ancient variety of White filling has come a long way of adaptation, therefore it is able to adapt to almost all environmental conditions. The plant can survive in almost any type of soil.
The best time for planting young seedlings is the beginning of May. It is recommended to plant the tree away from buildings that create shade. It is necessary that there are no mature trees nearby with a powerful root system that will absorb everything nutrients and moisture. The intervals between the crowns of trees should be at least 4 meters.
A culture grows on any land, but medium and fertile soils will most favorably affect the growth and development of a tree. Clay earth is also to the liking of the White Bulk.
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It is necessary to plant a seedling in a hole measuring 45 by 45 cm. A bucket of humus must be evenly distributed along the bottom. A few centimeters of soil should be poured over the organic fertilizer. The seedling is carefully placed in the center of the embankment, and the root system is laid out so that it spreads evenly along the slope.
Holding the young tree in this position, the pit needs to be covered with soil and tamped a little.
Important! The root neck should be located above the ground.
After planting, the plant should be watered abundantly - at least 10-20 liters of warm water should fall on each tree.
The plant is unpretentious in care. The one who knows general rules looking after apple orchard, understand quickly and easily.
Consider the basic rules of agricultural technology:
An adult fruiting apple tree must be fertilized in stages:
Apple tree White filling has a number of advantages and therefore is so in demand among ordinary gardeners.
Bloom
Consider the main advantages:
In spite of a large number of advantages, do not forget about the disadvantages. Unfortunately, you can't do without them. This list includes:
apple tree amazing interesting variety White filling - unpretentious plant, which provides the gardener with tasty and fragrant fruits, which contain shock concentration useful properties. Given that it is not too difficult to care for, even novice gardeners can plant it on their own. suburban area getting excellent yields.
White filling is a summer early-ripening variety. Medium sized apple trees. The crown of young trees is pyramidal, becoming round over the years. The bark of apple trees is light gray in color, with a characteristic roughness. Young trees may be smooth. The leaves are gray-green, ovoid, medium in size, dull and slightly hairy on the underside. The flowers are large, which greatly improves pollination. The fruits are greenish white color, medium size.
The variety has been cultivated for a long time and is widely distributed in the Central part of Russia and the Volga region.
The first description of White Bulk appeared in 1848 in the book "Rules of Fruit Growing" by N. A. Krasnoglazov, a Moscow gardener-practitioner.
In the second half of the 19th century, the Papirovka variety appeared in the western regions of Russia. By properties and appearance White Pouring and Papirovka are very similar. For this reason, some scientists began to combine these two varieties into one in their descriptions. And until now, representatives of various breeding schools cannot come to a consensus on this issue. In the State Register of the Russian Federation, varieties are described separately.
VNIISPK (All-Russian Research Institute of Selection fruit crops) considers White Bulk and Papirovka as synonyms.
White filling gives fruits with a certain cyclicity. Moreover, it is impossible to guess in advance how often a tree will produce a crop. Experienced gardeners often plant several trees of white filling, in the hope that their cycles will not coincide and there will be apples in the garden every year.
Possible reasons for the lack of harvest:
Another common nuisance is apples falling off the tree.. This problem can also have several causes:
It is recommended to choose seedlings of white filling in seedling centers or nurseries. When choosing, be sure to pay attention to the roots: they must be healthy and strong, without thickening and sagging, mechanical damage, moldy areas.
Seedlings with a height of at least 1.5 meters are ideal, with a straight trunk, five skeletal branches and a healthy, strong root collar. Too high seedlings are also not recommended to take, with high probability such trees will take root poorly and will often get sick.
The roots of the seedling are carefully rewound with a wet rag and placed in a plastic bag. You can prepare a very wet substrate. The branches are slightly tied.
If planting is not planned immediately, but after a few days or weeks, leave the seedling in a bag with wet soil or dig in.
The most suitable time for planting white filling is the beginning of May. By this time, the earth should be warm enough. Spring plantings are especially recommended for young specimens under the age of two years. More mature trees are rooted in autumn, in early October. The roots of seedlings are left in water for a day before planting. During planting, water the soil abundantly with water until it stops absorbing moisture.
An important factor is the choice of landing site.:
In a month, you can land:
Transplanting a tree after planting in open ground carried out only when absolutely necessary.
At spring planting seedling the crown is formed before disembarkation or immediately after it. If planted in autumn, then the first formative pruning is carried out next spring:
The first 3 - 4 years after planting, a crown is formed near the tree. During this period, formative pruning should be carried out. For white filling, a sparse-tiered crown is recommended. The number of tiers is 2 or 3. The crown should be formed from 5-6 skeletal branches extending from the trunk at an angle of 60-70 degrees. Branches that depart at a smaller angle are bent with a load or twine.
The application of fertilizers for the White filling variety is carried out according to standard scheme for apple trees. During spring digging, organic fertilizer(humus / compost). Norm: 5-7 kg per 1 square. m.
Mineral fertilizers are applied every year:
In winter, rodents can feast on the bark of white filling.. To protect against them, gardeners usually wrap the trunk of a tree with roofing paper. Instead of roofing, you can use burlap, a dense mesh, or treat the bark with compounds that repel rodents.
Young trees are especially in need of care: if their bark is damaged in winter, they are highly likely to die. Spruce branches are often used to protect against the cold. To protect the roots of trees up to 5 years old, trunk circles are mulched with manure. If the winter is not snowy, the trunk is spud up to about 20 cm.
White filling is not distinguished by high immunity. From insects it is worth being wary of aphids and leafworms. Also, this variety lacks immunity from scab. This misfortune especially actively affects thickened and unthinned trees. Wet weather also contributes to scab. In this regard, apple trees need preventive treatment:
White filling has many advantages that make it attractive to gardeners for many years:
Even a number of shortcomings do not interfere with its popularity:
Landing: in order for the White Filling Apple Tree to grow well, the soil must be well prepared before planting, free from weeds, especially perennials, rich nutrients(chernozem or any healthy humus-rich dark meadow/garden soil). Recommended for improvement physical and chemical composition soil replowing with green manure or adding compost. The pits should be approximately 60 cm in diameter and a depth of 30 cm, the size dictates the size of the seedling. We transfer the plant from the temporary container without destroying the earthen clod (if the plant has a bare root system, then we pour an earthen mound on the bottom of the hole and distribute the moistened roots down along it). We fall asleep with fertile soil, slightly trample. There is no need to buy special substrates. The more fertile layer, the less min. fertilizers. We make a trunk circle with a roller for natural rainwater collection and pour it abundantly in several parishes. All varieties of apple trees in our online store are produced in Ukraine, are frost-resistant and do not require any shelter for the winter, except for the obligatory protection of the bark from hares to a height of 120 cm.
Ukraine is traditionally the largest producer of fruit trees in Eastern Europe, so you can be 95% sure that a seedling bought in Ukraine is guaranteed frost-resistant. Our garden center does not sell imported fruits. If you have purchased imported varieties of fruit trees imported from Europe (zone 6-9), then they must be protected before the onset of the first frost. A small tubercle of soil or mulch is poured around the root neck, which will need to be opened in the spring, but in winter it will protect the neck and the grafting site from freezing. The plant responds well to fertilization. All plants purchased in the PROXIMA nursery are provided with prolonged fertilizers with the latest formulas from the best European manufacturers and can be sold in your garden center without additional fertilizing throughout the year. But greatest advantage buying plants in a container is that they can be planted without additional fertilizers from March to December - even in the heat of summer.
Watering: it is necessary to regularly water the still infertile White Filling Apple Tree, preventing the land from drying out - about 5 times per season during dry periods, 3-5pcs (10l) buckets per tree. The lack of moisture will affect the growth of shoots, respectively, and the future harvest. Starting from the end of July, watering stops so that the apple tree prepares for winter. The norms for the number of buckets for fruit-bearing trees are the same, but watering should be done at the following stages: during flowering, before the formation of ovaries in June, 2 or 3 weeks before the full ripening of apples. With a close occurrence of groundwater, irrigation rates are adjusted.
Pruning: the next year after planting, before the start of the growing season, it is necessary to perform a formative pruning (too dense crown and branches frozen over the winter require regular and timely thinning), but when pruning, be careful not to remove branches with fruit formations. Otherwise, the volume of the future harvest will be significantly reduced. We cut trees without branches 20 cm above the planned branching. In branched trees, we shorten the conductor, and the branches located too low are removed entirely.
Diseases: The White Bulk variety is resistant to brown spot, needs protection against scab and powdery mildew of the apple tree, it affects the leaves, stems and buds of the plant.
Fertilizer / care: Planted trees should be fed immediately mineral fertilizers. The first portion of nitrogen is introduced in the first year in mid-May. The second - in the middle of June. Due to this, powerful growths necessary for the formation of the crown are formed already before autumn. If the growth of seedlings in the first year is too intense, the next year nitrogen fertilizer we limit, leaving only the May application, but already at the beginning of the month. To provoke fruiting, in the third and fourth year, nitrogen fertilizer is minimized. The good development of trees and shrubs, especially on light soils, is facilitated by mulching with humus or compost.
Protection: without chemical protection, high-quality plant growth in the first years of life is practically impossible. In the phase of bud break(green cone "bear ears") to protect against apple beetle, kidney weevils, the wintering stage of pathogens such as scab, powdery mildew and fruit rot, use tank mixtures of preparations Aktara + Horus. The next spraying is carried out with a mixture of Engio + Horus preparations in the budding phase - a rose bud. This treatment protects trees from apple beetles, leafworms, winter moths, aphids, suckers and against a complex of pathogens: scab, powdery mildew, alternariosis, fruit rot. In the Steppe zone in Ukraine, Thiovit Jet is added to tank mixtures to combat fruit mites. In the phase of falling petals- after flowering, for the simultaneous control of the apple sawfly, leafworm (in particular, the codling moth), wandering larvae of the California scale insect, aphids, suckers, moths, with diseases (for example, scab, powdery mildew, alternariosis), tank mixtures of Aktara or Engio® + preparations are used Match® or Probrand® and add Speed®. During long rainy periods and with heavy dew, Horus is added. Approximate timing of the fight against the first generation of apple codling moth - the beginning of flowering of white acacia or after the end of flowering late varieties apple trees. Spraying against caterpillars of the next generations of codling moth falls on the 30-35th day after the previous one. Varieties susceptible to powdery mildew are sprayed with a mixture of Aktara® + Prokleim® and Topaz, and if there is a threat of scab development, Horus is added. Soil pests: today in Ukraine there is no more dangerous soil pest than the cockchafer (Russian - cockchafer).
From mid-April, when we see the first flying beetle, we URGENTLY treat the crown with Aktara or any of the numerous preparations based on imidacloprid, for example: Prestige (Bayer), Antikhrushch, while part of the solution must necessarily fall on the trunk (10 cm above the ground) and the root neck and not spill to the side. Similar treatments are repeated every 40-50 days of the growing season. We spill it into the soil according to the instructions, Aktara is also effective. Processing along the crown and gravy along the root neck into the ground from the end of April to September 1 time in 40-60 days. It is better to carry out preventive treatments once a month than to treat when the pest multiplies and “eats up” the plant. An example is the war of gardeners and Ukrainians with Colorado beetles, which, like their human “cotton” namesakes - “Colorados”, are very dangerous and gluttonous. Both the first and second should be promptly destroyed.
Weed protection: in the period before or after flowering, the herbicide Hurricane Forte, Roundup is used to destroy annual and perennial weeds. The drug is applied under the condition of protecting the culture. The best application period for broad-leaved weeds is from the phase of 2 true leaves to the flowering phase, annual cereals - the 2-3 leaf phase, perennial cereals - at a height of 10-12 cm. All of these preparations are mixed without restrictions and without the risk of reducing effectiveness. The consumption rate of the working solution: a young tree - 1 l, a middle-aged tree - 2 l, a tree with a large crown - more than 3 l. All materials used for the convenience of the user of one company - Syngenta.
Traditionally, it is considered that the variety of apple trees of folk selection White filling (or Papirovka) can be grown only in the North-Western and Central regions, but the active development of amateur gardening in Siberia has made this variety popular in Western Siberia, Altai and the Urals.
Apple trees of this variety deserve love for stable big harvests, early fruit ripening and high winter hardiness. Breeders like to use Bely filling apple trees in their work; there are more than 20 varieties obtained with his participation, including many varieties of apple trees of Altai selection.
In the article:
White filling is a summer popular variety of apple trees. The ripening time of the crop largely depends on the climatic zone: in the southern regions - mid-July, in the middle lane - mid-August, in the gardens of Siberia - the second half of August. The variety is not afraid of low temperatures, has good winter hardiness.
Medium sized trees maximum height- 5 meters. The crown of a young tree is pyramidal, while an adult tree is rounded. The light gray bark of young trees is smooth, while that of older trees is rough. The leaves are medium, elliptical, pubescent. White or white-pink flowers are collected in large inflorescences.
Apples are formed on annuli, covered with white skin with a slight green tint; fruits hanging on a tree from the south side by the time of ripening have a light, light pink blush. The fruits are round-conical, large.
The average weight of apples on young trees is 150 g, on old trees no more than 60 g, since the apples become smaller as the tree grows older. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, white in color, tastes sweet, moderately sour with a delicate and pleasant aroma.
Apple trees come into fruition 5 years after planting. With good agricultural technology, the yield is high, one tree produces about 200 kg of fruits per season, as the apple tree ages, its yield gradually decreases.
Picked, ripe apples are stored for no more than three weeks, the fruits do not tolerate transportation well, dents appear on them and brown spots. During storage, the pulp becomes loose, not juicy, it is necessary to process apples immediately after harvesting.
In relation to pests and diseases, the variety has average indicators, as it often suffers from scab. Loss of presentation in transit and short shelf life are not beneficial for commercial horticulture. It is good to have this variety in your summer cottage to provide the family with early apples.
Pollinators: Antonovka, Medunitsa, Ottawa, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Aroma de Vare, Mantet are very suitable as neighbors. The variety itself is not capable of pollination. If there are no other apple trees next to it, there will be few fruits, and their size will disappoint.
The variety has a number of advantages that make it relevant among amateur gardeners for many years:
The disadvantages that apple trees of this variety have do not interfere with the popularity:
An apple tree of the White Filling variety will live in the garden for a long time and bear fruit well, if a new one is planted fruit tree get serious:
The best option for planting is a two-year-old seedling grafted onto a regular stock. A one-year-old is also suitable, its height should not be less than 0.5 m. Seedlings with a closed root system take root easily, practically do not get sick. When buying, you need to check whether he grew up in this pot or planted there before selling. It is easy to detect deception - you just need to pull the barrel. If the seedling grew in this pot, it is not easy to stretch it, but if it is planted right before the sale, then it stretches easily. Signs of a healthy seedling with an open root system - a good root system:
You need to know that the maximum planting time for seedlings with an open root structure is two weeks. It is worth purchasing seedlings immediately before planting them in a permanent place in the garden.
Clay soils are not suitable for White filling. But if there is no choice and you will have to plant an apple tree in clay soil, then you need to add sand to the soil for backfilling, in addition to fertilizers. This will greatly improve its structure. On acidic soil, White pouring takes root poorly, the soil should be deoxidized. It has been proven that White filling grows best on loam.
On loamy soil, the apple tree grows well even if it is not fertilized. AT acidic soils you need to add saltpeter, this will help reduce its acidity. It should be noted that the distance from the fence to the landing pit is at least 2.5 meters.
In the southern regions with warm winters and long summer White filling can be planted in autumn and in the middle lane with snowy winters too. And in other cases, White filling should be planted in the spring. When planting in the spring, plant a seedling until the buds have blossomed on it, and the apple tree has not begun to grow, and in the fall, at the time when there is a mass fall of the leaves.
At any time of planting, planting pits are best prepared in the fall. Spread fertilizer evenly on the selected area, the numbers are given per square meter:
Dig up the earth along with fertilizers. They will go down when digging. The dimensions of the pit on fertilized soil are 60 cm * 60 cm, on soil without fertilization for digging - 80 cm * 100 cm. The bottom of the pit must be dug up. Add 2 buckets of humus, 50 g of potash fertilizers, 100 g of superphosphate to the earth taken out of the pit. Additionally, if the soil is poor, add 50 g to everything else. ammonium nitrate. Pour the soil filled with fertilizers in a slide to the bottom of the pit. landing pit ready to land.
Caring for an apple tree White filling is standard. In the early years, formative pruning is very important. The branches are young, no more than 1.5 centimeters thick, can be cut with a pruner, thicker ones with a hacksaw. Formative pruning promotes the growth of new shoots, provides the desired shape of the crown, eliminates its thickening.
To get a rounded crown, you need to cut the branches growing under acute angle to the center conductor. Cut them without leaving stumps, cover the cut with garden pitch. Those branches that grow correctly, shorten by a third bud.
When shortening to the outer bud, the new shoot grows away from the central conductor, cutting off to the inner bud, and the new shoot is directed vertically. In mature apple trees, damaged and diseased branches are removed. Sanitary pruning should be carried out until the buds swell, the movement of juice does not begin, and the tree suffers less.
Fertilizers are needed throughout the life of an apple tree, especially on depleted lands. Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers promote the growth of the root system, accelerate fruiting. Start fertilizing as early as a year after planting. Feed with urea in spring. For one young tree, one bucket of water and two tablespoons of urea is enough. In autumn, feed with superphosphate, the proportion is the same - a bucket of water and two tablespoons of fertilizer.
From early spring to October, the apple tree needs watering. During the formation of ovaries and fruits, they should be carried out more often and be more plentiful. After harvesting the fruits, they are reduced, the last watering should be carried out in the fall before the onset of frost. To prevent root rot, the soil in trunk circle needs to be loosened after each watering. In dry summers, in addition to watering, mulch with dry grass or humus.
Apple-tree White pouring suffers from the same pests as other varieties of apple trees. Young trees are especially susceptible to disease. The tree can affect:
There are many drugs on the market that will help to cope with pests and diseases. From pests will help the use of such chemicals how:
If a young tree is easy to process, then with an adult five-meter tree everything is much more difficult, it is difficult to spray it.
White filling often affects scab - a fungal disease, its causative agent is a marsupial fungus. Symptoms of the disease: yellow-green spots at the initial stage of the disease, almost black afterwards. The active spread of the disease occurs when high humidity air caused by rain or fog. In a diseased tree, early leaf fall begins, the fruits become ugly, small, wrinkled.
If preventive measures fail, scab can be treated with fungicides. The first spraying should be carried out in March, when the buds are not swollen, and the air temperature is above 0 ° C. You will need 100 g of copper sulfate and a bucket of water. With this solution, you need to spray the apple tree well.
When the buds begin to bloom, carry out the second treatment. During this period, you can use the drugs:
The third treatment should be carried out after all the fruits have been removed with fungicides, colloidal sulfur or copper sulphate.
Apple tree White pouring is one of the popular varieties not only among experienced summer residents, but also among people who are little versed in gardening. This type of fruit tree brings fruit when other trees are just beginning to form fruit. Fruits grow tasty and juicy, and also have an excellent trade dress. The fruits are suitable for canning, used to obtain juices and purees.
It is believed that the Bely filling apple tree was bred by breeders of the Baltic countries, after which it spread throughout European states. Papirovka is an analogue of a fruit tree. Many argue that these are different varieties, but experienced breeders do not make strict distinctions between them. Both varieties are included in the State Register.
Ukrainian breeder-fruit grower Simirenko Lev Platonovich put forward the theory that White filling is an old Russian variety, but there is no confirmation of the information.
Papirovka apple tree grows to medium size. On the early stages development, the crown of the plant has an elongated shape, and after it acquires a more round shape. The main branches have gray bark. Young shoots of a green fruit tree.
The foliage of the plant is oval and greyish green. The buds of the apple tree are flat, the flowers are large. They look like white saucers with a light pink tint.
White filling - large variety apples, the weight of which can reach 150 g. They have a conical ribbed shape. Ripened fruits acquire a light yellow color with a slight shade of green, and when they are fully ripe, a light coating of white appears on them. The taste of fruits is sweet and sour, their flesh is white and rather soft. Fragrant juice is collected in the seed box of the fruit.
This variety of apple trees is included in State Register most regions Russian Federation. It is better to grow it in middle lane states.
Before planting a tree on the site, it is necessary to familiarize yourself in detail with its features and characteristics.
The adult apple tree of the Bely pouring variety is resistant to droughts.
Attention! During the formation of the crop, insufficient moisture can cause fruit and ovaries to fall off.
Judging by the reviews experienced gardeners, apple-tree variety Papirovka is frost-resistant. Plants tolerate cold winter period without damage.
For the formation of white fruits, the Papirovka apple tree needs pollinating plants, which should be located next to it. For this purpose, varieties that bloom and bear fruit simultaneously with the White Bulk are suitable. Such plants include Anis, Manet and Grushovka.
Up to 200 kg of fruit can be harvested from apple trees of the White filling variety aged from 7 to 12 years.
White filling apples begin to ripen early, they are ahead of almost all summer varieties. Trees growing in mid-latitudes begin to produce crops already in the early days of August, and after 1-2 weeks they are harvested to the end. In the southern part of the country, White filling apples begin to be harvested in the middle of summer, in the northern regions - at the end.
Apples of this variety can be eaten both fresh and used for making juice, jam, marmalade, marmalade, mashed potatoes, etc. In addition, the fruits can be used as an ingredient in salads, pastries and other dishes.
These fruits absolutely do not tolerate transportation. The fruits are extremely sensitive: light blows and touches can instantly cause dark subcutaneous spots, as a result of which the apples will rot in a very short time.
Important! White filling can be stored for a maximum of 15-20 days only on condition that they were carefully removed from the branch, did not receive any damage and lie in a cold room.
The apple tree variety Papirovka amber is susceptible to damage by certain diseases and pests, therefore, in order to harvest a high yield, it is necessary to take preventive measures.
The plant does not have resistance to one of the most common and harmful diseases of fruit trees - scab. Its formation is due to an increased level of moisture, excessively thickened plantings and unthinned crowns.
Signs of the disease include large dark green spots that soon turn brown. Manifest dark spots and a velvety coating on the surface of the fruit.
In addition to scab, the plant can suffer from powdery mildew, codling moth, green aphid and apple flower beetle.
The positive qualities of White filling include the following:
The variety is also not complete without minuses:
The seedling should be planted in autumn or spring. It takes root better in the spring. This helps to endure winter frosts more steadfastly.
To land the White Bulk, you need to choose a place with a slight slope to the south or southwest. It should be well lit and protected from the north wind (by a fence, other plants or a wall).
When choosing a place for disembarkation, it is necessary to take into account that there are no nearby ground water as this can lead to rotting. To prevent damage to the root system, care should be taken that the soil is not clayey or sandy.
The soil at the landing site must be good quality. Best suited for water and breathability. Before planting, the root system of the seedling should be moistened with an insecticide solution to protect the plant from pests.
During planting, it is important not to place the seedling deep into the ground. Its neck should be located at a distance of 6-7 cm from the surface of the earth. The algorithm for planting the White filling variety looks like this:
So that the amber Papirovka apple tree remains healthy and brings bountiful harvest, you must adhere to certain rules for caring for her:
Attention! It is necessary to fertilize the soil about 3-4 times a year.
To prevent diseases and the appearance of pests, trees should be treated in a timely manner with special means.
Apple-tree White pouring is a hybrid that brings tasty and juicy fruits of excellent presentation. The fruits of this tree can be consumed both fresh and as an ingredient for a pie or salad.
