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Many countries estimate HIV infection as main problem in the formation of a healthy nation throughout the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as public awareness of the dangers of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines in which country the incidence of HIV (AIDS) is highest.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth in the 21st century depend on this indicator. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing the appropriate test, which indicates that the government is interested in the health of its population. IN Russian Federation Every year, every working person is required to take a test to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, you must document your HIV-negativity. But in Europe this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which is valid for 3 months.

Countries are divided into 3 levels based on the number of HIV-infected people:

1. States in which the AIDS pathogen is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexuals, drug addicts who use intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Türkiye. These countries have a high rate of infected people per 100 thousand population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
2. The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, there is a high degree of possibility of infection in people who have a lot of sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Similar regions include countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of retrovirus infections, which ranges from 20 to 50 patients per 100 thousand population.
3. In China, Japan, Nigeria, and Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here the disease is considered imported and is observed most often in prostitutes and people who use their services. These countries have a low infection rate, which ranges from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Great danger to the population Globe represent countries intensively infected with HIV. Statistics from such countries show that the incidence of immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that the country is either not fighting AIDS, or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous in terms of transmission HIV countries s. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

1. SOUTH AFRICA. It has the highest degree of infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million AIDS patients here. The state has a mortality rate from HIV of about 1 million people per year, 15% of the total number of citizens are infected.
2. India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality index from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
3. Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics indicate 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus of 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population is infected with this pathogen.
4. Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have a mortality rate from immunodeficiency of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
5. USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality rate of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
6. Russia. There are 0.98 million people living with HIV in Russia. The mortality rate from AIDS reaches a level of slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 city residents is infected with the retrovirus.
7. Uzbekistan. 32,743 people are affected by the infection in Uzbekistan. Of these, 57% are men.
8. Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 are women and 95 are men.
9. United Arab Emirates. IN Lately The detection of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV infections in Kazakhstan account for 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number, infected men make up 69%, women - 31%. Although females make up a smaller share among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in HIV (AIDS) treatment in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

reduction in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of people living with HIV in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of infected people and the appointment of adequate treatment for initial stages diseases. This helps reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are infected with HIV in the USA? In America, immunodeficiency is more common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection living in the United States. But high level medical care allows you to take good care of such patients, making their life the same as that of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet achieved epidemic status, but growing rates indicate the possibility of rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine to prevent it, and only self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a long-distance sailor. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he is already in hometown was hospitalized with Pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of the immune system. The examination revealed human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other end of the country and change their last names so that ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually increasing, violating standard indicators of public health and reducing its working capacity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with the retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while AIDS mortality in the Russian Federation remains stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation with HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

1. Religiosity.
2. Population of the region.
3. Economic significance.
4. Quality of medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure is in the Ural Federal District. The incidence rate is the highest numerically among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100 thousand population.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100 thousand citizens. Volga Federal District - 424 patients for the same number of population.

Among all federal districts of the country, the North Caucasus Federal District has the lowest indicator, here the level is 58 people per 100 thousand population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people suffer from HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the Northwestern region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100 thousand population.

The number of HIV and AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing upward every year, so only prevention measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to standards for the treatment of immunodeficiency, the state program for detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has decreased slightly. The rate of births of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of the retrovirus in pregnant women and the provision of correct and effective treatment to them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts indicate that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But upon closer examination, it turns out that the number of citizens examined is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to basic personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. Need to know that the best means protection against retrovirus infection are barrier contraceptives and sterile instruments.

Reading time: 8 min.

According to the report, announced at the 5th international conference on HIV, which took place in the Russian capital, a list was formed of the top 10 countries by the number of AIDS patients. AIDS is such a common disease for these powers that it has been given the status of an epidemic. AIDS develops against the background of HIV infection. AIDS – last stage HIV infection, which develops with the spread of infection, is manifested by the appearance of tumors, weakened immunity and, ultimately, leads to death.

With a total population of 14 million citizens, the number of people infected reaches 1.2 million. It is not at all surprising that few Zambians surpass the 38-year mark, which is the average life expectancy in this country.

2016 was one of the saddest years for Russians in terms of the number of people suffering from AIDS. More than one million people have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (according to the data of the Russian Health Committee). But according to the EECAAC report, this figure is much higher – 1.4 million. Moreover, this indicator is growing more and more every year. Just think about it - every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg suffers from AIDS. In the Russian Federation, the majority of patients were infected while taking drugs intravenously. This type of infection is not typical for any other country.

For what reason do Russians have to put up with such statistics? According to experts, the reason for this is the withdrawal of methadone, which was taken orally, instead of an intravenously administered drug. Most people mistakenly believe that if a drug addict is infected, then it is only his problem. It’s not so scary when the “scum of society” gets a disease from which he will eventually die. But we forget that a person who is addicted to drugs is not a monster; he can live a very ordinary life for a long time. You won’t be able to spot him in a crowd at one glance; at first, drug addicts live a very ordinary life. And it is for this reason that their spouses and children often become infected. There are cases when people become infected in clinics and beauty salons after instruments were poorly disinfected. Until people realize the realities of the impending threat, until young people stop assessing their partners by eye, until the regulatory authorities change their position towards drug addicts, Russia will rise in this ranking faster and faster.

Almost 7% of the total number of citizens of this country are infected with AIDS; if converted into an exact figure, it is 1.4 million people. It is noteworthy that the female part of the population is more infected than the male part, due to the fact that Kenya is famous for its low social level women. Maybe it's very important aspect is the free nature of women from Kenya - they very easily agree to intimate relationships.

More than 5% of this country's population suffers from AIDS, out of a total population of 49 million. When translated into exact numbers, the number of infected people is 1.5 million. In addition, there are regions in the country in which the level of the population suffering from HIV is more than 10%, for example, Dar es Salaam, fortunately, it is too far from tourist routes.

The president of this state is making superhuman efforts to combat the threat of AIDS. This is reflected in the statistical reports - from 2011 to 2015, the number of children already born with HIV fell from 28 to 3.4 thousand. Infections among adults have decreased by half. Twenty-four-year-old King Toro (Toro is a region of Uganda) decided to take control of the spread of the epidemic and completely stop AIDS by 2030. Today, 1.5 million people are infected with HIV in the country.

Unfortunately, this beautiful country cannot cope with this terrible disease on its own and more than 10% (1.5 million citizens) are already infected with AIDS. Approximately 0.7 million children are left without parents because their parents died from HIV.

Of the thirteen million citizens of this country, more than 1.6 million people are infected. Several factors led to such deplorable indicators: prostitution, which is still not controlled by the government, citizens do not know the basics about contraceptives, and the ineradicable poverty of the population.

According to official data, more than two million people are infected in India, and if we take it in fact, this figure will be an order of magnitude higher. Indians are a rather private people, and for this reason, they remain silent about their problems in the health sector. Nobody talks to young people about AIDS; the topic of sex and contraceptives at school is an unspoken taboo. Therefore, there is total illiteracy in aspects related to contraception, which significantly distinguishes India from Africa, where it is very easy to buy a condom. According to statistical surveys, more than 60% of the female population have never heard of HIV.

Of the 146 million citizens, 3.4 million people suffer from HIV/AIDS, which is just under 5% of the total. Basically, there are more infections among the female population than among the male population. Due to the lack of free healthcare, Nigeria's poor suffer the most.

South Africa tops the list of countries with the highest incidence of AIDS. More than 15% of citizens suffer from HIV (6.3 million), 25% of high school girls are already infected. Few people live to be 45 in this country. It’s hard to imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Sounds scary, doesn't it? Although South Africa is considered the most economically developed country in Africa, a huge part of its citizens are on the brink of poverty. The President is trying his best to stop the spread of HIV - the public is provided with free contraceptives and tests. But the poor part of the population still believes that HIV was invented by whites, like contraceptives, and therefore it is better to stay away from them. On the border with South Africa Swaziland is a country with a population of more than 1.2 citizens. 50% of these countries are infected. On average, a Swazi citizen lives to a maximum of 37 years of age.

At the beginning of 2017 the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people (in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected people, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN ). And according to calculations international organization UNAIDS in Russia there are already more than 1,500,700 HIV-infected people (!), moreover, according to calculations by American and Swiss scientists in Russia now (December 2017) lives more than 2 million patients with HIV infection ( published in the journal PLOS Medicine).

Of them died By various reasons(not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected(according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients”) ( 1 million people died in the world in 2016 ). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of July 01, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in 1st half of 2017 already died 14,631 HIV-infected people, that 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Affection rate population of the Russian Federation with HIV infection in 2017 made up 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016 It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world ), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly identified cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

HIV prevalence in countries around the world by the number of HIV-infected people living in them.

64% of all new HIV diagnoses in Europe occur in Russia. Every hour in Russia there are 10 new HIV-infected people.

The number of HIV in the CIS countries, the Baltics

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries estimate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for some money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there are hardly any enough money for HIV screening of the population. In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected guest workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation)/.

The growth rate of HIV in Russia (according to UNAIDS, the international organization to fight AIDS).

Rapid growth of HIV infection in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Dynamics of HIV spread in the world.

Comparison of the growth of HIV-infected people in the European region with and without the Russian Federation.

Russia's contribution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the European region.

Behind 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Behind 9 months of 2017 detected in Russia 65 200 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation, for 11 months 2017- registered 85 thousand new cases of HIV infection, observed exceeding the long-term average indicators for HIV - by 43.4%(49,7%000 versus 34.6%000).

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017 year (but general level incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

The growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016 and including 2017 by morbidity rate in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1 876 HIV-infected people. For 10 months of 2017 detected in the Kemerovo region 4,727 new HIV-infected (indicator incidence - 174.5 per 100 thousand of us.) ( honorable 1st place)
2. Irkutsk region (163,6%000 — 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. Incidence in 10 months 2017 - 134.0 per 100 t.n. ( 3 228 newly diagnosed HIV-infected) Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV. (honorable 2nd place )
3. Samara Region (161,5%000 — 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 10 months of 2017 - 2,698 people (84,2% 000) . Every hundredth resident of the Samara region is infected with HIV!
4. Sverdlovsk region (156,9%000 — 6,790 HIV-infected), morbidity in 10 months 2017 - 128.1 per 100 thousand, i.e. 5 546 new HIV-infected people. In the city Yekaterinburg, 1,372 were identified in 2016 HIV-infected (94.2%000), for 10 months 2017 years - AIDS has already been identified in the “capital of AIDS” 1 347 “pluses” (the incidence of HIV infection in 2017 in the city was 92,5% 000 ).
5. Chelyabinsk region (154,0%000 — 5 394 HIV-infected),
6. Tyumen region (150,5%000 — 2,224 people), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is among the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic, 1.1% of the population is infected with HIV. Morbidity in 9 months 2017 — 110.2 people per 100 thousand population. ( honorable 3rd place). Z and 10 months of 2017 revealed 1 614 HIV-infected people, incl. 5 teenagers.
7. Tomsk region (138,0%000 — 1,489 people),
8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) areas ( 3 786 people), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people. Morbidity in 9 months 2017 - 108.3 per 100 t.n. — 3 010 people infected with HIV (for 10 months of 2017 - 3,345 people) (on 4th place came out).
9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people),
10. Perm region (125.1%000 — 3,294 people). Morbidity in 10 months 2017 - 126.2 per 100 t.n. — 3 322 HIV+, up 13.1% compared to the previous year. ( on 5th place got up)
11. Altai region(114,1%000 — 2,721 people) the edges,
12. Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region— Yugra (124.7%000 — 2,010 people, every 92nd resident is infected),
13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7% 000).
14. Omsk region (110,3%000 — 2,176 people), over 8 months of 2017, 1360 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.
15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people),
16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9% 000).
17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people),
18. Nizhny Novgorod Region (71,1%000 — 2,309 people) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9% 000).
19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 — 1,943 people),
20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people),
22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9% 000).
23. Moscow (62,2 % 000 — 7,672 people)

% 000 - the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Table No. 1. The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP 15).

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

Most significant growth(speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol region, Astrakhan region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by year (1987-2016).

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection registered in all regions Russian Federation. IN 2017 year incidence - 795.3 per 100 thousand of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

Incidence and prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

TO the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

1. Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand population - 71,354 people, including in the city of Yekaterinburg, more than 27,131 HIV-infected people are registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. In 2017(as of 01.11.17) there are already 93,494 people infected with HIV - approximately 2% of the population of the Sverdlovsk region are infected with HIV, also 2% of pregnant women are HIV-infected, i.e. every 50th pregnant woman has HIV infection). As of November 1, 2017 in the "AIDS capital" ( from the words of the rapper "Gnoyny") is already registered 28 478 HIV positive ( HIV prevalence in the city population is 2%!!! ) and this is only official. IN Serov— 1454.2% 000 (1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV. The Sverdlovsk region ranks first in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers - 15 thousand children.
2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017 of the year— 49,494 people, per the beginning of June 2017 of the year cumulatively 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection were registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people), as of November 1, 2017, 50,048 HIV-infected people were identified.
5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
7. Leningrad region(1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people, as of November 1, 2017 - 21,382 people.
9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people), as of 11/01/2017 — more than 48,000 people., incl. Chelyabinsk - 19,000 HIV-infected.
10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) region. On May 19, 2017 in city ​​of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!). As of November 1, 2017, 36,334 people infected with HIV were registered in the Novosibirsk region. The region is in the top ten in Russia; in terms of HIV prevalence in the population, it is in fourth place in the country.
11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people) - mainly Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are severely affected by HIV,
12. G. Saint Petersburg(978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17,000 people),
15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
20. Ivanovo region(722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 823.0% 000.
22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
24. Kaliningrad region(608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Table No. 3. Rating of Russian regions according to the prevalence of HIV infection in the population (TOP 15).

Age structure

Most high level prevalence of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, Cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

“0.6% of all Russians live with a diagnosis of HIV. But Russians aged 30–39 years are especially affected by HIV – among them, 2% are diagnosed with HIV. For men this percentage is higher. With age, the risks of contracting HIV accumulate, and people continue to age with the virus in their blood. 87% of HIV-positive people are economically active, which is explained by their young age; among them there is a disproportionately large share of Russians with average special education“This is the working class, without which the country’s future will become dim.” (V. Pokrovsky)

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data greatest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identifying and treating HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in Jewish autonomous region, Republic of Mordovia, Kemerovo region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ulyanovsk region, Republic of Adygea, Tambov region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chuvash Republic, Samara region, Primorsky Krai, Tula region, Krasnodar, Perm territories, Kurgan region.

According to Rosstat data 18,575 people died from HIV infection (AIDS) in 2016. (in 2015 – 15,520 people, in 2014 – 12,540 people), i.e. The number of deaths from AIDS is growing.

The mortality index from HIV infection (the number of deaths per 1000 population) has increased 10 times since 2005!

“Among women 20–30 years old, who should not die at all, more than 20% of deaths are associated with HIV. Due to the fact that HIV infection is lifelong, and modern treatment allows HIV-infected people to live into old age, the number of living HIV-infected people in the world is growing. Deaths from AIDS among young people are the result of poorly organized medical care.” (V. Pokrovsky)

Over the 6 months of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people died, i.e. Approximately 80 people diagnosed with HIV die every day. This is 13.6% higher than for the same period in 2016. This may be due to interruptions in the supply of medications for the treatment of HIV-infected people, because... only a third of HIV-infected people received antiretroviral therapy in 2017 (32.9% - 298,888). Especially many died in the most disadvantaged regions for HIV treatment: Kemerovo, Samara and Irkutsk.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

Video. Shortage of drugs for HIV-infected people. V. Pokrovsky.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. IN 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely there will not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection (the worst indicator in the world); among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

“The World Health Organization (WHO) has been recommending lifelong treatment for all HIV-positive people for five years now, but the Ministry of Health so far provides only 300 thousand, that is, 46% of the 650 thousand “registered by the Ministry of Health,” or 33% of 900 thousand. still alive, registered by Rospotrebnadzor. The reason is that there is not enough money allocated in the state budget for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. To increase treatment coverage, the Ministry of Health is trying to reduce the cost of treatment by lowering purchase prices, which partially compensates for the shortage, but worsens the quality of treatment, since cheaper copies of drugs (generics) are purchased, which are outdated in status. Russians should take 10–12 tablets a day, while Europeans only need one. It is clear that because of this hassle, 20% of those who started treatment stop it. And this is another reason for the increase in mortality." (V. Pokrovsky)

Achieved treatment coverage does not play a role preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens. Total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens compared to 2015. increased by 8.5%, and among foreign citizens it decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

In the first half of 2017, the number of people tested for HIV increased very little, by only 8.1% compared to the first half of 2016. This is minuscule, so it’s sad to hear when the main reason cited for the increase in HIV growth is the increase in the number of people screened, everything much more serious and deeper.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, significantly the role has grown HIV infection, in 2017 this trend only strengthened, moreover, the sexual route overtook the drug route: in the 1st half of 2017, the share of sexual route of HIV infection was 52.2% (including homosexual route - 1.9%, The HIV epidemic among homosexuals is flaring up once again), through injection drug use - 46.6%. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected through unsterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 0.45% through made up . The number of children infected with breastfeeding: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014.

“The root of all problems is the rapid increase in the number of new cases due to the transition of the HIV epidemic to sexual transmission. Of the 100 thousand new cases in 2016, half were from sexual contact between men and women, just under half were from drug use, and only 1–2% were from homosexual contact between men. Dozens of cases of HIV infection in medical institutions should be attributed to the Ministry of Health, which should monitor the safety of medical procedures.” (V. Pokrovsky)

In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases during transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries. For 10 months of 2017 12 cases of suspected HIV infection during the provision of medical care were registered. Also, 12 cases of HIV infection were registered in places of detention due to the use of non-sterile equipment for non-medical purposes.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

• In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect resurgence of the global HIV epidemic , which, according to a UN report, began to decline in July 2016.
• Saved high incidence of HIV infection , the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, the number of deaths from AIDS is increasing annually, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population to the general population has intensified.
• Given the current rate of spread of HIV infection and the absence of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable .
• Radical actions by the Russian Government are required to stop trafficking, the spread of drugs and, most difficult, changing the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (scraps are wonderful, but the number of people who practice abstinence and practice with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is very few and it is impossible to change it, p .e requires development with minimal side effects(take a pill and do what you want)).

VIDEO. V.V. Pokrovsky about the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS

The material was prepared on the basis of a certificate from the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor and other official sources.

PS: I hope it’s clear, to get an idea of ​​the real scale of the HIV epidemic, you need to multiply the official figures by 5-10, because this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Best regards, Doctor.

Basic indicators

At the beginning of 2017, the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens reached 1,114,815 people ( in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected people, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN). Of these, 243,863 HIV-infected people died for various reasons (not only from AIDS, but from all causes) (according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients”) . In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of July 1, 2017, the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1,167,581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in the first half of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people had already died, which is 13.6% more, than in 6 months of 2016). The rate of HIV infection among the population of the Russian Federation in 2017 was 795.3 people infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016, 103,438 new cases of HIV infection were identified among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly identified cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%.

The incidence rate of HIV infection in 2016 was 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken 3rd place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.* (V.V. Pokrovsky).

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries estimate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly enough money to screen the population for HIV.

In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected guest workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is many times higher than in the Russian Federation)/.

During the first half of 2017, 52,766 HIV-infected Russian citizens were identified in Russia. The incidence rate of HIV infection in the first half of 2017 was 35.9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population.

The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

An increase in the growth rate of new cases of HIV infection in 2017 (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

The growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, the following regions and cities were leaders in terms of morbidity rates in the Russian Federation:

1. Kemerovo region(228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - a total of 6,217 HIV-infected people), incl. in the city of Kemerovo there are 1,876 HIV-infected people.

2. Irkutsk region(163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016, 2,450 new HIV infections were registered in the city of Irkutsk, and 1,107 in 2017. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.

3. Samara Region(161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including 1,201 HIV-infected in the city of Samara), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).

4. Sverdlovsk region(156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).

5. Chelyabinsk region(154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),

Tyumen region(150.5% 000 - 2,224 people - 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.

6. Tomsk region(138.0%000 - 1,489 people),

7. Novosibirsk region(137.1% 000) region (3,786 people), incl. in the city of Novosibirsk there are 3,213 HIV-infected people.

8. Krasnoyarsk region(129.5%000 - 3,716 people),

9. Perm region(125.1%000 - 3,294 people),

10. Altai region(114.1% 000 - 2,721 people) region,

11. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug- Yugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd resident is infected),

12. Orenburg region(117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).

13. Omsk region(110.3% 000 - 2,176 people), over 8 months of 2017, 1,360 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.

14. Kurgan region(110.1%000 - 958 people),

15. Ulyanovsk region(97.2% 000 - 1,218 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).

16. Tver region(74.0%000 - 973 people),

17. Nizhny Novgorod Region(71.1% 000 - 2,309 people) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).

18. Republic of Crimea(83.0%000 - 1,943 people),

19. Khakassia(82.7%000 - 445 people),

20. Udmurtia(75.1%000 - 1,139 people),

21. Bashkortostan(68.3%000 - 2,778 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).

22. Moscow(62.2%000 - 7,672 people)

%000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Table No. 1.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP). Interactive table with sorting capabilities.

How many HIV-infected people have been identified in the regions of the Russian Federation?

What is the incidence rate in the regions per 100 thousand population.

Table No. 2.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection in Russian cities (TOP). How many HIV-infected people have been identified in Russian cities?

HIV incidence rates in Russian cities.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant growth (rate, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit time) of incidence in 2016 was observed in the Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by year (1987-2016).

The prevalence of HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people.

Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

Incidence and prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

The most affected constituent entities of the Russian Federation include:

Sverdlovsk region(1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there are already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people are registered, i.e. . Every 50th city resident is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.

1. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). In total, 49,494 people were identified as HIV-infected at the beginning of 2017; at the beginning of June (almost six months) of 2017, 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified in the city of Irkutsk.

2. Kemerovo region(1582.5%000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.

3. Samara Region(1476.9%000 - 47350 people),

4. Orenburg region(1217.0%000 - 24276 people) regions,

5. (1201.7%000 - 19550 people),

6. Leningrad region(1147.3%000 - 20410 people),

7. Tyumen region(1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people.

8. Chelyabinsk region(1079.6%000 - 37794 people),

9. Novosibirsk region(1021.9%000 - 28227 people) region. As of May 19, 2017, more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people were registered in the city of Novosibirsk - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!). As of August 1, 2017, 34,879 people infected with HIV were registered in the Novosibirsk region.

10. Perm region(950.1%000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly severely affected by HIV,

11. Saint Petersburg(978.6%000 - 51140 people),

12. Ulyanovsk region(932.5%000 - 11728 people),

13. Republic of Crimea(891.4%000 - 17000 people),

14. Altai region(852.8%000 - 20268 people),

15. Krasnoyarsk region(836.4%000 - 23970 people),

16. Kurgan region(744.8%000 - 6419 people),

17. Tver region(737.5%000 - 9622 people),

18. Tomsk region(727.4%000 - 7832 people),

19. Ivanovo region(722.5%000 - 7440 people),

20. Omsk region(644.0%000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate was 823.0%000.

21. Murmansk region(638.2%000 - 4864 people),

22. Moscow region(629.3%000 - 46056 people),

23. Kaliningrad region(608.4%000 - 5941 people).

24. Moscow(413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Table No. 3.

Rating of Russian regions according to the prevalence of HIV infection in the population. The number of HIV-infected people identified in different territories of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100 thousand population of the represented region.

Age structure

The highest level of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group of 30-39 years old; 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection.

Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed.

In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30.

Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the proportion of young people aged 20-30 years decreased to 23.2%.

An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that with a low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among persons aged 15-20 years.

According to preliminary data, the largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) were registered in 2016 in the Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main reason for HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identifying and treating HIV patients.”

The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

In 2016, 675,403 patients infected with HIV were registered at dispensaries in specialized medical organizations, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients in prison.

In the first half of 2017, 298,888 patients received antiretroviral therapy; approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely there will not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures).

Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016, 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens were tested for HIV in Russia.

The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results).

The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV.

Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups.

When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly.

According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with nonsterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 0.45 % were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.

The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014.

In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients.

Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

• In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.

• The incidence of HIV infection remains high, the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population has intensified.

• If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.

Radical actions by the Russian Government are required to stop trafficking, the spread of drugs and, most difficult, changes in the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (scrapes are wonderful, but the number of people practicing abstinence and practicing with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is a small number and it is impossible to change, p .e development required medicinal methods pre-exposure prophylaxis with minimal side effects (take a pill and do what you want)).

V.V. Pokrovsky about the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=74&v=kUmU8m31dqw

The immunodeficiency virus was first identified by scientists in 1983. It was then that the etiological cause of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established. However, the attention of specialists is still focused on such a dangerous disease as HIV. Statistics show that it is constantly becoming more common. And the saddest thing is that in modern medicine there are no effective methods for treating pathology.

Basic statistics of HIV-infected people

The disease is constantly progressing and spreading throughout the population. This is officially confirmed by statistics on the incidence of HIV and AIDS. According to the latest data from scientists, today the number of people infected with HIV reaches 40 million people. Of these, 37.5% contracted the infection in the last 2 years, which is about 15 million.

At the same time, the pathology is constantly progressing, new strains of the pathogen appear as a result of modification. This greatly complicates the process of treating patients.

Infection with a retrovirus occurs more often through sexual contact or through the use of unsterile needles, which is often observed among drug addicts. The number of HIV-infected people is constantly increasing, and in order to slow down the progression of the disease, experts strongly recommend periodic testing for AIDS. Early detection allows you to prescribe full-fledged antiretroviral therapy. According to statistics, only 9.5 million HIV (AIDS) patients receive quality treatment, which is less than a quarter of the total number of carriers.

HIV (AIDS) statistics in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the issue of immunodeficiency is especially acutely discussed twice a year - on the Day against this disease (December 1) and in early May, when the Day of Mourning for those killed as a result of infection with a retrovirus is declared.

The statistics of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly changing, and not in better side. Behind last years The number of infected people has increased significantly and now reaches 250 thousand people. Experts say that the problem is becoming enormous. Today, the infection is mainly transmitted through sexual and parenteral routes.

Statistics of AIDS patients in Russia confirm that the bulk of those infected are young people aged 19 to 29 years. If we take into account injection drug addicts, then from among those treated for medical care 78% of them were diagnosed with immunodeficiency virus.

During sexual intercourse without condoms, a considerable number of patients are also infected. It is difficult to determine exactly how many people with HIV received the pathogen this way. However, statistics on HIV infection in Russia state that of those infected through sexual contact, more than half are women. This is due to anatomical features. Women tend to have more close contact with body fluids, particularly semen. It contains a high concentration of retrovirus, which is able to penetrate the body through microcracks in the vaginal mucosa that form during sexual intercourse.

A less common method of transmission is from mother to infant. HIV transmission statistics indicate that over the entire period of the disease, more than 6 thousand cases of birth of infected babies were registered. The infants' mothers were women of fertile age.

As for the male half of the population, according to statistics in Russia, about 2% of the stronger sex is infected with AIDS. The age of patients is in the range of 23-40 years. Among them, infection occurred in the following ways:

• as a result of drug use - 53%;
• homosexual relationships - 1.5%;
• with unprotected sexual intercourse - 43%;
• boys who received the infection in the womb or during childbirth from their mother - 2.5%.

Why is HIV infection spreading so quickly? Statistics confirm that the vast majority of infected people received their “dose” of the retrovirus through a syringe. In Russia, more than half of drug addicts use potent substances by injection, which poses a huge risk, because syringes are almost always used multiple times and for several people.

Additionally, the progression of AIDS can be explained by the lack of a clear program to combat retroviral infection. At the very beginning, when AIDS began to spread in the Russian Federation, statistics showed a sharp jump - an increase in the number of cases. For several years, international associations against immunodeficiency have allocated a certain amount, which was used to provide antiretroviral therapy to patients. When was Russia recognized as a country with income high level, this assistance was withheld, and the funds allocated from the state budget became insufficient to provide quality therapy to patients.

How many HIV-infected people are there in specific regions of Russia?

The situation with the spread of immunodeficiency leaves much to be desired, however, the homogeneity of the disease is somewhat diverse - in the Russian Federation, some regions require more attention from doctors, while in others the rate of transmission dangerous disease do not cause concern. According to experts, the saddest situation is observed in the Irkutsk region. Here, retrovirus infection reaches 1.5% of the total population.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) and how does it become infected? More than 75% of patients of this region are infected as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse, with a certain percentage occurring in homosexual relationships. The remaining 25% experience pathology when injecting drugs, a small amount of occurs among children born to HIV-positive mothers.

Also among the leaders in the progression of infection with immunodeficiency are the Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo regions, Perm, and Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. The statistics of HIV infection in Russia are no more rosy in the following regions:

• Altaic;
• Tomsk;
• Kurgansky;
• Novosibirsk;
• Samara;
• Tyumen;
• Ulyanovsky;
• Tverskoy;
• Omsk;
• Murmansk;
• Orenburg;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Ivanovsky;
• Leningradsky.

How many AIDS patients are there in the capital of the country can be answered more precisely. HIV statistics in Moscow at the beginning of the 21st century did not cause much concern among doctors, but this picture quickly changed in the opposite direction. In recent years, the retrovirus has begun to spread among residents of the capital by leaps and bounds. In 2016, more than 10 thousand infected people were registered. Moreover, half of them received the retrovirus through unprotected sex. 23% of those infected in this way became ill as a result of homosexual intercourse. HIV (AIDS) statistics in the regions of Russia remain unfavorable and require the adoption of certain measures to reduce the rate of spread of the disease.

The situation in the world: how quickly is AIDS spreading?

How many AIDS patients are there on the entire planet, which countries are one step away from developing an epidemic? The number of infected people varies from country to country. The most deplorable situation is observed in Africa, or more precisely in the South. The inhabitants of these regions make up only 10% of the total population of the planet. Moreover, out of the total number of HIV-infected people (about 40 million), 25 million are on this continent. These numbers are shocking.

The most unfavorable statistics of people infected with HIV (AIDS) are observed in the following countries of the world:

• South Africa - more than 5 million;
• India - 6.5 million;
• Ethiopia - more than 4 million infected;
• Nigeria - 3.6 million;
• Mozambique - almost 2 million;
• Kenya, Zimbabwe - 1.7 million infected each;
• USA - 1.3 million;
• China and Russia are about 1 million carriers of the retrovirus.

If we take into account the European continent, then approximately half of all infected people are residents of Ukraine and Russia. The main route of transmission of the virus in these countries is parenteral.

The HIV infection rate by country raises fears for the future of humanity; analyzing the statistics, it can be argued that the massive spread is occurring in underdeveloped regions.

According to statistics, in countries infected with AIDS, the leading route of transmission is sexual and parenteral. The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that most patients do not want to believe in infection and refuse antiretroviral therapy. It can take more than 10 years from the infection to the stage of AIDS, but this indicator depends on the immune defense. In the absence of quality treatment, the disease develops much faster and leads to irreversible consequences.

Over the entire period of known immunodeficiency, more than 24 million patients died from it. At the same time, patients who received timely therapy were able to live fully for decades, no different from healthy people.

It is difficult to say exactly how many people are infected with HIV (AIDS), since the pathology is constantly spreading. However, scientists do not lose hope of finding effective drug and defeat the retrovirus completely.