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Among the problems with parameters included in the profile Unified State Exam in mathematics, one can distinguish a special class of tasks that are almost impossible to solve using standard school techniques. Often the functions on the left and right sides of the equation have fundamentally different natures, which does not allow the use of an analytical approach. And the complex form of these expressions makes constructing graphs problematic. The solution in this situation may be the minimax method for solving problems with parameters, which is based on the use of monotonicity and boundedness of functions.
Children may find some lessons boring. And then discipline begins to suffer in class, students quickly get tired and do not want to take part in the discussion. Case lessons were created to connect school knowledge with urgently needed competencies such as creativity, systematic and critical thinking, determination and others. Thanks to the cases, you can help the student benefit from and enjoy studying and cope with his personal problems!
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Every year I have students pointing at Unified State Exam in Social Studies brilliant results. These are the guys who go to HSE and Moscow State University for budget places. I am pleased to tell success stories of my students, and at the same time promote myself as a great specialist.
Like many tutors, I could cunningly deduce very high GPA(for example, taking into account only those who impeccably fulfilled all my requirements), leaving out of the calculations those who spoil the statistics.
Why do I publish the scores of absolutely all my students?
Olympics 2017: Karina is the winner of the Axios Olympiad, Ernest is the winner of the Axios Olympiad, Anya is the winner of the Interdisciplinary Olympiad for schoolchildren. IN AND. Vernadsky.
Unified State Exam 2017: (100*), 98 (100*), 96 (100*), 94, 90 (100*), 90, 88, 86, 82, 80 (100*), 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 78, 76, 76, 76, 76, 74, 74, 72, 71, 71, 70, 68, 68, 66, 64, 64, 62, 62, 60, 59, 56, 56, 56.
DVI at MSU-2017: 90, 82, 74, 70, 58, 58, 50
* — 100 points for the Olympiad.
Attention! Both diagrams show primary points (the maximum score in 2017 was 62), before being converted to a test score.
Olympics 2016: Alsou - 2nd degree diploma at the “Highest Standard” Olympiad.
Unified State Exam 2016: 94, 94, 92 (100*), 92 (100*), 92, 90, 88, 88, 86, 86, 82, 82, 82, 80, 78, 76, 74, 74, 71, 70, 70, 66, 65, 64, 61, 61, 61, 60, 60, 56, 55, 55, 49.
DVI at MSU-2016: 80, 2.
* — 100 points for the Olympiad.
According to the results Unified State Exam-2016 my students entered budget places at HSE, MSU, VAVT, MSLU, REU im. Plekhanov, Moscow State Law Academy, Financial Academy, Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Classes were conducted in mini-groups, face-to-face and remotely.
Olympics 2015: Anya is a winner of the “Highest Standard” Olympiad
Unified State Exam 2015: 92(100*), 92, 88, 88, 86, 76, 76, 71, 70, 70.
DVI at Moscow State University: 82, 65, 65, 50.
* — 100 points for the Olympiad.
Based on the results of the Unified State Examination 2015, my students entered the budget places at Moscow State University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow State Law Academy, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Linguistic University.
Secondary general education
Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)
Social science
My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Exam in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting assignments has a good effect when completing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is relieved, brain activity is directed to analyzing the materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for completing the work.
We use as materials for work Unified State Exam option in social studies 2017 ( early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.
Write down the word missing in the table.
Factors of production and factor income
When completing task No. 1, you need to carefully look at the title of the table. In our case, the table is called “Factors of production and factor income.” One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know and full specifications all factors of production.
In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).
State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.
Answer: ___________________________.
In task No. 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, how device political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition higher authorities state power and the procedure for their formation, as well as their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is one of the forms of government. I always strongly recommend that my students, in a rough draft, immediately when they begin completing assignments related to the topic “Politics,” draw a diagram:
This is important because, typical mistake, which graduates allow when conducting test exams, is associated with confusion of concepts. And when the diagram is before your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.
Accordingly, based on the diagram, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all others here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part forms of state and republic, as one of the types of government.
Correct answer: form of state.
Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.
Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
When completing task No. 3, pay attention to the concept in question. IN in this case– this is an “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics this concept. Elite culture is discussed in the topic “The spiritual sphere of social life.” The generic concept is “Culture”. In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the authors’ desire to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready to perceive Schnittke’s musical works, analyze highly intellectual literary works Kafka? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive complex works. Elite culture does not seek commercial gain; self-expression and the search for new forms in art are important for authors.
Two characteristics that remain outside our attention: entertaining nature and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics popular culture. Therefore, in this case we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.
Select correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
In task No. 4 we must discover judgments about society and public institutions. Here you cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; “social institution”, as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of social life.
The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.
The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from lower to higher. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already outdated structures and relationships, which is quality characteristics Another direction of social development is regression.
The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of “society” in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. What is missing there is “consisting of individuals with consciousness and will.”
The fourth proposition is correct. During socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.
The fifth proposition is incorrect. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is almost impossible to apply the concepts of “ closed system", not interacting with the external environment. No special evidence is needed here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of “a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it.”
Thus, the correct judgments will be: 1, 3, 4.
Thematic planning in social studies
Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.
Task No. 5 relates to the topic “Activities”. Types (forms of activity) are considered: play, learning, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to study (AT 3). And not a single type (form) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on information exchange reflect the essence of communication (G 1, D 1). You just need to remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.
Despite the apparent ease of tasks, it is important to take your time and conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.
Students conducted a study of the motives for educational activities of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
In task No. 6 they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and classify the methods related to each level. We remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects being studied, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.
This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6
Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
Task No. 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to get a high score in the exam.
So, let's try. Private property is prerequisite for the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are told in judgment that it is a command economy. This is not true, also because in a command economy state ownership dominates, and the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also incorrect. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.
The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy freedom economic activity individual entities are aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.
Right answers: 3, 4, 5.
Establish a correspondence between the examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Task No. 8 is related to the graduate’s financial literacy, namely knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by level:
Thus, in our task we again use the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.
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Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the fundamentals of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. |
Company Y is a wedding dress sewing studio. Find in the list below examples of variable costs of firm Y in the short run and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
Completing task No. 9 requires knowledge of the topic “Company” and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profit. The assignment must clearly indicate variable costs firms in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.
To complete a task without error, you also need to remember that variable costs change when production volume changes.
The company's credit histories will always relate to fixed costs, so the first option is not correct. But the purchase of fabrics, threads, and accessories refers to consumables, which means they are variable costs, as are the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are the company’s fixed costs. Rent and insurance premiums are fixed costs for any company. Here's the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) will be a variable cost.
Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .
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Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard for secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings “Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions”, “Testing our knowledge”, “Researching, designing, discussing, arguing”. |
The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the corresponding market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P – price; Q – quantity.)
Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what is being asked about: a change in the quantity of demand or the quantity of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that changes in supply are affected by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.
Therefore, the first answer - an increase in the cost of materials for upholstering chairs will precisely contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in wages for workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time reduces the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But an increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, the price increase Supplies, electricity tariffs, and workers' compensation will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.
Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .
Choose the correct statements about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
When completing task No. 11, we proceed from knowledge of the concepts of “social stratification” and “social mobility”, criteria for social stratification, types of social mobility.
Horizontal mobility involves moving from one social group to another, located at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct, since sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.
Right answers: 2, 4, 5.
During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which direction of the state’s youth policy do you consider the most important?”
The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.
Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
When completing task No. 12, you need to carefully read the terms of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows data from these countries. Before reading the judgments presented, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each country, the leading position was taken by the answer “providing social support.” Further, in country Z, the position “conducting educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “ensuring access to decision-making...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “ensuring access to decision-making...” and “creating conditions for self-expression.” After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.
The first judgment is correct, since the chart data demonstrates this position. The second judgment is not correct, since in country Z there are more people who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.
The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.
The fourth judgment is also correct; we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.
The fifth proposition is not correct, this is clearly visible in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.
Right answers: 1, 3, 4.
Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
When completing task No. 13, it is important to remember the concept of “state”, its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the proposition “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of the environmental security of countries” is correct. The second judgment is not correct, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.
The third proposition, “the state has the monopoly right to legally use coercion through the forces of law enforcement and security agencies,” essentially takes us to the most important feature of the state – the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous because it reflects the most important internal function state “determining the general direction of the state’s economic policy.” The fifth judgment combines two characteristics of a state: lawmaking and a system of bodies and mechanisms for the exercise of public power ( we're talking about about public authorities). We read: “the state creates normative And organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.
Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .
Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
For correct execution Assignment No. 14 requires a good knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the division of powers is realized, which is what we are asked about. Previously, we saw the separation of powers when completing a task about taxes. You need to remember what is within the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.
The first competence is issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is jointly managed A 2. Those. This is an issue on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. Thus, it would be correct to include “implementation of measures to combat disasters” under the same position. AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, That's why B 1. Positions G and D fall within the exclusive competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, D 1.
In the democratic state Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.
Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.
Answer: ___________________________.
Question No. 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems and their reform, but about elections in general(topic “Political participation”). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.
Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second judgment refers us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct; one of the principles is also presented - secret voting.
The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process with majoritarian system, in contrast to proportional, where the state acts as a single electoral district. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.
Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .
Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
Question No. 16 again takes us back to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to government bodies is correct, participation in managing the affairs of the state through one’s representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, defense of the Fatherland are among the constitutional responsibilities of a citizen, as is compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, caring for children and disabled parents.
Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .
Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, since it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the civil registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little; it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, dissolution of marriage. Our assignment states: the marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the intersection of constitutional obligations and family law norms: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses’ property is established only marriage contract. This is not true because Not only a marriage contract, and also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.
Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .
Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Task No. 18 relates to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. A warning refers to a type of administrative penalty - B 3. Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to fulfill labor duties, etc.) – AT 2. Remark – disciplinary action, G 2. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.
Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery products. Find in the list the features that distinguish a joint stock company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.
Answer: ___________________________.
To complete task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint stock company. We remember that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, belong to business companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activity is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into certain number shares Participants can be citizens legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 – “dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security” will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but bear the risk of losses from the company’s activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 is “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share - security) will be correct, as will answer 6 – “payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year.” Judgments 2 and 3 – “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “obligation of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to general provisions of Labor Law. But “distribution of profits among workers in accordance with their labor participation” is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a “production cooperative” (artel).
Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .
Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.
“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________(A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (B), learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).
Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________(D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, and bears _________ (E) for his choice.”
The words in the list are given in nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.
Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
List of terms:
The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.
When completing task No. 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and independently substitute words that, in your opinion, are suitable in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, select words from those on the list. You will have a situation of success when the words you selected coincide with those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then select from those available in the task.
“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a personality is formed - in society. What a personality does is transform the world and himself). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, through which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (G).
Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized desire (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, all experiences (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person’s life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).”
Read the text and complete tasks 21–24.
In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim...
Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in labor demand. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those involved in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to moving from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.
The structurally unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficient or becoming insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment levels, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.
Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing experience, most people who go through it report experiencing despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for longer than a few weeks. For most people, hired work is the main, and often the only, means of meeting their material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Research shows that those who do not like their jobs still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse consequences, being away from work leads to equally significant problems: increased stress, family conflicts, addiction to alcohol and drugs.
(K.H. Brier)
When starting to complete tasks on texts 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen to ensure maximum absorption of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, during a quick reading, look for answers. Typically, this practice leads to incorrect answers and lower scores on the exam.
How does the text indicate the effect of a recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?
Answer: “A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up.” Those. labor demand fluctuates.
It is also better to complete task No. 22 in parts.
Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim..."
Hypothesize why some workers accept underemployment (make two hypotheses). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write each guess on a new line.
In our case, we can model the answer using the text. We do not provide examples because this is not specified in the assignment.
Answer: workers agree to part-time work because it is important for a person to feel significant and needed. Even part-time work gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and gives the opportunity to participate in public life.
Workers agree to part-time work because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to maintain their way of life.
The author notes that “even during periods of high employment levels, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed.” Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The author tells us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task also requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the social studies course we know that structural unemployment is associated with the inability to employ people in certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.
Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand in the labor market (examples are not required in the task, only an explanation of the problem).
Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to turn to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.
Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:
The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.
Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.
Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the question says “facts of social life”).
What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.
Task No. 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types arts: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.
Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer as enshrined in Labor Code RF.
In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer enshrined in the Labor Code:
A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, and society over the interests of the individual. During the elections, the political party received the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.
Now the questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.
Answer: Conservative Party.
Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion.
Answer: Because it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).
Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.
Answer: According to their ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.
You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.
To write a plan for any social science topic, you must clearly understand the structure of studying the topic. Essentially, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, writing a plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the topic material and understanding of its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is “Types of families.”
Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).
When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience.
(Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)
29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice.” (D. Ruskin)
29.2. Economy. “The types of businesses are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)
29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)
29.4. Political science. “The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is the means of securing human rights.” (A. Custine)
29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. He who defends his own right defends the right in general.” (R. Iering)
Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)
When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic relates. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “baggage of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas on, which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.
In this case, we chose a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that a problem immediately arises modern school, education systems. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual.” I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.
What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or fulfill an equally important mission – personal development?
As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of personality development through people’s acquisition of knowledge, acquisition of skills and abilities, development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is school.
When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, operating principles, which include a network of educational institutions and governing bodies.
To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the duration of training, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.
As a result, we see school graduates demonstrating high scores on the Unified State Examination, which gives them the opportunity to take budget places in leading universities in the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the Higher School of Economics, in which 49 countries took part, Russian schoolchildren primary classes ranks top in the world in reading, math and science. And also 8th grade math. According to the researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards, systems of unified state certification.
But only enough educational results for society and people? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component educational process: education of a person’s personality.
Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person and developing his creative abilities - that this problem manifests itself.
In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a richly eventful school life: cool watch, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates around Russia and other countries.
In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, demonstrates his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that it is realized social function education. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.
As an example, we can cite our favorite film from childhood, “Eccentric from 5 B,” which vividly demonstrates how the school community and class shape Bori’s personality. How he learns responsibility when he is assigned as a 1st grade counselor.
Thus, V.V. Putin in his statement once again emphasized the importance of society and school understanding of the inseparability of the two the most important processes related to the socialization of the individual – education and upbringing.”
The Unified State Exam is a mandatory test for obtaining general secondary education and continuing education in secondary and higher education. educational organizations. Compulsory subjects and elective disciplines differ. Social science has been among the latter for several years now. This year it will be written around 400 thousand schoolchildren.
The procedure for conducting, assigning points and announcing the results of the Unified State Exam is regulated in Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
We will consider when they are known Unified State Exam results in social studies 2017 and what are the ways to find them out.
Unified State Exam schedule in social studies 2017 determined the day for passing the discipline on June 5, Monday. June 21 has been set aside as a reserve date, as well as July 1, the day when you can pass any subject.
According to rules for conducting a unified exam, The deadlines for checking completed tasks and announcing the results have a certain time frame:
In total, it takes no more than 14 days to check the results of the Unified State Examination. Considering that the holiday of June 12 falls within this period, the official day of publication of Unified State Exam results in social studies appointed to 22nd of June.
Note that June 22 is latest possible date announcements of results. Statistics show that on average the number of points scored becomes known 2-3 days before the deadline.
Publication of Unified State Exam results takes place on a number of information portals:
In addition, you can find out the results of the exam passed at:
To check the result you will need:
Information is provided to individuals who took the exam, as well as their parents, free of charge.
You can review your work after passing the exam and publishing your results. All scanned works go to the USE participant’s personal account on the official website of the Unified State Exam. From the scans you can understand how the work is evaluated and what mistakes were made.
Often published works and results raise questions and disagreement with the final scores. In this case, it is necessary within 2 days after the announcement of the Unified State Exam results file an appeal with the examination committee.
The commission will re-examine the work and render a verdict:
The Commission is also authorized to accept statements about violations during the Unified State Examination. Such appeals are submitted on the day of the exam. The reason may be:
It is important for schoolchildren to follow the procedure for conducting the Unified Exam:
The Unified State Exam is a serious state-level event, during which participants must strictly follow all regulations.
The Unified Exam is assessed in two point systems:
Initially submitted works are assessed at primary scores. Further on a special scale, which undergoes changes every year and depends on general level preparation of schoolchildren, primary points transferred to test. It is the number of test points that is the final result of the Unified State Exam.
It is important to note that the results are published in primary scores!
In 2017, to pass social studies you need to score minimum 19 primary or 42 test points.
Every spring, an early stage of passing the state exam is held. It involves schoolchildren who will not be able to take part in the main stage. The following are accepted reasons:
Early Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2017 passed April 7 and on a reserve day 12th of April. It was written by 17.5 thousand schoolchildren. The results were published on time, April 18.
Social studies is an elective discipline in the Unified State Examination system. According to the rules, retaking it is possible only next year.
When choosing this subject as an exam, experts recommend soberly assessing your strengths and carefully preparing for passing. About 20% of schoolchildren, having chosen social studies as an additional subject, do not pass the Unified State Exam.
Failure in an exam in this subject does not result in a lack of a certificate, but is often required for admission to universities.
Analysis of Unified State Examination results in social studies
among 11th grade students
Academic performance:%
Quality:%
Completed the examination work: _ people
date conducting the Unified State Exam 06/05/2017
The content of the examination paper reflected the integral nature of the subject. All assignments covered the main sections of the course, basic provisions various areas scientific social science. The objects of testing were: a wide range of subject skills and types of cognitive activity, knowledge about society in the unity of its spheres and basic institutions, social qualities of the individual and the conditions for their formation, the most important economic phenomena and processes, politics, law, social relations, the spiritual life of society.
The trial examination paper consisted of two parts, which differed in content, degree of difficulty and number of tasks. The work consists of 29 tasks: basic level of complexity 12, advanced - 10, high - 7.
Tasks with a short answer (Part 1) - 20 tasks with a choice of answer, to which you had to give a short answer in the form of a word (phrase), number or sequence of numbers, with a detailed answer (Part 2) - 9. These tasks required a full answer ( give an explanation, justification, express and argue your own opinion).
The work lasts 235 minutes.
The content area of the control and measurement materials included five blocks: man and society; economy; social relations; policy; right.
All students coped well with the tasks of part 1, but some tasks caused difficulties for the children; students made mistakes in tasks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 14, 18, 20, which were aimed at the ability to analyze current information about social objects, identifying their common features and differences; establish correspondences between essential features and signs of studied social phenomena and social science terms and concepts.
Successfully completed a set of tasks for working with text 21-23; with attribution of the document, clarification of the essence of the problem described in the source, identification of the author’s positions, identification of examples given in the text, distinctive features, characteristics.
All the tasks in Part 2 caused the greatest difficulty. - to identify causes and properties of social phenomena, processes and tasks 24, 26,27, 28 – in them, students were not able to present their own points of view when revealing the problem, apply the terms and concepts of the social science course, argue their position based on the facts of social life or their own experience.
During the trial exam, students showed the following results:
1. Continue work on preparing 11th grade students for the unified state exam, taking into account the mistakes made by the participants when completing assignments.
2.Teach them to rationally distribute time when doing work.
3. Make wider use of problem-based learning methods, new ones
technologies.
4. Teach children to compare, compare judgments about social phenomena, identify signs, systematize facts, concepts, extract information from a source.
5.Draw students’ attention to completing tasks 24, 26,27, 28 because Many students were unable to present their own point of view when solving the problem, apply the terms and concepts of the social science course, or argue their position based on the facts of social life and personal experience.
6.Pay attention to the tasks from part 1 (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 14, 18, 20) which were aimed at the ability to analyze current information about social objects, identifying their common features and differences; establish correspondences between the essential features and characteristics of the studied social phenomena and social scientific terms and concepts.
Teacher: Bakradze T.V.
