Feelings and reason play a huge role in the life of each of us. Events occurring in a person’s life often cause strong emotions and deep experiences, and they are often the motive, the impetus for action and unexpected actions. The mind is common sense, cold calculation necessary to achieve the most profitable and practically useful result. Reason is given to us in order to control our feelings. Feelings are uncontrollable emotions that can knock a person out of the usual rhythm of life, disrupt his plans and direct them in a different direction. Often it is the conflict between feelings and reason that prevents a person from continuing his life calmly, forcing him to choose one of the paths: feelings and reason encourage different, opposite actions.
This problem rises in Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm". The main character found herself in completely unexpected circumstances: after marriage, her life became boring, she experienced endless humiliation from Kabanikha, her husband’s mother. New family, the new rules confused the deeply religious, sincere Katerina, most of all she suffered in her husband’s house from the despotism of her mother-in-law, from the feeling of lack of freedom. Tikhon, her husband, was completely subordinate to his mother, and found solace in his business trips, where he allowed himself a lot. The emerging love for Boris led to a deep conflict in Katerina’s soul between feeling and reason. Being a believer, she understood how sinful her feeling was, but she could not cope with it. Having started dating Boris, she was internally still restless, tormented by conscience, expecting heavenly punishment. And here, too, feelings took precedence over reason: Katerina publicly admits her sin and, of course, is subjected to humiliation and even greater oppression in her husband’s family. Boris leaves by order of Dikiy for Siberia, refusing to take Katerina with him. And she rushes to the Volga because she could no longer stay in her husband’s house, where living had become completely unbearable.
The life of Andriy, one of the heroes of N.V.’s story, also ended in death. Gogol "Taras Bulba". A conflict arose in his soul between reason and feeling, also because of love. He fell in love with a Polish woman, a representative of a people hostile to him. Andriy understood that his duty to the Fatherland could not allow him to be near his beloved. However, feelings for the girl turned out to be stronger than love to the Motherland, to the family, to the father. Love led Andriy to betrayal and death at the hands of his father.
Love, leading to a conflict between feeling and reason, is also described in the story by I.A. Bunin " Dark alleys». Main character Nikolai Alekseevich stayed briefly at a private hotel, the owner of which he recognized as his former lover Nadezhda, with whom he had been close in his youth, but meanly abandoned him. She confessed to him that she still loved him just as much as before. And Nikolai realized that that period of his life when they loved each other was the happiest in his life, that for his act - he abandoned Nadezhda - he paid with fate: his beloved wife left, and his son did not grow up the way Nikolai Alekseevich wanted him to be . It would seem that now, after so many years, the relationship between Nikolai Alekseevich and Nadezhda could develop happily! But no. The hero’s mind rejects the possible connection; class prejudices are too strong in him. He cannot imagine that Nadezhda will become the mistress of his St. Petersburg house, the mother of his children. So the mind deprives Nikolai Alekseevich of a possible happy personal life.
Thus, most often the conflict between feeling and reason arises due to love and leads to human suffering. Guided by feelings, a person can get into trouble; acting based on reason, he deprives himself of happiness. Apparently, only a harmonious balance of reason and feeling, the absence of conflict between them, can contribute to a happy fate.
The inner world of a person is filled with such components as reason and feeling. These are completely opposite concepts. Reason is the fruit of numerous analyzes and evaluative activities. A feeling is an emotional reflection of reality that occurs instantly. Are reason and feeling always in harmony with each other? How often does a person listen to the call of reason when he is overwhelmed by emotions? Or does he act as his heart desires? Why is a person forced to make this difficult choice? Why does this fight break out? What will it lead to? Is a person, guided by one thing, capable of reaching incredible heights and making a great discovery? Or it will lead to collapse human soul, the destruction of the previous foundation of life and everything inner world person? The great minds of mankind have been looking for answers to these questions for many years.
Let us turn to works of world fiction to understand the reasons why a conflict arises between reason and feeling.
As an example, I would like to cite the work of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin “ Garnet bracelet" Here we can observe the internal struggle that took place in the soul of the main character, Zheltkov. He, a man of humble origin, is madly in love with Princess Sheina. But she - married woman. Zheltkov understands that they can never be together, but his feelings have such significant power over him that he writes letters to Sheina about his love. She rejects him and asks him not to bother her anymore. Zheltkov realizes that life without his beloved is impossible, it has lost its meaning, so he decides to leave this world.
Here is an example of how a hero, finding himself in the center of a confrontation between reason and feelings, is unable to resist this struggle, he decides to die. After all, his heart wanted one thing, but his mind insisted on something completely different.
As the next example, I would like to cite William Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". The main characters belong to two warring families - the Montagues and the Capulets. Young people experience the strongest feelings, they love each other madly. However, life circumstances do not allow them to be together, everything is against the feelings of the lovers. The voice of reason tells them not to succumb to the outbreak of love. But emotions prevail in the fight against reason. Unfortunately, the fates of Romeo and Juliet are sad, they both die. This is how the lives of people who give preference to feelings can end tragically.
Conflicts occur very often in our lives. The struggle between reason and feeling is a serious confrontation. It occurs when a person needs to do right choice, decide on something. A person must weigh all the pros and cons so as not to make a mistake when choosing. After all, the whole future life depends on it.
Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -
Mind and feelings. These words will become the main motive one of the topics on a graduation essay in 2017.
You can select two directions, which should be discussed on this topic.
1. The struggle of reason and feelings in a person, requiring mandatory choice: act in accordance with surging emotions, or still not lose your head, weigh your actions, be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for others.
2. Reason and feelings can be allies , blend harmoniously in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to react emotionally to everything that happens around him.
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In the life of every person there are moments of complex internal struggle when the dictates of feelings contradict the voice of reason. Very often feelings push a person to some dangerous, reckless actions. And the mind, on the contrary, tries to stop a person so that he does not make irreparable mistakes. As a rule, in these moments of internal conflict, his future and the future of other people depend on a person’s decision. Making the right choice can be very difficult. It is not always clear what you need to listen to: feelings or reason? It happens that even a person who, at first it seems, did the right thing, later becomes unhappy precisely because he listened to his feelings and not to his reason, or vice versa. What can a conflict of feelings and reason lead to, and how to determine in a complex life situation, what should you listen to at this moment?
To answer this question, let us turn to the works of Russian classical literature. One of the main characters in the novel “War and Peace” by Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy is Pierre Bezukhov. Having fallen in love with Helen Kuragina, he begins to reflect on the fact that before he always considered her stupid, that they say about her that she had love with her brother Anatole. In addition, Pierre realizes that he feels fake love for her, there is something nasty in his feelings for her. But when the voice of reason convinces Pierre of her insignificance, at the same time, under the influence of feelings, he imagines how Helen will become his wife, how she will be able to love him. Feelings convince him: what he heard about her promiscuity is not true, she does not say anything stupid: “She says little, but what she says is always simple and clear. So she's not stupid. She has never been embarrassed and is not embarrassed. So she’s not a bad woman!” But feelings have not yet completely eclipsed reason. An inner voice says to Pierre: “This happiness is not for you. This is happiness for those who don’t have what you have.” Reason is trying to convince Pierre that Helen is not a woman worthy of him. But still, feelings prevail over reason, and Pierre marries Helen. But this marriage did not bring him happiness - he soon felt pain and disappointment. Having learned from other people that Helen had cheated on him with Dolokhov, Pierre at first could not believe it: “Pierre decidedly did not believe either the princess’s hints or the letter, but he was now afraid to look at Dolokhov, who was sitting in front of him.” But Dolokhov’s insolent behavior during the holiday infuriated Pierre, and he challenged his wife’s lover to a duel, where he wounded him. It seemed to Pierre that he had killed him, and this begins to torment him. Arriving home, he begins to think: “But what is my fault?” Reason answers him: “The fact is that you married without loving her, that you deceived both yourself and her.” Pierre becomes more and more convinced of his wife's guilt. He always knew that Helen was a depraved woman, but under the influence of strong feelings he did not want to believe it. Pierre recalls: when he asked if she felt that she was pregnant, Helene “laughed contemptuously and said that she was not a fool to want to have children, and that she would not have children from Pierre.” Pierre also remembered how her father, jokingly, made her jealous, but she didn’t care. I remembered that she allowed her brother Anatoly to kiss her shoulders. With pain, Pierre became convinced of her immorality and cruelty. Reason could not save him from making a mistake - his feelings won. If he had previously carefully considered the words about Helen’s promiscuity, if he had observed her before getting married, he would have avoided his mistake.
An example of the victory of reason over feelings is the behavior of Eugene Onegin from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, when he received Tatyana’s letter in which she confesses her love to Onegin. Onegin clearly sympathized with Tatiana, as can be seen from his conversation with Lensky. He says that, choosing between Olga and Tatyana, he would choose the latter. Although Olga is beautiful, Onegin does not like her, because “Olga has no life in her features.” Onegin, apparently, never experienced strong feelings for women: he “looked for them without rapture, and left them without regret.” But, having received Tatiana’s letter, Onegin was touched. He remembered her face and fell into a “sweet, sinless sleep.” However, he was afraid to deceive Tatyana. His mind quickly cooled the fervor of his feelings, and he did not want to get to know Tatyana better. Onegin, during an explanation with Tatyana, confesses to her: “If I were captivated by the family picture for even one moment, then it would be true that I would not look for another bride besides you alone.” As a result, Tatyana remains unhappy. For a long time she cannot forget Onegin. Yielding to her mother's pleas, she married an unloved man - she didn't care. But fate brings her together with Onegin again. This time he feels more vivid and strong feelings: “There is no doubt: alas! Evgeniy is in love with Tatiana like a child.” But Tatyana does not respond to his advances. Moreover, she is angry with him. Onegin rushed to Tatiana's house. Seeing her reading his letter and crying, he throws himself on her lap. Tatyana admitted that she still loves Onegin, but she is married to another man, and she will always be faithful to her husband. As a result, both Tatyana and Onegin remain unhappy. Of course, we must admit that Onegin, not wanting to deceive Tatyana, because he was not sure that their feelings for each other would lead to something good, acted very nobly. On the other hand, Onegin noticed Tatyana’s high morality and her dissimilarity from others. But Onegin did not want to listen to feelings. Reason convinces Evgeniy that Tatyana, like everyone else, may tire of him, and he will leave her, causing her great pain. But he also had to think about the fact that none of the women inspired him with such respect as she did. If he wanted to get to know her better, then, probably, having known her rich inner world, Onegin would have become even more attached to her. Perhaps they would have gotten married and been happy.
So, all people at some time in their lives have been subject to internal conflict - a struggle between the mind and feelings. Usually the power of the mind tries to interfere with the dictates of the senses, that is, the mind, as a rule, serves as protection for a person from risk, various mistakes and troubles. At the behest of feelings, a person can make rash decisions. This, of course, does not mean that you should never listen to your feelings. Reason is not always right. Both reason and feelings can make a person either happy or unhappy. I think that, if possible, you should always think carefully before doing something under the influence of emotions. It often happens that you need to listen to feelings, but at the same time emotions must be controlled by the mind. In such cases perfect option– this is when the decision is both sensual and reasonable.
What do you think about the struggle between the mind and feelings?
Format"Reason and Feeling"
Official comment:
The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as two of the most important components of a person’s inner world, which influence his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in complex confrontation that constitutes the internal conflict of the individual. The theme of reason and feeling is interesting for writers of different cultures and eras: heroes literary works often find themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of feeling and the prompting of reason.
Aphorisms and sayings famous people:
There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of the feelings. MM. Prishvin
If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will turn out to be false. Lucretius
A feeling held captive by crude practical needs has only a limited meaning. Karl Marx
No imagination can come up with such a multitude of contradictory feelings that usually coexist in one human heart. F. La Rochefoucauld
Seeing and feeling is being, thinking is living. W. Shakespeare
The dialectical unity of reason and feeling is the central problem of the multitude works of art world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, one way or another touch on these two categories. Human nature is designed in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably gives rise to an internal conflict of the individual, and therefore gives rise to fertile soil for the work of writers - artists of human souls.
List of literature in the direction of “Reason and Feeling”
A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
A.M. Gorky "At the Bottom"
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Guy de Maupassant "The Necklace"
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza"
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
MATERIALS for literary arguments.
( Introduction )
What is love? Each person will answer this question differently. For me, love is the desire to always be there, despite quarrels, problems, grievances and misunderstandings, the desire to find a compromise, the ability to forgive and support in a difficult situation. Great happiness if love is mutual. But there are situations in life when an unrequited feeling arises. Unrequited love brings great suffering to a person. But the worst thing is when an unrequited feeling becomes beyond the control of reason and leads to an irreparable tragedy.(69 words)
(Argument)
Love is an eternal theme of world fiction. Many authors describe this great feeling in their works. And I would like to remember Kuprin’s wonderful story “The Garnet Bracelet”. On the first pages of the work, the life of the Shein family is revealed to us. There is no longer love in the married couple, and Vera Nikolaevna is disappointed in her marriage. She feels despondent in her soul. We can only guess that she, like any woman, wants attention, affection, care. Unfortunately, the main character does not understand that all this is very close. A minor official, Georgy Zheltkov, has been in love with Vera Nikolaevna for eight years with an unusually strong and sincere love. He fell in love with her at first sight and was happy because God rewarded him with this feeling. But the main character did not pay attention to the man of humble origin. Vera Nikolaevna is getting married and asks Zheltkov not to write to her anymore. We can only guess what difficulties this brought to our hero and marvel at his fortitude. Georgy did not have the opportunity to be close to Vera, to be loved by her, but he is happy because she simply exists, because Vera lives in this world. Zheltkov gives Vera Nikolaevna a garnet bracelet for her birthday. He does not expect Mrs. Sheina to carry the gift. But George is warmed by the thought that his beloved will simply touch this decoration. For Vera, this bracelet evokes a feeling of anxiety; the shimmer of the stones reminds her of drops of blood. Thus, the author makes it clear to us that a reciprocal feeling for Zheltkov begins to arise in the main character. She worries about him, feels trouble is approaching. Vera raises the topic of love in a conversation with a friend of her parents, whom she considers a grandfather, and she begins to understand that Zheltkov’s love is that very real and rare sincere love. But Vera’s brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, outraged by George’s gift, intervenes and decides to talk to Zheltkov. The main character of the work understands that he cannot escape his love. Neither leaving nor prison will help him. But he feels that he is interfering with his beloved, Georgy idolizes Vera, he is ready to do everything for her well-being, but he cannot overcome his feelings, and Zheltkov decides to commit suicide. This is how strong unrequited love led to tragedy. And Vera, unfortunately, realized too late that a very rare and sincere love had passed her by. No one and nothing can correct the situation if the person is gone.(362 words)
(Conclusion)
Love is a great feeling, but it is very scary when it leads to tragedy. No matter how strong your feelings are, you cannot lose your mind. Life is the best thing that is given to a person. The same can be said about love. And no matter what trials come our way, we must keep our feelings and mind in harmony.(51 words)
A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” “Reason and Feeling”
(Argument 132)
The hero of Kuprin's story “The Garnet Bracelet,” Georgy Zheltkov, could not cope with his feelings. This man, having seen Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for the rest of his life. George did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he couldn’t help himself. Faith was the small meaning of Zheltkov’s life, and he believed that God rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess. On the day of the Angel of Faith, a fan gave his beloved a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the trouble he had once caused. When the princess’s husband, together with her brother, found Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loved Vera and this feeling could only be extinguished by death. Finally, the hero asked Vera’s husband for permission to write her a last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to life.
A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” Love or madness? "Reason and Feeling"
(Introduction 72) Love is one of the warmest feelings a person can experience. She can fill the heart with joy, inspire and give vitality to a lover, But, unfortunately, this feeling does not always make a person happy. The lack of reciprocity breaks people's hearts, dooms them to suffering, and then a person can lose his mind, turning the object of adoration into some kind of deity that he is ready to worship forever. We often hear that lovers are called crazy. But where is this fine line between conscious feeling and addiction?
(Argument 160) The work of A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” makes readers think about this question. The main character pursued his beloved for many years, and then committed suicide. What pushed him to these actions: love or madness? I believe that it was still a conscious feeling. Zheltkov fell in love with Vera. Having seen her only once. Being a minor official, he was aware of the social inequality with his beloved, and therefore did not even try to win her favor. It was enough for him to admire the princess from the outside without intruding into her life. Zheltkov shared his feelings with Vera in letters. The hero wrote to his beloved even after her marriage, although he admitted the indecency of his behavior. The princess's husband treated Grigory Stepanovich with understanding. Shein told his wife that Zheltkov loved her and was not crazy at all. Of course, the hero showed weakness by deciding to commit suicide, but he came to this consciously, concluding that only death could end his love. He knew that without Vera he could not be happy and, at the same time, he did not want to disturb her.
(Argument 184) N In the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in the epic novel by Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy “War and Peace” two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, the impetuous Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other, the arrogant and calculating Helen Kuragina and her callous brother Anatol. Many conflicts in the novel occur precisely because of the excess feelings of the characters, the ups and downs of which are very interesting to watch. A striking example of how a rush of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha, because for her, funny and young, it was an incredibly long time to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flared up feelings? feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here a real drama of the mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine unfolds before us; she faces a difficult choice: leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole or not give in to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made; only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot blame the girl, knowing her impatient character and thirst for love. It was Natasha’s impulse that was dictated by her feelings, after which she regretted her action when she analyzed it.
L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”
(Argument 93) The main character of the novel - L. N. Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace", young Natasha Rostova, needed love. Being separated from her fiancé, Andrei Bolkonsky, the naive girl, in search of this feeling, trusted the insidious Anatoly Kuragin, who did not even think of connecting his life with Natasha. An attempt to escape with a person of ill repute is a risky act that Natasha Rostova decided to do, relying primarily on feelings. The sad outcome of this adventure is known to everyone: the engagement of Natasha and Andrei is broken, the former lovers suffer, the reputation of the Rostov family is shaken. If Natasha thought about possible consequences, she wouldn't be in this position.
L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”
(Argument 407) In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of reason and feeling are brought to the fore. They are expressed in two main characters: Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. A girl lives by feelings, a man lives by reason. Andrei is driven by patriotism, he feels responsible for the fate of the Fatherland, for the fate of the Russian army, and considers it necessary to be where it is especially difficult, where the fate of what is dear to him is being decided. Bolkonsky begins his military service from the lower ranks among the adjutants at Kutuzov’s headquarters; Andrei is not looking for an easy career or awards. In Natasha's life everything is based on feelings. The girl has a very easy character, Natasha enjoys life. She illuminates and warms her loved ones like the sun. When we meet Andrey, we see in him a restless person, dissatisfied with his real life. The birth of a child and at the same time the death of his wife, before whom he felt guilty, in my opinion, aggravated, so to speak, Bolkonsky’s spiritual crisis. Natasha became the reason for Bolkonsky's spiritual revival. Love for the cheerful, poetic Natasha gives birth in Andrey's soul to dreams of family happiness. Natasha became the second for him, new life. She had something that the prince did not have, and she harmoniously complemented him. Next to Natasha, Andrei felt revived and rejuvenated. All her living emotions gave him strength and inspired him to new things and events. After Natasha’s confession, Andrei’s ardor subsides. Now he feels responsible for Natasha. Andrei proposes to Natasha, but at the request of his father, he postpones the wedding for a year. Natasha and Andrey - very different people. She is young, inexperienced, trusting and spontaneous. He already has a whole life behind him, the death of his wife, his son, the trials of difficult wartime, a meeting with death. Therefore, Andrei cannot fully understand what Natasha feels, that waiting is very painful for her, she cannot restrain her feelings, her desire to love and be loved. This led to Natasha cheating on Andrey and they break up. Bolkonsky goes to war and is mortally wounded. Experiencing severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, before the threshold of death he experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. At this tragic moment, another meeting of Prince Andrei and Natasha takes place. War and suffering made Natasha an adult, now she understands how cruelly she treated Bolkonsky, betrayed such a wonderful person because of her childhood passion. Natasha is on her knees asking the prince for forgiveness. And he forgives her, he loves her again. He already loves with unearthly love, and this love brightens him up last days in this world. Only at this moment Andrei and Natasha were able to understand each other and acquired what they had been missing. But it was already too late.
(Argument 174) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play “The Thunderstorm”. In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey with all the vividness of emotions the emotional torment of the main character. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not for love; parents tried to marry someone who was richer. The girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. IN similar situation Katerina also turned out to be married to Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and childish, he was incapable of anything other than drunkenness. Tikhon’s mother, Marfa Kabanova, embodied the ideas of tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in everything “ dark kingdom“, so Katerina was constantly under pressure. The heroine strives for freedom; it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communicating with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from Kabanikha. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and could not live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger, and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented to her husband, after which she threw herself into the river.
A. N. Ostrovsky play “The Thunderstorm” “Reason and Feeling”
(Argument 246) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the work of A. N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm”. The play takes place in the fictional city of Kalinov on the banks of the Volga. The main characters of the play are Katerina and Kabanikha. In the nineteenth century, girls were not given in marriage for love; everyone wanted to give their daughter to a more rich family. Katerina found herself in such a situation. She finds herself in the world of Kabanikha, where outdated patriarchal morality reigns. Katerina strives to free herself from the shackles of coercion and admiration. She is attracted by dreams, spirituality, and sincerity.Katerina’s character is a place of collision between fear of God and sinful, illegal passions. With her mind, the main character understands that she is a “husband’s wife,” but Katerina’s soul requires love. main characterfalls in love with another man, although he tries to resist it.The heroine is given a tantalizing opportunity to commit this sin by meeting her lover, to go beyond what is permitted, but only on the condition that outsiders do not find out about it. Katerina takes the key to the gate at the Kabanov estate, which Varvara gives her, she accepts her sin, she takes up protest, but dooms herself to death from the very beginning.For Katerina, the commandments of the church and the patriarchal world are of the greatest importance. She wants to be pure and flawless. After her fall, Katerina was unable to hide her guilt in front of her husband and people. She is aware of the sin she has committed and at the same time wants to know happiness. true love. She does not see forgiveness for herself and the end of the torments of her conscience; she considers her soul ruined. Feelings overcame Katerina’s reason, she cheated on her husband, but the main character could not live with this, so she decided to commit an even more terrible sin from a religious point of view - suicide.
(Argument232) The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the shelter, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They don't see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditionstopics such as the question of truth and lies are raised . Reflecting on thistopic , the author compares the central characters of the play. Satin and the wanderer Luke are heroes - antipodes. When Elder Luke appears at the shelter, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of his feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not to let them wither away. According to Luke, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. So he lied to them, thinking that this would bring salvation for them. It will change their attitude to what is happening and instill hope in them. The hero wanted with all his heart to help the unfortunate, to instill hope in them. The hero wanted with all his heart to help the unfortunate, to make their lives at least a little brighter. He didn’t think about the fact that sweet lies can be worse than the bitter truth. Satin was harsh. He relied only on his thoughts and looked at the situation soberly. “Luke’s fairy tales made him angry, because he is a realist and is not used to “fictional happiness.” This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights. Gorky posed the question to his readers: which of them is more right? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author leaves it open. Everyone must decide for themselves.
M. Gorky play “At the Bottom” “Reason and Feeling”
(Introduction 62) What is better - truth or compassion? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. If the question asked what is better - truth or lie, my answer would be unequivocal. But the concepts of truth and compassion cannot be opposed to each other. You need to look for a fine line between them. There are situations when telling the bitter truth is the only thing the right decision. But sometimes people need a sweet lie, compassion for support, to lift their spirits.
(Argument 266) I am convinced of the correctness of this point of view fiction. Let us turn to M. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom”. The action takes place in the Kostylevs' rooming house, in which completely different people have gathered. Their difficult fate brought them together. And then Elder Luke appears in the lives of people who have lost everything. He tells them what a wonderful life awaits them, how everything will change if they just want it. The inhabitants of this shelter no longer hope to get back into the people. They have come to terms with the fact that their lives are doomed; they will not get out of poverty. But Luke by nature a kind person, feels sorry for them and gives them hope. His consoling speeches affected each person differently. The two most striking examples are Anna and Actor. Anna was seriously ill and was dying. Luka calms her down, says that afterlife Only good things await her. The elder became the last relative in her life, she asked to sit next to her and talk to her. Luke helped Anna with his compassion, he made her last days of life easier, brought joy and hope into them. And Anna went to the next world with a calm soul. But compassion played a cruel joke with the Actor. Luka told him about a hospital where the body is rid of the effects of alcohol. The actor was very worried about the fact that his body was poisoned and was glad to hear Luke’s stories, which gave him hope for better life. But when the Actor found out that such a hospital did not exist, he broke down. A man believed in a better future, and then found out that his hopes were doomed. The actor could not cope with such a blow of fate and committed suicide. A man is a friend to man. We must help each other, show sympathy, compassion, but we must not harm each other. A sweet lie can bring more trouble than the bitter truth.
(Argument 86) The hero opposite to Luke is Satin. The elder’s stories irritated him, because he is a realist. He is used to the harsh reality. Satin is very harsh, he thinks. That you should not hope blindly, but fight for your happiness. Did Satin somehow help his cohabitants with the truth? Did the shelter's inhabitants need another reminder that their lives were at rock bottom? I think not. Gorky posed a question to his readers: who is right, Luka or Satin? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author left it open in his work.
(Pin 70) Each person must choose his own path. But we must help each other. Telling the truth or showing compassion is everyone's choice. You need to act depending on the situation. The main thing is not to cause harm with your intervention. After all, not only our life, but also the life of our environment depends on us. With our words and actions we influence our loved ones and acquaintances, so in every situation we must think about what is better - truth or compassion?
(Argument205) The crowning achievement of the famous Russian writer A. S. Griboedov is the play “Woe from Wit.” It is in this work that the author touches on such important topics. Like the harm of rank and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, the honesty of serving the fatherland and duty, the identity, the nationality of Russian culture. The writer also exposes the vices of people, which to this day exist in each of us. Using the example of the central characters of the play, Griboedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism, sycophancy, and lies is Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin. This character is not at all harmless. With his obsequiousness, he successfully makes his way into high society. His “talents” - “moderation and accuracy” - provide him with a pass to “high society.” Molchalin is a staunch conservative, dependent on the opinions of others and pandering to “all people without exception.” It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and tough calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author ridicules Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader the insignificance of his existence. Mired in the world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin lost all his bright and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.
A. S. Griboyedov play “Woe from Wit” “Reason and Feeling”
(Argument345) Let us turn to A. S. Griboyedov’s play “Woe from Wit.” Young Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, brilliant with intelligence and wit, arrives at the mansion of the Moscow landowner-nobleman Famusov. His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow. In the not-too-distant past, Chatsky managed to recognize Sophia as an intelligent, extraordinary, determined girl and fell in love with her for these qualities. When he, matured and wiser, returns to his homeland, we understand that his feelings have not cooled. He is happy to see Sophia, who has gotten better during the separation, and is sincerely happy to meet. When the hero finds out that Sophia’s chosen one is Molchalin, her father’s secretary, he is unable to believe it. The hero sees perfectly well what Molchalin really is like; he does not love Sophia. Molchalin wants to move up career ladder using a girl. For this reason, he does not disdain either hypocrisy or meanness. Chatsky’s mind refuses to believe in Sophia’s love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that over the years Sophia could not change. Chatsky cannot understand that in the three years while he was gone, Famus society left its ugly mark on the girl. Sophia really passed good school in her father's house, she learned to pretend, lie, dodge, but she does this not out of selfish interests, but trying to protect her love. We see that Sophia rejects Chatsky not only out of female pride, but also for the same reasons for which Famusov’s Moscow does not accept him: his independent and mocking mind frightens Sophia, he is from a different circle. Sophia is even ready to take treacherous revenge on an old close friend who loves her madly: she starts a rumor about Chatsky’s madness. The hero breaks not only the threads connecting him with Famus society, he breaks off his relationship with Sophia, offended and humiliated by her choice to the depths of his soul. Sophia blames herself for everything that happened. Her situation seems hopeless, since, having rejected Molchalin, having lost her devoted friend Chatsky and being left with an angry father, she is alone again. Sophia tried to live with her mind, perverted in the concept of Famus society, but she was never able to give up her feelings, this led to the heroine getting confused, Sophia missed her love, but not only the heroine suffered from this, Chatsky’s heart was broken.
N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba"
They come to the old Cossack Colonel Taras Bulba after graduating from Kyiv Academy his two sons - Ostap and Andriy. Two hefty ones
After a long journey, the Sich meets Taras with his sons wild life- a sign of Zaporozhye will. Cossacks do not like to waste time on military exercises, collecting military experience only in the heat of battle. Ostap and Andriy rush with all the ardor of young men into this riotous sea. But old Taras does not like an idle life - this is not the kind of activity he wants to prepare his sons for. Having met all his comrades, he is still figuring out how to rouse the Cossacks on a campaign, so as not to waste the Cossack prowess on a continuous feast and drunken fun. He persuades the Cossacks to re-elect the Koschevoy, who keeps peace with the enemies of the Cossacks. The new Koshevoy, under the pressure of the most warlike Cossacks, and above all Taras, decides to go to Poland to celebrate all the evil and disgrace of faith and Cossack glory.
Andriy realized that he was betraying his father and followed his feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason
And soon the entire Polish southwest becomes the prey of fear, the rumor running ahead: “Cossacks! The Cossacks have appeared! In one month, the young Cossacks matured in battle, and old Taras loves to see that both of his sons are among the first. The Cossack army is trying to take the city of Dubna, where there is a lot of treasury and wealthy inhabitants, but they encounter desperate resistance from the garrison and residents. The Cossacks besiege the city and wait for famine to begin in it. Having nothing to do, the Cossacks devastate the surrounding area, burning defenseless villages and unharvested grain. The young, especially the sons of Taras, do not like this life. Old Bulba calms them down, promising hot fights soon. One dark night, Andria is awakened from sleep by a strange creature that looks like a ghost. This is a Tatar, a servant of the same Polish woman with whom Andriy is in love. The Tatar woman whispers that the lady is in the city, she saw Andriy from the city rampart and asks him to come to her or at least give a piece of bread for his dying mother. Andriy loads the bags with bread, as much as he can carry, and the Tatar woman leads him along the underground passage to the city. Having met his beloved, he renounces his father and brother, comrades and homeland: “The homeland is what our soul seeks, what is dearer to it than anything else. My homeland is you." Andriy remains with the lady to protect her until his last breath from his former comrades.
