To be completely objective, it should be noted that the tenure of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov as Secretary General of the Soviet Union for less than a year and a half did not leave a big mark on the history of the country, and could not have left it. He got to the helm of the state machine in his declining years, completely ill, and fate simply did not give him a chance to correct or change anything. However, this man was truly interesting; he walked around the world with his head held high, and his illness became a reminder of his difficult youthful attempts to make money unloading barges. Let's figure out together who Andropov is and how his difficult fate turned out.
The figure of General Secretary Yuri Andropov, if we put him on a par with the eight Soviet rulers who successfully succeeded each other for more than seven decades, seems the most incomprehensible and mysterious. History gave him a difficult role and did not give him enough time to unfold. The years of Yuri Vladimirovich's reign were very limited; he had to rule the country for only fifteen months, of which he spent a third in hospitals and clinics.
Modern historians are divided in their assessment of his activities from a historical perspective. Some believe that he would definitely restore order and take the USSR to a completely new qualitative level. Others call him a second Stalin, who if given free rein, the country could be mired in repressions, mass arrests and murders. Let's figure out what this man really lived and breathed.
Interesting
Get to the post Secretary General Andropov, whose years of life were already limited by a real “bouquet” of serious, if not fatal, diseases. He turned to Academician Chazov with a specific question about how long he had left, to which he received the answer that he could still live for five to seven years. Then he took the minimum, five-year plan, and began to lead the country along a completely new path for it. The main goal was to achieve the well-being of the people, and not the fight against world imperialism. He was not understood, he was condemned, and he never received the time allotted by the professor.
Many people call Andropov’s main achievement his fierce fight against corruption, and this is the true truth. He came into conflict with nepotism and resolving issues for gifts and bribes as soon as he assumed the post of head of the KGB, which he was under Brezhnev. His subordinates were promoted salaries, a lot of bribes were provided, but there was no smell of corruption there, this is the truth and it is impossible to refute it. However, while “dear Leonid Ilyich” was at the helm, with his triple kisses, corruption cases did not receive publicity, but when Yuri Vladimirovich himself began to manage, thunder roared even for such famous personalities as the director of the Eliseevsky store, Yuri Sokolov, who, after being caught “on hot" was sentenced to death.
All this affected not only trade or supply workers, party members also suffered a lot. In the capital alone, about a third of management employees were replaced, 34% in Ukraine, and also more than 32% in Kazakhstan. Agriculture, industry and national income have moved sharply upward, but one should not idealize this mysterious man Back in the seventies, he created the so-called “five” of his followers, embedded in different areas government activities, in the manner of a Masonic lodge. Andropov lifted the “iron curtain”, but brought to power people like Ligachev, Shevardnadze, Ryzhkov, with whom he replaced Brezhnev’s outdated cadres, and even promoted Gorbachev, which ultimately led to the collapse and collapse of the country into separate “principalities.”
It’s strange, but researchers call the origins and information about Yuri Vladimirovich’s early childhood scattered and incomprehensible; his origins are covered in a network of secrets and mysteries that hardly anyone will be able to unravel. Already in power, Andropov complained to his attending physician, Professor Chazov, that he was being haunted by investigations into the details of his biography, the secret of his birth and his surname. In fact, the Secretary General had to hide it, so it’s worth delving into the issue. In adulthood, in numerous questionnaires and biographies that had to be filled out, he gave a wide variety of information about himself, which cannot be trusted, due to large quantity mismatches.
Official version
The mother of the future leader of the USSR was called Evgenia (Genya), and her surname was “purely Russian” (German, Jewish?) - Fleckenstein, she was a music teacher. She came from Jewish burghers, but she herself said that in infancy she was thrown into their house and good people They raised the orphan as their own child, gave him a last name and arranged a future. She married the Don Cossack Vladimir Konstantinovich Andropov.
However, at the age of sixteen it is difficult to choose the “right” person and this marriage fell apart, and soon after the birth of her first child she married again, to Viktor Alekseevich Fedorov. In 1919, the woman died during a typhus epidemic, and ten years later, the father also died.
How it really was
There are many inconsistencies and inconsistencies in the official version that are difficult to ignore. In addition, it was changed and rewritten so often that it is not possible to find out which of the options is true. More “research” in this regard was carried out by party investigator Kapustina, who for a long time was involved in the matter of the origin of the secretary of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol, which he was at that time. What did this meticulous and persistent woman manage to find out? The girl Genya was indeed taken into the house of the Jews Fleckenstein, but her origins are not known for certain. There is a version that sixteen-year-old Evgenia suffered from her own benefactor, which is why she was kicked out of the house by the wife of the above-mentioned man.
With a small child in her arms, and Yura was born on June 2 (15), 1914, Genya moved first to Moscow from the village of Nagutskaya, Stavropol province, and then to Tver, where she married Vladimir Andropov (Andropulo), who gave the name to her and her baby Yurochka. Since childhood, the boy grew up savvy, smart and punchy, adored Mayakovsky, and also wrote poetry himself, which could also have brought him fame if he had taken up creativity in earnest. But the guy had other ideas, and for some reason at school they called him Grigory. To this day it remains unclear why he hid this and why he changed his name.
After completing the standard seven-year school, he did not stop and went to the Rybinsk River School named after V.I. Kalashnikov, where he received his first qualification - a fishing boat technician. In 1930 he became a member of the Komsomol, and in 1936, after graduating from college, he began working at a shipyard, but he didn’t last long, he “followed the party line”, became the head of the Komsomol cell of the shipyard, and was removed from the military register in the same year due to diabetes and enormous vision problems. By the thirty-seventh, he was appointed secretary of the city committee of the Komsomol of Rybinsk, and a year later, first secretary of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol, which gave him the opportunity to live in a nomenklatura house until the fortieth year.
Andropov's reign began when the years of his life came to an end, and his health was completely undermined. However, the ascent was preceded by a long and difficult path to the top, which cannot be kept silent about. It was a difficult period, when the most painful issue for Yuri Vladimirovich was proper organization own labor and ensuring error-free and systematic operation of the KGB flywheel. But let's not get ahead of ourselves.
At the conclusion of the peace treaty of the fortieth year, the Karelo-Finnish Republic became part of the Soviet Union and it was there that Yuri Vladimirovich was sent to lead Komsomol work. However, by that time he was already married and had two children, whom he successfully left at home in Yaroslavl, and “forgot” there, and subsequently divorced and recalled this period of his life very reluctantly. By mid-summer, he became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
No matter what Andropov said later, during the Great Patriotic War, he sat in the rear, not bothering to sort out his personal life. In Karelia, he married a second time and in the fall of '41 he had a baby. At the same time, the first wife tirelessly wrote letters begging for help, and his colleagues had to force Yuri to help their own children. At the same time, complaining about his health and problems, Andropov never asked to go to the front or join the partisans, this is a fact.
In 1944, Andropov was appointed second secretary of the Petrozavodsk City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and three years later he already occupied a seat in the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the KFSSR. After the end of the war, the “Leningrad Case” was opened regarding the work of underground workers, who were not only prohibited from rewarding, but were also openly persecuted, but Yuri Vladimirovich himself disowned any connections with them. Moreover, he also received two orders for participation in the partisan movement, in which, according to his own words, he did not take any part. Paradoxes Soviet power continued.
By the beginning of the fifties, Andropov, under the patronage of his former Finnish and Karelian teacher and mentor, and in addition, good friend Otto Kuusinen was transferred to Moscow, where he first worked for the CPSU Central Committee, and then moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after which he went as ambassador to Hungary in 1953. Later he became head of the department for relations with communists different countries, and from May 1967 until the death of “dear Leonid Ilyich” he was Chairman of the Committee state security USSR (KGB).
After Brezhnev's death, despite the politically difficult transition from the KGB-ist to the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, it was completed and already in November 1982 he was elected general secretary, and in fact the head of state. By that time the man had already turned sixty-eight, he was old, sick, but determined to do at least something to arrange life for people in the USSR. His aspirations were indeed high, and his ideas were bright; it would be stupid to argue with this, but there was only one year and three months left ahead, a third of which he spent in a hospital bed.
Andropov immediately set about improving the economic condition of the country, first reducing the apparatus of the Central Committee, then introducing worse disciplinary control. At the height of the working day, raids appeared on cafes, parks and cinemas. Lacking workers were caught, fired, and given fines and other penalties. A real war was declared on unearned income and the corruption component, and high-profile cases of famous personalities frightened mere mortals to the point of stupor. In fifteen months, which was the length of Andropov's reign, eighteen different ministers were purged and replaced. By the beginning of the eighty-third year, Yuri Vladimirovich ordered Ryzhkov and Gorbachev to develop economic reform, which was no longer destined to be brought to life.
Like his origin, the family and personal life of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov is covered with a dense and impenetrable veil of secrecy and the mystery is aggravated by the fact that all eyewitnesses of the events refuse to talk about it in one way or another. Some have already died, some have no time for such trifles, and some openly ignore questions of this kind. Let's find out what we can find out to clarify the situation as much as possible.
Yuri Vladimirovich entered into his first marriage in 1935, and Nina Ivanovna Engalycheva became his bride and wife. Family life could not be called happy, and the woman turned out to be quite quarrelsome, poorly educated, and, on top of everything, scandalous, which is why Andropov later did not like to talk about her. But she gave birth to two children, with whom dad also chose not to communicate.
When Andropov was transferred to Karelia from Yaroslavl, Ninochka completely refused to go with two children in her arms, after which the couple divorced. The second time, Yuri Vladimirovich more carefully selected a candidate for the role of his wife and settled on Tanya Lebedeva, whose beauty, openness of character, utmost honesty and integrity were known to everyone. She also gave birth to her husband and two children.
The children from his second marriage were interested in art, which Andropov himself considered a frivolous activity, although he himself loved music and even wrote good poetry. However, they were not accepted into the theater school, for which Andropov was grateful to its director until the end of his life.
In the second half of the summer of eighty-three, the health of the Secretary General, already far from ideal, began to rapidly deteriorate. He worked mainly in country house, and when Helmut Kohl arrived, the guards had to take him out of the car in order to take him to his office in the Kremlin. In September, he held his last meeting, after which he went on vacation to the South Coast, after which he caught a cold and, in addition to all the “charms,” also developed phlegmon. A successful operation was carried out, but the weak body was never able to fully recover. On February 9, 1984, he died around five in the evening, according to the official version due to kidney failure. This fact was questioned by Alexander Korzhakov, the former head of the security service.
After six days, which were allocated to say goodbye to the body of the deceased, a funeral was held. He was buried in Moscow near the Kremlin wall, which has already become a good tradition of the leaders of the USSR. His funeral was attended by such prominent political figures as Margaret Thatcher and George Bush Sr. And in his place Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was already walking, climbing and crawling, promising to continue his work, to whom the authorities also reached too late, but this is a completely different story.
Many streets and squares were named in honor of Andropov, and one of the capital’s avenues still bears the name of Yuri Vladimirovich. There is a motor ship "Andropov", orders and medals in his honor. About this strange and mysterious man filmed a lot documentaries and even his image was used in feature films. In addition, collections of Andropov’s speeches were published in a separate publication, but his poems are not in the public domain to this day, although it would be worth making them public.
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov
Years of life: June 2 (15), 1914 - February 9, 1984
Years of reign: 1982-1984
Soviet state and political figure, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1982-1984), Chairman of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR (1983-1984), Chairman of the KGB of the USSR (1967-1982).
Yuri's father, Vladimir Konstantinovich Andropov, a railway engineer, had higher education, graduated from the Kharkov Institute of Railway Transport. He died of typhus in 1919. Andropov's mother, music teacher Evgenia Karlovna Fleckenstein, daughter of natives of Finland - watch and jewelry dealer Karl Frantsevich Fleckenstein and Evdokia Mikhailovna Fleckenstein.
After graduating from the seven-year school, Yuri Andropov worked at the Mozdok station as an assistant projectionist at the railway club, and as a telegraph worker. Since 1931, he worked as a river fleet sailor on ships of the Volga Shipping Company.
In 1934 - 1936 studied at the Rybinsk Technical School water transport, and after graduation he worked at the Rybinsk shipyard. In 1935 he married Nina Ivanovna Engalycheva.
In 1936, Yu.V. Andropov graduated from the Technical School of Water Transport in the city. 
Rybinsk Yaroslavl region. He was elected secretary of the Komsomol organization of the technical school. Then Yuri Vladimirovich was promoted to the position of Komsomol organizer of the Rybinsk Shipyard. Volodarsky. Appointed head of the department of the city committee of the Komsomol of Rybinsk, then head of the department of the regional committee of the Komsomol of the Yaroslavl region. Already in 1937 he was elected secretary of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol. In 1938, he was elected 1st Secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the Komsomol.
In 1939 Andropov joined the CPSU(b). In 1938-1940 he headed the regional Komsomol organization in Yaroslavl, and then was appointed head of the Komsomol in the newly formed Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).
In 1940 he divorced his first wife. He married Tatyana Filippovna Lebedeva.
During the Great Patriotic War Yuri Vladimirovich carried out work on organizing partisan detachments, underground district committees and groups. In 1944 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
On September 3, 1944 he was approved as the 2nd Secretary of the Petrozavodsk City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, on January 10, 1947 - as the Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Karelia. He graduated from the Higher Party School under the CPSU Central Committee, and in 1946-1951. studied in absentia at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Karelo-Finnish State University.
In 1951, Andropov was transferred to the apparatus of the CPSU Central Committee, and in 1953 - to the USSR Foreign Ministry. From 1954 to 1957 he was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the Hungarian People's Republic. In 1956, Yuri Andropov insisted on the entry of Soviet troops into Hungary and played an active role in suppressing the uprising against the communist regime in Hungary.
In 1957, Yuri Vladimirovich was promoted to the position of head of the department of the CPSU Central Committee. From 1962 to 1967 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR. Since May 1967 - Chairman of the KGB of the USSR.
In August 1968, he influenced the decision to send troops of the Warsaw Pact countries to Czechoslovakia. At the end of 1979, Andropov supported the proposal for a Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and in 1980 he insisted on military action in Poland.
In 1974 Andropov became a Hero Socialist Labor, and in 1976 he was awarded the rank of “Army General”.
In 1979, after the Munich events, Yuri Vladimirovich took the initiative to create a unit to combat terrorism, which later became known as “Alpha”.
In May 1982, Andropov was again elected secretary of the Central Committee (from May 24 to November 12, 1982) and left the leadership of the KGB. Even then, many took this as the appointment of a successor
In November 1982, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov was elected Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU.
Over the 15 years of his leadership, the state security agencies significantly expanded their control over all spheres of life of the state and society. Under Yuri Andropov, trials were held against human rights activists, various methods suppression of dissent, and were often practiced various shapes extrajudicial persecution (forced treatment in psychiatric hospitals). Dissidents were expelled and deprived of citizenship (writer A.I. Solzhenitsyn, academician A.D. Sakharov).
Yuri Andropov was a supporter of the most decisive measures in relation to those countries of the socialist camp that sought to pursue an independent policy.
Under him, secret operations were carried out to transfer large sums of foreign currency communist parties and public associations that supported the USSR.
In the first months of his reign, Andropov proclaimed a course aimed at socio-economic transformations. But all the changes boiled down to administrative measures, strengthening labor discipline, and exposing corruption in the inner circle of the ruling elite. During his reign, in some cities of the USSR, law enforcement agencies began to use very harsh measures (raids were organized to identify truants among workers and schoolchildren). At the beginning of 1983, prices for many goods were increased, but the price of vodka was reduced.
Under Andropov, mass production of licensed gramophone records of popular Western genres (rock, disco, synth-pop), previously prohibited, began in order to stop speculation in gramophone records and magnetic recordings.
Political and economic system under Andropov remained unshakable. In foreign policy Confrontation with the West intensified.
At the same time, Yuri Andropov sought to strengthen his personal power. Since June 1983, he has combined the post of general secretary of the party with the post of head of state - chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. But he remained in the top post for a little more than 1 year.
Andropov died 15 months after coming to power, without having time to accomplish anything. Already in February 1983, there was a sharp deterioration in health. The development of renal failure led to complete kidney failure due to many years of gout. From now on, he could not live without an artificial kidney apparatus. Andropov died on February 9, 1984. He was succeeded by
Buried Andropov on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall. Margaret Thatcher and Bush Sr. flew to the funeral ceremony for Yuri Andropov.
Many human rights activists are inclined to unequivocally negatively assess the figure of Soviet leader Yuri Andropov for his extermination of dissidents.
However, it is known that this same person actively supported the Lyubimov and Efremov theaters and supported the publication of Solzhenitsyn’s sensational story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” in Novy Mir. It was Andropov who found the opportunity to help or soften the blow of the party apparatus in relation to such figures as Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Mikhail Bakhtin, Vladimir Vysotsky and many others.
Andropov's contemporaries testify that he was an intelligent, creative person, not without self-irony. Unlike Brezhnev, he was indifferent to flattery and luxury, and did not tolerate bribery and embezzlement. In Petrozavodsk, under the pseudonym Yuri Vladimirov, he published his poetry collection. Those who knew Yuri Andropov well called him “the romantic from Lubyanka.”
Yuri Vladimirovich was married twice:
First wife since 1935, Nina Ivanovna Engalycheva (b. 1915, daughter of the manager of a State Bank branch), children Evgenia and Vladimir (Andropov preferred to hide the pages of life of this period, most likely due to the fact that his son was convicted twice).
Second wife Tatyana Filippovna Lebedeva, in his second marriage Andropov has 2 children - Igor and Irina. Son Igor in 1984-1986 was the USSR Ambassador to Greece, then the USSR Ambassador on Special Assignments, and was married to actress Lyudmila Chursina. Irina Yuryevna Andropova was married to Mikhail Filippov, an actor at the Mayakovsky Theater.
The city, streets, and avenues are named after Andropov.
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Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov born on June 15, 1914 at the Nagutskaya station in the Stavropol province in the family of the railway superintendent Vladimir Andropov. In 1919, when Yuri was five years old, his father dies and he continues to be raised by his mother Evgenia Fleckenstein (in some sources - Fainstein). In 1921, Andropov's mother marries an assistant driver, who becomes Yuri's stepfather.
Before entering a technical school, and later at Petrozavodsk University, Andropov worked in many professions: he was a telegraph operator, turned a film projector in cinemas, and even was a boatman in Rybinsk (this Volga city was later renamed Andropov, but in 1989 he the original name was returned).
After graduating from the university, Yuri Andropov was sent to Yaroslavl, where in 1938 he headed the local Komsomol organization. In 1939 he joined the CPSU. The active work that the young worker developed along the party line was noted by senior “comrades-in-arms” in the party and was appreciated: already in 1940, Andropov was appointed head of the Komsomol in the newly created Karelo-Finnish SSR. After the Great Patriotic War, Andropov worked as the second secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the Karelo-Finnish SSR (1947-1951).
The starting point of Andropov's brilliant government career was his transfer to Moscow in 1951, where he was recommended to the Secretariat of the Central Committee. In those years, the Secretariat was a training ground for future major party workers. Then he was noticed by the main party ideologist, the future “gray cardinal” Mikhail Suslov.
From July 1954 to March 1957 Andropov was USSR Ambassador to Hungary and played one of the key roles during the suppression of the Hungarian uprising of 1956 and the establishment of the pro-Soviet regime.
Upon returning from Hungary, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov began to move up the party hierarchy very successfully and dynamically. At the XXI Congress of the CPSU (1961) he was elected a member of the Central Committee (1961–1984), followed by appointment as Secretary of the Central Committee (1962–1967).
Already in 1967 he was appointed head of the KGB(Chairman of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR) to replace V. E. Semichastny. Andropov's policy as head of the KGB was, naturally, in tune with the political regime of that time. In particular, it was Andropov’s department that implemented persecution of dissidents, among which were such famous personalities, like Brodsky, Solzhenitsyn, Vishnevskaya, Rostropovich and others. They were deprived of Soviet citizenship and expelled from the country. But in addition to political persecution, the KGB during Andropov’s leadership also dealt with its direct responsibilities - it was not bad ensured the state security of the USSR.
Yuri Andropov was already elected as head of the KGB member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee(1973–1984). When at the end of 1982 the imminent death of L. I. Brezhnev became obvious, Andropov turned out to be the most realistic successor to Brezhnev in office General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. This is what happened on November 12, 1982, a few days after Brezhnev’s death: Andropov was elected General Secretary at the Plenum of the Central Committee. Earlier, in May 1982, he left the post of KGB chairman. To consolidate his power, Andropov needed a position Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, to which he was elected on June 16, 1983.
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, as head of state, intended to carry out a number of reforms, but poor health did not allow him to put his plans into practice. Already in the fall of 1983, he was transported to the hospital, where he remained constantly until his death on February 9, 1984. Yu. V. Andropov was buried with honors at the Kremlin wall.
Andropov was formally in power for 15 months. He really wanted to reform the Soviet Union, trying to overcome the looming socio-economic crisis, but did not have time to complete what he started. And the population remembers Andropov’s reign tightening disciplinary liability at workplaces and mass checks of documents during the day to find out why a person is in work time is not at the workplace, but walks along the street or visits cinemas, shops or pubs.
At the same time, Andropov was an active fighter against the numerous privileges enjoyed by employees of the party and state apparatus; he led by example by refusing a significant portion of them. This is partly why among a significant part of citizens the short “era of Andropov” evoked support and sympathy, which can also be explained by nostalgia for the strong “ iron hand" After the death of Yu. V. Andropov was criticized less than other leaders of the Soviet state in the media, his policies more often than others aroused support in the public consciousness.
Yuri Vladimirovich was born on June 15, 1914 in Moscow. His mother, Genya Fleckenstein, was the daughter of a wealthy Jewish family that owned a large jewelry store. In their luxurious mansion, the future Secretary General of the USSR was born, who at birth had a completely different name - Grigory Valvovich Lieberman.
Until 1917, his mother worked as a music teacher at a prestigious girls’ gymnasium. But due to the changed situation in the country, she was forced to move with her son to Stavropol region. She started life with clean slate, having married railway worker Vladimir Andropov.
Realizing that such a biography would not be suitable for enrollment in the Rybinsk River Technical School, the 18-year-old young man changed it somewhat, leaving nothing of his Jewish bourgeois roots.
After graduating from the technical school in 1936, Andropov remained to work there as secretary of the Komsomol. He quickly realized that his only opportunity to become a “people person” was to make a brilliant career as a Komsomol leader. A year later he was transferred as a Komsomol organizer to the Rybinsk shipyard, and then to the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol.
Having established himself well in Yaroslavl, the zealous Komsomol organizer was able to attract the attention of the capital’s leadership. He received a very important task - to form a Komsomol youth union in the young Karelo-Finnish Republic. Andropov lived in his new place for about ten years, never once taking part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War.
The biography of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov developed very successfully. In the early 50s he was transferred to Moscow and was soon sent as ambassador to Hungary. When the population tried to break out of the socialist camp, it was Andropov who quickly reacted, demanding that they be brought into Budapest Soviet troops to quell the rebellion.
In 1967, Yuri Vladimirovich headed the State Security Committee. He worked in this position for 15 years - much longer than any of his other colleagues.
It was under his leadership that the KGB gained enormous influence in the Soviet Union. The Fifth Directorate was created, whose tasks included control of the Soviet intelligentsia and the prevention of dissidence. Not a single important event in the life of the country took place without KGB inspection.
But at the same time, in this post, Andropov declared himself as a zealous fighter against corruption, the creator of the anti-terrorist special forces “Alpha” and “Vympel”.
In 1982, after the death of Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov was appointed to the post of Secretary General of the USSR. In his new position, he with great zeal began to fight against parasites and truants, improving labor discipline in the country. Andropov launched a large-scale campaign to combat speculators and the sale of alcohol. The number of criminals caught and convicted has increased. The public reacted favorably to Andropov's “firm hand” policy.
However, the new Secretary General failed to strengthen the position of the USSR on the world political stage. The situation was complicated by tense relations with the United States and the war in Afghanistan.
Yuri Vladimirovich was married twice. His first wife was Nina Engalycheva, who gave him two children. But when she and her husband refused to go to Karelia, this union fell apart. Subsequently, Andropov did not maintain any relationship with the children.
The second wife, Tatyana Lebedeva, also gave birth to two children to the future General Secretary, and they were known to the public.
IN last years During his life, Yuri Vladimirovich’s health noticeably deteriorated. He was often sick for a long time, and at times could not even get out of bed. A severe cold brought down the weakened General Secretary, who died on February 9, 1984.
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov is a famous Soviet statesman and political figure who led the country from 1982 to 1984, and before that made a name for himself during his many years as Chairman of the State Security Committee. The biography of Yuri Andropov is one of the most confusing among all members of the Politburo. According to official data, he was born in 1914 into the family of railway worker Vladimir Andropov and his wife Evgenia Karlovna Fleckenstein, a music teacher at a girls’ gymnasium.
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov | In the country
In his short biography Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich wrote that my mother was a foster child in the house of rich Jews and received her surname from them. Also, the future general secretary claimed that he and his mother moved to the city of Mozdok after the death of his father from typhus. However, according to other people who knew Andropov’s family closely, he was born a year later, and his mother divorced her husband literally a month after the birth of her son and left for the Tver region. In fact, she got married solely for the sake of changing her last name, fearing the increasing frequency of Jewish pogroms.
Little Yura Andropov in 1917 | USSR time By the way, there is a lot of documentary evidence that Evgenia Karlovna was the real daughter of a wealthy Moscow jeweler, Karl Frantsevich Fleckenstein. Later, Yuri Vladimirovich’s mother remarried, so the boy was raised by his stepfather. But in any case, Yuri Andropov real name, which was included in his birth certificate. Yuri studied well at school at the railway factory in the town of Mozdok, which is located in North Ossetia. Then there were the Rybinsk River Technical School and the correspondence Higher Party School under the CPSU Central Committee.
First Secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the Komsomol | Historical truth Yuri Andropov briefly studied at the university at the Faculty of History and Philology, but he had to quit classes due to moving to Moscow. Labor activity the future head of the KGB started out as a simple telegraph worker, then was an assistant projectionist, a Komsomol organizer at the Rybinsk shipyard, and in just two years he went a long way to the first secretary of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol organization.
Having shown himself in Yaroslavl as the head of the local Komsomol cell, Yuri Vladimirovich attracted the attention of the Moscow leadership. It was he who was entrusted with the responsible work of organizing the Komsomol Youth Union in the newly formed Karelo-Finnish Republic after the Soviet-Finnish War. Andropov spent about ten years in this territory, was awarded orders for excellent work, but he did not take part in hostilities during the Great Patriotic War.
Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in the Korelo-Finnish SSR | Chekist The career of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov developed brilliantly. In the early 50s, he was transferred to Moscow to the position of inspector of the Central Committee, and soon he was sent as the Soviet ambassador to Hungary. It was Andropov who sent an urgent telegram to the capital of the USSR demanding that troops be sent to Budapest, as the local population attempted to break out of the socialist camp. In November 1956, an impressive number of tanks crossed the Soviet-Hungarian border and the rebellion was crushed.
In the spring of 1967, the State Security Committee received a new chairman. The KGB was headed by Yuri Andropov. Yuri Vladimirovich remained in this position for 15 years, longer than any other colleague in Soviet time. It was under him that the KGB began to have enormous influence in the country. Andropov created the so-called Fifth Directorate, which controlled the intelligentsia and prevented any dissent. In fact, without the approval of the State Security Committee, not a single important appointment could take place in all spheres - from the ministry to industry, from art to sports.
Chairman of the State Security Committee | TVNZ The advantages of Andropov’s work include a tough fight against corruption. Yuri Vladimirovich’s subordinates had huge salaries for those times, but if he found out about bribery, the consequences immediately fell on the culprit. Also, under his leadership, special detachments “Alpha” and “Vympel” were created, whose task was to destroy terrorists and free hostages. The main disadvantage of the work of the head of the KGB is called the unleashing Afghan war, for which the public blamed Defense Minister Dmitry Ustinov and KGB Chairman Andropov.
After his death in 1982, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov was appointed General Secretary. First of all, he began to impose labor discipline. For example, during daytime screenings in cinemas, police raids were carried out to identify parasites and truants. Trials against associates and relatives of the previous ruler also became more frequent, and the number of people convicted of criminal offenses increased. A large-scale anti-alcohol campaign and the fight against speculators began. The population gladly supported the initiative of the Secretary General. After the period of Brezhnev's stagnation, residents rejoiced at the “firm hand.”
General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee | USSR time But in foreign policy, Andropov failed to achieve significant success. The war in Afghanistan and difficult relations with the United States did not allow changing the current state of affairs and reducing the mistrust of foreigners in Soviet Union. However, although Yuri Vladimirovich served as Secretary General for only a little over a year, he managed to be remembered by both Soviet citizens and heads of foreign states.
In the personal life of Yuri Andropov, his wife first appeared in 1935, when he was still living in Yaroslavl. He met Nina Engalycheva while studying at a technical school. The girl was the daughter of the manager of the Cherepovets branch of the State Bank, and many attribute the rapid career growth of Yuri Andropov in the Komsomol organization to the first father-in-law. The couple had two children, a son, Vladimir, and a daughter, Evgenia, that is, both received names in honor of Andropov’s parents.
Evgenia and Vladimir, Andropov’s children from his first marriage | Companion When Yuri Vladimirovich was transferred from Yaroslavl to Karelia, his wife refused to go with him, and as a result the marriage was destroyed. With the first family statesman did not support the relationship, since the son of Yuri Andropov was related to criminal elements, was convicted twice, and this, even without meeting with him, spoiled the impression of the impeccability of the head of the KGB. Andropov did not even come to the hospital or to the funeral of his son, who passed away at the age of 35.
With his wife Tatyana Lebedeva and children | Express newspaper online In Petrozavodsk, Yuri Vladimirovich met his second wife, Tatyana Lebedeva. She also gave her husband a son and a daughter. These children of Yuri Andropov are better known to the public: son Igor became a diplomat, and daughter Irina was the first wife of actor Mikhail Filippov, who later became her husband. There is a rumor that after the Hungarian uprising, Tatyana Lebedeva began to be afraid of large crowds of people, so she practically did not leave the room.
In recent years, the Secretary General's health has deteriorated greatly. He spent most of his time in a country house, often could not get out of bed, and doctors urged him to take care, since the elderly man’s immune system was very depleted. Andropov “held” some Politburo meetings in the hospital ward. In the fall of 1983, Yuri Vladimirovich went to a sanatorium in Crimea, but he caught a cold there, and as a result he developed purulent inflammation of the tissue. An urgent operation was required, which was successful, but postoperative suture did not heal.
Funeral of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov | TVNZ Due to weakness, the body stopped fighting. The death of Yuri Andropov occurred on February 9, 1984, actually due to kidney failure, but in general due to many years of illness. Yuri Vladimirovich was buried near the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow, and the heads of most world states, including English Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the American President Sr., came specially to the funeral ceremony.
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