Grapes have long been known for their healing properties. People not only eat it, but also cook it medications, cosmetics and excellent drinks. For commercial purposes, growing this crop is quite a profitable business, but receiving the first tangible income is preceded by painstaking and hard work. Today we will talk in more detail about how to grow grapes.
The vineyard is always located in a warm and sunny place. Optimal soil for him - light sandy. Between the rows they usually leave 2-3 m, and between the bushes at least 1.5 m. The rows need to be positioned so that they are illuminated as much as possible, preferably from east to west.
A special technology is used already at the stage of planting the plant on permanent place. The holes are dug using a pigeon, at least 80 cm. It is desirable that the width and length be the same. Humus and sand are poured into the bottom, then black soil and wood ash are added. The hole turns out to be half filled. The seedling is placed in it at an angle of 45 degrees and again covered with humus, earth and ash. At the end of planting, the bush is watered abundantly.
Extremely important for culture correct pruning. There are many tutorials on correct formation bushes They need to be studied, but in practice, even a thorough study of the theory does not guarantee a novice gardener from making mistakes. Annual timely pruning will provide irreplaceable practical experience which will ensure financial success.
For the winter, most grape varieties require shelter or wrapping. Reliable protection from frost will ensure the formation more fruit ovaries.
There are several ways to propagate this plant. They are chosen depending on the variety, region of growth and the preferences of the entrepreneur.
Not many people know how to grow grapes from seed. This method is rarely used because it takes a long time for the plant to reach seedling size. The seedlings are very weak and whimsical. The slightest mistake in care can lead to the death of the plant. In addition, the berry seed does not always take on the properties of an adult plant. The result may be a result that the entrepreneur did not expect at all.
The most proven and therefore popular method is growing grapes from cuttings. In the fall, during pruning, a healthy vine is selected, the diameter of which is 8-12 mm and cut into pieces about 60 cm long. The cutting must contain at least 5 buds. It is cut at the bottom at an angle, the sections are wrapped in paraffin or wax. Store in a plastic bag planting material, in a cool place, until February. Storage temperature should not exceed 5 degrees above zero.
What follows is a long and painstaking process of rooting the cuttings. You can read about its features on specialized viticulture resources. There, experienced specialists give advice on growing grapes from chibouks.
There are grape varieties for amateur cultivation and for commercial cultivation. Best suited for business:
After mastering the agricultural technology of growing grapes, you can take up an equally exciting activity - winemaking. Homemade quality wine can bring an entrepreneur no less income than selling a fresh product. When cultivating grapes, you need to remember that it responds to painstaking and hard work with gratitude, in the form good harvests, bringing considerable income to the entrepreneur.
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Before starting a business related to growing grapes, you need to decide everything organizational issues. First you must determine the form of the activity. Naturally, if this happens a small amount of vineyards, then it is advisable to register an individual entrepreneur. After you complete this stage, you can start searching land plot, on which you plan to grow grapes. As soon as the plot of land is ready for planting, you should begin purchasing the most suitable grape options for the business and the special fertilizers and equipment that are needed in this process.
When planting about 10 thousand grape bushes, literally in 4 years you can get a full-fledged harvest, which will subsequently be sold on the market. On average, about 100 kg of ripe grapes are harvested from 1 bush. If you take 10 thousand bushes, the harvest can be approximately 100 tons, and in some cases even more. When selling given quantity The profitability of the harvested grapes in 4 years will be about 2 million rubles, which will completely recoup all expenses.
Starting a grape growing business is not possible without initial capital, which should be about 50-60 thousand rubles. These funds will be enough to equip the land plot, purchase all the seedlings and fertilizers. It is also additionally necessary to calculate the cost of renting a land plot, which will require an additional approximately 10 thousand rubles.
If you are faced with a business of growing grapes not on an open plot of land, but in a greenhouse, then first of all you should take care of purchasing good greenhouses. In addition, for this type of activity you must have the following equipment, including devices for lighting and heating, as well as a special system that provides drip irrigation for the vineyards.
The business of growing grape crops involves the use of OKVED code 01.13.1, which provides not only the growing process, but also the possibility of further wine production.
To open a business related to cultivation different varieties grapes in greenhouses, you need to prepare documents:
Among various tax systems for this type of grape growing activity, you should choose a single agricultural tax, which provides for payment of 6% to the state.
To start this type of activity, you do not need to obtain licenses or certificates.
My parents had an old garden in the village around their house on several acres. He was of little use; he simply took up space. “What if you remove the garden and instead plant a vineyard for your business on village? Having studied the theory, I began to practice. Having gone through a series of mistakes, I now have a small young vineyard of 100 bushes in my village. Growing grapes can be a good additional income for rural residents.
It is better to select the sunniest and warmest place on your site for the vineyard. You cannot plant bushes in the spaces between the rows of the garden, near tall trees. Grapes love the sun, and its shading negatively affects its growth and fruiting. Loves light sandy soils.
If your vineyard is limited to one row, it is better to position it from east to west, with the entire plane facing the sun. I came across information that the direction of the rows does not greatly affect the growth and development of grapes. I still made the row spacing located from east to west a little wider (for less shading of one row by another). Row spacing is left 2-3m wide. Between the bushes in a row for varieties of medium growth, at least 1.5-2 m should be left, for vigorous-growing varieties - from 2 m.
Over the summer I dug 100 holes for a vineyard, measuring 80cm*80cm*80cm. I consider these dimensions of planting holes to be optimal. When we dig a hole for grapes, the top fertile layer we throw it on one pile (the first 1-2 bayonets), the bottom one (clay, etc.) on another. You can simply plant seedlings under a drill, but then it will not be possible to charge the root zone with fertile substrate.
I remember this hard work. The ground was like asphalt, you had to water it with water, and then you could only dig. Every day after work, 2-3 warm-up pits. Today we remember with a smile how throughout the summer I said that I was digging a fishpond in the village. 2-3 weeks before planting, the preparation of the pits must be completed. Water well so that the soil settles a little.
At the bottom of the hole I poured 2 buckets of humus + 1 bucket of sand (water drainage and soil baking powder) + 2 buckets of soil and 1 liter. wood ash (source of trace elements). I mixed everything with a shovel and filled in 2 buckets of water. So filled the hole halfway. A layer was poured on top fertile land(10cm). The grapes were planted at an angle of 45º to the trellis. The seedling was sprinkled with a layer of clean soil and pulled up a little to give the roots the correct direction. To the very top - humus, sand, earth, ash and filled with water (1-2 buckets).
A trellis on the site is needed to support the grape bush. For my bushes I used vertical acacia trellises up to 3 m long. I removed the bark from the acacia and treated the surface blowtorch. The lower part (the one that will be in the ground) was treated with hot resin, and the rest was painted with white paint. You can apply black marks on the paint like birch.
A hole in the soil for the trellis (depth 0.8-1 m) was made with a hand drill. The distance between the posts is 3-4 m. The distance between the wires is 40 cm.
The best grape varieties for the market are Arcadia, Laura (Flora), Kishmish radiant, Kodryanka, Nadezhda AZOS, Libya, Jubilee of Novocherkassk. It was these varieties that I focused on when planning my business in the village. Do not buy new (untested) or very expensive grape varieties, I was burned by this at one time. I prefer seedlings with a closed root system.
Arcadia. Ripening period is 115-120 days. The growth force is great (make the distance between bushes at least 2 m). The berry is white, the taste is harmonious.
The bunch is large 500-700g, individual ones reach 2 kg. Arcadia tries to stretch out the entire harvest, reacting to overload with a delay in ripening. The load on the bush is 35-45 eyes. Pruning fruit vines with 8-12 eyes. Frost resistance -21.
“If I were starting my own business in grapes now, I would plant only Arcadia” - these are the words of one experienced winegrower.
Market saturation with this variety
Arcadia ranks first among the best grape varieties for the market. Laura (Flora)
“If I were starting my own business in grapes now, I would plant only Arcadia” - these are the words of one experienced winegrower.
Laura is the second best grape variety for business.
Kishmish radiata(seedless). Ripening period is 125-130 days. The berries are golden-pink and rose-red in color. The pulp is dense. The taste is harmonious, with a light muscat tone and aroma. A bunch weighing 200 - 600 g or more. Transportability is good. Frost resistance -21. Trimming for 6-8 eyes.
“If I were starting my own business in grapes now, I would plant only Arcadia” - these are the words of one experienced winegrower.
An honorable third place among the best grape varieties for sale is occupied by Kishmish radiata.
Codrianca. Ripening period is 110-118 days. Large bunch 400-600 g, individual ones up to 1.5 kg. The berry is dark purple. Frost resistance -22.
“If I were starting my own business in grapes now, I would plant only Arcadia” - these are the words of one experienced winegrower.
Codryanka is the fourth best grape variety for home income.
Nadezhda AZOS. Ripening period is 120-135 days. The growth force is great. The berry is red-violet and has a simple taste. Large bunch 500-800g. The load on the bush is 30-40 eyes. Pruning fruit vines with 8-12 eyes. Frost resistance -21.
“If I were starting my own business in grapes now, I would plant only Arcadia” - these are the words of one experienced winegrower.
Nadezhda Azos ranks fifth in the list of the best grape varieties for the market.
Libya. Very early ripening grapes (105 – 110 days). The bunch is large, 25 cm long. The color of the berries is pink. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, with a nutmeg aroma and high sugar accumulation. The peel is not felt when eating. Frost resistance up to – 21. In my opinion, one of the best grape varieties for starting your own business.
Libya is the sixth best grape variety.
Anniversary of Novocherkassk. Early deadline maturation. Productivity is high. The berry is elongated-oval, soft pink, with a harmonious taste. The growth force of the bush is great. -23.
Frost resistance
Grapes are a heat-loving plant. If we talk about the territory of Russia, the most suitable area for its cultivation is the North Caucasus. Frost – main enemy grapes, especially in early autumn or late spring.
Grow grapes in open ground in the zone, north Rostov region, impossible.
Therefore, the most acceptable option would be to grow grapes in greenhouses.
Choosing a greenhouse
The most popular greenhouse is the arched one. If you plan to grow grapes year-round, you will need a room on a foundation. Used as a frame metal pipes, ready-made frames or profiles. Polycarbonate is used for filling. For ventilation and maintenance of the greenhouse, it is necessary to ensure the presence of doors. It is also worth installing a drain to avoid getting the base wet.
Today there are a lot of enterprises engaged in the production of industrial and country greenhouses. average price greenhouses 20 meters long, 5 meters wide and about 3 meters high is about 150 thousand rubles. If you decide to make a greenhouse yourself, you can save half the cost.
To create an optimal microclimate, regular ventilation will be required, for which automatic ventilators are installed.
The average price of such a device is 1,500 rubles.
In greenhouses for growing grapes, a system is used drip irrigation, and in the process they perform fergitation (adding fertilizers with water for irrigation). Installing an irrigation system will cost 2-3 thousand rubles for a small greenhouse. Fertilizers should be applied constantly, not several times a year.
A kit for heating a greenhouse with an area of 15 square meters costs 4.5 thousand rubles. The thermostat costs about 2 thousand rubles. Can be used as heaters infrared heaters(2.5-3 thousand rubles with a heated area of 12 square meters), as well as other means. The non-recommended temperature for growing grapes is above 30 degrees, so if your region has a dry summer, then you need to take care of cooling the air.
Grape sort
The following varieties are used to grow grapes for sale in greenhouses:
The cost of seedlings ranges from 400 to 800 rubles per unit.
Planting seedlings
Seedlings are planted along the side walls of the greenhouse every meter from each other and at a distance of 75 centimeters from the walls. The soil must be fertilized and well prepared. 30-40 centimeters are retreated from the glass and trellis wires are pulled every 20-30 centimeters. Then the grape leaves will be better illuminated by the sun. Bushes are formed in the form of vertical or horizontal cordons.
Growing in winter can begin in December, but in this case this process will require large costs for lighting and heating.
Therefore, February-April is still considered the ideal time.
During bud break, the air temperature should be 8-10 degrees at night and 10-14 degrees during the day. When flowering - 14-16 degrees at night and 24-26 degrees during the day. When the berries ripen - 18-20 degrees at night, 28-30 degrees during the day. In this case, the soil temperature should be 20-25 degrees. Grapes have a dormant period that lasts 2-2.5 months. At this time, the temperature must be kept within 0-5 degrees.
Harvesting
The yield per square meter is up to 5 kilograms of grapes or 50 tons per hectare. At wholesale The cost of a kilogram of grapes will be 50-200 rubles. Thus, from 100 square meters greenhouses can earn an average of 50 thousand rubles. That is, the payback period for the greenhouse will be 4 years. To increase the profitability of the greenhouse, it is recommended to use the free space for growing other crops.
Sales of products
Selling grapes during the season is not an easy task. Most suitable option will be the conclusion of a supply agreement with grocery stores.
Leave your comments below if you have questions about this article.
Grapes are one of the most popular types of berries presented in our food markets. This business is seasonal, unless of course you use greenhouses, but at the same time it is profitable and requires little labor to organize. A huge number of grape varieties allows you to work in the market even with high competition, since you can grow and sell unique varieties of this berry.
In the grape business, it is very important to find markets. You shouldn’t limit yourself to just selling grapes at the local grocery market; alternatively, you can agree to sell them to juice factories, grocery stores, or nearby wineries.
It is most profitable to sell grapes in the off-season, since their price during this period is higher, but this can only be realized with the construction of greenhouses, and during the season, prices on the market fall, but at the same time, the most of these berries are bought.
The first thing you need to start organizing a grape farm is selecting and marking a place for planting it. The best place Sunny areas that are not covered are considered for cultivation big trees. Shading leads to a decrease in yield, which in turn will affect profits. Sandy soils are most suitable for planting grapes.
To mark holes for digging, you need to focus on the following values. The distance between the rows of grapes is about 2-3 m. The distance of one bush from another in a row is about 1.5-2 m. Such parameters must be observed so that the grapes do not darken the neighboring bushes.
Usually planting pits have dimensions of 0.8m x 0.8m x 0.8m. When digging, the soil is sorted, so, for example, fertile upper layer soils are poured separately, and clay and loam separately. We will subsequently use the first type of soil to fill the hole.
Usually, the preparation of holes for planting grapes is carried out in advance, approximately 2 - 3 weeks before planting the seedlings.
All pits are filled with a substrate of fertilizers and other additives that ensure high soil fertility. After which the hole is watered generously so that the soil settles a little.
Planting grapes involves a whole technological process, which subsequently ensures high productivity of the plantation. So, let's talk in more detail about the substrate and its components, since many novice businessmen are interested in this issue.
First, sand and humus are poured into the bottom of the hole, and about 2 buckets of earth mixed with 1 liter. wood ash. The last component provides the soil with useful microelements. After which it is all mixed. You should have about half the hole filled. Next is a layer of 10–15 cm of fertile soil, on which the seedling is placed and sprinkled with earth. Then the space is filled to the top with earth, humus, sand and ash. After this, pour about 2 buckets of water generously.
The seedling itself is usually installed at an angle in the direction of the supporting structures. Typically, such structures are metallic profile, located at a distance of about 3 meters from each other. A wire is stretched between the profile, with a pitch of about 40 cm between rows. The posts themselves are installed in holes to a depth of about 0.8 - 1 m and can be slightly concreted to create a more stable structure.
As you can see, a grape business requires its owner to have specialized knowledge, since otherwise you can only receive a part and not 100% of the yield of a particular variety.
The full cycle of care for this plant can include:
What do you need to know about the greenhouse version of this business? It has a number of differences and advantages, but at the same time it requires large financial investments and costs for maintaining the greenhouse.
The business of growing grapes in greenhouses requires the purchase and installation of a greenhouse complex, which includes:
Here are the main temperature indicators that should be provided for the most optimal cultivation of grapes:
As you can see, grapes are a heat-loving plant and keeping them in a greenhouse will require spending a lot of money on heating, so this business, even in a greenhouse, usually starts around April in order to minimize the cost of its maintenance.
When drawing up a business plan, you will have to choose from a huge number of various types grapes First of all, you need to choose the varieties that are most popular among buyers. Also, do not forget to consider whether these varieties are adapted to our climatic conditions.
Here is a list of the most suitable grape varieties for growing in open ground:
The first two types of grapes can also be grown in greenhouse conditions.
The following varieties are also additionally bred in greenhouses:
Conclusions. The grape business is a very promising topic that allows an entrepreneur to explore various markets for products, and the demand for this product is very high. But to grow this berry in a business format, you will need to study the features different varieties grapes, determine the optimal planting technology and observe correct mode for plant care.
Anything to add? We expect from the owners of farms where this berry is grown practical advice and comments, which will be useful for beginners.
