Installation of independent or centralized system Disposal of wastewater is impossible without installing a special drainage system. The element blocks the return flow of gases into the bathrooms, acting as a connecting component between the septic tank and the atmosphere.
The technology for installing the riser is quite simple. But before you start work, you need to understand the principle of operation of the ventilation duct and understand how to properly install the vent pipe in the house. The answers to these questions are described in detail in the article.
The fan pipe is structural element, which connects the pipeline to a specially constructed ventilation duct. Its key purpose is to remove gases and odors from the sewer system.
The presence of a ventilation riser in the system ensures that there are no unpleasant loud sounds in living quarters that occur when water is drained, and the “fragrance” of sewage sewage (+)
The length and shape of this element can be arbitrary. There are models of vertical and horizontal design, beveled at right or acute angles.
The principle of operation of the vent pipe is simple. Wastewater entering vertical riser, create a vacuum in the pipeline cavity. It can be partially compensated by water, which acts as a hydraulic damper in the siphons of installed plumbing fixtures.
But if the vertically installed riser has a large length and at some point there is a one-time powerful discharge of waste liquid, then a vacuum arises in the sewer pipe.
The formed piston from the liquid with all its strength and characteristic “smacking” sound at one moment tears off and breaks through the hydraulic dampers of the plumbing, emptying the siphons.
As a result, water is completely sucked out of all water seals. Therefore, there are no obstacles left. Due to this, they quickly spread throughout the building.
This effect also occurs during rapid pumping. fecal pump content cesspool or a septic tank into the tank of a sewer truck
The trouble is that the appearance of an unpleasant “fragrance” in living rooms the matter is not limited. The natural process of decomposition of feces is accompanied by the release of gases harmful to households: methane and hydrogen sulfide.
If the system is equipped with a fan riser, at the moment of “throwing in” there are no such consequences, since the vacuum created in the collector simply does not have time to break through the hydraulic valves in the siphons.
This is prevented by flows of atmospheric air, which, simultaneously with the occurrence of vacuum, are drawn into the system, blocking the penetration of gases into the room when draining and pumping out the septic tank.
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When installing a drain pipe with a cross-section of 110 mm, the connection check valve performed using an adapter.
One of the ways to install a check valve in the cavity of a waste pipe and then connect it to the sewer outlets of the system
An important point: all operations for installing a vent pipe should be carried out on dry surfaces. At the stage of fixing the check valve, you should not use silicone sealants or any kind of lubricant.
Most often, the situation with the formation of a vacuum in the system occurs when pipes of different diameters are used in its arrangement. For example: the toilet is connected to a pipe D 110 mm, the bathtub is connected to a pipe D 50 mm, and the hole cistern– D 70 mm.
Unpleasant stench in bathrooms often appears when plumbing fixtures are equipped with siphons that have insufficient volume. This occurs due to the fact that when the devices are not used regularly, the remaining water in the siphons dries out, removing the hydraulic valve and opening up free access to the spread of “aromas”.
By correctly calculating the dimensions of the drain pipe and installing it in compliance with all installation rules, you can almost completely eliminate the possibility of accumulation and the likelihood of sewer gases entering the house. And then problems with the operation of the sewer system will definitely not arise.
Do you have practical skills in installing a ventilation drain pipe? Share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic - the contact block is located below.
Before we talk about vent pipes, you need to find out whether a vent pipe is needed in a private home. The purpose of the drain pipes is simple to explain - they are needed to connect the sewage system to the atmosphere, thereby ensuring ventilation of the system. In addition, the drain pipe equalizes the pressure in the sewerage pipeline, so the resulting vacuum does not lead to emptying of the siphons.
The need to install waste pipes directly depends on the volume of simultaneous discharge into the sewer - if it is large enough, then a pipe is definitely needed. However, this point will be discussed further. In this article we will talk about why a drain pipe is needed in the sewer system of a private house.
There is always air present in any sewer pipeline, but when drained, it begins to escape into the atmosphere and draws water from the water seals. The absence of a water seal always causes the characteristic sewer smell to enter the room.
A drain pipe in a private house simultaneously serves three purposes:
It is mandatory to install a drain pipe if the following conditions are met:
When installing a vent pipe in a private house, you need to ensure that the following rules are followed:
When installing a system with a drain pipe connection, the following rules must be observed:
There is one more point that is worth considering separately, since it is not directly related to drainage pipes, but directly relates to the operation of the sewerage system. When installing various plumbing fixtures, the following situation arises - the volume of siphons does not correspond to the characteristics of the plumbing fixtures.
All this leads to simple result: in small siphons, the water dries out too quickly, and nothing prevents the smell from entering the room, and draining from large siphons is impractical, and drain pipes are likely to simply not be able to compensate for it.
The sewer system is used to transport wastewater outside the building. In order for the sewer system to function fully, it must be equipped with ventilation - and for this, risers with vent pipes are installed. An important point: fan pipes for external sewerage cannot be equipped with various exhaust devices, such as deflectors or weather vanes.
If there are several risers in the building, it will be much easier to combine them into one system and remove them through one ventilation duct ending in a drain pipe. The design provides for the sequential installation of an oblique tee, a 45-degree elbow, another elbow and a straight tee. Well, then the ventilation pipe is brought to the roof, where it belongs.
There are a few simple rules drain pipe outlet to the roof:
In order for the fan pipeline to function efficiently, it must be additionally equipped with a check valve, which allows you to solve a number of problems:
The operation of the check valve comes down to the following points:
The check valve can be mounted on the external or internal part of the sewer system. Before installing the valve in the system, you must first clean and degrease the pipes so that the element fits well into place.
When the preparation is completed, the valve with the desired side is launched into the system, and its petals are bent towards the plumbing fixtures. When preparing pipes for valve installation, do not use different kinds lubricants - the structure must be dry at the time of installation.
Conclusion
A sewer pipe in a private house allows you to solve a number of problems associated with the operation of the sewer system. Installing a drain pipe and a check valve is not particularly difficult, and if the sewer system was installed with your own hands, then you can install these elements yourself.
In order for the drainage system to work properly, without causing inconvenience in the form of unpleasant odors, plumbing fixtures are equipped with siphons, and the sewerage system itself is equipped with a waste pipe. IN small houses You can do without this design, but sometimes it is still necessary. It is not difficult to equip a fan pipe, but you need to take into account all the requirements for it and the subtleties of installation.
This is a fairly simple device - a separate, usually straight, branch of the sewer pipeline, led vertically upward to the street and connecting the sewage system to the atmosphere.
In cottages with bathrooms on several floors, the drain pipe is a continuation of the riser, leading above the roof. In houses where the drainage system is located on one floor and does not have a riser, the drainage pipe is taken out from one of the sides of the transition unit connecting the internal network to the external one, or from the point of connection to the main line the largest number branches.
Note! The ideal shape of a vent pipe is a vertical straight line, but when installed inside a house, this vertical line will have to intersect the floors and roof, which is not always feasible. To simplify installation work you have to change the shape of the structure: make a 90-degree turn using 2-3 elbow fittings when passing through the wall and direct the pipe upward again.
The vent pipe serves for ventilation sewer network, that is, to remove gases formed in the pipeline and supply fresh air if necessary.
When moving and mixing sewage discharged into a sewage system, various volatile substances are released that have an unpleasant odor and are also hazardous to health.
Installing sewer ventilation solves the problem of gas removal, preventing gases from accumulating in the pipeline.
Note! There is another, more important purpose of the drainage pipe - maintaining the pressure balance in the drainage system.
When flushing water from a bathtub, swimming pool, or using several sinks and toilets at the same time, residents pass a large volume of liquid through the pipeline at once. In this case, the volume of air in the system turns out to be critically small and a vacuum occurs - a decrease in pressure in the network.
Waste systems consist of different types pipelines. One of the main ones is the drainage pipe for sewerage in a private house.
A sewer pipe is a pipeline branch that combines the main riser with an atmospheric pipe or a separate outlet for ventilation of the toilet. This sewer branch is used to protect the home from the penetration of unpleasant sewer odors, as well as to provide sound insulation.
There are metal ones (cast iron is used in apartments, and copper in residential buildings) and plastic (PVC) fan pipes, but plastic is more often used, because its output is more durable and easier to install. Cast iron communications have GOST 6942-98, and plastic communications have GOST 22689.2-89.
The fan pipe can be of any shape and length. She is not prerequisite for arranging a sewer system in a private house with two floors (and one bathroom), but for a small building it will be necessary.
Depending on the type of installation, there are the following types of fan pipes:
Direct ones are mounted perpendicular to the toilet; they are used in multi-storey buildings and apartments. Corner ones are used for non-standard bathroom layouts, as well as for branching sewer pipes. Vertical are used in two-story houses with several bathrooms. They help eliminate the effect of rarefaction - the disappearance of water from sinks and toilets, which causes wastewater to begin to accumulate.
The purpose of the drain pipe is to constantly monitor the amount of water in the siphons. If liquid disappears from these parts of the sewer drains, an unpleasant odor will fill the building and the pipes will become clogged. The main sewer pipe will stop working.
When to install a drain pipe:
The drain pipe for the toilet is not only additional protection drainage, but also effective sound insulation in multi-storey and private houses. It should be used if the drain blocks the sewer section.
Photo: drain pipe outlet on the roof Before installing the fan pipe, it is necessary to calculate its dimensions. For installation corrugated pipe and waste water, an outlet with a diameter of 110 mm is used. This indicator depends on what diameter it has a drain pipe. Most often, the outlet from the toilet is made with a cross-section of 75 mm, but with strong water pressure it can close, which will create some inconvenience. Therefore, for additional protection, a fan pipe of larger diameter is used.
Scheme: fan ventilation Another serious point of installation is that the drain pipe outlet must be located in a place where sewer odors will be ventilated fresh air. It is advisable to place it in an open space or directly combine it with ventilation ducts.
Video: preparation and installation of cottage sewer pipes
Basic rules for installing a flexible fan ventilation tube:
Once you have decided what vent ventilation and sound insulation are needed for, you need to start installing the pipe. To do this, you first need to prepare the work process. The water in the riser is turned off, and the pipe is cut at the intended location. Depending on the type of ventilation location, you can install the pipeline horizontally or vertically. Horizontal placement will allow not to disturb the beauty of the interior, but it is considered more complex design than vertical.
Diagram: installation of a drain pipe Afterwards, the communication with the socket is inserted into the prepared main pipeline to a certain depth. Some craftsmen use a detachable fan pipe for ease of installation. Sliding design It is allowed, if necessary, to clean the sewer system.
Regardless of what diameter of the outer or inner vent pipe was chosen, a vacuum check valve must be installed in it.
What it is? The vacuum valve or gasket is used for the following purposes:
Installing a check valve is simple but very important process installation of a sewer system. First, the water in the riser is shut off, the inside of the pipe is completely wiped and degreased with special compounds. It is very important not to lubricate it silicone sealants or adhesives - they can negatively affect the integrity of the valve.
Afterwards, a special insert is inserted into the pipe, which will subsequently serve as the basis for the fan. Then, a vacuum valve is installed. It needs to be snapped into the pipe, but make sure that the petals of the device are open and bent towards the base.
If the knee size is within 110 mm, then you must also use a special adapter. This is a box with additional outlets that will help make a tighter connection between the valve and the main line. Another option for installing the valve is directly into the pipe, then the connection is a cut pipe into which the valve is inserted along with the fan.
You can buy communications at any plumbing store; white fan pipe 75 from brands such as Mcalpine, Jimten, Plastimex, Sanmix, Viega is very popular (the price depends on the size, reinforcement and other characteristics).
If the ventilation pipeline was not originally planned for the housing, then it’s okay, it can be completed at any time. But what if it is necessary to replace the drain pipe in the apartment, because it turns out that the connection will be made into the main line?
To begin with, calculate overall size the pipeline is offset; the fan main also has its own slope. If you are replacing an old or leaky pipe, then there will be no problems with selecting the size.
Photo: fan pipes Step-by-step instruction:
At the same time, a ready-made straight vent pipe up to 75 mm can be installed on a roof with a bitumen or corrugated sheet covering on the roof. This is an excellent solution for owners two-story house with several bathrooms. average cost pipeline with a socket of 100 varies from 545 to 700 rubles.
For owners country houses Those who do a lot to improve their home with their own hands, it is useful to know some of the features of arranging water supply and sewer systems. These are the most basic engineering Communication, without which the construction of any house is indispensable.
When installing a sewer system, it is important to remember about such a device as a fan riser. What kind of device is this and what are the nuances of its installation? These and a number of other questions can be answered in our article.
The sewer riser in a private house is a part of the pipeline connecting the sewer riser with access to the open air.
Fan pipe on the roof of a private house
In the absence of this element, during wastewater treatment, a vacuum occurs in the system, the water seal is broken, and an unpleasant odor is felt in the room. Each plumbing fixture must have a drain pipe with an elbow. This bend normally contains water. It acts as a water seal, preventing unpleasant fumes from entering the house. In the event of a sudden discharge of wastewater into sewer pipes discharge occurs. Air from the street passes through the fan device into the system, and the pressure normalizes. This ensures the absence of odors.
Sometimes you can do without a fan boner. For example, in a small building consisting of one or two floors. However mandatory requirement in this case, only one bathroom is equipped.
If the house has two or more bathrooms or several toilets, then installation of a vent riser is mandatory. Its presence is determined by the following factors:
Even at the design stage, in order to install the sewer riser correctly, it is necessary to take into account two main requirements:
The ventilation structure for eliminating unpleasant odors consists of different parts:
Having understood what a fan riser is, you need to carefully study the principles of its installation. It is advisable to plan the installation of this device as soon as the development of a project for an internal sewer system begins. For ventilation to work better, you need to try to avoid bends and corners in the structure.
Fan riser output diagram
The ideal position of the air riser is exclusively vertical. This pipe is led through the ceilings between floors to the roof. However, this is not always possible to implement in practice. Often in country houses it is necessary to use additional elements for connection.
Sometimes they use the method of connecting several risers into one air duct. This can be the connection of an auxiliary riser to the main one or the removal of a waste pipe with its connection at the same distance from the two risers.
This installation method is better because it allows air pressure to be evenly distributed throughout the system.
Fan pipes on the roof of a building
One of the main rules of installation is the correctly calculated diameter. air pipe. It should not be larger than the diameter of the sewer. Moreover, the indicator of this element ideally corresponds to the size of not only the central riser, but also the pipe, which serves to connect the external and internal sewage systems.
It is also worth remembering that it is unacceptable to combine sewer ventilation with any climate control structure or outlet carbon monoxide when the heating boiler is operating.
If an air riser breaks, it is often necessary to replace it. Replacement of the structure is carried out on the same principle as the repair of individual sections of the sewer system. This process differs mainly in the material from which the pipes are made and the method of connecting them.
Fan pipe repair
To replace the fan riser, a number of conditions must be met:
The installation of the fan riser itself is not particularly difficult. Nevertheless, experts recommend following some important requirements.
It is better that the diameters of the fan pipe and the riser coincide.
Fan cast iron pipe
If the work uses a combination of several materials, for example, a plastic drain pipe and a cast iron riser, it is recommended to use a rubber adapter.
To articulate several fans, angles of 45 or 135 degrees are used. Sections of the fan system located horizontally must be laid with a slope of 0.02% in the direction of the gas exit.
If it is necessary to change the angle of direction of the pipe, use a special bend with a rotation degree of 135.
Certain criteria have been developed for air risers. During installation of the system, it is advisable to check with them:
Despite the fact that the installation of the fan system can be done independently, there are a number of nuances, knowledge of which will help to avoid serious shortcomings in the installation of the riser.
Installation of a drain pipe
Sometimes incorrectly carried out work on the equipment of the fan structure has quite unpleasant consequences.
For example, owners of country houses do not always install the drain pipe correctly, cutting the system immediately in attic. This leads to unpleasant odors leaking into the attic, which can also penetrate into the home.
Another serious drawback is the installation of a fan according to external wall. In this case, there is a risk of condensation.
Some owners prefer to install an additional device - a roof aerator.
Aerators for pitched roofs
Its function is to improve traction. However, this is not always advisable. In most cases, the following happens: the outflow of sewer gases is weaker and you can feel an unpleasant odor from the bathroom in the house.
Installation of an air riser becomes a prerequisite for proper equipment sewage system. The absence of this device leads to quite negative consequences.
Sometimes it is better to entrust pipe installation to qualified specialists. If you do not have the required number of tools or materials, you should not carry out the installation yourself. There is no point in buying necessary equipment that you are unlikely to need in the future. In addition, the arrangement of sewer systems has its own specifics. An experienced master plumber will do the job efficiently, taking into account all requirements.
In order to carry out the installation correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the pre-prepared project and perform all the necessary calculations.
An alternative option for ventilation sewer systems is considered to be vacuum valves. They are installed at the end of the sewer riser in the house itself.
Installing a vacuum valve on a sewer riser
Inside the vacuum-type valve there is a special spring with low resistance and a rubber sealing element for tightness. The operating principle of such a device is as follows:
In situations where it is not possible to install a sewer check valve on a riser, this device can be mounted on any other section of horizontal pipe supplied to the riser.
You should also pay attention to this important point, such as the presence of a hydraulic valve at each plumbing point.
Using a hydraulic valve
Otherwise unpleasant odor in the house cannot be avoided, despite the properly installed sewer system and ventilation equipment. In most modern sewerage devices There are built-in hydraulic valves.
There is a special document - a set of Construction Norms and Rules (SNiP). It is necessary to take these requirements into account. The documentation provides the conditions for the mandatory installation of vent risers:
In any case, install an air riser in country house necessary. This is the only way to consider the work of laying a sewer system to be done correctly. No one wants to put up with the presence of sewer odors in their living spaces. You can invite professionals to install the fan pipes, or you can try to cope with this task yourself.
