Many volcanologists have started talking about the fact that the Yellowstone volcano is waking up and could erupt at any moment! What then will happen to the United States and the rest of the world if this suddenly happens?
According to American volcanologists, the eruption of the largest volcano in the world, the Yellowstone Caldera, could lead to the Apocalypse.
Recently, the dormant volcano has begun to show more and more obvious signs of activity, which only further intensifies the situation around it.
So, quite recently, on the night of October 3-4, 2017, black smoke poured out of the volcano, which seriously frightened the residents of Wyoming. It turned out that the smoke was coming from Geyser "Old Faithful"- the most famous geyser of the volcano.
Usually a volcano ejects jets from a geyser hot water the height of a 9-story building with an interval of 45 to 125 minutes, but then instead of water or at least steam, black smoke began to pour out.
Why is there black smoke coming out of the volcano?- unclear. Perhaps this is burning organic matter that has approached the surface.
The first known eruption was two million years ago, the second was 1.3 million years ago, and the last earthquake occurred 630 thousand years ago.
The super-volcano beneath Yellowstone National Park has been growing at a record rate since 2004. And it can explode with a force a thousand times more powerful than several hundred volcanoes across the earth at the same time.
At any moment, with its eruption, it can destroy the territory of the United States, which could even begin a world catastrophe - the Apocalypse, as some American scientists believe.
Experts predict that the volcanic eruption will be no less powerful than all three times the Yellowstone volcano has erupted over the past 2.1 million years.
According to volcanologists, lava will rise high into the sky, and ash will cover nearby areas with a layer of 15 meters and a distance of 5,000 kilometers.
In the very first days, the US territory may become uninhabitable due to toxic air. The dangers in North America will not end there, as the likelihood of earthquakes and tsunamis that could destroy hundreds of cities will increase.
The consequences of the explosion will affect the entire world, as the accumulation of vapors from the Yellowstone volcano will envelop the entire planet. Smoke will make it difficult to pass sun rays, which will trigger the onset of a long winter. Temperatures around the world will drop to -25 degrees on average.
Experts believe that the country is unlikely to be affected by the explosion itself, but the consequences will affect the entire remaining population, as there will be an acute shortage of oxygen, perhaps due to the drop in temperature, first there will be no plants left, and then animals.
For example, before the earthquake, many pet owners noticed that their animals behaved extremely strangely: dogs barked incessantly, cats rushed around the house, etc.
As for Yellowstone, animals behave strangely there too. As news of the possibility of a super-volcano erupting became increasingly alarming, videos of bison escaping from Yellowstone National Park appeared online. This caused concern among people who decided that such behavior could be a sign of an imminent eruption of a super-volcano.
And although experts claim that these are just seasonal migrations of animals in search of food, the public still does not believe in such coincidences.
Analysis of molten rock from the Yellowstone super-volcano shows that an eruption is possible without any external influences, so disaster can strike at any moment. Well, if an asteroid falls on US territory, then the end of the world certainly cannot be avoided. By the way, read about the nearest dates of approach of dangerous asteroids and watch the video in THIS ISSUE!
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American scientists are alarmed to report that the Yellowstone volcano, the largest in the world, is active. This supergiant erupts every 600 thousand years, and each time it redraws the map of the continent. Is the volcano about to make itself known again?
One at a time, in pairs and in groups, bison flee Yellowstone National Park. Without being distracted by anything, even cars and people, the animals do not slow down. The video recording made by a bystander seriously alarmed the whole country. Many believed that the bison were not just running, but fleeing for their lives.
Local residents seriously thought about whether to run after the animals. After all, beneath Yellowstone National Park lies the largest volcano on the continent.
The size of the volcano is, of course, amazing. Four thousand square kilometers is 20 times larger than Washington with all its suburbs. The territory of the entire US capital is just a small part of the so-called “caldera” of the volcano, that is, the crater. And under it is a huge bubble filled with hot magma. Depth - like 15 Ostankino TV towers.
Recently, the super-volcano has been making itself known more and more often. The water temperature in the geyser lakes is now above normal, and the soil has risen. But the main thing is that since the beginning of this year, six dozen tremors have already occurred. Each time the vibrations become stronger.
“We had an earthquake of magnitude 4.8. This is the strongest tremors in more than 30 years,” says Al Nash, head of the press service for Yellowstone National Park.
Experts believe that the volcano can destroy life within a radius of one thousand kilometers, and the entire territory of North America will be under a 15-centimeter layer of ash. Global climate change will follow. Volcanologists believe that Yellowstone should erupt approximately once every 600 thousand years. 640 thousand have already passed since the last awakening.
"65 million years ago, the eruption of a similar super-volcano coincided with the fall of a meteorite in the Mexico region, and this was quite likely the one Double punch which caused the dinosaurs to become extinct. In the current situation, the United States will die out,” says New York University physics professor Michio Kaku.
Yellowstone National Park staff are trying to reassure the Americans, saying that the bison are driven by hunger and nothing more.
"We're seeing an exodus of bison, elk and other animals out of the national park. But we think it's a migration in search of food," says Al Nash.
But looking at the buffalo running en masse, it’s hard not to remember the stories of residents of Southeast Asia about how, in December 2004, for no apparent reason, the animals suddenly rushed inland. And soon a giant wave came, generated by an earthquake. About three hundred thousand people died then.
In the United States, on April 5, Internet users’ access to data from seismic sensors in Yellowstone Park was cut off without explanation. At the same time, eyewitnesses report with alarm that a loud rumble can be heard from the Yellowstone caldera.
Yellowstone Live Cam Apr 09 2015 Old Faithful
Now they have to independently search for information about events in the caldera area. Needless to say, the news looks very serious. The topic of the Yellowstone supervolcano has long been a very satisfying source of food for conspiracy theorists. And not only for them. The largest media resources and even Hollywood itself do not hesitate to indulge in this apocalyptic theme. In addition, in light of the current, to put it mildly, difficult international political situation, Yellowstone began to lay claim to an important geopolitical factor. A particularly significant “service” in this regard was provided by the widely known speech in the press by the popular military and political analyst, Doctor of Military Sciences, captain of the first rank Konstantin Sivkov. In his article “Nuclear Special Forces,” published a year ago, which caused some despondency even in the Pentagon, the Russian expert argued that the widest “oceanic ditches” that separate the United States from the rest of the world are not a guarantee of their complete impunity. According to Sivkov, Russia has the practical opportunity to exert a certain “detanation” effect on some areas of geological faults near and on the territory of the United States, the results of which will be truly catastrophic. As a variant of those “geophysical Achilles heels” that exist in the United States (along with the San Andreas, San Gabriel and San Jocinto fault areas), he specifically points to the Yellowstone supervolcano, if it erupts, as the article says, “the United States will stop your existence." This consideration is fueled, literally, by the fact that activity in the area of the specified Caldera in last years has a dangerous tendency to intensify. Recent data from geological monitoring centers has indicated that something serious is happening in Yellowstone. A video has appeared on YouTube, the author of which notes that he lives 600 miles from Yellowstone Park. He claims that he hears an incomprehensible roar from the direction of the park.
Yellowstone ALERT. Roaring outside..please read description
It"s dark mountain time but yellowstone still shows sunlight???On a loop again! Ground is sinking!!!
What will the eruption of Yellowstone lead to?
The largest supervolcano on the planet, located in Yellowstone National Park, in the US state of Wyoming. If an eruption begins here, the United States will be destroyed, and the rest of humanity will face a terrible cataclysm, the number of victims in which could number in the billions. The territory of the national park is located inside the so-called Yellowstone caldera, which is essentially the mouth of a giant volcano. The area of the caldera is 4 thousand square kilometers. For comparison, this is like four New Yorks, two Tokyos or one and a half Moscows. This is the most powerful volcano existing on the planet. The force of its eruption can be compared to the explosion of a thousand atomic bombs. Over the past 17 million years, the Yellowstone supervolcano has erupted regularly, throwing out huge amounts of lava and ash. And it still hasn't gone out. The thickness of the earth's crust in the caldera is only 400 meters, while on average on the planet it is about 40 km.
US authorities are preparing for the end of the world
It recently became known that in the United States a video has already been prepared for broadcast on television channels in case of the end of the world. A CNN video has appeared online, filmed in advance to be broadcast in the event of the end of the world. Video published former employee CNN's Michael Ballaban. According to him, this recording was required to be aired by the last surviving employee of the channel in the event of a global Apocalypse. The recording is allegedly kept in an archive with the note “Do not publish until the end of the world is confirmed,” reports the BBC. In the video, a military band plays the famous Christian hymn “Nearer My God to Thee.” CNN management has not yet confirmed or denied the authenticity of the recording, however, the creator of the television company Ted Turner in 1988 mentioned the existence of a special video in case of the end of the world.
Turner Doomsday Video
Supervolcano Yellowstone awakens
A few days before the explosion Earth's crust above the supervolcano will rise several tens, or even hundreds of meters. The soil will heat up to 60-70°C. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide and helium in the atmosphere will increase sharply. The first to erupt is a cloud of volcanic ash, which will rise into the atmosphere to a height of 40-50 km. Then lava will begin to erupt, pieces of which will be thrown to great heights. As they fall, they will cover a gigantic area. The explosion will be accompanied by a powerful earthquake and lava flows reaching speeds of several hundred kilometers per hour. In the first hours of a new eruption in Yellowstone, an area within a radius of 1000 kilometers around the epicenter will be destroyed. Here, residents of almost the entire American northwest (Seattle) and parts of Canada (Calgary, Vancouver) are in immediate danger. On an area of 10 thousand square meters. kilometers, streams of hot mud, the so-called, will rage. “pyroclastic wave” This most deadly product of an eruption will occur when the pressure of lava shooting high into the atmosphere weakens and part of the column collapses on the surrounding area in a huge avalanche, burning everything in its path. It will be impossible to survive in pyroclastic flows. At temperatures above 400°C human bodies they will simply cook, the flesh will separate from the bones. The hot liquid will kill about 200 thousand people in the first minutes after the start of the eruption. In addition, a series of earthquakes and tsunamis triggered by the explosion will cause huge losses. They will already claim tens of millions of lives across the globe. This is provided that the North American continent does not go under water at all, like Atlantis. Then the ash cloud from the volcano will begin to spread wider. Within 24 hours, the entire US territory up to Mississippi will be in the disaster zone. At the same time, volcanic ash is no less dangerous. Ash particles are so small that neither gauze bandages nor respirators protect against them. Once in the lungs, the ash mixes with mucus, hardens and turns into cement... As a result of the shedding of ash, territories located thousands of kilometers from the volcano may be in mortal danger. When the layer of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 15 cm, the load on the roofs will become too great and buildings will begin to collapse. It is estimated that between 1 and 50 people in each home will die immediately or be seriously injured. This will be the main cause of death in the areas around Yellowstone bypassed by the pyroclastic wave, where the ash layer will be no less than 60 cm. Almost the entire US territory will be covered with a thick layer of ash - from Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, which will be wiped off the face of the Earth, to Iowa and Mexico bay. The ozone hole over the continent will grow to such a size that the level of radiation will approach Chernobyl. All of North America will turn into scorched earth. Southern Canada will also be seriously affected. The Yellowstone giant will trigger the eruption of several hundred ordinary volcanoes around the world. Other deaths will follow from poisoning. The eruption will continue for several days, but people and animals will continue to die due to suffocation and hydrogen sulfide poisoning. During this time, the air in the western United States will be poisoned so that a person will be able to breathe in it for no more than 5-7 minutes. Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash ejected into the atmosphere will cross the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by air in 2-3 weeks, and a month later will cover the Sun across the entire Earth.
Nuclear winter
Soviet scientists once predicted that the most terrible consequence of a global nuclear conflict would be the so-called. "nuclear winter". The same thing will happen as a result of the explosion of a supervolcano. First, incessant acid rain will destroy all crops and crops, kill livestock, dooming the survivors to starvation. Two weeks after the sun disappears into dust clouds, the air temperature on the earth's surface will drop in various parts of the globe from -15° to -50°C and below. The average temperature on the Earth's surface will be about -25°C. The “billionaire” countries – India and China – will suffer the most from famine. Here, in the coming months after the explosion, up to 1.5 billion people will die. In total, in the first months of the cataclysm, every third inhabitant of the Earth will die. Winter will last from 1.5 to 4 years. This is enough to forever change the natural balance on the planet. Due to long frosts and lack of light, vegetation will die. Since plants are involved in the production of oxygen, it will become difficult for the planet to breathe. The fauna of the Earth will die painfully from cold, hunger and epidemics. Humanity will have to move from the surface of the earth for at least 3-4 years... For the population of North America, the chances of survival are minimal. In general, the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere will be almost completely destroyed. The greatest chances are in the central part of Eurasia. Most people, according to scientists, will survive in Siberia and the Eastern European part of Russia, located on earthquake-resistant platforms, remote from the epicenter of the explosion and protected from the tsunami.
The inglorious end of US sodom
If American authorities are aware of the problem, why are they not doing anything to prevent it? Why hasn’t information about the upcoming catastrophe reached the general public yet? The first question is not difficult to answer: neither the States themselves nor humanity as a whole can prevent the impending explosion. Therefore, the White House is preparing for the worst-case scenario. According to analysts from the CIA, “as a result of the disaster, two-thirds of the population will die, the economy will be destroyed, transport and communications will be disorganized. In the context of an almost complete cessation of supplies, the military potential remaining at our disposal will decrease to a level sufficient only to maintain order in the country.” As for notifying the population, the authorities recognized such actions as inappropriate. Saving an entire continent is an almost impossible task. The population of the United States is now close to 300 million. There will simply be nowhere for such a number of people, especially since after the disaster there will be no prosperous places on the planet. Each state will have big problems, and no one will want to aggravate them by accepting tens of millions of refugees. In any case, this is the conclusion reached by the Scientific Council under the President of the United States. According to its members, there is only one way out - to abandon the majority of the population to the will of fate and take care of preserving capital, military potential and the “elite”. Therefore, a few months before the explosion, the best scientists, military, high-tech specialists, and, of course, billionaires will be taken out of the country. To ordinary millionaires you will have to save yourself. Ordinary people in fact, they will be left to the mercy of fate.
What should ordinary Americans do?
The other day, information appeared that the US government allegedly offers to pay foreign countries $10 billion a year for 10 years if they agree to provide urgent shelter for Americans when the Yellowstone supervolcano begins to act (it is precisely this date for the next eruption that Dr. Jean-Philippe insists Perrillat from the National Center scientific research in Grenoble, France). The African National Congress (ANC) government in South Africa has already received a request from the US, according to which South Africa will receive a specified sum of $10 billion (about R100 billion) over 10 years, in exchange for providing temporary housing to millions of Americans. Countries that will participate in the plan include Brazil, Argentina and Australia. The South African Cabinet has decided to reject the US request for now. South African Department of Foreign Affairs spokesman Dr Sipho Matwetwe said South Africa"will not be part of the plan because there is a risk that millions of white Americans could be sent to our country in emergency, and we believe that this is a threat to black national culture and identity... We are sympathetic to America's Yellowstone problem, but we have our own problems in South Africa. There are 200 million white people in America, and if too many of them move to South African countries... it will destabilize the country and maybe even bring back apartheid. South Africa is not for sale."
God bless Liberia
The above information became known thanks to the efforts of the American scientist and journalist Howard Huxley, who has been working on the problems of the Yellowstone volcano since the 80s, has established connections in geophysics circles, like many famous journalists was associated with the CIA and is a recognized authority in scientific circles. Realizing what the country was heading for, Howard and his like-minded people created the Foundation for Saving Civilization. Their goal is to warn humanity about the impending disaster and give everyone a chance to survive, not just members of the elite. Over the course of several years, Foundation employees have accumulated a wealth of information. In particular, they calculated exactly where the cream of American society would go after the disaster. doomsday vault.jpgThe island of salvation for them will be Liberia, a small state in West Africa, traditionally following in the wake of American politics. There have been massive injections of money into this country for several years now. There is a network of excellent roads, airports and, as they say, an extensive system of deep, very well-maintained bunkers. In which the American elite is going to sit out for several years until the situation stabilizes and they begin to restore their influence in the world. Probably, the Doomsday Vault, a huge armored safe in the rocks of Spitsbergen, built with the money of American billionaires to store seeds of most plant species, can be attributed to the same plan. This is supposedly why the White House and the Scientific Council are now trying to solve urgent military problems. The coming catastrophe will be perceived by most religious people as God's punishment for America. Surely many will want to finish off “Shaitan” while the Judeo-Protestant “elite” licks its wounds. You can't think of a better reason for jihad. This is one of the reasons why, since 2003, preemptive strikes have been carried out on a number of Muslim countries in order to destroy their military potential. The problem is that due to the aggressive policy, the United States has more and more ill-wishers...
Only numbers
Back in 2006, the BBC noted that supervolcanoes can claim billions of lives and devastate continents: Yellowstone's explosion is 2,500 times more powerful than the force of Etna's last eruption. The Yellowstone caldera will emit 15 times more ash than the Krakatoa volcano, which killed 36 thousand people. Visibility will decrease to 20-30 cm due to the resulting ash curtain. The caldera formed after the explosion of the Yellowstone volcano will accommodate Tokyo, the largest city in the world. The radius of total destruction of all living things in the first minutes after the start of the eruption is 1200 km. The force of the Yellowstone volcano eruption is estimated at 1000 atomic bombs exploding simultaneously. After the Yellowstone disaster, 1 in 1000 earthlings will survive...
California might just disappear
According to geologists from the USA and Mexico, the likelihood that the North American continent could completely disappear is very high.
American geologists make these conclusions after conducting numerous studies based on data previously obtained by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Southern California Earthquake Center and the California Geological Survey. Thus, tremors in California can spread very quickly due to the San Andreas Fault. As geologists note, during an earthquake with a high magnitude, the tremors will quickly diverge, causing new earthquakes. Back in 2008, scientists estimated the probability of a disaster at 4.7%, while now, in their opinion, it has increased to 8%. An example of this, according to scientists, is the El Mayor Cucapah earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 in 2010, the tremors from which spread to other faults, causing a chain reaction, and based on this, in the future, geologists do not exclude the possibility that almost all of North America could be destroyed by earthquakes. It is also impossible not to take into account the Yellowstone volcano, which may awaken due to such a coincidence of circumstances and this will definitely lead to the death of the continent..
The theme of the apocalypse remains relevant, and many are pinning their hopes on the American mega-volcano. Bloggers know about this and are all thinking about what else to write about Yellowstone. As a result, under the guise latest news Unverified or long-outdated information is spreading across the Internet.
At least when I write about it, I check the information. Of course, I could be wrong or fall for a high-quality fake. But I won’t deliberately post nonsense on my NeFacto. Well, on this page I will publish normal, real news and, if possible, debunk empty rumors.
At the end of the month, scientists were able to restart the Norris thermal sensor network. Now data on temperature changes in different parts of the caldera are coming from all stations except Steamboat, which was turned off due to a recorder failure.
The volcano's seismic activity in January was weak; Yellowstone shook only 84 times. The largest event (score 3) occurred on the 23rd, 5 miles south-southwest of West Thumb. On the 22nd-23rd, a small swarm of 12 localized aftershocks was recorded 8 miles north of West Yellowstone. But their magnitude did not exceed 1.3. Seismicity remains at background levels.
Ground subsidence of the caldera, which began in 2015, is still proceeding at a rate of several mm per month. But in the Norris Geyser Basin area, soil uplift has slowed down; GPS data show no vertical deformation.
The American government has partially stopped funding scientific projects. However, the USGS (United States Geological Survey), NPS (National Park Service) and YVO (Yellowstone Volcano Observatory) continue to maintain monitoring networks and monitor the caldera.
December seismicity includes 121 events. The magnitude of the largest was 3.1. It occurred on the 20th, 19 miles west-northwest of West Yellowstone. A swarm of 53 localized tremors was recorded on the 31st, 5 miles from Lake. Seismic activity remains at background levels.
Steamboat Geyser erupted three times in December. In general, there were 32 eruptions in 2018, which exceeds the 1964 record.
The dynamics of surface deformations that began in 2015 have not changed.
In early November, access to Yellowstone Park was temporarily suspended (a seasonal closure not related to the volcano). Scientists conducted field work in the Upper Geyser Basin, where they recovered seismic sensors. The study of hydrothermal activity continues, which is gradually increasing.
As well as seismicity, which has noticeably decreased in recent months. But in November the region shook 126 times. The strongest event (magnitude 2.4) was 15 miles north of West Yellowstone on the 4th. It was part of a swarm that included 57 localized earthquakes and lasted the entire month. The second swarm occurred November 21-24, 16 miles southwest of Mammoth, where 22 tremors were recorded. Seismic activity remains at background levels.
Surface deformations continue, but with less intensity. Scientists believe that the pause is seasonal.
In October, seismicity remained weak - only 68 earthquakes. The largest of them (magnitude 2.7) occurred on the 21st, 14 miles from West Thumb. And again - not a single swarm. Supervolcano activity remains at background levels.
The surface deformation recorded by GPS stations also does not change. There is uplift near the Norris River basin and subsidence in other areas at a rate of several centimeters per year.
But hydrothermal activity continues to increase. The Steamboat Geyser alone now erupts every week.
Field work is now aimed at preparing monitoring systems for winter. For example, in early October, a semi-permanent network of 12 GPS stations was removed. But in May 2019 they will be installed again.
September was marked by increased hydrothermal activity. Existing geysers (Steamboat, Ear Spring and others) erupted more often than usual. Plus, new thermal elements have been discovered. Due to the release of boiling water, access to the Geyser Hill area was even blocked. Scientists have established there temperature sensors and temporary cameras to monitor these processes.
But seismicity was rather weak - only 57 events. The largest (magnitude 2.9) occurred on September 11, 16 miles from Mammoth, WY. No swarm activity was observed. Everything remains at background levels.
Surface deformation showed little change. They consist in reducing the rate of ground movement. Let me remind you that since 2015, the soil has been swelling in some areas and subsiding in others.
In August, Yellowstone seismographs recorded only 102 events. The magnitude of the largest was 2.5. It occurred on the 7th, 13 miles north-northwest of Pahaska Tepee.
But there were 3 small swarms: August 2-3, 8 miles north of West Yellowstone (the area shook 13 times), August 26, 4 miles north of West Thumb (14 times), and August 29-30, 14 miles south. southeast of Mammoth Hot Springs (12 times).
Seismic activity in Yellowstone remained at background levels.
Ground deformations (rise and subsidence of the caldera) also remain unchanged.
In August, scientists conducted a series of studies to understand the age and characteristics of numerous lava flows that erupted after the supervolcano's last major explosion. In addition, work has been completed with major funding from the National Science Foundation studying the Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal system.
Seismicity in July was low. Scientists report only 153 earthquakes, and only weak ones. The largest of them, magnitude 2.5, occurred on the 4th, 8 miles from West Thumb.
It was part of a small swarm of 12 events that occurred between the 2nd and 10th.
A larger swarm was observed between 16 and 27 July 14 miles south-southwest of Mammoth. Then the caldera shook 77 times, but the magnitude of the tremors did not exceed 2.3.
Area activity remains at background levels.
The soil movement according to the data of all GPS stations without exception was uniform. The rates of caldera subsidence and Norris uplift remain the same.
A new gas sensor system was installed in July at Bison Flat and Norris Geyser Basin. A control array of this scale was the first of its kind. Previously, emissions monitoring consisted only of spot checks or temporary deployments of small systems, which, of course, did not provide a complete picture. Meanwhile, there is a problem. I have a note about, the concentration of some of them in the caldera is off the charts. Scientists hope that the flow of data from the new sensors will finally provide an understanding of how the concentration of volcanic gases changes depending on the season and other conditions (wind, rain, temperature, humidity).
In June, the seismicity of the caldera was weak. Scientists recorded a total of 76 events. The magnitude of the strongest was 2.3. It occurred on the 30th, 9 miles northeast of Old Faithful.
From June 9 to June 13, there was a small swarm of 17 earthquakes up to magnitude 2.1 13 miles south-southeast of Mammoth.
Another swarm began on the 11th and continued for a month.
Volcanic activity remains at background levels.
Ground subsidence in June continued at the same rate. Some GPS stations near Yellowstone Like were showing seasonal signals showing increased subsidence. But this picture is associated with changes in the lake level. This is repeated every year when the water level and, accordingly, its pressure on the earth's surface reach maximum values. The rise in the Norris River Basin region has been modest over the past month.
In June, scientists installed temporary seismometers around Yellowstone Like. This will allow them to better understand the processes taking place there.
In May, seismographs detected 123 events. But the magnitude of the strongest did not exceed 3.1. It was recorded on the 6th, 9 miles northeast of West Yellowstone.
Activity continues in the Maple Creek area.
But overall seismicity remains at background levels.
Subsidence of all parts of the caldera continues, the ground drops by several centimeters per year. The rise in the Norris River basin area is proceeding at the same rate.
Scientists have now installed 12 additional semi-permanent GPS stations around the park. They will allow us to fill in the “gaps” in observations and better understand the characteristics and causes of soil deformation in the region.
During April, the supervolcano exhibited seismic activity 200 times. The strongest aftershock, magnitude 2.7, occurred on the 7th, 7 miles north of West Yellowstone.
During the period April 11-16, a swarm of 115 earthquakes was recorded 8 miles from West Thumb. But their magnitude did not exceed 2.4.
Such activity is considered normal for the region.
Subsidence of all sections of the Yellowstone Caldera continued at a rate of several centimeters per year in April. Norris Geyser Basin strains have been very low over the past month.
In March, the seismic activity of the supervolcano included 97 events. The largest (magnitude 2.2) occurred on the 18th, 7 miles northeast of West Yellowstone.
It became part of a small swarm of 29 aftershocks.
The second swarm of 26 events was on March 11, 9 miles northeast of Old Faithful.
Yellowstone activity has returned to background levels.
The patterns of ground deformation characteristic of the last few years continue.
On March 15th the Steamboat Geyser woke up. The awakening of the world's tallest geyser was accompanied by strong shaking of the earth. In general, it erupts once every 50 years, but in recent years it has been happening much more often. Experts believe that the disruption in the periodicity of Steamboat Geyser eruptions against the backdrop of strong seismic activity in the Maple Creek area is associated with the movement of magma to the surface. Here it should be added that not so long ago other geysers woke up: Echinus Geyser, Giant Geyser... And now – Steamboat.
February is characterized by increased seismic activity. During the month, instruments recorded 569 tremors. The largest of them (3.1 points) was on the 18th.
February seismicity was marked by an energetic swarm, which accounted for 537 localized earthquakes, including the strongest of the month. This swarm activity was observed 8 miles northeast of West Yellowstone. However, data processing is still underway.
The ground deformation patterns characteristic of the last few years continue. GPS stations in the caldera are sinking by several mm per year. The station near the Norris Geyser Basin is rising at the same rate.
The pictures show the same swarm. But look what a difference! The USGS monitoring system (left) does not display all events. True, they already explained this by saying that shocks that are too weak are not included in the statistics. But even the magnitude of the strongest event for the month in the official report is slightly underestimated (3.1 instead of 3.4). However, maybe they were just mistaken.
The beginning of the year was marked by rather low activity of the supervolcano. Seismographs recorded only 108 minor tremors with low magnitude. The largest (2.4) was on the 9th, 9 miles northeast of the lake.
A small swarm of 23 events occurred Jan. 11-13 14 miles northeast of Old Faithful.
Seismicity remains at low background levels.
But the nature of soil deformation changed again. Subsidence in the Norris Geyser Basin that began in December stopped earlier this month. Now this section of the caldera is rising again. However, neither the subsidence nor the uplift of the soil was accompanied by any significant seismic events. Most likely, Norris's anomalous subsidence is associated with a temporary change in the storage conditions of hydrothermal fluids under the geyser basin.
In December, the seismicity of the volcano remained at a low level. Of the 86 more or less significant events, the magnitude of the strongest did not exceed 2.3. It was on the 18th, 22 miles northeast of the lake.
A small swarm occurred on December 4-5 near Mount Holmes. The area then shook 18 times.
December seismicity is consistent with typical background activity observed over the past few years.
But the nature of the earth’s deformation has changed. The recovery in the Norris Geyser Basin, which had been ongoing since late 2015, suddenly stopped. Now in the same area the soil settles at a rate of 2 cm. Similar situation was already in the spring of 2014, when the Norris uplift also abruptly switched to subsidence. But this time the process is not accompanied by any anomalous seismic activity.
A number of sites reported that the Yellowstone supervolcano was moving. Allegedly, he may disappear from the park and appear somewhere else. The process is associated with the movement of lithospheric plates. But it's not that bad! Over the course of a year, the volcano crawls only 2.3 cm. That is, in 6 million years the access point will be somewhere in Montana. I don’t know if this can be called news, but for some reason many people wrote about it...
In November, 290 node seismometers were installed around the Upper Geyser Basin (near the Old Faithful geyser). They allow you to record seismic signals and thermal characteristics. Now scientists will be able to control the behavior of geysers and hot springs. The study focused on the Geyser Hill region, which has the most concentrated hydrothermal activity on Earth.
Well, the seismicity of the caldera remains at a low level. Only 63 more or less significant events took place there. Moreover, their magnitude did not exceed 2.1.
No other activity was observed.
Ground deformation was also minimal.
This month, scientists completed the restoration of semi-permanent GPS stations, expanding the existing network. Maybe now the data on the activity of the volcano and the general situation there will be more accurate...
So, 111 events are reported in October. The largest occurred on the 30th 7 miles northeast of West Yellowstone and 3 miles north-northeast of West Thumb. But in both cases the magnitude of the shocks did not exceed 2.2.
Also marked by October seismicity was an ongoing but weakening swarm north of West Yellowstone. There have been 60 earthquakes there, adding to the 2,475 events recorded in the same area since June.
Another swarm was spotted 3 miles northeast of West Thumb. There the caldera shook 21 times.
Such seismicity is normal and corresponds to typical background activity.
The rate of soil deformation also remains stable and does not exceed historical norms.
In addition, a gravity study has been completed to assess seasonal variations in gravity associated with changes in surface and groundwater levels. Nothing abnormal was found there either.
The seismic storm that raged in the caldera all summer is over. In September, only 115 more or less significant events were recorded. The largest shock, which occurred on the 16th, 11 miles south of Old Faithful, reached a magnitude of 3.2.
September seismicity was marked by a single swarm 6 miles north of West Yellowstone. But this time the area shook only 78 times. The magnitude of the tremors did not exceed 2.3.
Activity has clearly weakened. Let me remind you that in August there were 894 earthquakes, in July – 475, and in June – 1028 earthquakes. So everything returned to normal background levels.
The same applies to soil deformation. Subsidence and uplift of the soil in the caldera and to the north of it are proceeding at the same rate, which is within the limits of historical norms.
In August, the USGS reports 1,029 significant events. The largest of them (3.3 points) occurred on the 20th. It was part of a continuum of activity that began on June 12th.
Now another 894 localized earthquakes have been added to this swarm. Let me remind you that in June there were 1028, and in July - 475. All of them occurred near Hebgen Lake, 6-10 miles north of West Yellowstone.
In addition, a small swarm was observed on August 14-18. Then, 9 miles northeast of Old Faithful, the area shook 34 times.
Finally, on the 19th-20th there was a series of 22 tremors. Scientists recorded them 10 miles south of West Thumb.
The supervolcano's seismicity remains at elevated levels compared to typical background activity.
But ground deformations are still within historical norms.
If we compare different systems monitoring, the discrepancy is clearly visible. Look, this is what the US Geological Survey website (on the left) and the Utah State University website (on the right) display for the same interval (scans taken on August 21). It would seem that information is being suppressed? May be. But the USGS explains this by saying that in fact Yellowstone shakes more often; thousands of earthquakes are simply not included in the statistics because they are too small or overlapped by other events.
The seismic storm that erupted in June has subsided. This month, 528 significant events were recorded.
The magnitude of the largest reached 3.6. It was recorded on July 18, 9 miles northeast of West Yellowstone.
It became part of a swarm that began in the same area on June 12. But while 1,028 earthquakes occurred there last month, another 475 were added to them in July.
Seismicity remains at elevated levels compared to typical background activity.
Soil deformations continue at the same rate, which fits into standard norms.
In June, the activity of the supervolcano increased greatly. It's clearly too early to write him off. Over the past four weeks, the stations responsible for operating and analyzing this seismic network have reported 1,171 earthquakes.
The strongest earthquake occurred on June 16, its magnitude reached 4.4 points. It was about 9 miles north-northwest of Lake Hebgen where a vigorous swarm was observed mid-month. The cities of Gardiner and West Yellowstone shook at the same time.
June seismicity includes four distinct clusters of episodic events:
On June 1st and 2nd there is a small swarm 14 miles southwest of Mammoth. The area shook 22 times, but the magnitude of the tremors did not exceed 2.6.
The second began on June 12. Then comparatively small area, located 6 miles north of West Yellowstone, seismic activity was off the charts. Scientists have recorded 1027 earthquakes.
On the 13th, swarm activity was also observed 13 miles east of West Yellowstone. But of the 13 events, the magnitude of the largest was only 1.7.
Finally, a fourth swarm occurred on June 14 and 15 east-northeast of West Yellowstone. He included 41 cases. The magnitude of the strongest was 2.3.
The activity of the supervolcano in the past month was an order of magnitude greater than anything we have observed in recent years. But what this means is still difficult to say. It is not at all necessary that an eruption will begin soon. But we cannot exclude this either.
But ground deformations continue to slowly weaken. Uplift in the north, concentrated near the Norris Basin, is occurring at a low rate. This behavior has been observed over the past few months and, apparently, will not change for now.
A series of tremors shook Yellowstone Park. According to the USGS, the magnitude this time reached 4.36, and the depth ranged from 1.5-10 km. The epicenter of all events was a section of the caldera 10-15 km east of Lake Hebgen, between Campanula Creek and Richards Creek (West Yellowstone). Against the background of the relatively low activity that we have seen since the beginning of the year, the swarm looks impressive. The volcano reminds itself again. In just a few days, 428 earthquakes were recorded there.
In May, the volcano's activity increased slightly, and the caldera shook 94 times.
The strongest aftershock (magnitude 2.9) occurred on the 7th, 8 miles northeast of West Yellowstone.
This event was part of a small swarm of 27 earthquakes that was observed May 5-8.
Seismic activity in the area remains low.
As for soil deformation, everything is the same. The current subsidence and uplift of the soil fit into historical norms.
Only 61 events are reported in April.
Yellowstone shook the most on the 21st, when the magnitude of the tremors reached 2.4. It was 2.5 miles north-northeast of the lake.
No swarms were observed.
The seismic activity of the volcano decreases and remains at a low background level.
Soil deformations in controlled areas continue to slowly subside. North of the caldera, uplift occurs at a low rate.
In March, stations responsible for monitoring and analyzing the seismic zone recorded 63 events there.
The largest, with a magnitude of 2.9, was on the 29th, 11 miles north of Pahaska Tepee.
There were no swarms.
Caldera activity remains at low background levels.
Uplift near Norris Geyser Basin has stopped for now.
In the intervening period, Yellowstone has only been shaken 48 times.
The magnitude of the tremors reached a maximum value of 2.4. The event was recorded on February 09, 16 miles south of Mammoth.
There was not a single swarm.
The seismic activity of the volcano was at a low background level.
Deformation of the earth's surface in the Norris Geyser Basin region, which began in late 2015, has now ceased. The area began to slowly settle. This has already happened similar models fit within the limits of historical norms.
Well, here are some more photos from those places:
Want to see photos of Yellowstone? A selection of rare photographs that were practically never published on the Internet. Among them: old slides, a chronicle of a major earthquake, modern photos from NASA archives, and simply beautiful images.
Did you know that there is a supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park? Perhaps you've heard that an eruption could happen much sooner than expected, within months or even days?
Researchers from Arizona State University spent weeks studying fossilized ash deposits from the Yellowstone volcano and recently shared their findings. Minerals in these sediments showed that the critical changes in temperature and composition that precede an eruption accumulate over decades, not thousands of years, as previously thought.
"It's shocking how little time it takes for a volcanic system to be quiet and unchanged until it erupts," said Hannah Shamloo, a graduate student at Arizona State University who worked on the study.
The good news is that scientists will likely be able to predict an eruption a decade in advance.
Sometimes knowing about the world around us makes us more in control of our lives and survival. And sometimes such knowledge only emphasizes how small and helpless we are in front of the forces.
Here are some facts about the Yellowstone supervolcano:
No, of course not. There are about 20 other supervolcanoes around the world. While Yellowstone hasn't had a super-eruption in 631,000 years, others have been active more recently. On the Phlegrean Fields, a supervolcano in Italy, the latest major eruption happened 12,000 years ago. According to the researchers, the Phlegrean Fields are in a “critical condition.” The Aug. 22, 2017, eruption, which killed several women and injured several others, was a minor event compared to the largest known eruption 39,000 years ago. Then there was a release of more than 200 km³ of magma, which probably contributed to the disappearance of the Neanderthals and led to prosperity modern people in Europe and Asia.
If this supervolcano erupts, more than 1000 km³ will enter the atmosphere rock and ash. This is five times more than the super eruption of the Phlegrean Fields in Italy. An eruption at Yellowstone would produce a cloud of volcanic ash more than 500 miles wide, extending across nearly the entire western United States.
The explosion could be so strong that there is a possibility of a volcanic winter across the entire planet. This means it will be impossible to grow crops, and current food stores will only last 74 days, according to a 2012 United Nations estimate (although advances in agriculture are allowing plants to be grown underground).
According to NASA, volcanic eruptions pose a greater threat to life on Earth than any asteroid. Fortunately, NASA has a plan to neutralize the threat from super-volcanoes by drilling into the volcano to a depth of 10 km to release heat and avoid a potentially dangerous eruption.
Thanks to this, a supervolcano can cool for hundreds or even thousands of years. There is another bonus: thanks to drilling, a source of geothermal energy will appear. But there are also significant risks. Such interference can also trigger an unexpected eruption.
Although new research confirms the possibility of occurrence within several decades favorable conditions for the Yellowstone volcano eruption, the likelihood that you will personally witness an explosion of this magnitude is still very low.
According to the USGS, the odds of a supervolcano erupting within this year are 1 in 730,000. Here's a quick comparison: That odds are significantly better than your odds of winning the lottery and only slightly worse than the odds of being struck by lightning .
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