A visit to the sauna is not only a way to get rid of a week’s worth of dirt, but also to shed overweight or remove waste and toxins from the body. However, the beneficial effects on the body can only be felt when correct device ventilation in the bathhouse, which in most cases is far from ideal.
It would seem that in order to preserve heat and increase the rate of heating of the room, it is necessary to seal all the cracks, and lay a seal around the perimeter of the doorway so that the door closes tightly and does not serve as a source of cold air. However, everything is exactly the opposite, since well-planned ventilation contributes to:
Thus, ventilation in the bathhouse plays a very important role both for the safety of the bathhouse structure over a long period of operation and for health benefits. At the same time, choosing the required type of ventilation system will not be difficult, since you will have to choose from only 2 standard systems.
Before you learn how to ventilate a bathhouse, you need to familiarize yourself with the main types and types of ventilation systems.
Based on the method of air inflow/outflow, there are 2 types of ventilation systems, each of which has undeniable advantages and shortcomings.
Air exchange at natural system ventilation occurs under the influence of natural factors without the use of additional equipment in the form of fans or electric motors.
Among natural factors Of no small importance are:
An increase in wind pressure leads to an increase in the mass of rarefied air, thereby improving the ventilation of the bathhouse.
The advantages due to natural ventilation in the bath are as follows:
Among the disadvantages it is worth highlighting:
Thus, natural ventilation in a wooden bathhouse is quite enough for one family, since wood itself is a breathable material, and the cracks in wooden building During the drying process, they still occur. At the same time, for complete ventilation in brick bath It’s better to go with an artificial system, since the formation of gaps when using such a building material is quite rare.
Air exchange in the bath occurs regardless of the influence external factors nature using various types of fans, pumps and other equipment that promote renewal and faster heating of the air.
Advantages of artificial ventilation:
Flaws:
The forced ventilation system in the bathhouse, based on its inherent task, involves the use of such types of ventilation as:
1. Supply air – provides access to the room of the required volume clean air. Typical system artificial ventilation includes an air duct, an air intake grille, a filter and an air valve. However, the greatest effect of the construction supply ventilation in the bathhouse is achieved by installing an electric fan.
2. Exhaust - helps remove exhaust air from the bathhouse through a system consisting of an air duct, grille, electric motor, and fan.
3. Supply and exhaust – a combination of the functions of supply and exhaust systems. In this case, the distribution of air masses inside the bath occurs by:
Regardless of the type of ventilation, the cross-section of the ventilation opening should be 24 cm per 1 m³.
Thus, forced ventilation is several times higher than a natural ventilation system. Based on this, an artificial ventilation system is the most optimal solution for arranging ventilation for a frame bath. At the same time, we should not forget that the supply and exhaust openings have a strictly ordered arrangement relative to each other, and not a chaotic one.
The intensity of air exchange inside the bathhouse largely depends on the correct distribution of ventilation holes in relation to one another. Despite the variety of options for alternative arrangements of openings for air inflow/outflow, the following bath ventilation schemes have gained the most popularity:
Thus, the exhaust vent can be located below the supply vent only if there is a fan.
Several different ventilation schemes in the bathhouse, the video of which is presented below, will help you make a final decision regarding your own design.
Every year the design of the bathhouse becomes more complex, creating more comfortable conditions for those who like to take a steam bath or just wash in a bathhouse. If previously the bathhouse included a dressing room and a washing room combined with a steam room, today the bathhouse consists of 3-4 rooms:
Of course, the most important of them are the steam room and the washing room. However, a ventilation system must be installed not only in these rooms, but also in the dressing room, as well as the rest room, since humidity also spreads into the rooms adjacent to the steam room.
For steam room ventilation baths will do any of the above schemes. However, before firing the stove, it is necessary to completely ventilate the steam room by opening the door and all ventilation holes for 5-10 minutes. After ventilation is completed, the door and exhaust openings are closed. When the temperature in the steam room reaches the required limit, you can slowly open the exhaust hole, regulating the intensity of air exchange using the valve. In this case, the diameter of the exhaust hole cannot be less than the supply hole, otherwise there will be reverse thrust, as a result of which the air flow will be reduced. However, it is necessary to ensure that the air flow does not disturb temperature regime inside the steam room.
Along with the steam room, the washing room of the bathhouse is also associated with big amount moisture, the timely disposal of which is very important, since mold and dampness have a detrimental effect on both the human body and the duration of operation of the building. Due to the fact that a large amount of water accumulates under the floor, for the purpose of ventilation in washing bath You can use an asbestos pipe placed in the corner of the sink. In this case, one end of the pipe should be between the finishing and subfloor, and the second should be led to the roof and equipped with a deflector.
If the stove is located in a washing room, then the stove vent, located below the finished floor, will also act as a good hood.
When planning a construction, you must immediately think about the ventilation of the bathhouse foundation, since the installation of ventilation holes occurs at the stage of concrete reinforcement. To create holes for ventilation, asbestos pipes are quite suitable, which are fixed strictly horizontally in the intended places using wire and reinforcement rods, after which the pipes are covered with dry sand. In this case, the distance from the ground level to the pipe should be at least 10-15 cm, so that when lifting groundwater During the off-season, do not worry about the possibility of flooding. After securing the pipes, the foundation is poured with concrete. In this case, the sand is removed only after the concrete has completely hardened. For normal ventilation of the foundation, 2-4 holes with a diameter of 10 cm, located in places opposite to each other, are sufficient. To protect against insects, the openings are protected by installing on ventilation holes grids with mesh.
An integral part of any bathhouse is the dressing room, where a mini-changing room is arranged. In addition, a stove is often placed in the dressing room. In most cases, this is due to the small area of the steam room or in order to prevent the accumulation of debris directly in the steam room. At the same time, the stove copes remarkably well with the functions of ventilation in the sauna dressing room, because the condensate that appears as a result of opening the steam room door must be disposed of.
If there is no stove in the dressing room, then after bath procedures you can simply open a window or door to the street and thoroughly ventilate the room.
An alternative ventilation option is to install an exhaust vent equipped with a fan at the top of the wall bordering the street.
Based specific situation, one of several options for ventilating the room is used. However, it is necessary to think through all the details of arranging the dressing room during the planning period.
Thus, building ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands is not so difficult. The main thing is to carefully approach the planning process and choose the right type ventilation system, largely depending on design features structures and location of the bathhouse.
Going to the bathhouse is not only one of the ways to wash yourself, but also to remove accumulated toxins from the body, harmful substances. The healing effects of the bath can be felt if the exhaust holes are properly arranged and the air is constantly renewed. Properly installed ventilation in a bathhouse is the first necessity. Without it, musty, stagnant air disrupts the microclimate in the steam room and, together with high humidity provokes the formation of fungi and mold.
The arrangement of exhaust and supply structures in the washing part of the bathhouse and steam room allows you to preserve the building in its original form, protect it from premature aging, wear and rot. Ventilation is quite easy to install with your own hands if you follow some rules.
Ventilation plays a huge role in bath rooms, equipped with solid fuel and gas ovens. During operation, such devices require an impressive volume of air in order to maintain combustion. The lack of a ventilation system, resulting in excess carbon dioxide, can cause oxygen starvation in people.
Uninformed, self-taught bath masters try to insulate rooms as thoroughly as possible in order to increase the heating rate and retain heat for a long time. To do this, seal everything, even the smallest cracks, and insulate the doorway so that cold air flow does not enter inside. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to arranging a bath; there must be ventilation holes. A properly planned ventilation system contributes to:
As you can see, constant circulation of air masses in bath rooms is really necessary. In order to properly install ventilation in a bathhouse, you need to familiarize yourself with its types and installation diagrams.
Ventilation structures are distinguished by the type of device. The following types are commonly used:
For good natural ventilation of the room, even during construction, special openings are provided through which air exchange occurs. They are equipped with special covers or dampers so that, if necessary, the circulation of air masses can be stopped.
The basis of this type of ventilation system is the difference in pressure and temperature between the street and the inside of the bathhouse. The effectiveness of this method lies in correct location vent. The place for air intake is usually located behind the stove, 0.3 m from the floor, and for exhaust - on the opposite wall, about 0.3 m from the ceiling.
This option for providing ventilation for a steam room is not entirely suitable. Ventilation in the steam room must be arranged in such a way that the outlet is at the same level as the inlet. The incoming air warms up as it passes through the oven, rises to the top, and then, once cooled, falls down and enters the exhaust vent. If it is necessary to preserve heat, all vents can be closed.
The effectiveness of this method can be increased by lowering the second hole closer to the floor and installing fans, but this option will already be considered mechanical.
Mechanical ventilation of the room is carried out by installing special fans on the vents. This contributes quite quick update air, which is indispensable in a room such as a washing room. This method of ventilation is convenient when the steam in the bath is pumped into the bath with a special device; its excess is easily removed.
U artificial system ventilation has a number of advantages over natural ventilation:
The forced ventilation system is significantly superior in quality to the natural one. However, in any case, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct location of the ventilation ducts.
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse is a rather interesting question. There are several various schemes arrangement of exhaust and supply passages.
Both openings (inlet and outlet) are located on the same wall opposite the stove. The air enters from an vent located about 0.3 m from the floor, and exits into a second one located 0.3 m from the ceiling. Cold air masses entering the room are heated by the stove, rise up and, having made a circle, are pulled out. This scheme is very convenient if only one wall of the steam room faces the street.
Sometimes the stove itself is used as a hood. This ventilation option only works with a constantly burning stove and operates according to the following principle:
The following diagram shows how to make ventilation in a steam room with a slatted (leaking) floor. In such a room, only one vent is installed for air intake. It is located behind the stove. With this arrangement of the ventilation system, the cooled air descends through the grille into the underground, from where it is sent outside through an exhaust pipe raised to the roof.
Such a ventilation system allows you to simultaneously establish proper air exchange and dry the floor. This method significantly increases the service life of the wood coating.
For a Russian steam room, where steam was always prepared manually, none of the forced ventilation schemes would be suitable. With this arrangement of ventilation holes, all the healthy steam that was prepared with difficulty will escape outside. You can refresh such a room by simply ventilating it or by installing a small grille at the bottom of the door.
Ventilation of such a steam room should be very effective. A Turkish bath or hammam has almost 100% humidity, pumped by steam generators. Therefore, during an hour of operation, the air in the room must change several times.
Another feature of such a bath is education large quantity condensate, which must also be removed. For this purpose, special air dryers are installed in the exhaust pipes.
The peculiarity of a brick bathhouse is in the material from which it is made. Brick is quite hygroscopic and easily absorbs moisture. Without high-quality ventilation, such a bathhouse will very quickly become unusable and you will have to dry not only the interior decoration elements, but also the walls.
In such rooms, the inflow and outflow of air should be very active. Vents are arranged in such a way that it is possible to regulate flows.
Now it is more or less clear how the ventilation system should work. But other points need to be taken into account; the ventilation system should not:
If you pay attention to all these subtleties and follow the suggested tips, then building a ventilation system with your own hands is not difficult. This will allow you to save a lot, because calling a specialist will cost quite a decent amount.
Kirill Sysoev
Calloused hands never get bored!
Content
Creating an oasis of harmony among hot steam, water flowing like a river from showers or mini-pools is not easy. The operation of the bathhouse requires compliance with some subtleties even at the construction stage. To ensure that high humidity does not spoil the structure, and stale air does not interfere with bath procedures, it is necessary to choose and install ventilation correctly.
Air inflow and outflow – the most important condition, since air exchange is based on the balance of supply ventilation (fresh air) and exhaust - the output of waste air. The movement of air flow can occur in a natural, forced or combined way. From the right choice The ventilation system will depend on the level of air humidity, flow circulation, and heat exchange. If the ventilation scheme and arrangement in the bathhouse is disrupted, the microclimate will be disrupted, it will be difficult to breathe, and mold will appear on the walls. Expert advice will help you avoid this:
To pick up the right system, prolonging the life of the structure and finishing materials, you should understand the characteristics of each type, and steam room ventilation can be of the following types:
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According to the operating principle |
Peculiarities |
Is it suitable for a bath? |
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Natural |
The convection flow is formed due to the pressure difference between the street and the room, and the location of the supply and exhaust openings will interfere with normal heating. |
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Combined |
Using air extraction devices; the absence of strict recommendations for the placement of vents makes this method one of the best. |
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Mechanical |
The supply of fresh air and temperature are maintained by special devices, but despite all the convenience, the disadvantage of this method is considered to be high cost. |
The steam room with its high temperature is often surrounded functional rooms. To dry the furnishings, maintain comfortable conditions, and ensure the flow of oxygen-enriched air - these are the main functions of ventilation in the dressing room. If the steam room is used all year round, then you need to take care of installing the fan, perfect option– forced (mechanical) system with exhaust air exhaust through the toilet or washing compartment. The natural way - keeping doors and windows wide open - is an unreliable way to ventilate the dressing room.
Installing the stove correctly and distributing the flow of cold and warm air is just as important as taking care of other bath procedures. The desire to wash yourself by rinsing with water will require a careful approach to the arrangement of this place. To prevent moisture from accumulating under the floor or in the walls, ventilation is needed in the washing compartment of the bathhouse. The simplest option is to make a combined steam room and sink, and if these rooms are separate, then you will need special equipment to remove condensate.
After active bath procedures, when the superheated steam air relaxes the muscles, you want to relax. The ventilation device in the relaxation room of the bathhouse is almost no different from general principles. If the room is small, where there are a couple of shelves, and there is no contact with water, you can periodically create a draft. If the room is large, then ventilation for the bath is necessary. combined type. Among the newest technical developments It is better to give preference to compact devices - ventilators.
Wooden floors will rot within a couple of years if you do not take care of the ventilation system and drying. Even antiseptic treatment will not cope with this as well as ventilation in frame bath providing a flow of fresh air. The design of a natural ventilation system includes: ducts, a pipe from the stove, a through recess, vents, and doors. The vent in the bathhouse is located at the top, closer to the roof, and to regulate the flow it must be equipped with a valve or damper. Forced ventilation in a frame bath it is used where only one of the walls is external.
From wooden beam it turns out to be a traditional Russian steam room, and if the vents are positioned correctly, the direction of the air flow will create comfortable conditions. To ensure complete ventilation, the hood in the log bathhouse will still have to be equipped. Classic version involves the arrangement of a natural air exchange pattern. The special feature of the stove-heater vent, a damper with a valve for the chimney, mounting fans to speed up air exchange - all this is necessary to prevent the formation of a layer of condensation and drafts.
Even at the construction stage, it will be necessary to provide for the creation of a ventilation system. How to make a hood in a bathhouse to maintain the microclimate? The logs of a traditional steam room are laid with a gap, so the cracks of the log house allow fresh air to pass through, and ventilation can be done using a draft. The ventilation system in a bathhouse made of brick, foam block or other modern building materials will require the installation of a ventilation system with the required number of supply and exhaust openings before the construction of the building begins. Preference should be given to a combined or mechanical scheme.
So that dry steam gives a warm embrace, heats floors and protects walls from rot, installation of ventilation is done as follows:
It is necessary to lay the foundations of a ventilation system at the construction stage, because remodeling a finished building will cost more. Brief instructions according to the design of the bathhouse ventilation system it looks like this:
In order for natural ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath to promote a healing effect, when arranging it, you must adhere to the following scheme:
Ventilation of the steam room is the most important component of the design modern bathhouse. Ventilation serves to remove excess steam, exhaust air and properly distribute heat in the room. You can provide ventilation in the steam room with your own hands, investing very little money and materials. But first, let’s figure out whether ventilation is needed in the steam room.
Properly constructed ventilation in a steam room solves two problems:
Lack of air exchange or improper ventilation in the steam room can lead to such sad consequences as:
One of essential functions ventilation in the steam room is an optimization of heating. Air saturated with water vapor is a weak conductor of heat.
This is why a sauna without ventilation takes longer to heat up. To enhance air movement, the supply hole is located behind the firebox, just above the floor. The air entering the room is first warmed up, without lowering the overall temperature in the steam room.
So, ventilation is needed in a Russian steam room, but how to do it correctly - read on and watch the video.
There are many ventilation schemes in the steam room. Choosing the right one depends on architectural features baths But some laws cannot be broken anyway.
The inlet and outlet must not be placed at the same height!
Otherwise, most of the air in the bath will not participate in the movement. Your feet will freeze and your head will overheat.
The diameter of the ventilation holes depends on the volume of the bath:
1 cubic meter of air requires 24 square meters. centimeter of pipe diameter.
Before arranging ventilation in the steam room, it is necessary to consider the valve system. They are needed to regulate the air flow and allow you to quickly cool or warm the bath. It is advisable to install ventilation pipes during the construction phase of the building.
Signs bad work ventilation:
Even in a very hot steam room it should be easy to breathe.
When thinking about how to make ventilation in a steam room, you need to solve the main question: will the air exchange be natural or mechanical. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. When equipping ventilation in the steam room with your own hands, it is easier to resort to mechanical traction.
There is no need to carefully check the location and diameter of the ventilation ducts while mastering the skills of a stove maker. You just need to insert the fans and they will do all the work themselves.
The advantage of the natural steam room ventilation scheme is its low cost. However, it is not always possible to install exhaust pipes in in the right places and you have to resort to mechanical traction.
Before you ventilate the steam room, you need to purchase a fan. Not every model can cope with high humidity and temperature. An ordinary household fan can be used exclusively for ventilating the room after completing bath procedures.
In addition to fans, traction amplifiers also include deflectors. They are placed at the outer end of the ventilation duct.
If a heating steam room is installed geyser, a special ventilation duct is equipped for it.
Steam rooms and saunas are often equipped supply and exhaust systems, which independently regulate temperature, humidity and air exchange in the room.
An error in steam room ventilation can be costly. The diagrams clearly show how to correctly position the ventilation holes:
A– photo of steam room ventilation with natural draft. The inflow is organized behind the firebox, the outflow is opposite from the upper part of the room. In order for the system to work in windy weather, the exhaust pipe is made vertical, its edge is higher than the ridge of the roof. It is important to choose the correct diameter of the air ducts, then the air exchange will proceed independently. It is regulated by flaps.
B– in this photo, ventilation in the steam room was made with your own hands with an uncharacteristic distribution of air ducts. The scheme is used when only one wall can be allocated for ventilation. The air enters the steam room from below, hits the hot stove, warms up and rushes to the ceiling, gradually moving towards the exhaust hole. The exhaust must be forced.
IN– not only the steam room room is ventilated, but also the subfloor, preventing the boards from rotting. Supply air it is immediately warmed by the stove, falls down through the cracks in the floor, then rises up and stretches out into the street.
G– in this photo the chimney is used to ventilate the steam room and is a hood. The inlet is opposite the stove near the floor. Such ventilation is often installed in public steam rooms, since here the stove operates constantly.
The stove plays a very important role in organizing the ventilation of the steam room. The ventilation scheme largely depends on its location. More efficient air exchange is possible when the heater is installed directly inside the steam room, and not in the adjacent room.
It is impossible to install a mechanical hood in a classic Russian bathhouse. She will blow all the steam out onto the street in a matter of minutes. Therefore, after completing the bath procedures, the room is simply thoroughly ventilated. To do this, most often open the door and the window, which is usually located on the wall opposite the door. If there forced exhaust, it can be used, but also with open door. It is imperative to remove all wet leaves from brooms, because they retain moisture and germs. And the benches and wooden floors are dried with towels. In wet floorboards, microbes multiply remarkably and harmful substances released through sweat accumulate.
After thoroughly drying and ventilating the room, you can begin to heat the steam room, where ventilation is required.
During heating in the steam room, the exhaust pipes are closed and the inflow is opened.
air movement at the end of kindling)
Ventilation in the bathhouse is simply necessary. First of all, ventilation is intended to ensure the safety of people who take bath procedures.
Everyone knows that when breathing a person inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. In tight indoors After some time he will begin to choke. And in the steam room, where heat and the concentration of water vapor, this will begin to happen even faster.
Relaxing on the shelf, you won’t have time to get to the rescue one. The cost of an incorrect ventilation device can be prohibitive.
The second important factor is wood rotting. Enjoying and benefiting from bath procedures while smelling rot and mold is very problematic. Therefore, proper ventilation in a Russian bathhouse is the key not only to its benefits, but also to the health of vacationers.
The photo shows wood rotting due to insufficient drying of the wood
Experts believe that a ventilation device in a bathhouse in which the air in the room is changed three times in one hour can be considered correct. The ventilation scheme in the bathhouse is selected depending on the type of structure and materials used in the construction of the walls.
The correct design of a bathhouse and ventilation in it, regardless of the type of structure, is based on the following basic principles:
Note!
There should be no draft in the steam room!
If all these principles are followed, then bath procedures will bring the maximum effect for which they are designed - restoration of mental and physical strength.
The tree is considered ideal building material for a bath. Wooden walls“breathe”, so the issue of air exchange is partially solved naturally.
However, even in wooden building In the steam room, ventilation is necessary. At a minimum, for quickly drying the wood after taking bath procedures.
Work plays a major role in air exchange processes sauna stove. When water is poured onto a column of hot steam is created, which rises upward. As it cools, it lowers, pushing the used air out of the steam room.
Together, the above factors make it possible to create the necessary humidity and temperature in the steam room, and ensure normal air circulation.
Let's take a closer look at the ventilation system in wooden baths. The main tasks for us, naturally, will be to ensure the flow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Our instructions will help you cope with these tasks.
The correct log house is laid in such a way that lower crowns were free. With this installation, access to fresh air from the street is ensured.
In addition, around the steam room door, in any case, there will be gaps sufficient for its entry. The stove in such baths is placed closer to the door so that it heats up immediately.
If the steam room is designed for 6 or more people, a separate air duct is connected to the heater, which supports the combustion process. If you make this air duct double, then the problem of fresh air supply is solved once and for all.
If the heater is heated directly from the steam room, then the exhaust air is exhausted through the firebox into. At correct installation oven, no additional holes required.
In order to dry the room after completing the bath procedures, a small hole (up to 200x200 mm) can be cut in the wall. During the heating and operation of the steam room, it is closed with a special plug.
If the steam room has a window, such a hole is not needed. Sometimes a window from the steam room is cut into the washing room, and in the washing room either a through hole to the street or another window is made. Thus, when drying, two birds are killed at once, both the steam room and the washing room are dried.
Thus, the myth that ventilation is not needed for a wooden bathhouse is confirmed if the following conditions are met:
Actually, such family baths are usually built on personal plots.
A brick structure, as well as a structure made of foam concrete, expanded clay blocks and other permanent structures, is another matter. Ventilation in a brick bath is more complex.
The first difference is that floors in a brick building must be ventilated. The thing is that the floors in the bathhouse are constantly in contact with water, and if they are solid, then the boards will have to be replaced approximately every three to four years. ABOUT unpleasant odors and you don’t even have to talk about mold.
Ventilation of the floor in the bathhouse is laid at the stage of foundation construction. To do this, special holes are made in the foundation on opposite sides. These holes will provide through air circulation under the floor and drying of the joists.
The second difference is the mandatory presence of special supply and exhaust openings in the steam room. There may be several of them. Two supply holes are made at floor level and covered with grates to prevent rodents from entering.
There are 4 most popular schemes for ventilation in a bathhouse, from which you can choose the most suitable one for you.
According to this scheme, the air in the steam room is heated evenly, the incoming air is heated by the stove and rises. As it cools, it falls down and exits through the outlet. The lower it is located, the stronger the air flow will be. When using a fan, a ventilation valve can be installed at the outlet.
The exhaust vent is located above the floor and connected to it corrugated pipe, which rises up to the roof level and opens onto the street. In other cases, the ventilation duct is made in the wall.
Note!
If the walls of the bathhouse are made of expanded clay concrete blocks, then ventilation ducts It is best to lay it during construction.
Note! For the normal functioning of this type of ventilation, it is necessary to leave 5-10 mm gaps between the floorboards.
Fresh air is sucked in by the stove through holes in the floor and, passing through the firebox, goes out into the steam room and into the washing room. It is removed from the premises through openings located below, above the floor level.
There are also combined ventilation schemes, but to install them yourself, you need to consult with a specialist.
The video in this article will help you understand clearly how ventilation is arranged in a bathhouse.
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