Frame house construction has a solid list of advantages. Thanks to the features of the walls frame houses, the construction of the facility requires 2 times less wood than timber or log structures. To ensure the same thermal performance, the required frame house significantly less in comparison with walls made using any other technology.
Having a smaller wall thickness, with the same built-up area, at the exit of the house there is additional usable area.
Ease frame walls allows you to significantly reduce costs. Used modern materials provide high thermal insulation properties of the house. With the same wall thickness, the thermal insulation of a frame house is two times better than that of a brick house, and more than 3 times better than that of walls made of.
All of the above advantages, as well as the speed of construction and affordable price frame house makes it popular among consumers. But when developing a project, you need to remember the main functions of any home: to be warm and. It doesn’t matter whether the house is built with your own hands or with the help of specialists, know what it looks like right at home, built according to frame technology, will not be superfluous.
Wall structure frame structure includes several required nodes:
This frame wall design wooden house received the name "" from experts. Let's look at which pie is correct, “delicious”.
According to technology, the construction of the walls of a wooden house should be made of high-quality dry wood. The result of using undried wood will certainly be cracks, since due to natural drying over time, the width of the edged board decreases.
If you take a raw board with a width of 150 mm, then, in the process of natural release of moisture, its width will become 145-147 mm.
This will not only lead to the formation of cracks in the walls, drafts, and blow-ins, but also to a decrease in fastening characteristics. Therefore, in order not to resort to insulating the corners in a year or two, it is necessary to follow the technology during the construction process and use dried lumber for the frame. Most often, the construction of the walls of a wooden house is made from the most common sizes of edged boards - 50 * 150 mm or 50 * 200 mm. The width size is selected taking into account the expected thickness of the thermal insulation layer required for a given climatic region.
Various thermal insulation materials are used as insulation in the cake: foam insulation, ecowool and others. The choice of them on the modern market is quite large. The main thing is that the material in the wall is stable in the vertical plane - it does not settle and does not gather like an accordion in the lower part of the structure, leading to the appearance of uncovered upper sections (cold bridges). To do this, use slab insulation or foam fixation.
When used as a heat insulator, it is necessary to seal the gaps along the contour to ensure tightness around the perimeter of the junction. Considering the cost of polyurethane foam, the use of cheap insulation does not always help save money.
So that the insulation inside the walls does not accumulate moisture (which not only reduces its thermal insulation properties, but can also lead to unpleasant smell indoors) a vapor barrier film is used. Arrange according to inner surface walls, always from bottom to top with an overlap. The overlap line is usually marked on the film roll. To ensure tightness, the joints are sealed with self-adhesive tape.
Important! the use of a vapor barrier film leads to the formation of closed air in interior spaces Houses. Therefore, in frame houses, a correctly calculated effective ventilation system is very important.
The outer side of the frame is sewn up depending on preference: oriented with particle board (OSB), cement bonded particle board(OSB), moisture-resistant plywood or other similar ones. These materials not only perform a tightening role, ensure structural strength, but also protect thermal insulation from external influences.
Technologically, the frame structure of the walls of a private house can be performed in two different ways:
The panel house wall design is available in several versions. 
With this technology, wall insulation is carried out only after the assembly of the power kit (box) is completed. Then you can start covering the second side.
Structurally, a frame house has the following components: top and bottom trim, height posts, fastening slopes, ceilings, door opening trim, etc. The installation order of these units is determined by the selected technical and technological solutions. 
The advantages of such an engineering solution are simpler work. A flat laying area ensures more accurate cutting, facilitates the work of builders, and ultimately increases the speed and quality of work.
The disadvantage is that it is necessary to have a considerable amount of covering material in case rainy weather to prevent the subfloor materials from getting wet (usually the material used for such floors is DSP).
But main drawback installation work in this way is that the frame structure for repairing the walls of the house or ceilings during operation will serve as a hindrance. After all, the main wall is located directly on the beams. If beams need to be replaced over time, this will result in significant labor costs.
Of course, if the floor beams are properly treated with antiseptic and protective agents, the operating conditions will eliminate the impact high humidity, That this disadvantage will not be significant. But in the basement, where aggressive influence environment usually higher, it is preferable to provide for the possibility of periodic inspection of the floor elements.
For frame houses, it is possible to use virtually any type of foundation. The most cost-effective one is point-based and without a grillage. To tie a point foundation, use a thick
Building a frame house with your own hands is a completely feasible task. You just need to figure out the sequence in which the main elements are installed, and you can pour the foundation, build the frame, and install all the other elements yourself. First, the sequence of constructing a house with your own hands as a whole will be considered, and then each stage separately.
First, prepare the tools and materials that will allow you to install a frame house. You will need the following:
Figure 1. Diagram of a frame house with an attic.
The frame house itself can be erected according to one of two options, namely:
Figure 2. Drawing of the wall of a frame house.
To completely build a frame house with your own hands, it is better to consider the second option. First they prepare project documentation and drawings. All the nuances, the order of fastening and installation of various elements, dimensions and others important points must be provided for in advance so that in the future there will be no problems with fitting materials, etc. There are many standard projects. For example, you can take as a basis the diagram of a frame house (Fig. 1). The main attachment points and interface points are given there. If desired, you can order individual project V specialized company. The project must contain drawings of the foundation of the frame house, plans for each floor, floors and roofing system, as well as facades and sections.
The foundation is being laid according to the project. Installation of a frame house is most often carried out on a column-type base. At the top, individual pillars are connected by a grillage in single design high rigidity. It is not necessary to invite professionals to install such a foundation. You just need to find one or two helpers. At this stage, it is necessary to check the horizontalness of the grillage surface using a building level.
Fastening the lower trim is carried out in the following sequence:
Figure 3. Technology for building a frame house with your own hands.
It is important to check the horizontality of the timber. Its fastening must be strictly horizontal. Angles and diagonals are also checked. The timber is fastened to the base of the frame house using anchor bolts. The distance between the fastening points should be no more than 100 cm. The diagonals, angles and horizontality of the beam are checked again.
Next, the vertical frame posts are installed. Work begins with the corner elements. To make it easier, you can see what the attachment point looks like (Fig. 2). The racks are attached to the bars of the lower trim. To do this, use reinforced steel corners. See how the fastening points should be arranged (Fig. 3).
It is necessary to make temporary fastening of the racks. This way they won't wobble. The racks are fastened on one side diagonally using a board. Remember the door and window openings. In these places, the racks will be fastened at a distance different from other sections of the wall.
Installation of timber top harness performed using steel angles. Carefully check the horizontal and vertical fastening of all elements of this part of the frame house.
Next, each rack is secured using permanent jibs. Use a beam of relatively small cross-section. Look at the mounting points at this stage (Fig. 4). Ceiling beams are being installed and secured. Steel corners are also used. Are being created truss structure and sheathing. The selected roofing. The outside of the frame house is sheathed with plywood. You can use DSP or OSB. Fastening in progress vapor barrier membrane. This is done using a construction stapler. In the future, sheathing will be nailed along it and siding will be installed.
Figure 4. Scheme of the roof structure of a frame house.
The space between the racks must be tightly filled with thermal insulation material. It must be covered with a vapor barrier film. Use a stapler to attach it to the frame posts. The inside walls of the house are sheathed with plywood or OSB.
This is what the overall sequence of building a frame house looks like. However, this general information not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to consider each stage separately.
As a rule, frame houses have 1-2 floors. Experts strongly do not recommend making a frame house higher than 2 floors. And it’s better to make the second floor an attic.
Most often, as already noted, for the construction of a frame house they build columnar foundation. You can use a strip base, as well as a prefabricated structure made of concrete blocks. Belt systems require the use of strong reinforcement to create additional strength and rigidity. In the case of columnar systems, the required rigidity is ensured using a monolithic grillage. When constructing a prefabricated base, a strong and reliable fastening is used to increase rigidity. It must be attached along the entire lower trim.
In the process of building a frame house, they use frame structures made of metal and wood. Metal frames increase the cost of a home by an average of 30-40 percent. Therefore, they are not as popular as wood frames. But a metal structure has much less weight, which allows you to save money on the foundation. In the case of wood, the most suitable material is oak. If you don’t have money for oak, timber will do High Quality from other breeds. Its cross-section must be at least 150 mm². A tongue-and-groove connection is used in the corners. The fit needs to be close. Gaps must not be left.
Professional builders categorically do not recommend using metal fasteners, as this material intensifies the processes of wood decay. Therefore, if possible, self-tapping screws and nails should be abandoned. Rotting will make the connection weaker. In such conditions, the frame house will slowly but surely become loose. To ensure a reliable, durable and building-safe connection, wooden dowels are suitable.
It is most convenient to install thermal insulation material in wall spaces. But in order for the structure not to lose its rigidity, it is necessary to brace the frame with braces. If this is not done, under the influence of external loads, distortions will occur over time, which will lead to further destruction. In accordance with the technology of building a frame house, everything needs to be done taking into account the creation of 3 braces. They are made from the same material as frame racks.
On the outside, the frame is covered with boards. It is best that the skin is not horizontal, but inclined by 30-40°. To do this, you can use tongue-and-groove boards 6 cm thick or lining. It is also important to take into account the fact that the wood you use to build a frame house may decrease or increase in volume during the first 12-18 months. Therefore, there is no need to completely nail the boards external cladding. Otherwise, after a year and a half, the casing may become deformed.
Installation of the structure begins with laying high-quality timber around the perimeter of the walls. Use a beam with a cross-section of 15x15 cm. Before installing the bursa, lay the roofing material. The wood itself must be treated with an antiseptic composition. Installation is carried out using anchor bolts. Try to set the angles as accurately as possible. Use a building level to check. The maximum permissible skew is 1 cm.
To construct the load-bearing structures of the walls and floor of a frame house, you need to use the same materials. If the materials are different, then their expansion coefficients will also differ. This can lead to the house simply becoming warped over time. For the subfloor, use an uncut board. This is the most budget-friendly and quite acceptable option. First, the lags are installed. Thermal insulation material is laid between them. Floorboards are placed on top. After completing the floor, begin building the walls.
Before you start building the walls, find a flat, dry area to assemble them. Otherwise the walls will warp. The frame is assembled from identical vertical boards. If possible, you need to select boards of such a length that would correspond to the height of the premises of your future frame house.
High ceilings require a lot of materials. However, it is better not to do them below 2.4 m either. Otherwise, pressure will be felt in the room, causing psychological discomfort. During the wall construction phase, you may want to consider saving on building materials by installing sloping ceilings. Similar ceilings will have the same bevel angle as the slope roof slope. Thanks to this, you can create a comfortable attic space, install there correct windows and provide a more interesting and cozy result.
Calculate wall sections based on the maximum permissible and expected loads on the floor of the house. Beams are installed at distances of 300, 400 and 600 mm. Select the width of the boards in accordance with the selected cladding material.
Sheathing is most often done with siding. If you choose it, then you need to maintain a distance of 20-30 cm. If you use particle board, pseudo-log house or block house, then you can increase the distance to 40-50 cm.
Siding is the most practical, durable and easy-to-use cladding material. You don't have to paint it or open it with varnish. You don't even have to wash it regularly. The only drawback, and even then a subjective one, is the unnaturalness of such a finish.
If a frame house is built in a factory, then, as a rule, sandwich panels are used. WITH economic point In our opinion, this is the most profitable option.
Panels of this type weigh little, which makes it possible to reduce the load on the foundation of a frame house and generally make its structure lighter. In addition, sandwich panels have low thermal conductivity. This moment allows you to optimally solve the issues of thermal insulation of a frame house.
It is necessary to pay due attention to the installation of windows. According to technology, the window area should be equal to 18% of the total area of the wall with the window opening. So the number and size of openings are selected individually. As for double-glazed windows, single glazing is sufficient for seasonal homes. If the frame house will be used throughout the year, you need to buy double-glazed windows with 2 or even 3 glasses. Select the required quantity taking into account the climatic characteristics of your region.
And the last stage in the construction of a frame house structure is the installation of the roof. The roof can be covered with a wide variety of materials. Experts recommend using natural tiles. It goes best with wood. You can choose in favor of any other one you like based on its properties, appearance or the price of the material. Good luck!
This method allows you to solve housing problems in rural areas and quickly build up dacha areas.
In addition, the frame walls of these houses make your home reliable, warm, environmentally friendly and quiet.
The first timber frame housesThis type of construction has gained particular popularity and fame due to the possibility of using more economical materials.
When erected and installed on frame walls, it takes several times less wood than for paving stones and log walls. Thanks to this feature, their weight is reduced and the house can be installed on.
For the inside of the block, a special polyurethane is used, or. Thermal insulation characteristics these materials are very high. This ensures less heat loss when heating the room. All layers can be joined into a monolithic panel using polyurethane glue. Holes for doors or windows in such blocks can be cut at the construction site.
According to their own design features frame walls made of small-sized panels are no different from the features of standard wall partitions. The only difference is that during installation the panels are laid in one piece, and their joints are reinforced with a special silicone mass. For strong grip and fixation of individual parts and elements with the lower beam, the fastening is fixed strictly at the seams and inside assembled frame wall.
Installing a wall alone The installation and installation of frame walls begins with the bottom frame. Wooden beams are also prepared for this. The lower trim is laid in a strictly horizontal position. All splice connections at joints and corners can be made half-timber if necessary. During installation, be sure to check the squareness of all constructed contours through measurements of the lower diagonals. Fasten the bottom trim with twists to the anchors embedded in the foundation.
Install the racks with a minimum step of 600 mm.
The distance between the racks for and doors can be determined by the size of the box of these elements. If necessary, their number is increased by adding window sill and overhead racks.
For the strength and rigidity of the supporting structure, in places where the wall partition is adjacent to the frame house, a special additional support is installed, which is reinforced with struts.
An upper frame is placed on top of the racks, connecting them together in half a tree. When building up the harness, its fastening is carried out strictly above the racks. The resulting frame wall structure, as a rule, is sheathed with wood or other selected materials with obligatory laying and.
Frame-panel house structures are a modern and prefabricated technology in construction, as they have more competitive performance compared to wooden, brick and aerated concrete houses. The basis of the entire prefabricated house structure is a frame made of wood or metal. The frame consists of the upper and lower frames, vertical supports, walls, then comes the outer and interior lining, inside which there is thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing, then - external cladding.
Timber frame houses are very popular due to the relatively low cost of construction.
Advantages:
The main advantage of a frame house is the speed of its construction (2-3 months).
Pie diagram for outer wall frame house.
Assessing the overall benefits of frame house construction, we can conclude that it is more profitable production, corresponding technical specifications and operating requirements.
There are two types of house structures - frame-frame or frame-panel (panel).
To build a panel house, you need a pre-prepared foundation and the use of special equipment, such as freight car, for delivery of finished panels and a crane for installation of roof panels and fences.
Return to contents
Before you start installing panel structures, you need to prepare the base.
The first method is the main one, in which the base is made up of individual wooden trusses having lower and upper trim - logs on which the floor is laid.
The second method is to install the panels on a core made of logs, while the floor joists are not connected to the core and the walls of the house.
To build a frame-panel house, a pre-made foundation is required.
After fastening the shields and installing interior partitions and fences, the roof is being erected.
The shields are fixed to each other with a standard tongue-and-groove fastening or steel corners and plates; after installation, the shields are fastened with a top frame made of timber.
The roof for a frame house is often trussed ready-made panels. The rafters are mounted directly on the house.
The main advantages of building a panel house are time savings, additional strength and stability of the structure thanks to the frame framing. After installing the roof, the door and window units and are produced interior decoration and enclosing structures, since no additional time is required for shrinkage of the house.
The frame of the walls is constructed from logs, the frame posts are fixed together with lower and upper frames and horizontal jumpers, and for additional rigidity, metal jibs are used between the frame stops.
Installation of roof trusses is carried out on side walls houses, and roof battens are installed on top of the rafters. The roof is then covered with roofing material.
The absence of seasonal restrictions significantly saves time when constructing a frame house. Unlike the construction of a panel house, the use of special equipment is not required. The price of building a frame house is 15-20% less than the price of a panel house. Architectural design has no technological limitations in comparison with a frame-panel project.
TO structural elements Such a frame house includes the foundation, frame and roof.
The choice of foundation determines the composition and type of soil, as well as the weight of the future structure. If the soil is silty or subsiding, then the foundation would be better suited slab In this case, a basement is not provided. Thanks to the large area of contact with the ground, the pressure on it is reduced, distributing the weight over the entire slab.
A shallow foundation requires removal of the top fertile soil layer by at least 0.5 m to reduce soil compression. The slabs are laid on a layer of sand. The weight of 1 square meter of a frame house is about 165 kg.
Return to contents
The moisture content of lumber should not be more than 15%.
For a one-story house, boards for racks with a thickness of 50 mm are suitable, for a two-story house - 100x100 mm.
The choice of roof type depends on the project and whether residential attic space. The most popular are gable and mansard roofs, as they are convenient for covering all types of roofing materials. Hip roof Suitable for regions where strong squally winds prevail.
They require high-quality roofing material, and it is also necessary to provide a system of thermal insulation and waterproofing.
A frame house is a great opportunity to acquire your own comfortable housing for reasonable money and in short term. But to be the first strong wind or soil heaving has not folded it like a house of cards, you need to know the clear sequence of work and some secrets frame construction. Here are step-by-step instructions on how to do it correctly.
Design will help you significantly reduce construction time, avoid many mistakes and reduce material consumption. But this is not only about designing the interior of the rooms. The design project includes blueprints. For the foundation, rafter system and the frame of the walls they are simply necessary.
To develop a design project and drawings, you can turn to professional designers or try to master specialized programs. For example: ArchiCAD, Arcon, WoodEngine, CadWork. However, please note that some programs require the purchase of a license key and time to master.
A frame house can be erected by you on a slab, pile, column or strip foundation. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for a certain type of soil. How to determine which one to choose?
A foundation selected in accordance with the characteristics of the soil is not just a reliable foundation for the entire structure. This is also rational use your funds. A frame house does not always need an expensive slab or deep foundation.
Do right choice will help earth analysis, taken from the construction site. What it will help determine:
For research, you can dig a hole yourself, at least one and a half meters deep, take soil samples and take them to the laboratory. A less labor-intensive option is to invite geological engineers directly to the construction site.
The strip foundation is a closed loop of reinforced concrete. It is laid under the load-bearing walls of the house along their entire length.
Despite the laboriousness and high cost of installation, the strip base is the best option for a frame house. It has a large load-bearing surface, allows you to arrange a basement and perform construction works even on heaving soil.
Construction sequence strip foundation:
Height of strip foundation should be at least 2 times its width. Under such conditions, transverse deformation does not occur in it.
A pile-screw foundation allows you to build a residential building on weak areas and areas with uneven terrain without construction experience. It becomes a reliable support for the walls, since the piles firmly cling to hard rock below the freezing level of the soil.
Screw piles– metal rods, onto the pointed ends of which blades are welded. This design allows you to simply screw them into the ground like a drill. This can be done using special equipment or manually. But in the latter case, at least three people will be needed.
The columnar foundation is erected only on stable soils with high bearing capacity.
The work is carried out step by step:
The height of the heads (the above-ground part of the pillars) should not be less than 400 mm. Otherwise, the wood flooring will rot from constant exposure to moisture.
The slab foundation is rightfully considered the most expensive. This is due to the large load-bearing area, which is the main advantage of a monolithic foundation.
A house built on such a slab is protected from distortions, because even when exposed to the forces of frost heaving, it moves along with the foundation.
The base laying technology involves
The height of the slab base is usually 100 mm.
If you are planning to build a frame house with your own hands, you cannot do without the bottom frame. It unites all the elements of the foundation, if it is columnar or pile-screw, connects the base of the house with its walls, and serves as a support for laying the floor.
For device bottom trim use 150x200 mm timber or a bunch of boards placed at the end. Lumber must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant.
They are fixed to the foundation using anchor bolts with a wide nut. The beams are connected to each other using panels or “half a tree”, “in a paw”, additionally strengthening them with nails and steel corners.
The basis of the subfloor are beams basement floor. Their function is performed by beams with a cross-section of 140x180 mm or boards measuring at least 160x50 mm. Perfect option– material with the same cross-section as the elements of the lower trim.
The floor beams are fastened “in half a tree”, making appropriate cuts. For additional fixation, use two nails at each junction of the beams.
Then the flooring and its insulation are carried out according to the following scheme:
This “pie” is ready for finishing at the final stage self-construction frame house.
The subfloor with its rigid base is the reference point for the construction of the wall frame and installation of the rafter system under the roof. This is one of the most labor-intensive stages of building a frame house.
Using the existing lower trim, markings are made for fastening the vertical frame posts. Their length determines the height of the ceiling on the floor minus its finishing.
Work begins with the installation of corner elements with a cross-section of at least 100x100 mm. They are fixed in two main ways:
For racks on straight sections, timber with a smaller cross-section – 50x100 mm – is suitable. Its connection to the harness is made by complete or partial cutting or using steel corners. Here you can use fasteners without reinforcement.
When determining the pitch of the racks, be guided by the width of the insulation or sheet material of the wall cladding. To prevent the vertical elements of the frame from tilting, they can be fixed with temporary jibs.
Only after fixing the racks strictly vertically and in a stationary position do they begin to work on the upper trim. All grooves and fastenings in it must be similar to those that took place in a similar lower belt. This will give the structure good spatial rigidity.
Note! The width of the top frame beams should be equal to the width of the vertical posts.
Mounted similarly to the basement. Logs from boards 50x200 mm with a pitch of 600-800 mm are fastened with nails to the beams of the upper frame.
If the ceiling is not an element of the roof truss system, but the floor of the second floor, it must be additionally reinforced with spacers. Their function is performed edged boards, which are lined up between the logs in one line and fixed with nails. With a second floor span of 2.5-3 m, one line of spacers is sufficient. For a larger span you will need two parallel lines.
The rafter system determines the shape of the roof of a frame house built from scratch. Most often it is gable.
Suitable for rafters boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 50x200 mm. They are installed on the bars of the upper trim in increments of 0.6-1.1 m.
The rafters are also connected to each other, which gives the roof appropriate rigidity and determines its bearing capacity. To do this, use the following elements:
If the width of the span of the second floor or attic is less than 10 m and there are no load-bearing walls in the house, except for external ones, you can install hanging rafters. This system involves fastening each rafter with one end to the frame, and the other to the counter element. Tightening in the form horizontal beam allows you to strengthen the structure.
Layered rafters appropriate where there is intermediate support for them in the form load-bearing wall or columnar element. They are reinforced with internal middle pillars.
Work on insulating walls and roofs should begin only after all windows and doors have been installed.
In a proper frame house, the technology for their implementation is similar and comes down to creating a “pie” consisting of several layers.
The roof is not sheathed on the outside sheet material. His place is taken sheathing, which serves as the basis for the roofing material.
The insulation of the interfloor ceiling is similar to the thermal insulation of the subfloor.
Without engineering communications a frame house will be a dark and cold box. For this reason, it is necessary to know where and at what stage they are laid.
