To the question, what did the symbol on Hitler's flag mean? given by the author Vlad the best answer is Is that a swastika?
Swastika 卐 (Sanskrit स्वस्तिक from Sanskrit स्वस्ति, svasti, greeting, wish of good luck) - a cross with curved ends (“rotating”), directed either clockwise (this is the movement of the earth around the sun) or counterclockwise (this is the movement of the sun around the earth, from east to west). The swastika is one of the most ancient and widespread graphic symbols. “The swastika symbol crystallizes from the diamond-meander design, which first appeared in the Upper Paleolithic, and then inherited by almost all the peoples of the world.” Elders archaeological finds with the image of a swastika date back to approximately 25-23 millennium BC (Mizyn, Ukraine; Kostenki, Russia).
The swastika was used by many peoples of the world - it was present on weapons, everyday items, clothing, banners and coats of arms, and was used in the decoration of churches and houses.
The swastika as a symbol has many meanings; among most peoples they were positive (before the era of fascism). For most ancient peoples, the swastika was a symbol of the movement of life, the Sun, light, and prosperity.
Swastika reflects main view movement in the Universe - rotational with its derivative - translational and is capable of symbolizing philosophical categories.
In the 20th century, the swastika (German: Hakenkreuz) became known as a symbol of Nazism and Hitler's Germany, and in Western culture it is steadily associated with the Hitlerite regime and ideology.
Answer from European[guru]
The swastika is a symbol of eternity...
Answer from Alexander Ivanov[newbie]
It is a rectangular panel of red color. There is a white circle in the center of the flag. It contains an image of a black swastika. The colors of the Nazi flag repeated the colors of the flag of Germany during the Second Reich. However, the interpretation of these colors was different. Thus, the color red signified the social idea of the Nazi movement, White color– ideas of nationalism, swastika – energy and creative development people. The swastika may have been transferred to the flag from the emblem of the Thule Society, a radical nationalist organization that was most active in the 1920s. 1930s The society was created after World War I, then collaborated with the National Workers' Party (of which A. Hitler was a member) and subsequently merged with the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. There is information that A. Hitler took a personal part in the development of the design of the flag. The historical interpretation of the swastika is different, as are the places of its distribution - from Siberia to America. There are several hypotheses regarding the meaning of this image - a symbol of the center of the world, a solar sign, a symbol of thunder, universal fire, etc. The origin of the swastika is lost in the darkness of centuries, but it is traditionally believed that it came from India. However, the widespread use of this symbol in different regions indicates otherwise. In the period 1933-1935. the flag with a swastika was used as a state flag along with the black-white-red tricolor of the Second Reich.
Answer from Benefit[active]
the wheel of life or eternity, but among the Nazis the symbol is turned in reverse. .
Answer from Sleep it off[guru]
4 letters "G" in Russian. Homer (from the cartoon), Hamadryas, Guantanamo, Mushrooms_from_Holland. This is a very smart four...
Blutfahne is translated from German as “bloody flag”. This paraphernalia of the Third Reich was indeed associated with blood from its very inception. It became a real shrine of the Nazis.
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), which appeared in Germany in 1920, created a banner with a design of a black swastika in a white circle on a red background. In the summer of 1921, Adolf Hitler, who became the head of this party, ordered all party cells to use this flag at all party meetings, rallies and demonstrations.
How did the banner become “bloody”?
In 1923, National Socialist stormtroopers organized the so-called “Beer Hall Putsch.” It was named so because on November 8, the Nazis tried to carry out a coup in Munich, seizing Prime Minister Gustav von Kahr and several other senior government officials in the Burgerbraukeller beer hall.
Hitler stood with a beer mug at the door of the hall. He told the three thousand people who came to listen to the prime minister that the Bavarian government had been overthrown and the hall was surrounded by 600 NSDAP stormtroopers. The captured government members were released under honestly. Once in a safe place, they retracted their statements, which were made under threat of murder. The National Socialists were outlawed.
The next day the Nazis went to the cabinet. The column moved under flags with swastikas. Police units initially let them through. Hitler offered to surrender to the police, but was refused, after which shooting began. And then small disagreements begin in the legend. According to one version, Heinrich Trambauer, carrying a banner with a swastika, was wounded in the stomach, so he dropped the standard to the ground. The German merchant Andreas Bauriedl, who was standing in front, was mortally wounded and fell on the flag. The red Nazi banner was covered in blood and was picked up by one of the stormtroopers, hidden under his shirt and later handed over.
Another version claims that Trumbauer himself pressed the flag to the wound, hid it with his friend Zellinger, and returned a few days later and took it away. Karl Eggers found it and handed it over to his Munich friend Grf. He kept it for several months, then it somehow got to the widow Victoria Edrich and only after that it returned to Eggers.
Be that as it may, the fact remains that Hitler was arrested, and when he came out of prison, Eggers handed him a banner. They claim that there was a hole left on the panel from a bullet.
Artist Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an artist, so he understood that an ordinary piece of material with a pattern applied to it would not evoke awe - this requires appropriate design. The head of the party made the flagpole and top with his own hands. Under the pommel, he placed a silver ball with the names of fellow party members who died in the putsch engraved on it.
Hitler was also a master at creating rituals. He knew how important it was to instill respect for the symbols in the party members, so at all party congresses he held a ceremony to dedicate new banners, starting in 1926, when the first eight banners were “blessed”. Driving in a car past rows of stormtroopers, he clutched the “bloody banner” in his left hand, as if passing on a piece of blood. Since 1933, the ritual has been accompanied by fireworks.
The relic was kept in Munich, at the headquarters of the NSDAP, protected by a guard of honor. Trumbauer and Grimminger became the official standard bearers, but the former received a skull injury in a street fight, which damaged his psyche. Thus, the flag remained with one standard bearer.
It is believed that since Adolf hated mentally ill people, it was he who edited the version with blood on the banner - in fact, the shrine cannot be stained with the blood of a mentally ill person.
The mystery of the disappearance of Blutfahne
The last public appearance of the “blood flag” in public occurred in 1944. He was carried out at the funeral of Adolf Wagner, the Gauleiter of Munich, loyal to Nazi ideology.
It is unknown where the banner disappeared after this event. Grimminger always answered reporters that he had no idea where Hitler’s bloody attribute of power was located.
Some believe that the “bloody banner” burned down in 1945 in a Munich building located at Brienner Strasse 45, in the so-called “brown house”, the headquarters of the Nazis, which was badly damaged by bombing.
Other researchers believe that the flag is kept in one of the private collections. Here too, opinions differ. From time to time, photographs of people against the background of the banner, taken in the USA, Germany and other countries, pop up. But still, there is no real evidence that these banners are the same Blutfahne.
Everyone knows about the Victory Parade that took place on June 24, 1945. Everyone also remembers the famous newsreels and numerous photographs of 200 German flags and standards captured as trophies Soviet troops, were thrown to the foot of Lenin's mausoleum. But few people know about future fate these trophies. There are many legends about this. Some say that the flags were burned along with the platform on which they were thrown, others claim that they personally saw photographs of this. Still others know for sure where these flags were kept, while others saw them with their own eyes in our time. To shed some light on this little known fact and this short article was born.
According to the memoirs of the former Chief of the General Staff, General Shtemenko, the idea of German flags belonged, naturally, to Stalin. Allegedly, at the end of May 1945, he gave instructions to the generals: “Hitler’s banners must be brought to the parade and thrown in shame at the feet of the victors. Think about how to do it." The parade scriptwriters had to urgently do historical research. As a result, our soldiers, carrying fascist banners, had to perform complex formation changes that were still used by legionnaires Ancient Rome. And the idea of “public execution” of enemy banners was borrowed from the great commander Alexander Suvorov, in whose troops there was a ritual of “disregard not for the enemy, but for his defeated military distinctions.”
For the battalion's parade box it was necessary to have 200 military banners and standards. However, the military did not have such a number of captured flags at their disposal. It should be noted that in the Third Reich, banners were awarded from 1936 to 1939, one per battalion, squadron or battery. Units formed during the war no longer received banners. The exception was the Fuhrer's guard battalion, which received a banner (standard) on September 30, 1939. Moreover, on August 28, 1944, Hitler ordered the removal of all banners and military flags from front-line zones to Wehrmacht museums. Thus, the Red Army did not have the opportunity to capture the enemy’s battle flags, even in the event of encirclement and defeat of enemy military units.
A way out of the situation was found by SMERSH employees, who kept records and control of both army regalia and museum valuables taken as “reparations”. 900 banners were “borrowed” from museums in Berlin and Dresden, as well as from trophies collected by SMERSH units. They were brought and stored in the gym of the Lefortovo barracks. From these, a special commission selected 200 banners and standards for the parade. They were selected according to their shape and “beauty”. As a result, about 20 banners of military units from other historical periods ended up on Red Square, including two Prussian cavalry standards from 1860 and 1890, as well as a banner people's militia 1860s. Many standards were not related to the Wehrmacht, but belonged to various divisions of the Nazi party, public organizations or were they just state flags Third Reich. However, they had a colorful appearance and suitable size. So the flags of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, the German Labor Front, the Imperial Labor Service, and the Hitler Youth were included in the parade. Since at that time there were simply no specialists who understood the intricacies of Nazi symbols, therefore it is pointless to present any claims to them today. For the selected banners for the parade, SMERSH compiled lists that have survived to this day, and indicate that a number of banners were attributed military units, which never existed in nature. There is an opinion that the list was compiled based on the inscriptions on the banner brackets, and not on the flags. At least, only 20 banners participating in the parade can be reliably identified, thanks to photographs of the first rank of the parade battalion.
During the “public execution” of enemy flags, another symbolic action was used, which is still “savored” by journalists, memorialists and writers on military topics. Allegedly, the front-line soldiers, some of whom were among the standard bearers, flatly refused to pick up the banners of the “lepers,” and in order to find a consensus with them, the entire battalion was given gloves. Yes, not simple ones, but leather ones, Brown due under the charter. But leather of this color was not found in the entire Union; it had to be urgently imported by plane from abroad. Whether this is true or not, in the photographs all the standard bearers are wearing gloves. Leather or not, you can’t tell.
According to the parade scenario, Nazi flags were to be thrown into designated places to the left and right of the mausoleum onto the bare asphalt. Today there is a version (you can easily find it on the Internet) that they threw the banners onto a special wooden platform so as not to desecrate the asphalt, and then they burned the flags along with it. True, the photographs clearly show that there is no platform. Eyewitnesses and participants also do not remember him. And the account they burned is already obvious nonsense. If they were burning, they would have taken photographs, otherwise, why organize an action if not for PR. But there is not a single photograph. And secondly, some of the allegedly burned flags still exist today.
There were also "eyewitnesses" who saw how the battalion of standard bearers took off their gloves and threw them into special boxes, which were later burned outside the city. There is, of course, no evidence to the contrary, but it is hard to believe that in a post-war country, where trousers were in short supply, soldiers would burn such foreign goods. If they themselves were disdainful of wearing it, they could easily exchange it for something substantial. There was no time for “fat” at that time.
After the parade,” recalls Elena Anisimova, senior researcher at the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (CMAF), “about 500 captured banners, according to the inventory, were transferred to the Central Museum of the Red Army. “These were not only Wehrmacht banners, but also state and party flags fascist Germany. In the 50-60s, by decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, they were transferred to representatives of the GDR (more than 100 banners), to the museums of the Bulgarian People's Army and the Polish Army. And in the early 90s - to US museums (about 10 units),” the curator concludes her story.
According to some reports, some of the Nazi flags and standards ended up in the Theater Soviet army. Subsequently, they, too, were allegedly transferred to the Central Military District, but no documentary evidence of this was found.
Nowadays, 200 flags and standards of the Third Reich are part of the Banner Fund of the Central Military District, most of which are stored in storage rooms. Which part of them is genuine and which part has been replaced with dummies and copies is unknown, since storing banners is a very troublesome business and they break down very quickly, which is why they are vacuumed once every few years. In addition, the demand for such German Nazi paraphernalia on the black market is very, very high.
Based on materials from the sites: http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru; https://www.crimea.kp.ru; https://kv-bear.livejournal.com; http://www.naslednick.ru; http://inosmi.ru.
See also publication
Today the German flag is known for its rectangular shape, which consists of black, red and gold stripes. All these stripes are located horizontally, everyone who looks at such a flag will unmistakably declare that this is the flag of the famous state of Germany. However, the appearance german flag originates in the distant past, starting with the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. And it is a fact that the predecessor of the modern German flag became none other than the coat of arms and flag of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation.
Up to and including 1410, the coat of arms depicted an eagle with a red beak and talons on a golden background. Together with the black and gold combination it formed imperial coat of arms. The same eagle, from 1410 to 1806, symbolized imperial and royal power. As you know, the family coat of arms of the Habsburgs was a red lion depicted on a golden shield, and their colors on the coat of arms were red and yellow. In 1273, Count Rudolf 1 of Habsburg became Holy Roman Emperor of the German nation. It was he who first connected the Habsburg family coat of arms. Over time, each subsequent emperor put the flags of his subject states on the shield. When the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation ceased to exist in 1806, the last emperor was the Austrian. He helped ensure that the image of a black double-headed eagle on a gold color was preserved on the coat of arms. As for the color of the coat of arms, the black and gold color has been preserved. Until 1918, these colors remained the dynastic colors of Habsburg Austria-Hungary.
In 1795, France occupied the territory of several small states along the left bank of the Rhine River. After a series of agreements, the Cisrain Republic was formed. It should be noted that this republic did not last long. Two years later, these lands came under final French rule. In this territory the departments of Rhine and Moselle, Mont-Tonnerre and Sarre were reorganized. In 1801, on February 9, the current Holy Roman Emperor fully recognized French power in the annexed territory of the left bank of the Rhine. Its flags had red, white and green horizontal colors.
However, in 1806, July 12th happened historical event. Under the ultimatum of Napoleon 1, as many as sixteen small states immediately decided to withdraw from the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. As a result, the Confederation of the Rhineland was formed. In this case, Napoleon became her patron. Twenty-three more states followed this example in 1808. However, after Napoleon's defeat in 1813, this alliance disintegrated, but the colors of the flag of the Confederation of the Rhine continued to be maintained.
The German Confederation was formed on June 8, 1815. Initially it consisted of 39 states, but in 1866 only 32 remained. On March 9, 1848, a flag with the colors of black, red and gold was officially adopted in Frankfurt am Main. Thus, the German Confederation was a continuation of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. However, as a result of the Austro-Prussian War on the twenty-third of August, the German Confederation ceased to exist in 1866, it dissolved in Augsburg. What happened next?
As a result of the war in 1867, twenty-one German states united with Prussia. As a result, the North German Confederation was formed. While under Prussian rule, Chancellor Count von Bismarck-Schönhausen insisted that the North German Confederation have the flag colors of black, white and red. Why is this so? The fact is that white and red are the colors of Prussia. But white and red are the colors of the coat of arms and flag of the Hanseatic cities. This idea completely appealed to King Wilhelm of Prussia. The flag simultaneously combined the colors of Prussia and Brandenburg. What he liked most was that the flag lacked the gold or yellow color that both the Russian Romanovs and the Habsburgs had. Oddly enough, supporters of the black-red-gold color did not object. They, on the contrary, believed that the most important thing was the unity of the German nation, and it didn’t matter what flag they would fly under. However, times of change were coming.
Times of change came when the South German states of Hesse, Würtmeberg, Baden and Bavaria joined the North German Confederation in 1870 on November 25th. Already on December 10 of the same year, this union was renamed German Empire. However, this did not affect the colors of the flag in any way. As before, they remained black, white and red.
After the defeat of Germany in the First World War, as well as the November Revolution, a military constituent assembly was assembled. This event took place on August 11, 1919 in the city of Weimar. It was here that the decision was made to create the German Republic. It was established that the flag would remain unchanged with the colors black, red and gold.
In 1933, on the twelfth of March, the flag underwent changes again. The then President Peil von Hindenburg made a decision that stated that the swastika would now be flown along with the black, white and red flag. This decision was due to the fact that these flags connected the past German state and its modern energy revival. Now only the military flag was flown at all institutions.
Already in 1935, namely on the fifteenth of September, it was announced that this particular flag was national and state. At the same time, it was believed that the national and state, and also military, flag was black-white-red with a swastika.
According to Hitler's project, on October 5, 1935, a new flag was approved, which in its design was a bit like a military flag. It had a base of red cloth and a swastika.
However, as such, the state of Germany ceased to exist in 1945 on the twenty-third of May. This was due to the military surrender of the armed forces. The entire territory of Germany was divided into four occupation parts.
After the end of World War II, the occupation authorities completely banned the use of any German flag. Accordingly, all occupation zones were left without a flag as such. To distinguish German naval vessels and boats, the “Charlie” flag was used until 1951.
Charlie Flag
The historical event took place in Bonn on May 8, 1949. Then, the Parliamentary Council, consisting of all representatives of the occupation zones of Great Britain, the USA and France, met and decided on the Basic Law of Germany. Accordingly, it was decided that now the federal flag of Germany will be black, red and gold. As a result, for the first time since 1933, a flag of this color combination was flown on German territory.
Came into force on May 23, 1949 new law. Already in 1950, on the seventh of June, the standard of the German flag was fully established. At the same time, its exact dimensions, shades and the ratio of each strip were indicated. These colors were required to be worn by all commercial ships on December 8th 1951. Already in 1996, it was allowed to use the federal flag with the same colors, only in a vertical form.
In 1996, the standard of the federal presidential flag was confirmed without any changes. It depicted a soaring eagle facing the shaft. It was on a gold-colored rectangle with a red border.
This flag has not been changed since 1950. Also this year, the flag for federal institutions. Which also had a soaring eagle facing the shaft. Only its background consisted of horizontal colors of black, red and gold. So, as you can see, the German flag has undergone many changes throughout the history of its existence. As a result, it regained its original colors, although over its history it was at risk of complete extinction.
Half a century has passed since the end of the Second World War, but the two letters SS (more precisely, of course, SS) are still synonymous for most with horror and terror. Thanks to the mass production of Hollywood and the Soviet film factories that tried to keep up with it, almost all of us are familiar with the uniforms of the SS men and their emblem with a death's head. But the actual history of the SS is much more complex and multifaceted. In it one can find heroism and cruelty, nobility and meanness, selflessness and intrigue, deep scientific interests and a passionate craving for the ancient knowledge of distant ancestors.
The head of the SS, Himmler, who sincerely believed that the Saxon king Henry I “Birdcatcher”, the founder of the First Reich, elected in 919 as king of all Germans, was spiritually reincarnated in him. In one of his speeches in 1943 he said:
“Our order will enter the future as a union of the elite, uniting the German people and all of Europe around itself. It will give the world leaders of industry, Agriculture, as well as political and spiritual leaders. We will always obey the law of elitism, choosing the superior and discarding the inferior. If we cease to follow this fundamental rule, we thereby condemn ourselves to and disappear from the face of the earth like any other human organization."
His dreams, as we know, were not destined to come true for completely different reasons. WITH youth Himmler showed an increased interest in “the ancient heritage of our ancestors.” Associated with the Thule Society, he was fascinated by the pagan culture of the Germans and dreamed of its revival - of the time when it would replace the “foul-smelling Christianity.” In the intellectual depths of the SS, a new “moral” was being developed, based on pagan ideas.
Himmler considered himself the founder of a new pagan order that was “destined to change the course of history,” to carry out a “cleansing of the rubbish accumulated over millennia” and return humanity to “the path prepared by Providence.” In connection with such grandiose plans for a “return,” it is not surprising that the ancient . On the uniforms of the SS men they were distinguished, testifying to the elitism and sense of camaraderie that reigns in the organization. Since 1939, they went to war singing a hymn that included the following line: "We are all ready for battle, we are inspired by the runes and the death's head."
According to the Reichsführer SS, the runes were to play a special role in the symbolism of the SS: on his personal initiative, within the framework of the Ahnenerbe program - the Society for the Study and Dissemination cultural heritage ancestors" - the Institute of Runic Writing was established. Until 1940, all recruits of the SS Order underwent mandatory instruction regarding runic symbolism. By 1945, 14 main runic symbols were used in the SS. The word "rune" means "secret script". Runes represent the basis alphabets carved on stone, metal and bone, and which became widespread mainly in pre-Christian Northern Europe among the ancient Germanic tribes.
"...The great gods - Odin, Ve and Willi carved a man from an ash tree and a woman from a willow. The eldest of Bor's children, Odin, breathed soul into people and gave life. To give them new knowledge, Odin went to Utgard, the Land of Evil , to the World Tree. There he tore out his eye and brought it to , but this seemed not enough to the Guardians of the Tree. Then he gave his life - he decided to die in order to be resurrected. For nine days he hung on a branch, pierced by a spear. Each of the eight nights of Initiation revealed new ones to him secrets of existence. On the ninth morning, Odin saw rune-letters inscribed on the stone under him. His mother’s father, the giant Belthorn, taught him to cut and paint runes, and the World Tree began to be called from then on - Yggdrasil..."
This is how the Snorrian Edda (1222-1225) talks about the acquisition of runes by the ancient Germans, perhaps the only full review the heroic epic of the ancient Germans, based on the legends, prophecies, spells, sayings, cults and rituals of the Germanic tribes. In the Edda, Odin was revered as the god of war and the patron of the dead heroes of Valhalla. He was also considered a necromancer.
The famous Roman historian Tacitus, in his book “Germania” (98 BC), described in detail how the Germans were engaged in predicting the future using runes.
Each rune had a name and a magical meaning that went beyond purely linguistic boundaries. The design and composition changed over time and acquired magical significance in Teutonic astrology. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. The runes were remembered by various "folkish" (folk) groups that spread in Northern Europe. Among them was the Thule Society, which played a significant role in the early days of the Nazi movement.
SWASTIKA is the Sanskrit name for the sign depicting a hook cross (among the ancient Greeks this sign, which became known to them from the peoples of Asia Minor, was called “tetraskele” - “four-legged”, “spider”). This sign was associated with the cult of the Sun among many peoples and was found already in the Upper Paleolithic era and even more often in the Neolithic era, primarily in Asia (according to other sources, the oldest image of the swastika was discovered in Transylvania, it dates back to the late Stone Age; swastika found in the ruins of the legendary Troy, this is the Bronze Age). Already from the 7th-6th centuries BC. e. it enters into symbolism, where it signifies the secret doctrine of the Buddha. The swastika is reproduced on the oldest coins of India and Iran (BC penetrates from there to); V Central America also known among peoples as a sign indicating the circulation of the Sun. In Europe, the spread of this sign dates back to a relatively late time - the Bronze and Iron Ages. During the era of migration of peoples, he penetrates through the Finno-Ugric tribes into the north of Europe, Scandinavia and the Baltic, and becomes one of the supreme Scandinavian god Odin (Wotan in Germanic mythology), which suppressed and absorbed the previous solar (solar) cults. Thus, the swastika, as one of the varieties of the image of the solar circle, was practically found in all parts of the world, as a solar sign served as an indication of the direction of rotation of the Sun (from left to right) and was also used as a sign of well-being, “turning away from the left side.”
It was precisely because of this that the ancient Greeks, who learned about this sign from the peoples of Asia Minor, changed the turn of their “spider” to the left and at the same time changed its meaning, turning it into a sign of evil, decline, death, since for them it was “alien” . Since the Middle Ages, the swastika was completely forgotten and was only occasionally found as a purely ornamental motif without any meaning or meaning.
Only in the late XIX century, probably based on the erroneous and hasty conclusion of some German archaeologists and ethnographers that the swastika sign can be an indicator for identifying Aryan peoples, since it is allegedly found only among them, in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century they began to use the swastika as an anti-Semitic sign (for the first time in 1910), although later, in the late 20s, the works of English and Danish archaeologists were published, who discovered the swastika not only in territories inhabited by Semitic peoples (in Mesopotamia and Palestine), but also directly on Hebrew sarcophagi.
For the first time, the swastika was used as a political sign-symbol on March 10-13, 1920 on the helmets of militants of the so-called “Erhard Brigade”, which formed the core of the “Volunteer Corps” - a monarchical paramilitary organization under the leadership of generals Ludendorff, Seeckt and Lützow, who carried out the Kapp putsch - counter-revolutionary a coup that installed the landowner W. Kapp as “premier” in Berlin. Although the Social Democratic government of Bauer fled ignominiously, the Kapp putsch was liquidated in five days by the 100,000-strong German Army created under the leadership of the German Communist Party. The authority of militaristic circles was then greatly undermined, and from that time on the swastika symbol began to mean a sign of right-wing extremism. Since 1923, on the eve of Hitler’s “Beer Hall Putsch” in Munich, the swastika has become the official emblem of Hitler’s fascist party, and since September 1935 - the main state emblem of Hitler’s Germany, included in its coat of arms and flag, as well as in the emblem of the Wehrmacht - an eagle holding in its claws wreath with swastika.
Only a swastika standing on an edge at 45°, with the ends directed to the right, can fit the definition of “Nazi” symbols. This very sign was on the state banner of National Socialist Germany from 1933 to 1945, as well as on the emblems of the civil and military services of this country. It is also advisable to call it not “swastika”, but Hakenkreuz, as the Nazis themselves did. The most accurate reference books consistently distinguish between the Hakenkreuz ("Nazi swastika") and the traditional swastikas in Asia and America, which stand at a 90° angle on the surface.
Symbols of the Third Reich
https://site/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ger-axn-150x150.png
Half a century has passed since the end of the Second World War, but the two letters SS (more precisely, of course, SS) are still synonymous for most with horror and terror. Thanks to the mass production of Hollywood and the Soviet film factories that tried to keep up with it, almost all of us are familiar with the black uniforms of the SS men and their emblem with a death's head. But the actual history of the SS is significantly...
