Ventilation of the steam room is the most important component of the design modern bathhouse. Ventilation serves to remove excess steam, exhaust air and properly distribute heat in the room. You can provide ventilation in the steam room with your own hands, investing very little money and materials. But first, let’s figure out whether ventilation is needed in the steam room.
Properly constructed ventilation in a steam room solves two problems:
Lack of air exchange or improper ventilation in the steam room can lead to such sad consequences as:
One of the most important functions of ventilation in a steam room is to optimize heating. Air saturated with water vapor is a weak conductor of heat.
This is why a sauna without ventilation takes longer to heat up. To enhance air movement, the supply hole is located behind the firebox, just above the floor. The air entering the room is first warmed up, without lowering the overall temperature in the steam room.
So, ventilation is needed in a Russian steam room, but how to do it correctly - read on and watch the video.
There are many ventilation schemes in the steam room. Choosing the right one depends on architectural features baths But some laws cannot be broken anyway.
The inlet and outlet must not be placed at the same height!
Otherwise, most of the air in the bath will not participate in the movement. Your feet will freeze and your head will overheat.
Diameter ventilation holes depends on the volume of the bath:
1 cubic meter of air requires 24 square meters. centimeter of pipe diameter.
Before arranging ventilation in the steam room, it is necessary to consider the valve system. They are needed to regulate the air flow and allow you to quickly cool or warm the bath. It is advisable to install ventilation pipes during the construction phase of the building.
Signs bad work ventilation:
Even in a very hot steam room it should be easy to breathe.
When thinking about how to make ventilation in a steam room, you need to solve the main question: will the air exchange be natural or mechanical. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. When equipping ventilation in the steam room with your own hands, it is easier to resort to mechanical traction.
There is no need to carefully check the location and diameter of the ventilation ducts while mastering the skills of a stove maker. You just need to insert the fans and they will do all the work themselves.
The advantage of the natural steam room ventilation scheme is its low cost. However, it is not always possible to install exhaust pipes in in the right places and you have to resort to mechanical traction.
Before you ventilate the steam room, you need to purchase a fan. Not every model can cope with high humidity and temperature. An ordinary household fan can be used solely for ventilating the room after bath procedures.
In addition to fans, traction amplifiers also include deflectors. They are placed at the outer end of the ventilation duct.
If a heating steam room is installed geyser, a special ventilation duct is equipped for it.
Often, steam rooms and saunas are equipped with supply and exhaust systems that independently regulate temperature, humidity and air exchange in the room.
An error in steam room ventilation can be costly. The diagrams clearly show how to correctly position the ventilation holes:
A– photo of steam room ventilation with natural draft. The inflow is organized behind the firebox, the outflow is opposite from the upper part of the room. In order for the system to work in windy weather, the exhaust pipe is made vertical, its edge is higher than the ridge of the roof. It is important to choose the correct diameter of the air ducts, then the air exchange will proceed independently. It is regulated by flaps.
B– in this photo, ventilation in the steam room was made with your own hands with an uncharacteristic distribution of air ducts. The scheme is used when only one wall can be allocated for ventilation. The air enters the steam room from below, hits the hot stove, warms up and rushes to the ceiling, gradually moving towards the exhaust vent. The exhaust must be forced.
IN– not only the steam room room is ventilated, but also the subfloor, preventing the boards from rotting. The supply air is immediately warmed by the stove, falls down through the cracks in the floor, then rises up and is drawn out into the street.
G- on this photo chimney used for ventilation of the steam room and is a hood. The inlet is opposite the stove near the floor. Such ventilation is often installed in public steam rooms, since here the stove operates constantly.
The stove plays a very important role in organizing the ventilation of the steam room. The ventilation scheme largely depends on its location. More efficient air exchange is possible when the heater is installed directly inside the steam room, and not in the adjacent room.
It is impossible to install a mechanical hood in a classic Russian bathhouse. She will blow all the steam out onto the street in a matter of minutes. Therefore, after completing the bath procedures, the room is simply thoroughly ventilated. To do this, they most often open the door and the window, which is usually located on the wall opposite the door. If there is a forced exhaust, it can be used, but also with the door open. It is imperative to remove all wet leaves from brooms, because they retain moisture and germs. And the benches and wooden floors are dried with towels. Microbes multiply remarkably in wet floorboards and accumulate harmful substances, excreted with sweat.
After thoroughly drying and ventilating the room, you can begin to heat the steam room, where ventilation is required.
During heating in the steam room, the exhaust pipes are closed and the inflow is opened.
air movement at the end of kindling)
In order for bath procedures to bring only benefit and pleasure, two conditions are necessary:
These seemingly mutually exclusive tasks are solved by ventilation in the bathhouse in general and in the steam room in particular. Despite the fact that high humidity and temperature must be maintained in the steam room of a Russian bath, it is impossible to do without access to fresh (cold) air: oxygen is processed by our lungs, partially burned out by the stove, and also gradually accumulates in the steam room carbon monoxide(CO - chemical formula carbon monoxide).
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse. In the figure, red arrows show the movement of hot air, blue arrows show cold air.
If you do not organize the replacement of “exhausted” air with fresh air, instead of improving health and increasing performance (this is what we go to the bathhouse for), you can get, at best, lethargy, weakness and headache, and at worst - a hospital bed or even a place in a cemetery.
Properly arranged ventilation ensures air circulation, while oxygen is supplied in sufficient quantities, and carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide are released into the atmosphere. After completing the bath procedures, with good ventilation, the vapor is actively removed outside the building, and the rooms that previously had high humidity dry out. If this aspect has not been given enough attention, after a couple of years in the steam room, and then in other rooms, the lining rots, the smell of mustiness and sweat appears and gradually intensifies, and the wood turns into dust. Now, I hope, it is clear whether ventilation is needed in the bathhouse...
Warming up and ventilating the bath. Please note that the exhaust vent is located at a small height from the floor - as a rule, no higher than 50 cm. With this scheme, exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, the floor in the steam room warms up well Ventilation in a bathhouse is not needed only in one case: if it is all built of wood and has not been insulated anywhere - neither from the inside nor from the outside. In this case, air exchange occurs due to the fact that the wood “breathes”. In this case, they also talk about the presence of natural ventilation in the bathhouse: any wood has pores and cracks through which air flows out/flows and temperature and humidity are regulated. But if the bathhouse is made of rounded logs or has insulation or moisture/steam insulation, then the creation of additional ventilation holes is necessary.
There are three types of ventilation:
The video below shows the combined ventilation option.
In a specific case, aluminum foil with a thickness of 100 microns was used in the construction of the ventilation duct.
In the very simple version, the ventilation system of a steam room or bathhouse consists of two (sometimes more) openings in the walls and/or foundation: supply and exhaust. The trick is in choosing the location of these holes and their sizes. Sometimes, to ensure more active air exchange, fans can be installed.
Warming up and ventilating the bath. In the simplest case, the exhaust vent is located near the ceiling There is no single ventilation scheme for a bathhouse: they are too different, depending on design features, and the materials from which they are made. But there are general rules and several of the most common schemes, following which you can choose the optimal ventilation specifically for your case.
The dimensions of the ventilation holes are calculated based on the volume of the steam room: per one cubic meter ventilated area, the size of the holes should be 24 cm 2.
Despite the fact that the main task in the bathhouse is to maintain high humidity in the steam room and a sufficient temperature level, the ventilation holes should not be made too small: they will not provide the necessary level of air exchange. Exhaust ventilation openings must correspond to the size of the supply ventilation openings: if the proportions are not correct, the air exchange will also be insufficient. In some cases, to speed up the removal of exhaust air and speed up the drying of the bath, you can make two exhaust holes.
To ensure the required air conditions when heating the steam room, special covers/plugs are made on the ventilation ducts, which can be opened/closed from the steam room, thereby regulating the humidity/temperature/air exchange. Generally speaking, it is a must to have plugs or covers on any vent opening to the outdoors: in winter cold air actively strives to warm room and the presence of covers or regulators to delay it is necessary.
Most often, it is at least partially located in the steam room. In this case, the supply hole is made near the stove at a distance no higher than 30 cm from the floor. The incoming cold air quickly heats up from the stove and rises. It's quite popular, but not the most The best way organizing ventilation for the bathhouse. Ventilation is much more effective when the supply openings are located in the foundation under the floor (to prevent rodents from entering through them, the openings are equipped with metal gratings). This option solves two problems at once: it delivers Fresh air into the bathhouse, and also effectively dries floors and walls after completion of the procedures. The floor boards, in this case, are not laid closely, but with a small gap for free passage of air. If you don’t want to leave gaps in the floor (although this is very good for a bathhouse), you can make several ventilation holes in the floor, closed wooden gratings. In this case, the air movement will not be so active; more powerful fans may be needed, but the circuit will remain operational.
When planning supply ventilation holes in the foundation, keep in mind that air into the bathhouse should come from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise it will have a musty smell. To organize air intake from the street, a box made of wood (often homemade), plastic or metal (ready-made) is placed in the hole, and it is also taken out near the stove. Typically, the inlet openings are located in an area that is protected by a metal or asbestos sheet from coals and firebrands.
Ventilation holes in the foundation are provided at the planning stage. If the foundation is already ready, but there are no holes for ventilation, you can ventilate the floor in the steam room differently: lay the floor boards on the joists, but not close to each other, but with a gap of 0.5-1 cm. In the gap between the rough (earth/concrete) floor and the finishing floor, an outlet is installed, which goes into a ventilation pipe that discharges exhaust air to the roof (but not to the attic). This option provides for the presence of only one supply hole, which is usually located below the heater. The exhaust pipe under the floor is installed on the opposite side of the room (but not opposite, but diagonally).
It is impossible to make an exhaust pipe in a steam room from plastic boxes for ventilation - they cannot withstand high temperatures, but it is permissible to use them in a locker room or washing department.
With this ventilation scheme in the steam room, cold air warms up near the stove, rises, then, cooling, falls down, seeps under the floor through cracks in the floor and is discharged through the outlet pipe. These two options effectively remove moisture after a bath; they can also be considered floor ventilation schemes in a bath.
Exhaust openings can be located on the wall opposite the supply opening (if both of these walls face the street) or on the same wall, but in the opposite corner. There is a scheme in which they are located at the top on the opposite wall (30 cm from the ceiling), sometimes they are located at the bottom (30 cm from the floor). If the exhaust vent is located below or on the same wall as the supply vent, a fan is needed to create air flow.
To ensure that ventilation in the bathhouse remains effective, you must not:
Let's consider several of the most common ventilation options in a steam room:
These are the most commonly used ventilation schemes for steam rooms in a bath; there are many more variations and combinations of them. Based on these four options for organizing ventilation, you can develop a scheme for your steam room.
In a washing room, high humidity is common, and to prevent the lining from rotting or creating an unpleasant odor, it is necessary to provide ventilation for the floors. It is arranged similarly to floor ventilation in a steam room: an exhaust hole is made between the rough and finished floors, which can be equipped with a fan. The exhaust pipe leads to the roof.
With this floor ventilation scheme in the washing compartment, the coldest exhaust air is removed, and warmer air from the upper layers is lowered in its place. In this way, an increase in the comfort of the people staying here is also achieved.
The principle of ventilation in all other rooms of the bathhouse is the same. You need to decide on the optimal ventilation system specifically for your conditions and select/develop the most suitable scheme. Ventilation in the washing compartment differs only in that, due to lower air temperatures, plastic ventilation ducts can be used here (which cannot be done in a steam room) and fans can be installed that are not heat-resistant, but only those that can withstand high humidity (moisture-proof).
When planning a ventilation system for a brick bath, you need to take into account that its efficiency should be many times higher than that of a wooden one. Indeed, in this case you will have to dry not only interior lining steam room/washing room/locker room, but also walls: brick is a very hygroscopic material. To remove all moisture, it is necessary that the inflow/outflow of air during drying be very active, and the vents have reliable dampers that allow you to regulate the intensity of air movement.
When installing ventilation with its 100% humidity, exhaust ventilation must also be very effective: in an hour of operation it is necessary to ensure a six-fold change of air in the room. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of removing condensate, which forms during cooling in large quantities. This problem can be solved in two ways: install an air dryer in the pipe, which discharges condensate into the sewer system, or provide ventilation pipe a channel for draining condensate (it also goes into the sewer).
Conclusion: it is necessary to plan ventilation at the bathhouse design stage, placing inlet vents in the foundation. If necessary, you can make vents in finished walls, but this is quite troublesome and complicated.
Do-it-yourself ventilation in a bathhouse? - easily, the event can be carried out by a man without professional skills. Why do you even need to pay attention to how to properly ventilate a bathhouse? The answer is obvious. Properly arranged ventilation in the bathhouse affects the maintenance of the temperature in the locker room, washing room, steam room, or relaxation room. The second, but no less significant impact, the movement of air masses has on safety wooden structure and the service life of its parts.
When designing a bath complex and its structure, it is necessary to take into account that ventilation of the bath complex should be carried out taking into account established rules, complemented by subtle nuances. There is plenty of information on how to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands, with detailed instructions, photographs and videos. We will outline the main stages of installing air exchange inside the bath space and steam room below.
Properly arranged ventilation in the bathhouse is guaranteed to maintain the temperature at a comfortable level inside the steam room. Extending the service life of wooden structures.
The operation of the ventilation system based on the known laws of physics, as well as the ventilation scheme, is clear and does not raise questions. To fulfill the condition of air circulation in a constant mode, we need only a couple of holes of two types:
The supply of fresh air into the room will be provided by the supply opening. Best location supply ventilation in the bathhouse - near the stove, at a height as close as possible to the floor. This arrangement will ensure rapid heating of the incoming air, preventing it from cooling the room, maintaining a constant temperature.
Diagram of air movement inside the steam room.
Hood slots are necessary to remove superheated humid air and carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) from the steam room. Exhaust openings should be located opposite, as high as possible, slightly below the edge of the ceiling. It is advisable to place both eyes opposite each other, for effective creation and maintaining continuous air exchange.
Attention! Do not plan to locate the exhaust vent directly in the ceiling! The hole for the exit of air masses in the ceiling leads to a sharp cooling of the bath, preventing hot masses from lingering.
With the concept of locating the supply and exhaust openings, everything is clear and there are no problems in organizing work on installing ventilation in the bathhouse with your own hands. But the task of maintaining high temperature in the steam room and at the same time effective removal exhaust air and carbon monoxide remains open.
You should also pay attention that the ventilation in the bathhouse should work to maintain an acceptable temperature in the rooms for hygiene procedures, in the dressing room, and other parts of the room: in the dressing room, in the washroom and in the rest room. And if you are faced with the task of implementing a ventilation scheme in a steam room with your own hands, you should think about correct execution work.
Correct air circulation scheme in the bathhouse
There are two main types of ventilation:
Which one to choose is determined depending on the design of the bathhouse and the volume of its premises.
Ventilation using electronic unit management It starts up on its own due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the room and outside. The effectiveness of natural flows depends on the placement of air inlet and outlet openings. It is better and more optimal when the supply holes are located near the floor. Place them at a height of 200-350 mm, next to the stove. It is better to place the exhaust pipes of the hood on the opposite wall, 150-200 mm below the ceiling level.
Ventilation systems with natural air movement are not suitable for ventilating a steam room or sauna, since the cold air in this room accumulates at the bottom of the floor, and the hot air at the top. We need the hot streams to linger in the steam room as long as possible.
Adjusting the airflow movement is accompanied by difficulties, but when correct location By installing components of the ventilation system with your own hands, you can cope with this problem.
Natural ventilation is not desirable for a steam room; it is advisable to organize it in a recreation area This type of air recirculation in a steam room in a Russian bath or Finnish sauna can be divided into two subtypes:
Diagram of internal ventilation ducts in the bathhouse wall Natural air movement with the correct location of the ventilation holes and their sizes corresponding to the volume of the premises works well in a Russian bathhouse assembled from round logs or timber.
The design of the steam room frame must be airtight. Suitable for frame baths made of timber, use forced ventilation. Supply vents are installed in the outer wall of the steam room and must be additionally equipped with a blower fan. In bath structures made of brick or concrete blocks, it is possible to achieve high-quality air movement only through forced ventilation.
Depending on the material from which the bathhouse is constructed, the ventilation system is selected. Before you move on to choosing a ventilation scheme in the bathhouse and arranging its design with your own hands, you need to understand the subtleties and nuances of the design.
Carefully! Even a slight error in the location of the air supply and exhaust holes leads to unpleasant consequences. In the steam room, the desired hot temperature will either decrease or the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) will increase.
The ventilation system is laid out at the design stage of structures - the necessary channels are planned and the location of the intake and exhaust windows is determined. During the construction of a bathhouse, adjustable windows are installed after the decorative cladding of the room. The organization of air mass exchange in the room and the question “How to make ventilation in a bathhouse” must be resolved at the design stage.
Ventilation ducts for a dressing room, bathroom, steam room, rest room, as well as openings for the supply of fresh air and removal of a mixture of carbon monoxide, including moist air masses, must be installed at the appropriate stages of construction. On the stage final finishing In the premises, valves and grilles are installed to control the size of the supply and exhaust openings and the cross-sections of the ventilation ducts.
Basically, the effective functioning of bath ventilation is influenced by two factors:
The dimensions of the cracks depend on the number and volume of rooms: dressing room, steam room, bath room or relaxation room. Need to pick up optimal size these holes, and also provide the possibility of its adjustment. To adjust the gaps in the holes, install a door flap and grille. The exhaust opening is made with approximately the same dimensions as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the “exhaust” should not be less than the “supply”, otherwise it is impossible to ensure a complete outflow of moist and carbon dioxide air from the steam room.
In the photo on the left. ventilation hole with a slider to regulate the amount of fresh air. Keep in mind that with a large number of ventilation windows, it is more difficult to heat the sauna room to the correct temperature.
Large ventilation windows lead to excessive fuel or electricity consumption. In addition, there are problems with adjustment cross section ventilation ducts. It is difficult to relax if you constantly have to change the position of each valve.
IMPORTANT! The dimensions of the ventilation hole are calculated as 24 cm2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the ventilated area. For a good flow of fresh air from outside, the outlet lug should be larger than the inlet lug.
If the area of the ventilation lugs is insufficient, the temperature, humidity and carbon monoxide concentrations in the room may rise to critical levels.
The required size of the ventilation opening is designed at the rate of 24 sq.cm per 1 cubic meter of bathhouse volume The functioning of any ventilation system is based on replacing a mass of hot air with cold air. The movement occurs under the pressure of cold air from outside, since it is heavier. It remains only to provide for the possibility of adjusting the direction of the flow of hot air coming from the stove installed in the bathhouse.
For this reason, ventilation in the steam room is not limited to equipping one supply hole. It is necessary to plan two windows. To optimize the heat flow, it is enough to use a valve to adjust the gaps in the holes to a certain width.
Schematic representation of the placement of ventilation holes in a steam room. Influx of fresh air and removal of contaminated air masses. Assemble ventilation in the bathhouse with my own hands, easier if you stick simple rule. The quality indicators of the ventilation system in the bathhouse are based on initial stage design work. In the bathhouse, the circulating air flows in the rooms have a pronounced temperature difference, level discomfort from this mixture is the main task.
IMPORTANT! A comfortable atmosphere in a bathhouse depends not only on the absence of sudden changes in temperature “horizontally,” that is, when moving from one room to another: from the relaxation room to the locker room or from the steam room to the wash room. Synchronous mixing of air masses in the vertical plane is necessary: the air temperature near the floor should not be significantly lower than the temperature at the level of human height.
The microclimate in the bathhouse is directly influenced by the number, size and location of ventilation windows. The uniformity of supply, mixing and removal of air masses depends on the number of supply and exhaust openings, their size and location relative to each other, as well as heating devices and equipment of additional devices.
Any ventilation system in a bathhouse is designed with one purpose - maintaining temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. The bathhouse premises, especially the steam room, are exposed to water and steam, so periodic ventilation and drying are required. But ventilation and drying will be ineffective if proper ventilation in the bathhouse is not organized. Proper and continuous ventilation of the steam room significantly reduces the effects of wood absorbing moisture.
Ventilation in the bathhouse controls the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. Air exchange in baths and saunas is also ensured by a ventilated floor.
in constant contact with water they lose their appearance and become unusable after 4 years. Ventilation requirements organized by flooring:
Ventilation in the bath – general scheme systems There is no direct contact with water in the dressing room. That is why, making ventilation with your own hands in the wardrobe room, armed with photographs and videos with instructions, will not be difficult.
Use natural or hybrid ventilation. Use a fan to supply fresh air. Install vents with ventilators that require direct access to the street and a power cable connection to the power supply.
Natural and combined ventilation is allowed in the dressing room. To optimize air exchange in the washing room, a forced ventilation system is used. It is driven by an electric motor. The air flow is removed in the direction of the vestibule (vestibule). The air supply and exhaust ducts are installed with the same cross-section. section. The inlet openings are located above ground level (2 m) and the outlet pipes are led to the roof.
Special requirements are imposed on the microclimate of the steam room. The steam room must be warmed up quickly, while maintaining an optimal level of humidity and without drafts. Thus, for a steam room, the actual position and dimensions of the inlet and outlet channels that are used in the construction of the bath are very important.
To regulate the inflow and outflow of air, valves in the ventilated openings are sufficient. A large volume of space will most likely require the use of a blower or exhaust fan.
Scheme: ventilation in the steam room We have given typical circuit diagrams designing ventilation in the bathhouse. Videos and images, attached instructions, will definitely help those who want to build a bathhouse complex on their own. We wish you a speedy embodiment of your dreams into concrete forms!
Floor ventilation in a bathhouse is an urgent need. Constant dampness of the floor covering will inevitably lead to rotting of the material, even with concrete base. And floors with areas of rot, mold, fungi become a source of various infections and unpleasant odor. And the durability of such an element will be short. To ventilate the floor of a bathhouse means increasing its service life without repairs and eliminating unhealthy effects on human body and ensure the comfort of the bath procedure.
Rot on the floor in the bathhouse indicates a lack of ventilation
The floor in the bathhouse is in extreme conditions. Active moistening of the material occurs both from below (from the ground) and from above during the operation of the establishment. Particularly difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where saturated heated water vapor, in contact with the floor covering, cools and condenses. The resulting water penetrates into the material, creating a favorable environment for various pests. The destructive process is accelerated by increased temperature, which at the floor surface can be 30-40 degrees.
Not much better conditions and in the washing department. Here, streams of water (both warm and cold) pour onto the floor from shower stalls and various watering containers. Moreover, water is mixed with detergents, which increases the aggressiveness of the impact.
A more favorable environment occurs in the waiting room and rest room. However, even in these rooms one should not discount the possibility of steam from the steam room entering through an open door, as well as moisture from wet feet.
Ventilation of the floor in the bathhouse prevents the appearance of fungus and rot, and also draws out excess steam On the soil side, moisture is caused by natural conditions. The most dangerous thing is the presence of highly located groundwater and rising water levels during prolonged precipitation, snow melt and flood situations. In principle, to protect against the effects of this moisture, drainage systems and layers of waterproofing in the floor structure, but they cannot completely eliminate the penetration of moisture from below.
nuance! Do-it-yourself floor ventilation in a bathhouse is considered effective way combating the dampness problem.
By providing an influx of fresh air, it speeds up the drying of the material during the period between bath procedures. It prevents condensation from accumulating on the surface, prevents microorganisms from actively developing, and removes polluted air from the room.
Ventilation of the floor in bath rooms can be carried out various methods. One of the most important elements of the system is the creation of ventilation spaces in the floor structure, which eliminates the accumulation of moisture inside, between the layers. The basic system can be based on several characteristic designs: ventilation under the floor in the bathhouse, general ventilation bath room, blowing warm air.
Structurally, any room ventilation must include an inlet for fresh air mass and an outlet for polluted air. That's all for this bath rooms equipped with inlet and outlet ventilation openings (vents). In addition, if necessary, air ducts (air channels), dampers, and protective grilles are installed to ensure air supply at the right time and in the right direction.
Depending on the nature of the air flow, this process can be natural or artificial (forced). The first option is considered classic, in which the air flow moves spontaneously in accordance with the laws of convection, i.e. as a result of a temperature or pressure gradient. When such ventilation of the floor in the bathhouse occurs, the flow diagram has characteristic appearance(Fig. 1).
Nuance! With a natural design, the entrance vent should be located as low as possible (under or near the floor).
The air, heating up, will rise upward, and this is where the outlet should be located. It is not recommended to ventilate the floor in the bathhouse through the attic, i.e. through a vent in the ceiling. A closed space is formed in the attic, where all the harmful emissions gradually accumulate, which can then return through the hole to the bathhouse, but in a concentrated state.
Figure 1. Natural ventilation occurs due to the difference in air pressure in the steam room Forced ventilation of a bath floor is based on the use of special equipment that creates a controlled air flow in the required direction. It is possible to use the following types of artificial ventilation:
There is an option for exhaust ventilation through the floor in the bathhouse to the outside When arranging floor ventilation, it is necessary to take into account a number of specific conditions. The efficiency and comfort of the system is determined by the fulfillment of the following requirements:
When providing fresh air ventilation through the floor, it is necessary to ensure that cold air is not drawn across the floor. The quality and characteristics of ventilation depend, first of all, on the location of the vents. When choosing a location for them, it is necessary to take into account climatic conditions(humidity and air temperature), wind conditions (“wind rose”), landscape of the site, the presence of polluting sources, as well as internal factors - type and location of the stove, door design, presence of windows and vents.
Most often, the inlet for floor ventilation is located in the following places, at 3 different levels:
Most often, when organizing floor ventilation in a bathhouse, the following fairly simple solutions are used:
Ventilation using the Basta system in the steam room Ventilation installed under the floor of the bathhouse has a number of advantages. In addition to helping eliminate condensation and provide drying flooring, the air flow hidden below cannot cause drafts, which means the system can also be used during the bath procedure.
For efficient work ventilation under the floor is important to properly arrange drainage system, i.e. permanently delete wastewater outside the bathhouse. Ventilation is ensured by installing 2 holes in the foundation. They are located on opposite walls, but not directly opposite each other. In general, the optimal option is when the air flow passes along a complex path, covering the maximum possible area. The vents are equipped with valves that allow you to regulate the fresh air supply time and flow rate. It is worth highlighting one of the types of outlet vent - a vertical hole through the entire thickness of the foundation to the ground. This channel also ensures moisture drainage.
The ventilation duct under the floor is formed by jumpers (logs), which are usually used as timber measuring 6-8 x 10-15 cm. These logs are mounted on concrete screed, made with a slope for drainage. The plank flooring is laid on top of the joists, and the boards are attached with a gap, which ensures the free flow of water. The valves on the vents open taking into account the outside air temperature. In summer they may be open all the time, but winter time active ventilation should be carried out only when there are no people in the steam room.
One of the most comfortable and effective options– make the heated floor in the bathhouse ventilated. To solve this problem, heated air must be directed into the ventilation ducts. In bath conditions it can be obtained using a stove. You can use a two-section pipe, which will provide ventilation for both the room and the underground. This pipe is directed through the sauna stove, and the air flow is divided in 2 directions: into the steam room and under the floor. It is advisable to equip such a system with forced exhaust.
In the dressing room of the bathhouse you can build a warm floor with ventilation advice! A warm floor with hot air ventilation must be well insulated from the ground surface to reduce the cooling of the channel from soil water (especially in winter).
To achieve this, waterproofing and effective thermal insulation layer. In the system under consideration, the external flooring is applied with the boards tightly fitting to each other, without gaps. The outlet of the system is combined with the chimney, which increases draft. The inlet and outlet openings are equipped with valves.
Ventilation of the floor in a bathhouse is considered an important element of its arrangement, allowing to prevent rotting of the material and increase the service life of the entire structure. With the help of ventilation, you can provide warm floors, which will increase the comfort of bathing procedures. You can provide a ventilation bath system with your own hands, but for this you need to take into account the specific requirements and recommendations of specialists.
Going to the bathhouse is not only one of the ways to wash yourself, but also to remove accumulated toxins and harmful substances from the body. The healing effects of the bath can be felt if the exhaust holes are properly arranged and the air is constantly renewed. Properly installed ventilation in a bathhouse is the first necessity. Without it, musty, stagnant air disrupts the microclimate in the steam room and, together with high humidity provokes the formation of fungi and mold.
The arrangement of exhaust and supply structures in the washing part of the bathhouse and steam room allows you to preserve the building in its original form, protect it from premature aging, wear and rot. Ventilation is quite easy to install with your own hands if you follow some rules.
Ventilation plays a huge role in bathhouses equipped with solid fuel and gas stoves. During operation, such devices require an impressive volume of air in order to maintain combustion. Lack of ventilation system, resulting in excess carbon dioxide, can provoke oxygen starvation in people.
Uninformed, self-taught bath masters try to insulate rooms as thoroughly as possible in order to increase the heating rate and retain heat for a long time. To do this, seal everything, even the smallest cracks, and insulate the doorway so that cold air flow does not enter inside. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to arranging a bath; there must be ventilation holes. A properly planned ventilation system contributes to:
As you can see, constant circulation of air masses in bath rooms is really necessary. In order to properly install ventilation in a bathhouse, you need to familiarize yourself with its types and installation diagrams.
Ventilation structures are distinguished by the type of device. The following types are commonly used:
For good natural ventilation of the room, even during construction, special openings are provided through which air exchange occurs. They are equipped with special covers or dampers so that, if necessary, the circulation of air masses can be stopped.
The basis of this type of ventilation system is the difference in pressure and temperature between the street and the inside of the bathhouse. The effectiveness of this method lies in the correct location of the vents. The place for air intake is usually located behind the stove, 0.3 m from the floor, and for exhaust - on the opposite wall, about 0.3 m from the ceiling.
This option for providing ventilation for a steam room is not entirely suitable. Ventilation in the steam room must be arranged in such a way that the outlet is at the same level as the inlet. The incoming air warms up as it passes through the oven, rises to the top, and then, once cooled, falls down and enters the exhaust vent. If it is necessary to preserve heat, all vents can be closed.
The effectiveness of this method can be increased by lowering the second hole closer to the floor and installing fans, but this option will already be considered mechanical.
Mechanical ventilation of the room is carried out by installing special fans on the vents. This contributes quite quick update air, which is indispensable in a room such as a washing room. This method of ventilation is convenient when the steam in the bath is pumped into the bath with a special device; its excess is easily removed.
An artificial ventilation system has a number of advantages over a natural one:
The forced ventilation system is significantly superior in quality to the natural one. However, in any case, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct location of the ventilation ducts.
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse is a rather interesting question. There are several various schemes arrangement of exhaust and supply passages.
Both openings (inlet and outlet) are located on the same wall opposite the stove. The air enters from an vent located about 0.3 m from the floor, and exits into a second one located 0.3 m from the ceiling. Cold air masses entering the room are heated by the stove, rise up and, having made a circle, are pulled out. This scheme is very convenient if only one wall of the steam room faces the street.
Sometimes the stove itself (stove) is used as a hood. This ventilation option only works with a constantly burning stove and operates according to the following principle:
The following diagram shows how to make ventilation in a steam room with a slatted (leaking) floor. In such a room, only one vent is installed for air intake. It is located behind the stove. With this arrangement of the ventilation system, the cooled air descends through the grille into the underground, from where it is sent outside through an exhaust pipe raised to the roof.
Such a ventilation system allows you to simultaneously establish proper air exchange and dry the floor. This method significantly increases the service life of the wood coating.
For a Russian steam room, where steam was always prepared manually, none of the forced ventilation schemes would be suitable. With this arrangement of ventilation holes, all the healthy steam that was prepared with difficulty will escape outside. You can refresh such a room by simply ventilating it or by installing a small grille at the bottom of the door.
Ventilation of such a steam room should be very effective. A Turkish bath or hammam has almost 100% humidity, pumped by steam generators. Therefore, during an hour of operation, the air in the room must change several times.
Another feature of such a bath is education large quantity condensate, which must also be removed. For this purpose, special air dryers are installed in the exhaust pipes.
Peculiarity brick bath in the material from which it is made. Brick is quite hygroscopic and easily absorbs moisture. Without high-quality ventilation, such a bathhouse will very quickly become unusable and you will have to dry not only the interior decoration elements, but also the walls.
In such rooms, the inflow and outflow of air should be very active. Vents are arranged in such a way that it is possible to regulate flows.
Now it is more or less clear how the ventilation system should work. But other points need to be taken into account; the ventilation system should not:
If you pay attention to all the specified subtleties, follow the suggested tips, then build ventilation system easy to do with your own hands. This will allow you to save a lot, because calling a specialist will cost quite a decent amount.
