Installing heating in a two-story house will require preliminary calculations, preliminary selection of equipment and a wiring diagram.
The use of one scheme or another depends on the size of the house.
The project takes into account the living space and interior layout.
Autonomous heating with natural water movement is a common scheme for a summer house or private house. The routing of pipes and installation of appliances in a house with two floors is practically no different from the diagram one-story house.
As the temperature increases, liquids expand, but cannot contract under pressure like gases.
The heating system contains a device that stores excess expanding liquid - expansion tank.
It will allow you to control the coolant pressure, preventing a critical level at which equipment destruction will occur.
Differences between open and closed systems in expansion tanks. Scheme with natural circulation involves installing an open expander.
A special feature is the installation location. The height of the second floor will create the necessary pressure of the liquid column. Therefore, there is no need to take the expander into the attic.
Natural circulation indicates the absence of a circulation pump for heating systems in the design.
Heating devices are connected via overhead wiring, which will ensure uniform distribution of the coolant over the radiators (read how to properly install heating radiators under the windowsill here).
The direction of water movement is ensured by the slope of the pipes, which are installed at an angle of 5 degrees. Straight pipes are located under the ceiling or window sills.
The advantages of this scheme for two-story house are:
Do you know what the slope of a sewer pipe should be at 1 meter? About calculation methods for external and internal systems written in a useful article.
Precautions when handling propylene glycol-based antifreeze for heating systems are described on this page.
This system has disadvantages that negate the advantages:
Some of the shortcomings can be solved by installing a circulation pump with a bypass and a check valve (read here).
But it is more correct, when installing heating for a two-story house, to choose a closed connection scheme.
Most often, a single-pipe, two-pipe or manifold wiring option is used. They can be installed independently.
According to this connection diagram, a separate direct branch goes to each floor.
Shut-off valves are installed on each floor, which allows the floors to be heated separately.
Having passed through the radiators, both branches are connected into one, which supplies the cooled coolant to the boiler.
Each radiator is mounted with a bypass on the battery (written here) and shut-off valves.
This will allow you not to stop heating in cases that require replacing individual radiators (read the rules for installing heating radiators in an apartment on this page).
The devices are equipped with Mayevsky taps or valves for removing air pockets. Installation without outlet areas will lead to uneven heating of the premises.
In such cases, radiators of different capacities are installed. But installing a bypass is the most rational way.
A heating design with fewer shut-off valves will not allow the floors to be heated separately.
The ability to shut off a branch or a separate device will allow you to effectively respond to malfunctions of heating devices.
IMPORTANT! Manufacturers indicate in the passports of devices the parameters obtained by calculation. This applies to internal volume and power. Water flow in a radiator with a power of 10 kW is 10 l/min.
Do you know how to drill a water well yourself - a video taken during work is posted on the page hidden under the link. Look and read this useful article.
Which hydraulic accumulator is better for water supply systems is written here.
On the page: https://ru-canalizator.com/vodosnabzhenie/avtonomnoe/zhelonka-chertezhi.html watch a video on how to make a bailer with your own hands.
Wiring with one pipe will save on materials and provide good heat transfer. Using this scheme, you can install the heating yourself (watch a video on how to glue polypropylene pipes here).
Disadvantages include:
Connecting using a two-pipe option will allow you to avoid the disadvantages of a cut-off system.
Heating, built according to a two-pipe scheme with forced circulation of coolant, evenly distributes heat over the entire area of the room.
Radiators are connected in parallel to each other. Each device is connected to the forward and reverse branches of the system.
An air vent and a shut-off valve (installation on a heating radiator) for the coolant supply are mounted on the radiators, which will allow you to regulate the degree of heating of the device.
Shut-off valves are not installed on the return branch. The main disadvantage of the scheme is the consumption of materials. For installation, a double number of pipes is required.
Heating with a collector is suitable for both a one-story house and a two-story house.
Installation of the collector circuit takes place under the condition that the circulation pump is correctly installed in the heating system.
Natural circulation will not be able to move the coolant.
Water is first supplied to the collector, which distributes it to the heating devices.
Shut-off valves are installed at each outlet of the collector.
ATTENTION! The consumption of materials and complex work pays off with precise adjustment of heat transfer and ease of use.
Such a heating system has a number of undeniable advantages:
Horizontal two-pipe heating is based on a collector.
The comb is located in a special cabinet; system elements are included.
During installation, pipes, fittings and fittings made of polypropylene are used.
Heating devices(polypropylene coils) are laid on the floor.
All links are connected independently. After installation in a private house, it is necessary to balance each circuit.
IMPORTANT! The machine must maintain a coolant temperature of up to 55 degrees.
The considered heating schemes and connection options (how to calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator is written here) for a two-story house have been tested by many years of practice.
Each has advantages and disadvantages. In practice, installing a collector connection with your own hands is easier than others.
A high-quality microclimate and uninterrupted heating operation will be ensured by the installation of the system by specialists.
Look at the proposed video for a manifold diagram of the heating distribution in a two-story private house.
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Arranging a heating system for a two-story private house requires a competent approach, since the main thing that any cottage resident requires—comfort—depends on this indicator. Today, air and electrical systems heating. But electric does not mean standard heaters or heated floors, but those that run on alternative energy sources such as solar panels.
Typically, such a scheme involves the use of metal plastic pipes - this is what the design and engineering bureau can tell you. However, these pipes can be easily replaced with polypropylene or even copper. Interestingly, today copper pipes have again become in demand.
The fact is that despite all their disadvantages, including high cost, they have a very significant advantage: the coolant circulating through copper pipes and radiators does not need to be replaced for many, many years. In fact, you can fill it once - and that’s it, it’ll last for a lifetime!
Standard wiring diagram for a heating system in a two-story house Fittings, various shaped systems, connectors and other components are connected only depending on their angle of inclination and relative position from each other. This wiring diagram usually requires the use of various taps: from ball taps to radiator taps (all of them are straight).
After the calculation has taken place according to the diagram, the required number of radiators and their sections is calculated. The latter are mounted on special brackets. Accordingly, the more sections there are, the more brackets (or other fittings that can replace them) will be needed.
You should not install more radiator sections than necessary: this will increase energy consumption, and the effect will be minimal.
In a house where there is both a basement and an attic, you can use one of two types of wiring: upper or lower. Of course, almost any 2-story house will have both an attic and a basement.
Features of wiring, depending on their type:
Of course, it seems logical that the easiest way is to use the upper wiring, because in this case the pump will have the lowest power and the coolant itself will circulate much faster. 
Scheme two-pipe system heating with bottom wiring
However, it depends on which side you look at: the upper wiring will be irrelevant, for example, if the house has an attic (living in the “embraces” of a heating boiler is another pleasure, it should be noted), and if a leak occurs, the entire house will be completely flooded. Is it worth the risk?
It’s worth saying right away that the coolant does not always mean water: now many owners of private houses also use antifreeze (this will not affect the choice of lower or upper wiring).
But in any case, there are 2 rules that apply regardless of the selected type:
The choice between a single-pipe and a two-pipe heating system when building houses was the most difficult decision for the owner. The systems differ significantly from each other, and each has one significant advantage and one of the same disadvantages.
For small houses, it is better to prefer a two-pipe heating system.
Diagram of a single-pipe heating system Brief characteristics of two types of heating systems:
Plastic pipes - best option for modern heating systems
The main nuances that must be taken into account when planning the installation of heated floors:
When installing a heated floor, it is necessary to take into account the type of subsequent finishing.
By the way, any water supply scheme will work more efficiently if it has natural rather than forced circulation, which is extremely important. Do heating systems differ much?
For example, what will be the difference between the heating system of a one-story brick private house with polypropylene pipes (polypropylene pipes are now popular) from a two-story wooden one, which is heated by an electric boiler?
The difference will be significant, because here it will be necessary to determine how to properly connect the heating system (for each type of house - differently), is it possible to do this with your own hands, is it possible to connect devices with very high power in a private house?
General scheme underfloor heating devices in the house In any case, the heating system in a one-story house will a priori be simpler from a technical point of view than in houses with two or more floors. And if you take huge houses, the area of which starts from 500 m², then everything is so complicated and completely confusing that it seems that even a nuclear physicist will not immediately figure out where to insert this or that fitting and with the help of which pumps circulates water or some kind of another coolant.
You can watch a video where experts talk about how to install a heating system in a two-story house and organize collector heating.
fastbuildings.ru
The design of a heating system in modern houses must be done at the design stage of the house itself. This way you can understand what materials and in what quantities you need. In addition, this will help you quickly find shortcomings and correct them. It is important to choose the best option for a heating system, assessing your material capabilities, as well as the availability of resources to maintain the heating system (quantity and quality of fuel, climatic conditions, etc.). The most popular option now is water heating; it is suitable for multi-storey buildings the best way. Also read about the heating system - “Leningradka”.
Heating diagram for a two-story house
Sample wiring of heating elements
Let's consider a water heating scheme for a standard building with two floors. It provides manual temperature control in each individual room of the house. The system is installed in a standard way: using horizontal placement of two pipes, in which heating radiators are connected to the sides.
It is better to use metal-plastic pipes for the heating system due to their strength and durability. But you can also use polypropylene pipes, which will also be a very effective solution. Metal-plastic pipes do not require special installation skills, and there are almost no blockages or dirt sticking inside them. You can assemble polypropylene pipes yourself; they are light and reliable.
At the system design stage, the required number of corner, adjustable and connecting nodes system, the number and installation locations of taps and plugs are marked. An analysis is carried out of the required number of heating radiators and the number of sections in each of them; the amount of heat given off by the radiator will depend on this in the future. For each heating radiator, mounting brackets are installed, in an amount determined by the dimensions of the radiator.
The diagram contains a designation where in the system it is necessary to install a heating boiler, an expansion tank, and a pump. A heating boiler can operate on various types of fuel, but the most popular are gas, solid fuel or electricity. In new houses and cottages, solid fuel is almost never used due to its low environmental friendliness.
If the heating boiler is small, then you can install it directly in one of the rooms of the house, a storage room, for example, or in the owner’s workshop. In this case, the boiler is hung on the wall so as not to waste space. It is not recommended to install the boiler in bedrooms or rooms such as a library or office. This is due to the fact that the boiler can emit noise during operation, although not loud. Large boilers must be placed in a separate room or even in a separate building.
An example of placing a tank in a house
If your house has a basement and an attic, then you can make a heating system with bottom pipes or bottom pipes at your discretion.
Whatever option you choose, the expansion tank is always installed in the highest place of the house, that is, in the attic. A riser connects it to the heating boiler with bottom wiring.
A heating system with one pipe is a ring. Water from the boiler first goes to one floor, then returns back to the tank through another. As a result, the temperature is higher on one floor and lower on the other. To compensate for this phenomenon, larger radiators are installed on the lower floors (where the water is usually not so hot) than on the upper floors. In addition, in a single-pipe system, there is no way to turn off one specific heater. It is necessary to turn off the entire system.
Heating system sample
A system with two pipes is more difficult to install, but it has almost no disadvantages. This system has two pipes: hot and cold. Entering the radiator, hot water cools and pours into cold pipe. In this case, you can shut off one of the radiators, this will not affect the operation of the others.
Video - house heating diagram
Video - how to make a warm floor in a house
stroyvopros.net
What kind of heating can there be in a 2-story house? How to dilute the coolant, what heating devices to use? How to calculate the thermal power of a boiler, and which boiler should be preferred? The article does not pretend to be the ultimate truth: it will only present the author’s point of view on these problems.
Construction does not end with the construction of walls. We have to think through the heating scheme.
How is the water heating scheme for a private 2-story house calculated?
Thus, the heating of a 2-story house with a floor area of 70 meters, a ceiling height of 3 meters, 8 windows and 3 doors, located in Sevastopol, can be calculated as follows:
Winter in Sevastopol is not particularly severe.
The power of radiators for individual rooms is calculated in the same way.
A nuance: do not forget about the area of the premises without heating devices. If the hallway is heated by radiators in the adjacent room, this radiator should be selected according to the total volume of both rooms.
How to convert kilowatts into the number of battery sections? It is enough to divide the calculated power of the device by the power of one section, which is always indicated in the accompanying documentation. In its absence, you can rely on the following values:
What should be the heating scheme for a 2-storey house - the distribution of coolant and the connection of heating devices? Here are the two simplest and most affordable solutions.
The coolant rises from the boiler to the supply outlet located in the attic and returns to the return pipeline through the risers with heating devices. The scheme is attractive, among other things, because it allows you to organize heating of a 2-story house with natural circulation: with a floor area of up to 50 m2, it will work stably without a circulation pump.
Stand-up (vertical) scheme.
Even simpler and more fault-tolerant is the Leningradka, or barracks-type system. In the general case, it is a ring between the supply and return pipes of the boiler, in parallel to which the radiators of the heating system are connected.
In relation to our situation, the heating scheme of a 2-story house will include two rings. Three extra meters of bottling length on the second floor will not change the temperature of the radiators to any significant extent; However, if you wish, you can take the trouble of balancing the rings by installing a throttle that opens the lower ring.
Modification of Leningradka for two floors.
Radiators of short length (up to 6-7 sections) are connected quite traditionally - both connections are located on one side.
But for longer lengths, one of two alternative schemes is used:
In both cases, it is more convenient to use American plugs rather than straight-through plugs - quick-release connections with a union nut.
Diagonal connection made by American women.
What is the best material to use to build your own heating system? Let's go through its main elements.
If your house is gasified, the best option in terms of heating costs is a gas boiler. Preferably - condensation: the use of the full heat of combustion of gas (including the energy that is taken from combustion products during their condensation) increases its efficiency by 9-11%.
In a closed system, the so-called safety group is responsible for it - an automatic air vent, a safety valve and a pressure gauge. In addition to them, the circuit is equipped with an expansion tank that compensates for the increase in coolant volume during expansion. Its volume is taken approximately equal to 1/10 of the total amount of coolant.
Useful: the volume of coolant in a balanced system is usually taken to be 15 liters per 1 kW-hour of boiler power.
In an open system (most often the gravity heating system of a 2-story building is open), the functions of all the above devices are assigned to an open expansion tank. It is mounted under the ceiling of the second floor or in the attic. The bottling lines are laid with a constant slope, so that the air from them is displaced by the coolant into the tank.
Open expansion tank.
If you are using a heating scheme for a 2-story house with a solid fuel boiler, cast iron sectional radiators or registers are preferable. Their significant mass and large internal volume mean that after the fuel burns out, the circuit will cool quite slowly.
In all other cases, the optimal choice is aluminum sectional radiators.
What is the instruction related to?
The typical temperature range for autonomous heating is 50-75C at a pressure of no more than 2.5 atmospheres.
The wiring in the photo is made of polypropylene.
A significant part of residential and utility rooms are heated centrally, despite the variety of other options. First of all, heating circuits multi-storey buildings relevant for the construction of entire microdistricts and small settlements. One boiler room can provide heat a large number of objects.
The photo shows an apartment building with centralized heating.
A distinctive feature of such systems is the location of the boiler equipment in a separate building. The coolant is delivered through pipelines that are laid directly along the street to each facility.
Such networks cannot be set up with your own hands, since the volume of work carried out is very large.
An example of the location of the main elements.
Note! As for the disadvantages, these include the functioning of the system according to a certain schedule and the inability to individually adjust the temperature regime.
Central heating in terms of design is practically no different from autonomous systems. However, the cross-section of the pipelines in this case is much larger, and the equipment installed in the boiler room is much more complex.
The equipment in the boiler room is demonstrated.
The heat path is above ground.
Reference! One thermal power plant (CHP) allows you to replace several small boiler houses, and therefore construction costs are reduced.
In addition, a considerable area is freed up.
Any diagram of the heating system of a multi-storey building may belong to one category or another. Classification of centralized systems can be carried out according to several criteria. You can learn more about them by reading the information below.
An example of a steam boiler for heating houses.
To heat an apartment building centrally, it must be connected to a heating main that runs from the thermal power plant or boiler house. For this purpose, inlet valves for thermal units are made in the main pipeline.
A simple diagram of an elevator point.
Immediately after the shut-off elements, mud collectors are installed, which are necessary for the precipitation of salts and metal oxides. Thanks to these devices, you can extend the operating period.
Hot water connections are made directly into the house circuit. After them, the main unit should be located - the heating elevator.
Typically, the heating scheme in an apartment building assumes the presence of one supply pipe with bottom or top filling. It can diverge into a certain number of branches, which are directed into the building from the basement or attic.
With lower wiring, pairs of risers are combined using special jumpers located in the attic or top floor. An air vent must be installed at the top point.
A single-pipe wiring plan is shown.
A top-fill heating system involves installing an expansion tank with an air vent on the technical floor. The valves serve to cut off each riser from the general network.
The correct slope when installing pipelines makes it possible to ensure the drainage of coolant when opening air vents.
The top-filling branch has some features.
Important! The heating system of multi-storey buildings is adjusted by changing the diameter of the elevator nozzle.
That is, when its size changes, the heating level increases or decreases.
When delivering the coolant from the source to the heating devices, quite large heat losses occur, so certain measures must be taken to maintain the temperature regime.
In fact, there are only two ways out of this situation.
This is how the thermal insulation of heating pipelines works.
Above, instructions were presented regarding the design of heating systems in multi-storey buildings, so that apartment owners could assess the scale of the centralized network and its effectiveness. If necessary, an autonomous branch can always be created that will maintain the desired temperature in the living room. Additional information on this topic can be found by watching a special video.
Heating of any private home must be done not only correctly, but also in full accordance with the technical conditions of the facility. In this article we will look at how a heating system can be organized country house, and in what case it is best to use one or another scheme.
Let's start with the key point.
Photo of heating circuit
Let's look at the features of each solution in the comparison table below.
| Boiler type: | Features of the option: |
| Gas | If a main line with this energy carrier is connected to the house, then there is nothing to think about - you need to buy and install a gas heater. If the house is small (up to 150 sq. meters), then a wall-mounted device is suitable, and if it is a three-story cottage, then it is better to buy a floor-standing version. |
| Electric | In principle, this is not a very profitable option financially. However, if there is no gas, then there is nowhere to go. Boilers of this type are heating element and induction. The price of the first products is attractive, however, they do not last very long. Although induction ones are more expensive, they last not 5-7 years, but about 20. |
| Diesel and solid fuel appliances | They are distinguished by their autonomy and the ability to work on fuel such as firewood, pine cones, sawdust, straw, etc. Liquid fuel units operate either from diesel fuel or from waste oil. The option is quite good if there is no gas and there are power outages. |
Note! The heating scheme in the house may provide for the joint operation of two boilers at the same time - electric and, for example, solid fuel.
A solid fuel device can be used as a backup option - that is, it turns on at the moment when the electricity goes out.
Example of a system with simultaneous operation of two different boilers
We've sorted out the boilers, now let's decide on at least important elements systems.
Heating schemes for a country house usually provide two pipe options:
Steel pipes
Plastic line
Note! It is quite possible to do plastic heating of a country house with your own hands, since you do not need any special skills.
In addition, the installation of a plastic line is quite inexpensive, despite the fact that the result is really durable.
So it turns out that plastic pipes and a gas boiler are the best options. Besides gas heater You can buy not a regular one, but a double-circuit one for hot water supply.
As for radiators, for a private home it is better to use the following products:
Modern cast iron heaters
Tip: with natural circulation, a home heating scheme involves the use of large-diameter steel or plastic pipes. When implementing the first option, the heat is distributed evenly along the perimeter of the premises, and in the second case, the coolant enters the radiators as hot as possible.
Steel appliances
As for bimetallic batteries, then it is not advisable to use them for private houses, since bimetal is designed to work in high-pressure lines or where there is strong changes pressure
However, of course, if this is a heating scheme for a 3-story building, and even with an underground level, then perhaps bimetal is worth using. If you plan to have more pressure.
So, now let's look at specific home heating schemes - let's look at the options for organizing heating.
First of all, the heating scheme for a three-story house and any other is divided into two types:
The principle of the natural circulation system
Forced circulation
Now regarding the differences depending on the method of pipe routing.
In such a line, the coolant bypasses all radiators sequentially, that is, one by one, and then returns back to the boiler. It turns out that each subsequent battery receives colder liquid than each previous radiator.
This is what a single-pipe heating line looks like
In principle, it is believed that such a DIY home heating scheme is the most feasible, since you have to install a minimum of pipes and connections.
However, the disadvantages are obvious - each subsequent heater in the overall chain will be less and less hot. The option is suitable for situations with a small initial budget.
The point here is that two parallel pipes are connected to each battery - supply and return. That is, two highways are laid along the perimeter of the room - and from each of them lines extend to to different parties radiator
Double-pipe circulation principle
The advantage of this approach is the ability to regulate the flow power into each individual battery. It is also possible to completely shut off each heater. In the previous case, this would have been impossible to do, because the supply of coolant to each subsequent device would have stopped.
This type of system is very good, but it will require more pipes and fittings (due to the installation of taps and the creation of additional “turns”).
The manifold circuit of the heating system of a country house - done with your own hands is more complicated than all previous options.
The idea is that at the boiler outlet a special “comb” adapter is installed, from which a separate pair of supply and return pipes is led to each radiator.
There is, of course, a very large consumption of pipes, but a system of this type is quite convenient to use, since all adjustments are carried out in one place. The best option is to install it in big houses, where there are many rooms and heated floors.
Collector
Important! To ensure uniform fluid flow relative to each heater, such a system must be balanced before starting by adjusting the taps on the adapter.
In principle, this concludes our review, and now we can summarize.
We have figured out what the heating and hot water supply circuit of a country house consists of, and also examined on what principle this or that type of heating functions.
We hope that you will now be able to design a truly efficient and favorable heating for your home. If there is not enough information, then watch the video at the end of this article.
Water heating is the most efficient and economical home heating system. Various water heating schemes have been developed, and we want to consider their characteristics, advantages and operating features in a private home.
Heating the house with natural circulation of coolant.
Pipes and radiator batteries are a sure sign of water heating.
The main indicator of the comfort of any home is the air temperature in it, since a person can only live in a narrowly defined temperature range. However, in the continental latitudes of the northern hemisphere of our planet, the climate is far from this range, and people are forced to use artificial heat sources.
Previously, such a source was an open fire in a cave or hut, then the fire moved to the firebox of the stove located in the house. However, with the growth of the population, the issue of shortage of firewood and other types of fuel became more acute, and people faced the problem of increasing the efficiency of heating.
The first types of heating were imperfect.
Important! This is how the idea of using a coolant appeared - a substance that plays the role of an intermediary in the transfer of heat from the flame to the air in the house.
The problem is that gases do not conduct heat well, and if you have a large house, then to warm up distant rooms you will have to fire the stove for a very long time, while it will be too hot near the firebox, and cold in distant rooms. Therefore, the main task was to supply heat with minimal losses to each room.
A hot stove is not only dangerous, but also ineffective.
At this stage, we can formulate the basic requirements for the coolant:
The solution to the problem was in our hands.
Important! The substance most suitable for all of the above parameters turned out to be ordinary water, which has the highest heat capacity among liquids, is able to move through pipes and channels under the influence of gravity or pressure, is safe and incredibly widespread.
Thus, the task was concretized: it is necessary to create a scheme in which water will move along a strictly defined route from the furnace firebox to the heating devices.
The operating principle of a liquid coolant system.
Important! To put it simply, we need two heat exchangers and a pipe through which water will circulate between them. We install one heat exchanger in the firebox, where the liquid will heat up, and the second in the room, where the coolant will release the stored energy to the air.
A boiler is a device for producing heat from burned fuel.
If the source of thermal energy is fuel, then the means of obtaining it is a boiler. This is the heart of any fluid heating system. The efficiency of all heating depends on the reliability of the operation of this device, and in Russian winters this is one of the conditions for survival, so the first task is choosing a boiler.
Firewood is one of the most widely used types of fuel in Russia.
The most important criterion here is the availability and cost of the fuel on which the unit will operate.
There are these types of boilers depending on the fuel used:
Setting up a modern gas boiler.
If we talk about efficiency in terms of the cost of one kilowatt-hour of heat, as well as the availability and prevalence of fuel, then the undoubted favorites are gas and wood-burning units, with the former being the most preferable.
The photo shows a diesel unit.
Important! If your house is connected to a gas transportation system, then you should buy a gas boiler; if the mains are not connected, then you should choose a wood-burning option. Electricity and diesel are too expensive for the average consumer.
The presence of an open expansion tank at the top point indicates natural circulation.
A heating scheme with natural water circulation is the simplest and cheapest, but also the most inefficient system. With a small house size and heating areas, this is a completely workable option, the construction of which does not require serious calculations and complex installation work.
The principle of operation of such a system is simple: the boiler is installed at the lowest point of the room, preferably in the basement. Water fills a pipeline consisting of a supply pipe running up from the boiler, then the pipe gradually descends and passes through all the rooms, and finally returns to the firebox heat exchanger.
Natural circulation system.
When the burner is turned on, the water begins to heat up, expands and rises up the pipe due to the difference in density between the hot and cold liquid. Since the circuit is closed, the cold coolant mass is forced into the heat exchanger, and the liquid begins to circulate in the system in a circle, transferring heat from the flame to the radiators.
Open type expansion tank.
To compensate for the expansion and increase in the total volume of water in the pipes, an expansion tank is installed at the top point. It can be open, since the pressure in the pipes does not matter.
Important! It is necessary to know and take into account the rules for selecting pipe diameters and angles from inclination. It is believed that a slope of 5 mm per linear meter of pipe is sufficient; the clone is made in the direction of water movement.
Angles of inclination of pipes and their diameters.
For servicing small village houses such a scheme is quite acceptable. It does not require calculations and is carried out according to the standard scheme “like everyone else”, since the size and architecture of the houses do not have any special differences. Moreover, the design is relatively easy to assemble with your own hands and requires a minimum of materials.
The presence of a pump tells us about forced circulation.
A more advanced and efficient heating system is a scheme with forced circulation of coolant. This solution allows you to speed up the movement of water through the pipes and deliver still hot liquid to remote areas. The forced movement of water is carried out by a pump built into the pipeline.
Heating device with forced circulation.
Thanks to precisely calculated driving speeds, operating efficiency is increased, fuel consumption is reduced and indoor comfort is increased. To create complex, branched and multi-circuit systems, forced circulation is necessary.
The construction of such a structure will require more serious hydraulic calculations, selection and installation of a circulation pump, installation of protection, a closed hydraulic accumulator, pressure gauges and safety valves. In this case, there are no special requirements for the slope of the pipes.
Pump piping.
Important! During operation, the circulation pump does not create all the pressure that is present in the system. The fact is that the circuit is closed, and the water in it rotates like a wheel, and the pump overcomes only hydraulic resistance and friction, so the energy it consumes does not affect the cost of heating.
Instructions for connecting the pump.
From calculations it became known that the use of a circulation pump increases operating efficiency by 25 - 30%. In addition, for normal maintenance of multi-storey buildings, multi-circuit and collector circuits, the use of forced circulation is necessary. Almost all modern systems use this principle.
The type of pipe routing is important.
Another important difference between water heating systems is the type of pipe routing from the boiler to the radiators.
There are three main types of such wiring:
Single-pipe water supply.
A single-pipe supply organization is suitable for small houses with natural circulation, or for individual rooms - summer kitchens, workshops, saunas, etc.
The two-pipe scheme is considered more efficient due to uniform heating of devices, the ability to adjust the temperature in individual rooms, and more precise control of automation equipment. It is suitable for any type of building and is used most often.
Two-pipe supply model.
Manifold wiring is the most efficient and advanced, but its price is significantly higher due to the larger number of pipes, the need for additional equipment, fittings, as well as complex installation and calculations.
Collector-beam wiring.
Important! Today, the most common are two-pipe and mixed wiring, which can be combined with underfloor heating collectors.
Water heating is the only heat supply system that is truly effective in terms of price and quality ratio. At the same time, one must understand that equipment and organizational schemes are constantly being improved, and comparison of fashionable alternative systems with old types of water heating is absurd and unconvincing. The video will help you better understand this issue.
You can independently install a heating system not only in a one-story private house, but also in a two-story one with a layout area of up to 200 square meters. m. Self-installation The heating system of a two-story private house will allow you to significantly save money, but before carrying out work it is important to familiarize yourself with some of the features of arranging the heating network.
The water heating system has become very popular, which is actively used not only in private houses, but also in apartments. The principle of such a system is that the coolant is water, which is transported from the boiler to the radiators. Radiators release heat into the room, after which the cooled water again flows to the boiler for heating.
There are 5 types of heating schemes that can be used when installing the heating system of a two-story private house. These types include:
All types of heating methods can be combined with each other, which will allow you to build the most efficient scheme. To learn about the characteristics of each type, you need to analyze them.
A heating system with natural circulation is one of the very first schemes that was used when installing a water heating network in private homes. This scheme can be used for both one-story and two-story private houses. The gravity-type principle is implemented in the wiring features: the supply and return of the coolant is carried out through two horizontal-type mains, which are combined by single-pipe vertical risers and radiators.
The diagram of a heating system with natural circulation for a two-story house functions as follows:
An expansion tank installed in the attic requires insulation. If the water in the tank freezes, then when the heating is turned on, the increased volume of water will have nowhere to go, which can lead to a rupture of the heating pipe.
The disadvantage of this heating system is low speed supply of coolant to the radiators, so heating of the rooms occurs slowly. Very often, such options are modernized by installing circulation pumps. The main advantage of a gravity heating system is the ability to heat a room even in the absence of electricity.
Heating in a two-story house with a gravity system makes sense only when power outages frequently occur in the area where you live. Although this scheme has a significant advantage, it is modern buildings used extremely rarely.
A scheme with a single-pipe heating system for a two-story house can function normally only with the use of circulation pumps.
The connection diagram for heating elements for a single-pipe type is as follows:
Schematically, the piping layout of a single-pipe heating type is as follows:
Such systems are also called “Leningradkas”, since their installation was first used in former city Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). The main advantage of this option is the significant savings on pipeline installation. Despite the simplicity of the design, installation of such a circuit has some difficulties:
One of the main conditions for the functioning of a single-pipe heating system is the choice of the correct pipe diameter depending on the number of radiators. The diameter of the main line must be sufficient to ensure that the coolant is supplied to all radiators. Typically, pipes with a diameter of 25 to 32 mm are used for this.
The diagram of a two-pipe heating system for a two-story house is very simple. Its principle is to use two lines: supply and return. The coolant flows from the boiler to the radiators through the supply line, and cooled water flows into the return line and is returned to
boiler. Initially, both lines are installed, after which radiators in any quantity are connected to them.
The two-pipe option is the most efficient, since each radiator will receive coolant at the same temperature.
This heating system is divided into two types:
Both heating systems of a two-story house operate using forced circulation. Polypropylene pipes can be used as a material for installing highways.
Heating in a private house can be constructed from polypropylene pipes, with the exception of a gravity-type system. The use of polypropylene simplifies the installation process and also reduces its cost.
The collector coolant distribution system is also called radial, since it has the appearance of rays and is a type of two-pipe distribution. This is a modernized scheme that meets the requirements of efficiency, economy, as well as individual design. Features of the heating method are determined by the following factors:
The installation of an underfloor heating system is installed directly during the process of repair or construction work. There are two options for installing the floor system:
The ends of the floor-type pipes are connected to the manifold. The circuit is supplied with coolant from maximum temperature heating 50 degrees. This becomes possible thanks to the installation of RTL thermal heads on the manifold.
Warm floors are very popular, since when using such a heating system, the entire room is heated evenly. As practice shows, when installing such a system, it is not necessary to additionally install radiators in the room.
Knowing the types of heating systems that can be used to heat a two-story house, you need to pay attention to considering their advantages and disadvantages.
This system has the following advantages:
The disadvantages of this scheme include:
Despite the fact that many experts value such a system, its installation in private homes where uninterrupted power supply is provided is irrelevant.
The advantages of a single-pipe scheme include:
Among the disadvantages it should be noted:
The two-pipe scheme has the following advantages:
However, such a system also has disadvantages:
The main disadvantage of this type of system is the high cost of its construction. However, this high cost is justified by the functioning of the device. In addition, another disadvantage is the difficulty of constructing the system in inhabited houses, since this will require major repairs.
Otherwise, the system has some advantages, which is why it is very popular. It can be built either with individual heating radiators or in combination with heated floors.
The advantages of this type of heating include:
It is also important to note the negative aspects of this system, which include:
When all the advantages and disadvantages of each type of heating system for a two-story house are known, the appropriate conclusion can be drawn.
When choosing a suitable heating system, it is important to pay attention to the heat source. After all, not all systems are capable of working with gas wall-mounted boilers, such as natural circulation. In order to save money, many people install several heat sources in private homes. At night, the electric boiler is turned on, which operates at a reduced electricity tariff, and during the day, solid fuel or gas is used, depending on the availability of the gas main.
The choice of heating scheme for a two-story house depends on its area and layout. The most familiar and widespread scheme for dachas and country houses is still a heating system with natural circulation of coolant, not much different from the heating scheme for one-story houses.
The only feature of the heating distribution scheme with natural circulation in a two-story house is the choice of location for installing the expansion tank. There is no need to take it out into the attic and you can confine yourself to placing it anywhere on the second floor (of course, at the highest point of the room), ensuring the possibility of discharging the coolant.
With this method of connecting heating devices, the coolant enters them from above (top wiring), which ensures uniform heating of the radiators and heated rooms. To ensure directional movement of the coolant, pipes must be laid with a slope of 3-5 degrees, remembering that the diameter of the return pipeline should increase as it approaches the boiler.
The supply pipeline can be laid under the ceiling or under window sills. Examples of connecting radiators are shown in Figure 1.
Among the advantages of the heating scheme for a two-story house with natural circulation are:
Unfortunately, there are many more disadvantages in a heating system with natural circulation than advantages:
It is much more efficient to use heating systems with forced circulation of coolant in a two-story house. In this case, the easiest way to implement the following schemes:
You can do them yourself
With a single-pipe connection scheme for heating devices, the movement of the coolant is divided into two branches, one of which goes to the first floor, and the second to the second floor. On each floor, a shut-off valve is installed at the entrance of the heating pipe, which allows heating only half of the rooms.
After passing through the heating devices, the pipes with the coolant are again combined into one, going to the boiler. The connection of radiators on each floor is the same as for single-story buildings.
To regulate the heating level of radiators and balance the system, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet of each heating device. A shut-off valve is also installed at the outlet of the radiator, designed to shut it off in the event of replacement or repair. With this connection, heating devices can be replaced without stopping the entire system and draining the water. Also, a valve for releasing air is installed on each radiator in its upper part.
Radiators are installed with a bypass line, which significantly increases the uniformity of heating of the room. It is possible to install heating devices without a bypass line, but in this case it is necessary to install heating devices of different thermal power in the house, taking into account the loss of cooling of the coolant: the farther from the boiler, the more sections the radiator should have. If you do not follow this rule, then some rooms will be hot, while others, on the contrary, will be cold.
The heating scheme for a two-story house can be done without shut-off valves, or rather, with fewer of them, but at the same time its maneuverability is significantly reduced. In this case, there will be no need to talk about separate heating of the first and second floors.
The disadvantages of this type of heating system include the uneven distribution of heat across heating devices, as well as the need to balance the system.
The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation of coolant does not have all these disadvantages.
A two-pipe heating system for a two-story house with forced circulation ensures uniform heat distribution and is a more efficient system; it is not for nothing that it is often compared to the human circulatory system. In it, the heated coolant is supplied to each heating device separately through a branch from a common supply pipe. A branch is also provided for the return pipeline from each radiator.
Radiators are installed with air vents and shut-off valves on the supply pipe, which allows you to change the degree of heating of the heating device. For safety reasons and to avoid excess pressure in the heating device, shut-off valves are not installed at the return pipe outlet from the radiator. The supply pipe can be laid under the ceiling or under the windowsill.
The only drawback of a two-pipe heating system is its high material consumption: pipes are needed in double quantities for supply and return. In addition, pipes are difficult to decorate, and it is not always possible to hide them. The collector heating circuit does not have all these disadvantages.
The collector circuit can be used with equal success to heat both a one-story and two-story house. It works only with the forced movement of coolant, which is first supplied to the collector. At the same time, each heating device separately connected to the collector through shut-off valves.
This connection method allows you to install and dismantle heating devices on a running system, without stopping it and draining the coolant.
What to give preference
Any of the above heating schemes for a two-story house has been tested in practice and has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. There is no fundamental difference between them. It is much easier to implement a collector heating circuit in practice.
The topic of this article is a diagram of a two-pipe heating system for a two-story house and its practical implementation. The reader and I will have to figure out how to carry out heating wiring and connect heating devices, how to achieve uniform heating of all batteries, what pipes and radiators to purchase for installing a heating system. Let's get started.
Why should the heating circuit be a two-pipe system?
Because, compared to the simpler single-pipe Leningrad, it allows for more uniform heating of the batteries. At long length In a single-pipe circuit, the temperature difference between the supply and return will inevitably become noticeable and will force an increase in the size of the radiators, which is unprofitable and not always applicable from the point of view of room design.
A multi-section battery is a dubious decoration for a living room.
Please note that a single-pipe system is cheaper to install (simply due to the shorter total filling length) and is more fault-tolerant. As long as there is a pressure difference at the ends of the filling, stopping the circulation in it is impossible in principle.
Single-pipe Leningrad is a leader in fault tolerance.
All schemes of a two-pipe heating system for a two-story house have one thing in common: they have separate supply and return bottlings. The bottlings are connected to each other by jumpers with heating devices installed in their gap.
Depending on the location of the supply filling, there are schemes with lower and upper filling.
Place jumpers on cold attic- Not good good idea. When the circuit stops in cold weather, the water hangs in the risers, and the pipes in the attic become frozen within an hour after the heating is turned off.
In my opinion, exactly Top filling is most convenient in terms of use. In my memory, in houses with a top supply, there have never been serious accidents associated with heating defrosting, while in houses with a bottom supply, radiators and hoses in the entrances had to be heated every winter.
A two-pipe heating system in a two-story private house can be implemented with forced circulation of the coolant (a circulation pump is used for this) or with natural circulation, due to the difference in the density of the hot and cold coolant.
Forced circulation schemes are advantageous because:
Their main drawback is energy dependence: The pump requires 24/7 power. If the problem of short-term power outages can be solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply, then a power outage lasting several days will leave your home without heat.
Systems with natural circulation are completely energy independent.
How does such a heating system work?
Hydraulic resistance decreases with increasing internal cross-section of the pipe. The thicker the pours and liners, the faster the water circulates in them.
How it works?
The obvious disadvantages of a gravity heating system are large inertia, significant temperature differences between the first and last batteries in the direction of water movement, and high costs for installing bottling systems.
In those areas where power supply interruptions are periodic, installation of combined heating systems is practiced. Actually, they represent a classic gravitational circuit with a circulation pump embedded parallel to the bottling. A ball bearing is mounted between the pump taps. check valve.
This scheme works like this:
Let me emphasize: in such circuits only ball valves are used. A spring-loaded check valve requires a significant pressure differential to open. Even if it opens (which is unlikely), it will lose a significant part of the hydraulic pressure.
The classic heating scheme with wall or floor radiators is called convection: heat is distributed by heated air flows rising from the heating devices. Unfortunately, the mixing of air by these flows is not effective enough: the temperature under the ceiling is always several degrees higher than at floor level.
Since the inhabitants of the house, as a rule, do not have the habit of spending their leisure time on the ceiling, stronger heating of the upper part of the room volume has only one consequence - an increase in heat loss through the ceiling and roof.
Warm floorhas no such disadvantage. Pipes laid in a screed or under the finished floor covering heat the room as much as possible at the floor level, which allows you to achieve a comfortable temperature distribution at minimal cost.
Is it possible to combine a floor with a two-pipe system? If all the heating of the house is done using low-temperature in-floor heating, then only the section between the boiler and the collectors will be double-pipe. Further wiring will be collector (radial).
You see, heated floors have a limitation on maximum length circuit (100-120 meters), so heating a house usually consists of several parallel connected circuits.
If a heated floor is connected in parallel to high-temperature heating with radiators, it needs a temperature matching unit with a temperature sensor, a three-way or two-way valve and its own circulation pump.
The pump drives the coolant inside the low-temperature part of the circuit; the valve opens and lets a new portion of hot water into the underfloor heating pipes only when it cools down to a certain temperature.
What is balancing and why is it needed?
To explain this, I need to clarify a couple more concepts.
The Tichelman loop actually consists of several parallel circuits of the same length and the same hydraulic resistance. The temperature of the batteries in such a heating system will always be approximately the same.
Tichelman loop - several parallel circuits of the same length.
With a dead-end system, everything is much more complicated. The jumpers between the supply and return bottlings with radiators on them are several circuits of different lengths and, accordingly, with different hydraulic resistance.
As you might guess, the difference in hydraulic resistance will affect the rate of coolant circulation through the batteries near and far from the boiler. The bulk of the water will move along a short path; distant instruments will be noticeably colder, and in very coldy they may even be defrosted. There have been precedents in my memory, more than once.
To solve this problem, the permeability of the radiator connections closest to the boiler is artificially limited by throttling. For this purpose, throttles are used, which allow you to make adjustments yourself, or thermal heads that regulate the flow rate automatically and maintain the set temperature.
The temperature of the batteries after adjusting the chokes changes within half an hour to an hour. Manual balancing of a large enough circuit can take up to two days.
In general, aluminum sectional batteries are the best choice for an autonomous heating system. With maximum (up to 200-210 watts per section) heat transfer, they are attracted by the very affordable price of the section (from 250 rubles).
Here is the formula for calculating the heating needs of a house: Q=V*Dt*k/860.
In it:
Two variables require comments.
Dt is calculated as the difference between the temperature corresponding to sanitary standards (20 degrees for regions with the temperature of the coldest five-day period of winter up to -31C and 22 for colder areas) and the temperature of the coldest five-day period.
Winter temperatures for some Russian cities. The value we need is in the first column.
The value of k can be taken from the following table:
Let's say, for a two-story house measuring 6x12 meters and 7 meters high, located in Sevastopol (the coldest five-day temperature is -11), without external insulation and with single-chamber double-glazed windows, the heat requirement will be: 6*12*7*(+20 - -11)*1.5/860=18 kW.
With a thermal power of 18 kW and a section power of 200 watts declared by the manufacturer, their total number will be 18000/200=90 (for example, 9 radiators of 10 sections each).
Please note that the manufacturer’s data is only correct for a temperature delta between the coolant and the room of 70C (say, 90/20). Heat transfer decreases in proportion to the temperature difference and at 60/25 it will be only 100 watts per section.
For heating installation in a private house, you can safely use all types of high-temperature (with a declared operating temperature of 90C) plastic and metal-plastic pipes. I have aluminum reinforced polypropylene installed at home; with the same success one could choose metal-plastic on press fittings.
The fact is that the heating parameters in an autonomous circuit, with minimal sanity of its owner, are controllable and absolutely stable:
Pressure stability in a closed circuit during temperature fluctuations is ensured by the correctly selected volume of the expansion tank. It is usually taken equal to approximately 10% of the coolant volume in the circuit. The easiest way to measure its quantity is by filling the heating system with water and draining it into any measuring container.
And since all the parameters are predictable and stable, is it worth overpaying for reliability that simply won’t be in demand?
For heating, you should not use only metal-plastic on compression fittings with union nuts. The instruction is due to the fact that it is very sensitive to the slightest errors during assembly (in particular, to the displacement of the rubber sealing rings on the fitting) and often begins to leak at the connections after several heating and cooling cycles.
Use metal-polymer pipes with compression fittings on heating is not a good idea.
What should it be diameter of connections to batteries and bottlings?
The filling diameter depends on the method of inducing circulation. I have already given the parameters for the gravitational system; for a circuit with forced circulation, the filling diameter is determined by the thermal load on it. Here are the data for an average coolant speed of 0.7 m/s (at this speed there is still no hydraulic noise):
In practice, with a house area of up to 200 meters, a polypropylene pipe with a diameter of 25 mm is purchased for bottling; for connecting radiators, a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is purchased.
Do not forget that the nominal bore, approximately equal to the internal diameter, is marked only metal pipes. For plastic ones it is indicated outside diameter and wall thickness. You can calculate the internal cross-section of a pipe by subtracting twice the wall thickness from the outer diameter.
For a closed system with forced circulation, it includes:
In addition, all radiators located above the filling are equipped with Mayevsky taps or automatic air vents. On staples higher bottling, the same air vents are installed, and on the brackets located below bottling - vents for complete drainage of pipes.
Some types of boilers boast a safety group, pump and expansion tank installed inside the body. Before you go shopping, take the time to study the description of the device.
For sectional radiators, three connection methods are possible:
Which one should you choose?
The answer depends on two factors:
With a short length of the heating device (up to 7-10 sections) and standing wiring, it will be optimal side connection. The difference in diameter between the radiator collectors and the vertical channels inside the section will ensure its uniform heating along its entire length.
If the number of sections is more than 10 and the heating device is connected to a riser or a dispenser located above it, our choice is a diagonal connection. It will warm up all sections, regardless of their number.
With a large battery length and its location over the bottlings A two-way bottom connection would be more practical.
Here are its advantages:
So, we got acquainted with the varieties of two-pipe systems and the features of their installation in a private house. Additional information dear reader can study by watching the video in this article. I look forward to your additions and comments. Good luck, comrades!
Is it difficult to develop a water heating circuit in a multi-storey building on your own? Of course, there are some difficulties in this matter, but in general, the key to a high-performance system is a competent combination of standard solutions. We want to tell you about which heating system designs are optimal for a two-story house.
No matter what fans of forced circulation say, yes, it’s real. In reality, most professionals consider if not permanent job on a natural flow, then at least the opportunity to maintain part of the productivity during a power outage.
The first thing you need to do is to aim at increasing the power of the boiler. Moving heated water against the force of gravity requires energy, and since only heat is used to create a pressure difference, much more of it will be required, and heat losses will naturally increase.
Another issue is the efficiency of the system. For heating large areas The flow rate of the coolant is important so that it has time to maintain the temperature until the last radiator in the chain. Gravity systems are simply not capable of this, but they again maintain the flow even without a circulation pump, which means that at least the system will not defrost, and part of the house will even remain comfortable warm.
Heating system of a two-story house with natural circulation: 1 - boiler; 2 — open type expansion tank; 3 — feed; 4 — radiators of the second floor; 5 — radiators of the first floor; 6 - return
Acceleration of the flow is achieved by classical methods:
Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended to abandon systems without forced circulation - they are too uneconomical, and besides, pipes can only be laid openly. Instead of overpaying for wasted fuel year after year, it is better to spend money once and organize uninterrupted power supply to the boiler room.
Majority classical schemes applicable to multi-storey buildings and the single-pipe system is no exception. The supply riser rises from the first floor to the second. This pipe has the largest diameter, equivalent to the boiler pipes. The supply runs under all the radiators and after the last one is conventionally considered the return line. Since the pipe usually goes around the perimeter of the house, it is extended to the supply and lowered to the boiler in a common technical channel.
Another option is to lower the pipe to the first floor and run it in the same way below all the radiators and close it back into the boiler. For such a connection, high boiler power and high flow rate are required, otherwise an 8-10 radiator will no longer be enough high temperature. Therefore, it is optimal to make a floor-by-floor pipe distribution with the organization of two circulation circuits. If you want a clean Leningrad, think about a way to limit the flow in proportion to the distance of the radiators from the boiler, but remember that a single-pipe system always has a shorter wing length.
Radiators are connected to two points of one pipe without breaking. The greater the difference between the cross-section of the main pipe and the outlet, the less heat loss will be and the longer the line length. This connection allows you to turn the radiator into bypass mode and locally regulate the flow without affecting the overall operating mode - an impossible task for a classic single-pipe circuit.
With a two-pipe scheme, almost every radiator has a parallel connection to both the supply and return. This causes additional costs and an increase in the volume of coolant, but heat transfer is also possible over longer distances.
In modern installations it is used combined option two-pipe system. The supply runs along the upper floor, the return along the lower floor, they are connected at the very end by a pipe of nominal cross-section that closes the duct. Powered by supply top radiator, from its outlet - the next one and so on until the last one, from where the cooled water is discharged into the return line. This is the most economical option two-pipe circuit for heating large areas. There is only one drawback - open pipe laying.
In another version of the two-pipe scheme, the supply and return are laid together. The radiators are connected at two lower points, which helps to hide the main pipes in the floor: since the wiring prevents the pipes from rising above the radiator, it is called bottom.
Combining different types of circuits is very useful, it helps to “sharpen” heating system for various technical conditions. The technical implementation of such projects is simplified with the use of distribution manifolds.
The first type is a simple two-row comb with shut-off valves, which has a pair of outlets for each wing. Each of them can have a different number of radiators installed with an arbitrary connection diagram, but usually the total number of sections does not exceed ten.
The second type of collectors has transparent flasks with floats for visually adjusting the flow rate. Heated floor pipes and wings of different lengths are connected to such units; instead of ball valves, a valve regulator is installed on each line.
Manifolds for heated floors can be equipped with an additional recirculation pump and a general thermostat. This is very typical for multi-storey buildings, for example, when combining underfloor heating with radiators on different floors. The base coolant temperature is 60-70 degrees, which is very high for a heated floor. Therefore, the pump mixes in some of the return water, reducing the floor heating to 35-40 °C.
The construction of decoupling on collectors is also convenient for maintenance. You do not have to stop the entire heating system in the event of a breakdown, since each section can be switched off and drained selectively.
Typically, collectors for all floors are installed in the boiler room. This is convenient; the cost of an additional two dozen meters of pipes cannot be compared with organizing space for a separate collector unit, and they are quite cumbersome.
The boiler piping is classic: there are shut-off valves on the outlets, and a mud filter on the return connection. The pump is installed in the return gap and tied with a bypass. The membrane expansion tank is connected to an arbitrary point in the system, and the safety group is connected to a supply pipe a meter from the boiler.
1 - boiler; 2 - security group; 3 - membrane expansion tank; 4 — heating radiators; 5 - shut-off valves; 6 - circulation pump with bypass; 7 - coarse filter
As always, it is recommended to piping boiler room equipment with steel pipes, which have a lower coefficient of linear expansion than plastic. Packaging on a polymer thread using an anaerobic sealant would be preferable.
All that remains to be done to the heating system is to add drainage and water injection pipes at the lowest point of the system. If there is a heated floor, a pair of collector outlets are allocated for this purpose: drainage is performed through the return, and purging is carried out through the supply.
There are no special tricks in connecting radiators. As expected, a Mayevsky tap is screwed into one of the upper outlets; hot water can be supplied through the second.
However, the lower side pipe supply will be more aesthetically pleasing. Modern word In this regard, single-point connection devices are considered, due to which it is possible to connect both the supply and return to the same lower outlet of the radiator.
Using the same principle, you can make a point-to-point connection, but only on one side. This harness looks less cumbersome, plus there are many standard solutions. Usually threaded connections on radiators no more than one inch, so they can also be packaged using FUM tape.
