Starting construction or renovation wooden house, you have to purchase different boards, while the buyer knows the total length, but the seller sells the lumber by volume. This article will help you correctly determine the number of any boards in one cubic meter, which will allow you to avoid purchasing too many large quantity lumber.
The volume of one board is determined in the same way that was used at school - by multiplying the length by the width and thickness. Or multiplying the width by the length and thickness. It doesn't matter in what order you multiply the board sizes, the result will always be the same. For example, a standard “fifty” board has the following dimensions:
To facilitate multiplication, it is necessary to convert all dimensions to common units - meters or centimeters. It’s easier to carry out these calculations in meters, then you don’t have to divide the resulting number by a million to convert it to cubic meters.
For your convenience, we have created a table with the most common sizes of boards and timber, as well as their quantity in one cubic meter
|
Size in millimeters |
Volume of one board cubic m. |
Number of boards in one cubic meter |
When implementing construction work for the construction of a residential building, a specialist must perform a large number of different tasks, one of which is: drawing up and calculating the estimated cost before the final finishing of the premises of a residential building. It is mandatory to calculate the required amount of various building materials, which is quite difficult to do. Therefore, such knowledge - how many boards are in a cube - is very important for a specialist who is engaged in the construction of a residential building and wants to complete the work as efficiently and quickly as possible.
To calculate exactly how many board pieces are in a cube, you will need to know not only what exactly a board cube means, but it is worth understanding important point that exist different kinds boards and what is possible to purchase on modern market for performing various construction works. It should be noted that the cube of almost all materials, regardless of the type of material, is calculated in the same way, that is, according to one specific method. The types of boards have no influence on the calculation of the cubic capacity of this building material.
Non-grooved types of lumber are: timber, various edged boards, as well as unedged boards (they are an exception when calculating cubic capacity, because this process occurs a little differently). Tongue-and-groove types (which have special grooves for making joints) include: modern lining, blockhouse, flooring material, as well as imitation of natural timber. When you choose a tongue-and-groove type of building material for purchase, then you will need to pay attention to the fact that when making calculations, only the working width of the board without a tenon is used. If we talk about a blockhouse (imitation log), then when calculating the cubic capacity, only the thickness at its highest point is taken.
Any person, even from his school days, understands how cubic capacity is calculated. For this procedure, it is necessary to calculate quantities such as: length, width and height. A similar principle is used to calculate the cubic capacity of 1 board. When performing such calculations, it is recommended to convert all available values into meters. The cubic capacity of 1 board, which has a cross-section of 150x20 mm. and a length of 6 m, is calculated as follows: 0.15 multiplied by 0.02 and 6, so that the cubic capacity of this board will be 0.018 cubic meters.
Let's apply the volume formula V= L*h*b (where L is length, h is height, b is width).
L= 6.0; h= 0.02; b= 0.15.
Thus, V= 6.0*0.02*0.15 = 0.018 m3.
To determine how many boards are in one cube: divide 1 m3 by cubic capacity (the volume of one board).
1 m 3 / V = N pcs.
1 m 3 / 0.018 m 3 = 55.55 pcs.
Thus, the number of boards in one cube is 55.5 pieces.
Finding out the cost of a certain type of board when the values of its volume is known is quite easy: 0.018 multiplied by the price of 1 cubic meter. When 1 cube of a certain type of board costs, for example, 5,500 rubles, then the cost will be 99 rubles. At this moment of calculation, there is some trick of sellers and managers in construction stores, because the cubic capacity of the material is rounded to some integer values.
Such rounding can lead to such a moment that the price of 1 board (when 1 cube costs 5500) will be completely different values. In addition to all this, it should be noted that various boards for construction, which have a nominal length of 6 meters, actually have a length of 6.1 - 6.2 m, which is not taken into account when selling this building material. This also applies to the purchase of a significant number of boards. This can be seen quite clearly if we use a 150x20 mm board as an example. The number of boards in a cube is a value of 55.5 pcs. But, in a cube they count 55 pieces, which when performing the calculation will have a value of 0.99 cubic meters. In fact, it follows from this that the overpayment for 1 cubic meter of this popular building material can amount to 1% of the real price. For example, 5500 instead of 4995 rubles.
To calculate the cubic capacity for a continuous type of board, slightly different methods are used. When the conversation is about buying 1 board, then measure its thickness, as well as total length are carried out in the same way as when choosing edged building material. In this case, the average width is taken for calculations - between great value and small.
For example, when the width of the board at one end is 25 cm, and at the other 20, then the average value will be approximately 22 centimeters. When it is necessary to calculate the volume of a significant number of similar boards for construction, then you will need to lay them out so that the wide one does not differ from the narrow one, more than 10 cm. The main length of this material in the laid out stack should be approximately the same. After this, using a regular tape measure, an accurate measurement is made of the height of the entire existing stack of boards, and the width is measured (approximately in the very middle). The result obtained will then need to be multiplied by a special coefficient, amounting to a value from 0.07 to 0.09, directly dependent on the existing air gap.
To calculate the exact number of boards of a certain width and length in 1 cubic meter, various tables are used. Below are several such specialized tables, which indicate the cubic capacity of the common and in demand types of this material today. It is possible to calculate the volume of various boards of different sizes, for example, material for erecting a fence on your site, using the existing formula presented above.
| Board size | Volume of 1st board (m 3) | Number of boards in 1m 3 (pcs.) | Number of square meters in 1m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Twenty | |||
| Board 20x100x6000 | 0.012 m 3 | 83 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x120x6000 | 0.0144 m 3 | 69 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x150x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x180x6000 | 0.0216 m 3 | 46 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x200x6000 | 0.024 m 3 | 41 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Board 20x250x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 50 m2 |
| Twenty-five | |||
| Board 25x100x6000 | 0.015 m 3 | 67 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x120x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x150x6000 | 0.0225 m 3 | 44 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x180x6000 | 0.027 m 3 | 37 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x200x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Board 25x250x6000 | 0.0375 m 3 | 26 pcs. | 40 m2 |
| Thirty | |||
| Board 30x100x6000 | 0.018 m 3 | 55 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x120x6000 | 0.0216 m 3 | 46 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x150x6000 | 0.027 m 3 | 37 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x180x6000 | 0.0324 m 3 | 30 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x200x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Board 30x250x6000 | 0.045 m 3 | 22 pcs. | 33 m2 |
| Thirty-two | |||
| Board 32x100x6000 | 0.0192 m 3 | 52 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x120x6000 | 0.023 m 3 | 43 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x150x6000 | 0.0288 m3 | 34 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x180x6000 | 0.0346 m 3 | 28 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x200x6000 | 0.0384 m 3 | 26 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Board 32x250x6000 | 0.048 m 3 | 20 pcs. | 31 m2 |
| Sorokovka | |||
| Board 40x100x6000 | 0.024 m 3 | 41 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x120x6000 | 0.0288 m3 | 34 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x150x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x180x6000 | 0.0432 m 3 | 23 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x200x6000 | 0.048 m 3 | 20 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Board 40x250x6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. | 25 m2 |
| Fifty | |||
| Board 50x100x6000 | 0.03 m 3 | 33 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x120x6000 | 0.036 m 3 | 27 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x150x6000 | 0.045 m 3 | 22 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x180x6000 | 0.054 m 3 | 18 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x200x6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Board 50x250x6000 | 0.075 m 3 | 13 pcs. | 20 m2 |
| Beam size | Volume of 1st piece (m³) | Quantity of timber in 1m³ (pcs.) |
|---|---|---|
| 100×100×6000 | 0.06 m 3 | 16 pcs. |
| 100×150×6000 | 0.09 m 3 | 11 pcs. |
| 150×150×6000 | 0.135 m 3 | 7 pcs. |
| 100×180×6000 | 0.108 m 3 | 9 pcs. |
| 150×180×6000 | 0.162 m 3 | 6 pcs. |
| 180×180×6000 | 0.1944 m 3 | 5 pieces. |
| 100×200×6000 | 0.12 m 3 | 8 pcs. |
| 150×200×6000 | 0.18 m 3 | 5.5 pcs. |
| 180×200×6000 | 0.216 m 3 | 4.5 pcs. |
| 200×200×6000 | 0.24 m 3 | 4 things. |
| 250×200×6000 | 0.3 m 3 | 3 pcs. |
Content:
The seller and buyer of timber pursue their own interests. This is enough delicate matter you need to have certain - simple - knowledge. Today everyone has a tool: a calculator on their phone.
How many edged boards are in one cube - Photo
Edged board- lumber with cleanly cut edges, without bark residues. Width edged boards is at least twice as thick.
Since the fee is charged for volume in cubic meters, let us recall the geometric formula for its determination:
W * H * D = volume.
Everything is calculated in meters
To find out how many boards are in one cube:
1 / (W * H * D) = number of boards in 1m3 (cube)
Where, Sh- Width, IN- Height, D- Length
Translation: 1mm = 0.001m, 10mm = 0.01m, 100mm = 0.1m
Below is a table of some types of edged boards and their volume
|
Board dimensions |
Volume of one board | Boards in 1m3 (cube) |
|
20×100×6000 |
0.012 m³ |
83 pcs. |
|
20×120×6000 |
0.0144 m³ |
69 pcs. |
|
20×150×6000 |
0.018 m³ |
55 pcs. |
|
20×180×6000 |
0.0216 m³ |
46 pcs. |
|
20×200×6000 |
0.024 m³ |
41 pcs. |
|
20×250×6000 |
0.03 m³ |
33 pcs. |
|
25×100×6000 |
0.015 m³ |
67 pcs. |
|
25×120×6000 |
0.018 m³ |
55 pcs. |
|
25×150×6000 |
0.0225 m³ |
44 pcs. |
|
25×180×6000 |
0.027 m³ |
37 pcs. |
|
25×200×6000 |
0.03 m³ |
33 pcs. |
|
25×250×6000 |
0.0375 m³ |
26 pcs. |
|
30×100×6000 |
0.018 m³ |
55 pcs. |
|
30×120×6000 |
0.0216 m³ |
46 pcs. |
|
30×150×6000 |
0.027 m³ |
37 pcs. |
|
30×180×6000 |
0.0324 m³ |
30 pcs. |
|
30×200×6000 |
0.036 m³ |
27 pcs. |
|
30×250×6000 |
0.045 m³ |
22 pcs. |
|
32×100×6000 |
0.0192 m³ |
52 pcs. |
|
32×120×6000 |
0.023 m³ |
43 pcs. |
|
32×150×6000 |
0.0288 m³ |
34 pcs. |
|
32×180×6000 |
0.0346 m³ |
28 pcs. |
|
32×200×6000 |
0.0384 m³ |
26 pcs. |
|
32×250×6000 |
0.048 m³ |
20 pcs. |
|
40×100×6000 |
0.024 m³ |
41 pcs. |
|
40×120×6000 |
0.0288 m³ |
34 pcs. |
|
40×150×6000 |
0.036 m³ |
27 pcs. |
|
40×180×6000 |
0.0432 m³ |
23 pcs. |
|
40×200×6000 |
0.048 m³ |
20 pcs. |
|
40×250×6000 |
0.06 m³ |
16 pcs. |
|
50×100×6000 |
0.03 m³ |
33 pcs. |
|
50×120×6000 |
0.036 m³ |
27 pcs. |
|
50×150×6000 |
0.045 m³ |
22 pcs. |
|
50×180×6000 |
0.054 m³ |
18 pcs. |
|
50×200×6000 |
0.06 m³ |
16 pcs. |
|
50×250×6000 |
0.075 m³ |
13 pcs. |
When purchasing lumber in small quantities, you can get confused with decimal places, namely rounding. An experienced seller will round the resulting number to the 3rd decimal place. An experienced buyer will round by GOST y - up to 0.000001 cubic meters and will remind the seller that up to 0.001 cubic meters. meters are rounded only batch of boards. The most common quantity - from several boards to 2-4 cubic meters - is not made up into a batch. In order not to offend either one or the other, round to 4 decimal places.
Then the resulting volume is multiplied by the cost of 1 m3 (cube). And this is where the number of decimal places can significantly affect costs.
1 edged board 32 mm thick, 200 mm wide and 6 m long(32Х200Х6000) has volume
30 boards will have the volume
If the seller rounds the volume of 1 board to 0.04 cubic meters, he will additionally receive income:
Selling these 0.048 "air" cubes makes it easier on the buyer's wallet.
Cost may vary depending on the type of wood. The grade decreases with a decrease in quality: the presence of wood defects and deviations from standard sizes. If batten has a curvature, is narrower or thinner than the standard by 3-5 mm, it will not be completely useful. Visual inspection of lumber is as important as accurate determination of volume.
To find out how much lumber you need, calculating the board in a cube will help you. The above formula is based on the definition of area
W * D = area.
Having calculated the area to be covered, all that remains is to multiply it by the desired board thickness
W * D * 0.022; 0.025; 0.032; 0.04 m and so on.
All that remains is to see how many boards there are in one cube and determine required quantity. Just in case, print or memorize the table above.
You also need to take into account the future cutting of the material.Flooring and lining boards have an overlapping tongue and groove, which is taken into account in cubic capacity, but is not included in the covered area. A couple of boards are needed have in reserve .
How many unedged boards are in one cubic meter - Photo
Unedged board, that is, not having rectangular section along the entire length, is significantly cheaper and is widely used for constructing various types of rough sheathing and temporary fencing.
It is important to understand that the upper and lower surfaces of such a board must be sawn along the entire length. If one face is not sawn, then it is already croaker. The definition of cubic capacity of such lumber differs precisely in that it does not have the correct geometric shape.
Current standards establish several ways to account for unedged material, and it is practically impossible to calculate exactly how many boards are in 1 cube.
In batch In this case, the boards are packed tightly into the bag correct form with further measurements. Further calculations are carried out according to standard formula volume determination. Using different coefficients.
Piece measurement made using average measurements of height and width. The largest and smallest dimensions in meters are added and divided in half.
(Wmax + Wmin)/2 * (Bmax+ Bmin)/2 * D = volume, m3
Where, Sh- Width, IN- Height, D- Length
If it is visually clear that the wood is fresh and, accordingly, damp (humidity above 20%), then the seller is obliged to reduce the total volume by multiplying the resulting cubic capacity by the coefficient:
Sampling method used to determine the volume of a large batch of unedged lumber. When loading, for example, into the body of a vehicle, every fifth, tenth or twentieth board is measured using the second method.
The resulting volume is multiplied by five, ten, twenty. Loading continues until the next control board. It is also practiced to select control boards into a separate pile. The count is made after loading is completed.
Calculation of the amount of timber in one cube - Photo
A timber differs from an edged board only in that all its edges or two opposite ones have the same size: more than 0.05 m in thickness and 0.013 m in width. The formula for determining its volume is standard
|
R timber size |
Volume of one beam |
Timber in 1m3 (cube) |
|
100×100×6000 |
0.06 m³ |
16 pcs. |
|
100×150×6000 |
0.09 m³ |
11 pcs. |
|
150×150×6000 |
0.135 m³ |
7 pcs. |
|
100×180×6000 |
0.108 m³ |
9 pcs. |
|
150×180×6000 |
0.162 m³ |
6 pcs. |
|
180×180×6000 |
0.1944 m³ |
5 pieces. |
|
100×200×6000 |
0.12 m³ |
8 pcs. |
|
150×200×6000 |
0.18 m³ |
5.5 pcs. |
|
180×200×6000 |
0.216 m³ |
4.5 pcs. |
|
200×200×6000 |
0.24 m³ |
4 things. |
|
250×200×6000 |
0.3 m³ |
3 pcs. |
W * T * D = timber volume, m3.
To find out how much timber is in one cube
1 / (W * T * D) = amount of timber in 1 m3 (cube)
Where, Sh- Width, T- thickness, D- Length
Translation: 1mm = 0.001m, 10mm=0.01m, 100mm=0.1m
When purchasing timber, the volume must be determined individually, since the timber in the stack is laid with spacers. Measurements of such a stack and calculation of cubic capacity using the given formula invariably lead to a significant overestimation of the volume.
Length of 1 cube of timber (as well as any edged lumber) in meters is determined by dividing the unit by thickness and width. For example, you need to find out how much timber is in one cube - the edge is 180 mm.
1 / (0.18 * 0.18) = 30 meters 87 cm.
1 meter of such timber will have the following volume.
0.18 * 0.18 * 1 = 0.0324 m3.
These calculations may be needed when determining the costs of funds and materials.
How many logs are in one cube: calculation - Photo
Log structures are and will be relevant. Determination of volume round material depends on the method of obtaining it.
A section of a trunk for manual trimming has the shape of a slightly truncated cone, so the formula for the volume of a cylinder is used, but with some features.
3.14 * r 2 * L = log volume, m3
Here
r- averaged radius, calculated as (r 1 +r 2)/2, r 1 - radius from one end of the log, r 2 - radius from the other end of the log.
L- log length.
3,14
- constant "Pi".
A rounded log naturally has a cylindrical shape and is calculated using the above formula. But here the radius is measured at any end once. Determining the number of logs in 1 cube is determined similarly to timber.
1 / (3.14 * r 2 * L) = Number of logs in 1m3 (cube)
Blanks for construction logs are measured in the same way.
The radius (diameter divided in half) is measured without taking into account the thickness of the tree bark. In practice, manual calculations are not carried out. They use special tables compiled in a cubic book. They are also available in electronic form.
In conclusion, it should be noted that lumber for critical work, standard in size, wood species and moisture content, should be purchased at large sites. Small producers, as a rule, are not allowed there due to the lack of appropriate control over the quality of their products.
There is no construction project that could be completed without the use of lumber.
Therefore, there is a need to determine their exact quantity. You can calculate how many boards are in 1 cube using formulas, or you can use ready-made tables. These tables are called cubic tables.
Note that we are considering products made from softwood.
In general, this is the volume of a body, expressed in cubic measures.
The cubic capacity of lumber is the volume of lumber expressed in cubic meters, otherwise - in cubic meters or simply in cubes.
In this section we will talk about lumber in the order in which they are obtained when cutting a log.
For some reason, there is confusion with the definition of these materials: some claim that they are one and the same thing, and others claim that both sexes are made from slabs.
The proposed table will provide complete clarity.
As can be seen from the table, both sexes are not used in construction, so we will not consider it further.
The requirements for slab are standardized in accordance with OST 13-28-74. This means that croaker is a valuable building material.
The croaker is used:
It is sawn along two opposite surfaces, called layers. The edges are left uncut, hence the name.
Its standard dimensions are as follows: thickness - 25, 40 and 50 mm; length - 6 m.
The scope of application is wider than that of the slab.
Also used for construction:
In addition, it can serve as a base for clapboard cladding, block house and other finishing materials.
It differs from unedged in that it is propylene along the faces and edges.
Used as:
This is lumber with a thickness of 100 mm or more with a difference in cross-sectional width and height of no more than twice. Usually the timber is square section. The most used timber has a section of 100 × 100 mm and 150 × 150 mm.
Used:
It differs from timber in that maximum size its cross-section is 75 mm. Like timber, it is most often made with a square cross-section.
Is used for interior work such as device:
As you know from the course high school, volume rectangular parallelepiped(and edged boards, timber and timber are exactly that) equal to the product the lengths of its sides.
Calculated using formula 1:
where: V – volume; L – length; b – width; h – height (in our case thickness) of the board.
Having calculated the volume in this way, you can easily find the number of boards in a cube.
To do this, you need to divide one by the resulting number (formula 2):
where: N – number of pieces, 1 – 1 cubic meter. m, V – volume.
We should not forget that the dimensions of edged materials are given in millimeters, so before calculation they must be converted to meters.
There is lumber with the following parameters:
25 × 150 × 6000, where 25 is the thickness; 150 – width; 6000 – length.
Let's calculate the cubic capacity of the board.
To do this, convert millimeters to meters and substitute the resulting values into formula 1:
V = 0.025 × 0.15 × 6 = 0.0225
We substitute the resulting number into formula 2:
N = 1 ÷ 0.0225 = 44.4
The result is always rounded to whole numbers by discarding the decimal part.
Thus, one cube contains 44 whole boards.
Solving the previous problem in this case is more difficult.
The unedged one has a large difference in width on opposite layers, so when calculating the volume, you need to substitute the average width into formula 1: these two widths are added and the resulting amount is divided in half.
The measurement result is rounded to the nearest 10 mm, fractions up to 5 mm are not taken into account, and fractions of 5 mm or more are considered 10 mm.
In addition, uncut edges do not allow the board to be stacked tightly, and various increasing factors are used to calculate the exact volume.
The calculation method is not so much complicated as it is tedious, so it is easier to use the table from the next section.
They differ from each other only in size, so the calculation method for them is the same.
They are mounted using the tongue and groove system, as shown in the figure.
For width b in in this case the so-called “working” or “visible” width is accepted - the distance from the base of the tongue to the edge of the board (see figure). It is this size that should be substituted into formula 1.
In order not to calculate the quantity and volume each time, special cube tables were compiled, in which for each size of material its quantity in one cubic meter is given.
Due to the wide range of sizes in length, thickness and width, it is impossible to calculate the exact amount of slab in one cube, so there is no cubature table for it.
Here is a table for converting the folded volume of a slab into a dense one.
In this case, we solve the inverse problem: we determine the actual volume of a known amount of slab.
To do this you need:
Cubature for unedged boards.
When the main construction is completed, it's time to start finishing works: sheathe walls and lay clean floors.
To do this, remember formula 1. When calculating the volume of one element, we write down the intermediate result - the product:
where S is the area of this element.
Having calculated the quantity using formula 2, we multiply the result by the area.
This video contains data that was not included in the article.
Construction work requires solving many different issues, among which the most important task is the selection and purchase of lumber. Calculate how much linear meters boards and timber will be needed during the construction process, it’s not difficult. But the price of industrial wood is indicated per 1 cubic meter, and this often causes difficulties for novice home craftsmen. The ability to correctly select and calculate the amount of edged or unedged lumber in a cube will allow you to save money and avoid a situation where, after completion of construction work, a pile of unused boards remains on the site.
The very name “lumber” suggests that this type of construction raw material is obtained by longitudinal sawing of tree trunks on circular or band saws. Several cutting methods are used to produce boards and timber:
Tangential cutting involves moving the saw tangentially to the annual rings of the tree, which reduces the amount of waste and, therefore, reduces the cost of building materials. The boards obtained in this way have a beautiful, pronounced pattern, therefore they are often used for finishing purposes. Disadvantages of circular sawing include the tendency of the wood to shrink and swell, as well as a significant difference in texture as it approaches cutting tool to the center of the log.
In the sawmill industry, several methods are used for sawing a trunk.
At radial sawing the cutting line passes through the core of the tree, so the yield of boards will be smaller, and their price will be higher. However, if necessary, obtain wood High Quality use exactly this method. This is due to the fact that, compared to the tangential method, radial sawing boards have halved swelling and shrinkage rates. In addition to the cutting methods discussed above, a mixed method is also used, which combines the advantages of the first two.
The concept of lumber actually includes not only traditional moldings, which can most often be seen on construction markets. The full list of products obtained from sawing logs includes:
The last two types of lumber are classified as waste, which absolutely does not prevent them from being used for certain types of construction work, as well as for finishing purposes.
Boards include rectangular lumber with a thickness of no more than 100 mm and a width to thickness ratio of at least 2:1. Depending on the degree of processing, the board can be edged or unedged. The first is ready product without bark and with smoothly sawn edges, while the second is a “semi-finished product”, removed directly from the saw frame.
The edged board has smooth edges and a constant width along the entire length of the lumber
The most commonly used boards in construction are the following standard sizes:
Boards of other sizes can be obtained by trimming or planing standard lumber, or by making individual order for sawing round timber.
Unedged boards have a lower cost, but without finishing its scope of application is limited
The parameters of lumber used in construction are standardized and determined according to the current GOST 8486–86 for coniferous wood and GOST 2695–83 for hardwood.
Timber is lumber whose cross-section is a square with sides of at least 100 mm. The diameter of the timber is unified and can vary from 100 to 250 mm in increments of 25 mm. The standard defines the length of products of this type from 2 to 9 m, but most often square lumber with a length of no more than 6 m is used. In some cases, products with a section of 150x100 mm, 200x100 mm or 200x150 mm, which existing classification are much closer to the sleepers.
The timber is ideal material for the construction of frames and other wooden structures
The bar differs from the beam discussed above only in that its cross-section does not exceed 100x100 mm. The typical length of the bar is also 6 m, and the diameter ranges from 40 mm to 90 mm in increments of 10 mm. To simplify the classification, bars are often classified as slats whose cross-section has rectangular shape, and the ratio of thickness to width is at least 1:2. The standard range of edges for softwood slats looks like this: 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm. For hardwood lumber, products of increased width are additionally provided, and the product line itself looks like this: 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mm.
A variety of bars and slats allow you to strengthen and make any wooden structure as stable as possible.
Obapol represents the very first cut of a round timber, in which outer surface remains unprocessed. Unlike obapol, croaker can have a cut on half of the second side or alternating treated and untreated areas on the bark side. The importance of obapole and slab in construction is secondary, since it is unaesthetic appearance and reduced performance characteristics allow the use of lumber of this type only for auxiliary purposes. Most often, croaker and obapol are used as fastening material, as well as for the manufacture of formwork, lathing or flooring scaffolding. This material is also interesting in quality decorative material for decorating walls, fences and other vertical structures.
Despite their external ugliness, croaker and obapole are widely used for minor construction tasks
The wood market offers both edged lumber and unedged boards, with wane remaining on the edges. Depending on the type of wood products, several methods are used to determine cubic capacity.
The algorithm for determining the cubic capacity of lumber is based on the formula known to every schoolchild for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. In order to find out the cubic capacity of one board (V) per cubic meter. m, you need to find the product of its length (a) by its width (b) and thickness (h) in meters V=a×b×h.
The desired figure will make it easy to calculate how many boards of this type will fit in one cubic meter lumber. For this, 1 cu. m of lumber is divided by the volume of one product. For example, if you need to find out the cubic capacity of one board with parameters 6000x200x25 mm, then by substituting these numbers into the formula, we get V = 6x0.2x0.025 = 0.03 cubic meters. m. Consequently, in one cubic meter there will be 1/0.03 = 33.3 such products.
A tongue and groove board has a groove on one side and a tongue on the other. Since both of these elements are approximately equal to each other, their parameters can be neglected. That is why the cross-sectional size of tongue-and-groove lumber is measured without taking into account the locking part.
In the case of boards that have the same dimensions, the calculation can be simplified by substituting the dimensions of the stack of lumber into the formula. Of course, its installation should be as tight as possible, otherwise the gaps between separate elements will affect the accuracy of the calculations. Considering that the cost of individual types of wood reaches tens of thousands of rubles, such an error can cost a pretty penny.
To simplify calculations, you can use special tables that allow you to quickly determine the cubic capacity or the amount of wood in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber.
| Board size, mm | Number of boards 6 m long in 1 cubic. m | Volume of one board, cubic meters. m |
| 25x100 | 66,6 | 0.015 |
| 25x150 | 44,4 | 0.022 |
| 25x200 | 33,3 | 0.03 |
| 40x100 | 62,5 | 0.024 |
| 40x150 | 41,6 | 0.036 |
| 40x200 | 31,2 | 0.048 |
| 50x100 | 33,3 | 0.03 |
| 50x150 | 22,2 | 0.045 |
| 50x200 | 16,6 | 0.06 |
| 50x250 | 13,3 | 0.075 |
The cubic capacity of timber of standard sizes can also be determined using the table below.
| Beam size, mm | Number of products 6 m long in 1 cubic. m | Volume of 1 beam, cubic. m |
| 100x100 | 16.6 | 0.06 |
| 100x150 | 11.1 | 0.09 |
| 100x200 | 8.3 | 0.12 |
| 150x150 | 7.4 | 0.135 |
| 150x200 | 5.5 | 0.18 |
| 150x300 | 3.7 | 0.27 |
| 200x200 | 4.1 | 0.24 |
Very often it is necessary to determine the surface area (floor or wall) that can be covered with a board of one thickness or another with a volume of 1 cubic meter. m. To do this, you can use the formula S = 1/h, where h is the thickness of the lumber. So, one cubic meter of 40 mm board will be enough to arrange S = 1/0.04 = 25 square meters. m of floor. To facilitate the process of calculating the area, a table called a cubeturner allows you to simplify the process of calculating the area. It contains data on the cross-section of the boards, their number in 1 cubic meter. m and the required area that they can cover.
Unedged lumber is not trimmed at the edges, so not only the cross-sectional size of individual products varies, but also the width different parts one board. In this regard, it is possible to calculate the volume of a stack of unprocessed lumber only approximately. The same applies to calculating the cubic capacity of individual unedged lumber, although the error in this case will be much smaller.
So, to calculate the cubic capacity of an unedged board, there are two constant quantities - thickness and length, and one variable - width. To avoid complex calculations using differential algebra methods, the last parameter is simply averaged. To do this, the board is measured in several places and the arithmetic average is found. For example, for a board with a diameter of 400 mm at the base, 350 mm in the middle and 280 in the top, the calculated value will be (430+340+260)/3=343 mm. Further calculations are carried out in exactly the same way as for edged lumber.
Most often, the width of an unedged board is determined only on the basis of measurements along the edges of the lumber. It should be noted that the accuracy of calculations directly depends on the number of measurements, so in critical cases their number is increased.
If you need to find out the cubic capacity of a package of unedged wood, then the products are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the following conditions are met:
By measuring the height, length and width of a package of unedged wood with a tape measure, the approximate cubic capacity is determined using the formula V=a×b×h. To find out more exact value, the resulting result is multiplied by the stacking coefficient, which can be found in special tables.
