On the left bank of the Tiber River, originally intended for military and gymnastic exercises. Since the expulsion of the Tarquins, military and civil meetings have taken place here. As a place for military exercises, the field was dedicated to Mars, who had his altar in its center. This center of the field subsequently remained free, under the name Campus proper, while the rest of the field was built up.
The Champ de Mars has seen many triumphs in its lifetime - solemn parades of winners. To consolidate the moment of glory, some of the triumphants built majestic public buildings on the field: circuses, porticos, temples.
A low-lying, sometimes swampy flat area of more than 250 hectares on the left bank of the Tiber, at the foot of the Capitol, Quirinal and Pintius, was originally dedicated to the god of war Mars, according to legend, the father of Romulus and Remus. The last of the kings of the Etruscan dynasty, Lucius Tarquin the Proud, appropriated this public parade ground for himself, ordered to rename it the Roman Field and grow wheat there. After the revolution of 509 BC. e. The Champ de Mars became public knowledge and military exercises, reviews and parades began to be held there again. It was located behind the city-wide wall (the first wall on this site was erected, according to legend, by King Servius Tullius in the 6th century BC, although the oldest surviving sections date back to the 4th century BC), because according to According to the laws of Rome, the armed army had no right to enter the city.
In the southern sector of the Campus Martius, next to the Theater of Marcellus, there are the ruins of the ancient Roman temples of the goddess of war Bellona (built in honor of the victory over the Etruscans in 296-91 BC, in front of it stood a “column of war”, from which as a sign of the announcement war, they threw a spear towards the enemy) and Apollo Sosianus (built in honor of deliverance from the plague). In one of these temples, the Roman generals, returning victorious, awaited a decision whether they would be granted triumph ( full list triumphants from 752 to 19 Don. e. carved in stone in 12 BC. e., presented in Capitoline Museum). There, the senators received foreign ambassadors and foreign rulers, who, like the armed army, were not allowed to cross the city’s borders. But the Gentiles had the right to build their own temples outside, on the Campus Martius, and perform religious rites according to customs.
In 221 BC. e. in the southern sector of the field, consul Gaius Flaminius Nepos marked out the Circus of Flaminius, where horse races and chariot competitions were held; He also built the Via Flaminius, which was very important for Ancient Rome, leading from the Porta del Popolo (modern Piazza del Popolo) to the bridge over the Tiber and to the north, towards Rimini.
With the coming to power of the dictator Sulla (138-78 BC), part of the plots on the public Campus Martius were sold or transferred to influential Romans for insulas (revenue apartment buildings) and villas, but this was rather an exception, and public buildings began to be built first of all: porticos, circuses and temples. Thus, Gnaeus Pompey the Great (106-48 BC), immediately after his triumph in 61, ordered the foundation of the first Roman stone theater for 27 thousand seats with a semicircular amphitheater diameter of 158 m. Pompey’s portico and Curia of Pompeii, trees planted in rows - the first city park. On the Field of Mars, by the will of the Roman people, Pompey's wife, Caesar's daughter Julia, was buried. This was considered a great honor.
Guy Julius Caesar celebrated four triumphs in a row: Gallic, Alexandrian, Pontic and African. By his order, the construction of a second permanent stone theater, known since 12 BC, began on the Campus Martius. e. like the Theater of Marcellus (completed by Octavian Augustus). And the third theater on the Campus Martius - the Balba Theater with 7.7 thousand seats - was built with his own money by Caesar's friend - politician, military man and, as it turned out, theatergoer Lucius Cornelius Balbus.
Towards the end of the Republic, the Campus Martius, this northern “hallway” of Rome, gradually begins to be filled with single buildings. And a complete architectural complex on this site will be created at the beginning of the Principate.
Initially, the Campus Martius - the area between the Tiber and the hills, Quirinal and Pintius - was used for military parades, but gradually it was built up with monumental buildings - secular and ecclesiastical, monuments and stadiums.
Planned development of the flat Campus Martius, adjacent to the historical core of the city to the northeast behind the wall, began in the imperial period.
Under Octavian Augustus, everything was transformed: a clear urban plan was developed, the number of districts was increased from 4 to 14, and municipal fire and police services were established. But it was the urbanization from scratch of the Champ de Mars, unencumbered by the disadvantages of spontaneous development within the city, that embodied the architectural splendor of the era. “And all around are many porticoes, parks, three theaters, an amphitheater and magnificent temples located one after another, so that a description of the rest of the city is perhaps unnecessary,” writes the Greek historian Strabo (64 BC), shocked by the transformation of the valley. - 24 AD).
In 29 BC. e. Octavian was awarded a three-day triumph for the conquest of Illyria, the victory at Actium and the capture of Egypt. The solemn procession moved slowly from the Campus Martius, through the Triumphal Gate, around the Palatine Hill and up the Sacred Way. Returning to Rome, Octavian ordered the construction of the mausoleum of Augustus (28 BC) in the center of the Campus Martius for himself and his loved ones. In the eastern part, the Circus of Flaminius was separated by several porticoes: Octavian, Philip and Octavia (built by the emperor in 33-23 BC in honor of his sister, inside there were two temples, Juno Regina and Jupiter Stator). In addition, in gratitude for the victory over the assassins of Caesar, the temple complex of Mars the Avenger was placed in the center of the Circus of Flavius, which included the portico of the Villa Publica, where a census of the townspeople was carried out every five years, and the Septa - rectangular area 310 by 120 m, where meetings were held (near modern Piazza Venezia).
Augustus himself, they say, did not possess any special military or urban planning talents, but his childhood friend and son-in-law Marcus Agrippa Vipsanius (63-12 BC) was not only an outstanding commander and naval commander, who gave Augustus several very important victories, but and a professional architect. In 33 BC. e., holding the position of aedile, Agrippa was engaged in the arrangement of Roman gardens and parks, the construction of baths and porticos, the restoration and construction of aqueducts, the expansion and cleaning of the Cloaca Maxima. According to his project on the Campus Martius in 27 BC. e. the first Pantheon was built (temple of all gods, burned down in 80 AD) and nearby were the ancient public baths of Agrippa (25-19 BC, first private, then transferred to public use), decorated with beautiful Greek statues, including a bronze original of Apoxyomenes (an athlete clearing dirt from his body with a spatula) by Lysippos...
In 13 BC. e., after the victorious return of Augustus along the Via Flaminia from Gaul and Spain, the Senate decided to build an altar of Peace on the Campus Martius, not far from the mausoleum of Augustus - as a sign that peace was assured for Rome for many years. It was a laconic marble parallelepiped up to 6 m high, with an altar in the center of the platform on a stepped pedestal and bas-reliefs glorifying the World of Augustus. About 90 meters from the altar of Peace, a 30-meter obelisk with a ball, delivered from Egypt, rose, casting a shadow simultaneously on a huge sundial and calendar. In the same 13 BC. e. On behalf of Augustus, the grandiose construction of the Theater of Marcellus was completed.
Gradually, almost the entire Champ de Mars was built up with various temples and public buildings, circuses, theaters, porticos, baths, monuments and obelisks. After a terrible fire in 80 AD. e. under Nero, new objects appeared on the Campus Martius. Then everything here was completed and rebuilt many times. But some things have been preserved (for example, in the Piazza Colonna there is a superbly preserved column of Marcus Aurelius of the 2nd century AD), some have been reconstructed (the Altar of Peace was restored piece by piece in a new place), and some things stand out through later layers (for example, Piazza Navona is an almost exact copy of Domitian’s stadium, Piazza di Grotta Pinta is similar in shape to the Theater of Pompey, etc.).
Location: on the left bank of the Tiber, northwest of the historical core of Rome.
Year of foundation of Rome: 753 BC e.
Construction of the main ancient objects of the Campus Martius: II century BC e. - II century n. e. (development of a regular building plan under Octavian Augustus).
Campus Marzio (Campo Marzio) is a lowland in a bend with an area of 250 hectares, between the Quirinal, Pincio and Capitoline Hills, intended for gymnastics and military exercises. The center of the field, where the altar to Mars was built, subsequently remained free, was named Campo and was also turned into a war memorial, and the rest of the space was built up.
The history of the Campus Martius is closely connected with the military glory of Rome. In ancient times, there was a campus (Campo) here - barracks and other buildings for the needs of a large army: hospitals, an arsenal, training fields. In the center stood a sculpture of Mars, as if observing the events, the god of war and patron of all Ancient Rome, and an altar.
After the expulsion of the Tarquins (5th century BC), the status of the field changed. Now it was a place of public meetings, military parades and sports competitions, and every year Equiria was celebrated, accompanied by horse races. On the vast territory, everyone could find entertainment for themselves.
The first public building on the Champ de Mars is considered to be the Villa Publica. The structure, which dates back to 435 BC, was essentially 300 m of cleared space enclosed by a small portico. This place was used for regular (every 5 years) gathering of Roman citizens for political purposes.
During the Punic Wars in the 3rd century BC. numerous battles were fought outside Rome and its environs. However, wealthy commanders returning from campaigns considered it their duty to honor the memory of the dead and give glory to their gods. Thus, Campo Marzio was built up with various temples and tombs .
In 221 BC, the consul Flaminius built a circus in the southern part of Campo Marzio for horse racing and the Plebeian Games. A path was laid to the circus that connected the gate del Popolo and the crossing of the Tiber - the Flaminian Way (Via Flaminia). The Circus of Flaminius has not survived to this day.
Archaeological excavations, which revealed the remains of ancient temples and public institutions, began in the 20th century and continue to this day. The main decoration historical monuments today are four-legged furry creatures. And it itself is better known as a place where cats live.
The Temple of Bellona, the patroness of the defenders of the Motherland, was built in 295 BC. Appius Claudius Caecus (lat. Appius Claudius Caecus) in honor of the victory of the Romans over the Etruscans. The sanctuary of the warrior goddess was located on the Campus Martius nearby (Teatro di Marcello). Political meetings took place in the temple, receptions took place in honor of foreign ambassadors, but at the moment the temple is ruins.
The Temple of Hercules was built around 120 BC. on the hilly bank of the Tiber, called at that time the Bull Forum (Foro Boario). The round rotunda, completely surrounded by columns, is the oldest marble building in Rome, still pleasing the eye of modern tourists. There is an assumption that the temple was built with money from a merchant olive oil, as evidenced by the inscription on one of the statues in the sanctuary. Located on the square opposite (Piazza della Bocca della Verita).
In 27 AD e. Marcus Agrippa built the first - the temple of all the gods, which burned down half a century later, and the most ancient public baths - the baths.
The Pantheon, created by Agrippa, was a building surrounded by a portico made of huge granite columns of the Corinthian order. The very first version of the great temple did not remain recorded even in ancient manuscripts. It is only known that the modern Pantheon is located in exactly the same place in the Circus of Flaminius as its predecessor.
The current Pantheon was rebuilt in 126 AD. Emperor Hadrian. The temple is equipped with several rows of columns, topped by a triangular cross beam. The main part of the temple is hidden under a round dome, in the center of which there is a round window - Oculus (from Latin “eye”).
Unique Feature: The height to the eye and the diameter of the dome have same value— 43.3 m. There is also an interesting link between the Oculus and the Vernal Equinox and April 21!
The Temple of Hadrian was erected in 145 AD. a descendant of the emperor, Anthony Pius (lat. Antoninus Pius). The building was completed in luxurious style: Two rows of 13 marble columns were lined up on a rectangular podium, supporting an ornate roof. A wide staircase lined with marble slabs and carved reliefs led to the temple.
Unfortunately, only 11 columns and part of the wall of the sanctuary “survived” to the present day. The remains of the temple became part of the Roman customs building, and later the stock exchange, built at the end of the 19th century. Address of the Temple of Hadrian: Piazza di Pietra.
Military leader Lucius Cornelius Sulla (lat. Lucius Cornelius Sulla) in the 2nd century. BC. gave the Campus Martius popularity among the Roman nobility. Tenement houses, called insulas, began to be built, public buildings. The once abandoned territory began to be actively built up with houses, porticoes, palaces, and theaters.
Gnaeus Pompey 52 BC began the construction of a huge stone theater for 27 thousand spectators, the amphitheater of which had a diameter of 158 meters. A grandiose public institution is the Theater of Pompey, the first theater made of stone. The huge entertainment complex, decorated with fountains and a garden, also included a curia where Senate meetings were held.
During the Ides of March 44 BC. great (Gaius Iulius Caesar) within the walls of the Senate Theater of Pompeii.
The establishment, which at its best could accommodate about 20 thousand spectators, has been well preserved since the times of Ancient Rome. Sometimes small summer concerts take place at the Theater of Marcellus.
During the reign of the Emperor on the Champ de Mars a place for voting for the inhabitants of Rome was built- Saepta Julia. The extensive structure (300 x 95 m) served the needs of Roman rulers for a long time, until in the 3rd century. AD did not fall into complete decline. However, part of the wall of Septa Julius can be seen next to the Pantheon.
In 13 BC. The Roman Senate presented Emperor Augustus with a gift - the Altar of Peace monument, named after the goddess of peace Pax.
Huge altar open type, exquisitely decorated with carved slabs, was installed on the Campus Martius in the western part of the Flaminian drogue. For a long time, the monument, erected in honor of the imperial victories, was considered lost, until some of its parts were brought to light in the 16th century.
In the 19th century, in-depth excavations made it possible to restore most of the monument. It was only in 1938 that the sacred Altar of Peace was rebuilt under the leadership of Benito Mussolini opposite the Mausoleum of Augustus. Now a structure has been installed over the ancient monument to protect it from the vicissitudes of nature.
The Mausoleum of Augustus is a tomb built by the emperor in 28 BC. The tomb consists of several concentric rings of brick and earth stacked on top of each other. In the past, the roof of the mausoleum was crowned with an equestrian statue of Augustus, which has not survived.
The tomb contained the remains of the emperor’s relatives and heirs: sister, son-in-law, adopted son, Augustus himself, his wife Livia and many others.
The Mausoleum of Augustus was repeatedly looted, restoration work were carried out only under Mussolini. However, at the moment there is no access inside the monument; tourists have to admire its decadent beauty from the outside. Currently, the monument is located on the banks of the Tiber near Piazza Augusto Imperatore.
After a fire in 64 AD, Emperor Domitian had to rebuild many public places Rome. In particular, the current(Piazza Navona), was once a stadium on the Champs de Mars, where all the major sporting and social events of the capital took place.
The 30-meter column was erected at the end of the Marcomannic War (166-180 AD) between Rome and the Germanic tribes. The marble pillar is densely decorated with battle scenes that glorify the valor of the emperor and military leader Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, as well as his army.
In the original, a statue of the emperor was installed on top of the column, which was replaced in the Middle Ages by a sculpture of the Apostle Paul. The pillar is well preserved and can be viewed in the Piazza Colonna.
Modern Champ de Mars - part historical center, one of 22 areas in Rome that has preserved its historical layout and buildings. In the center is the Champ de Mars, an undeveloped square that still preserves the memory of the military glory of our ancestors.
Subsequently, Campo Marzio changed its appearance many times, but could not return its former splendor. Having turned into an ordinary residential area in Rome, the Campus Martius was built up apartment buildings, which inevitably led to the destruction of ancient monuments. The ancient temples were replaced by palaces of wealthy citizens: Borghese, Firenze, Ruspoli and many others.
You can get to the Campus de Mars square (Piazza in Campo Marzio) from the nearest Barberini station, moving along Via del Tritone.
If you are already in the urban area of the Campo Marzio, then the right place You can walk from the Pantheon, from Piazza Venecia, from Torre Argentina, from many other attractions.
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In several big cities in the world there is an area under the strange name Champ de Mars. What does it mean?
All these places are named after the Campus Martius of ancient Rome, and therefore, in order to understand the meaning of the numerous fields of Mars, we cannot do without an in-depth excursion into history. Let's figure out where this phenomenon came from and what form it has taken now.
In ancient times, no one except the guards were allowed to enter the city with weapons. What about the army? For her, in fact, barracks were built outside the walls. In fact, these were real military camps: in addition to barracks, there was a hospital, weapons workshops, an arsenal, and a field for training and mock battles. All this together was called the campus (campus in Latin). Since the camp was occupied by the military, it was under the protection of the god of war - Mars. In Rome, this place was located on the left bank of the Tiber, occupying the lowland between the Capitoline, Pintius and Quirinal hills. In the center of the campus stood a small altar to a warrior god.
After the Tarquinian era, especially during the late Republic, the Campus Martius changed its status and appearance. Public meetings began to be held there, sometimes military reviews, sports competitions (comitia centuriata) were held, and even executions were carried out. Every year the festival of Equirium was celebrated here with horse races and a cavalcade of chariots. Since the field was huge, several events were taking place on it at the same time, and many spectators could find entertainment to their liking.
When Julius Caesar began to rule Rome, the military town moved to Selio Hill. Ordinary civilians of the city began to settle on the Champ de Mars. But the name was preserved in toponymy. Subsequently, this huge crescent-shaped space began to be actively developed. Many interesting architectural structures were erected on it, for example, the Pantheon. Since the territory of the original military town included a cemetery where the ashes of soldiers who died for the fatherland were kept, in the future citizens continued to honor their heroes at this place, for which the Pantheon temple, which adorns the Champs de Mars, was built. Rome has lost a large undeveloped space, but sacredly preserves the memory of this glorious place.
By analogy with Campus Martius in Rome, similar places began to be created in other large cities. It is noteworthy that initially their purpose was the same as in Eternal City. They performed a military function for soldier drills and ceremonial reviews. And only then, centuries later, they began to be perceived as memorials of glory to the heroes who fell for the Fatherland.
In some cities, in such squares it was lit. Naturally, altars to Mars were no longer erected in such places, but the name remained. Perhaps because there was a fashion for antiquity. Thus, fields dedicated to the god of war appeared in lands very far from Rome. Which cities have the Champ de Mars? Paris, Athens, Nuremberg and even St. Petersburg. The most interesting, both historically and architecturally, is Champ de Mars in the capital of France. And the most instructive thing is in the German city of Nuremberg.
In 1751, Louis XV ordered the construction of a military school on the left bank of the Seine. Boys from impoverished noble families were supposed to study there (it is known that one of the cadets in this institution was the young Napoleon Bonaparte). Adjacent to the school was a vast, flat meadow intended for military exercises. The king also hosted parades here. This space near the Louvre was called the Champ de Mars.
Paris appreciated this vast area, suitable for gathering large numbers of people. Here they swore allegiance to the first constitution. Some events French Revolution 1791 also took place on this field. A large undeveloped space almost in the center of the city was used by Parisians for various needs. Not only were public celebrations held here, but also the first experiments in mastering airspace were carried out. In 1784, the pioneer in this area, Blanchard, took to the sky from the Champ de Mars in a controlled balloon.
The Champs de Mars, stretching over twenty hectares along the Quai Branly, unlike its Roman counterpart, remained undeveloped. It played the role of the city hippodrome in 1833-1860, then exhibitions of world scientific achievements began to be held here. Therefore, when he presented the design of his tower to Paris, it was decided to build it near the Champs de Mars. The iron openwork structure fits amazingly into the green frame of the lawns. Millions of tourists now flock to the city to view and photograph the Eiffel Tower from Champ de Mars. The natural edge of the field is the golden dome of the Invalides building and the Military School. That’s why Parisians themselves love to have picnics on the grass, coming to the field even in the evening with candles.
This memorial is called Πεδίον του Άρεως (Pedion tou Areos) in Modern Greek. It was built in 1934 to honor the heroes of the national liberation revolution of 1821. By analogy with the Parisian Champs de Mars, the monument was dedicated to the god of war - Areos. It is noteworthy that you will not see his statue anywhere, but the sculpture of Pallas Athena crowns the memorial of glory. In contrast to the green meadow of the French capital, this monument is a shady park. The microclimate of the green zone in the very center of the city (from here it is only a kilometer to Omonia Square) is such that in summer the temperature here is two degrees lower than elsewhere in Athens. In front of the main entrance there is a statue of the Greek king Constantine I on horseback. In addition to the busts of twenty-one heroes of the revolution, the park also contains the grave of British, New Zealand and Australian soldiers who fell in the battles for Greece during the Second World War.
A century after St. Petersburg was founded, the Champ de Mars was created in this city. However, initially it was called Amusing, since Maslenitsa festivities took place on the undeveloped territory. It was located just west of the Summer Garden. In the 18th century, this place began to be called the Big Meadow.
The name and functions of the place changed when the Empress ascended the throne. The field began to be respectfully called Tsarina’s Meadow. It hosted military reviews and parades. And since there has always been a fashion for Paris in Russia, at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries it was decided to call Tsaritsyn Meadow the Field of Mars. Paul I ordered to fence off part of the rapidly developing space with a forged lattice, and lay out a park with lawns and alleys. In 1801, by order of the same emperor, monuments to the commanders Suvorov and Rumyantsev were erected.
Years passed, St. Petersburg developed, and with it changes affected the Champ de Mars. The two sculptures that adorned it were moved to other places in the city. Thus, the monument to commander P. A. Rumyantsev by architect V. F. Brenna was moved in 1818 to Vasilievsky Island. And during the reign of Emperor Alexander I, the sculpture of the great field marshal was also moved. Now it stands opposite the Trinity Bridge, next to the Marble Palace and the count's house of Saltykov. In fact, this is also part of Tsaritsyn Meadow, only separated into a separate area, named after the field marshal.
On the Field of Mars, on the Moika, it is worth special mention. IN Russian Empire this was the first monument to an uncrowned person. Sculptor M.I. Kozlovsky, who worked on the monument by order of Paul I in 1799-1800, did not particularly care about the portrait resemblance of the statue and the original. This is, rather, a collective, epic image of a victorious commander. The bronze figure on the pedestal is dressed in an antique toga. She holds a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. Suvorov appears before us in the guise of Mars, the god of war.
After the Champ de Mars lost the monuments of two commanders, nothing further indicated the relationship of this place to war and battles. However, the name remains. Therefore, when the question arose of where to bury the people who died during the February Revolution of 1917, there was no other proposal: the mass grave should be located on the Champ de Mars. Later, new graves began to appear there of workers killed in the Yaroslavl uprising in the summer of 1918, participants in the defense of the city from Yudenich’s troops, as well as fallen revolutionary figures M. Uritsky, V. Volodarsky, Latvian riflemen and others. It was decided to perpetuate the memory of the heroes by opening a memorial. It was built from gray and pink granite. The opening was timed to coincide with the second anniversary of the October Revolution. But the field itself was renamed the Square of the Victims of the Revolution.
In March 1935, she decided to acquire her own Champs of Mars. It was supposed to be more than just a place for maneuvers and drill training for Wehrmacht troops. It was planned to hold party congresses here, as well as a parade in honor of the liberation of the world from the “plague of communism and Semitic dominance.” Therefore, this was supposed to be the construction project of the century - the largest Champ de Mars in Europe. Photos from those years show that the space allocated for the parade ground was the size of eighty. In the same spirit of gigantomania, there were stands designed for 250 thousand spectators. The arena was to be surrounded by twenty-four towers (eleven of them were built by 1945), and the Fuhrer's podium was to be crowned with a sculptural group of the goddess of victory Victoria with warriors. And what came of it? Let's just say that the grandiose parade ground was conceived in Nuremberg, where, as you know, hearings were held on the trial of fascists accused of crimes against humanity. Truly an instructive story!
Champ de Mars
I
Field of Mars (Campus Martius, Ager Martius)
in ancient Rome, a large lowland on the left bank of the Tiber, outside the city limits, where popular meetings - comitia centuriata - were held. The place received its name in honor of the god of war, Mars, since military parades and competitions were originally held here, and the altar of Mars was located here. By analogy with the town square in Ancient Rome, squares in some other cities (the town square in Paris, the town square in Leningrad), which served as a place for military exercises and parades, were named. square in Leningrad, an important link in the planning system of the city center. The M. ensemble includes: ... (from his own name). 1) among the Romans - a plain near Rome for gymnastic exercises and public meetings. 2) in Paris - a maneuver area on the right bank of the Seine; in St. Petersburg - a square on the banks of the Neva for military parades. (Source: Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language." Chudinov A.N., 1910)
1) in ancient Rome, a place of public meetings, military and gymnastic exercises; 2) a square in Paris, which served for parades, and since 1867 - for world exhibitions; 3) in St. Petersburg there is a viewing area, folk festivals. Otherwise - Tsaritsyn meadow. (Source: " Complete dictionary foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language." Popov M., 1907)
1) among the Romans - northern. part of a vast plain near Rome, which served as a place for popular meetings, as well as gymnastic and military exercises; 2) in Pa... FIELD OF MARS, square in St. Petersburg. In the ensemble of the Field of Mars: the Marble Palace (1768-1785), the Pavlovsk Barracks (1817-1819), the Engineers' Castle (1797-1800), the Summer and Mikhailovsky Gardens. The square received its modern name at the beginning of the 19th century, when it became the site of military parades. Participants of the February Revolution were buried on the Champ de Mars in 1917, and participants in 1918-1919 Civil War. In 1917-19, a monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution" was erected. In 1957 the Eternal Flame was lit. Source: Encyclopedia "Fatherland"
In Leningrad, the square is an important link in the planning system of the city center. Named Champ de Mars in 1818 (by analogy with the Champ de Mars in ancient Rome), since military parades were held on it and monuments were built to the commanders P. A. Rumyantsev ("Rumyantsev Obelisk"; marble, granite, 1798-99, architect V. F. Brenna, from 1818 - on Vasilyevsky Island) and A. V. Suvorov (bronze, granite, 1799-1801, sculptor M. I. Kozlovsky). The ensemble of the Field of Mars includes the Marble Palace (now the Leningrad branch of the TsML; 1768-85, architect A. Rinaldi), Pavlovsk Barracks (now "Lenenergo"; 1817-20, architect V.P. Stasov), as well as the Engineering Castle, Summer Garden . In 1917-19, in the center of the Champ de Mars, at the burial site of workers and figures of the Soviet state who fell for the revolution, a monument to the “Fighters of the Revolution” was erected (granite, architect L.V. Rudnev, author of the inscriptions - A.V. Lunacharsky), in 1920-23 on There is a ground garden throughout the entire territory (architect I. A. Fomin); in 1957 the Eternal Flame was lit...
Field of Mars - Square in St. Petersburg. In the ensemble of the Field of Mars: the Marble Palace (1768-85), the Pavlovsk Barracks (1817-20), the Engineers' Castle (1797-1800), the Summer and Mikhailovsky Gardens. The square received its name in the beginning. 19th century, when it became the site of military parades. Participants of the February Revolution were buried on the Champ de Mars in 1917, and participants in the Civil War in 1918-1919. In 1917-19, a monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution" was erected. In 1957 the Eternal Flame was lit.
Champ de Mars
M\"arsova n\"ole, M\"arsova n\"olya (square in Paris, St. Petersburg, etc.)
Russian spelling dictionary. / The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute rus. language them. V. V. Vinogradova. - M.: "Azbukovnik". V. V. Lopatin (executive editor), B. Z. Bukchina, N. A. Eskova and others.. 1999 .
Field of Mars square in St. Petersburg. In the ensemble of the Field of Mars: the Marble Palace (1768-85), the Pavlovsk Barracks (1817-20), the Engineers' Castle (1797-1800), the Summer and Mikhailovsky Gardens. The square received its name in the beginning. 19th century, when it became the site of military parades. Participants of the February Revolution were buried on the Champ de Mars in 1917, and participants in the Civil War in 1918-1919. In 1917-19, a monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution" was erected. In 1957 the Eternal Flame was lit.
Champ de Mars
(before early XIX V. Promenade, Poteshnoye Pole, Tsaritsyn Meadow, in 1918-40 Victims of the Revolution Square), between Khalturin Street, the Lebyazhy Canal embankment and the river embankment. Sinks. Named after the ancient Roman god of war, Mars. Originated in a drained swamp near Summer Garden in the first half of the 18th century. as a place for walks, fireworks (“funny lights”), and military parades (hence the name). In the second half of the 18th century. The ensemble of the M. p. included the Marble Palace, the Saltykov House, the house of I. I. Betsky, the building of the Main Pharmacy on Bolshaya Millionnaya Street ( cm. Khalturina street). In 1797 -1800 the Engineering Castle was built. In 1799, an obelisk “Rumyantsev’s victories” was erected on the banks of the Moika River (in 1818 it was moved to... Champ de Mars Area in Dr. Rome, on the left bank of the river. Tiber (outside the city limits), where the original. there were wars. (hence the name. "M. P." according to them god of war Mars) and gymnastics. competitions. With the beginning of the republic (at the end of the 6th century BC), the city center became the place of the people. meetings by centuries. In the center of the M. p. there is an altar of Mars. At a later time it means. part of the field was built up and the actual square began to be called only the area around the altar. Ancient world. encyclopedic Dictionary in 2 volumes. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf. V. D. Gladky. 1998.
(Campus Martius). An open place outside the walls of Rome where military and gymnastic exercises Roman youths and where the Roman people gathered to elect officials.(
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