Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/
Among the most effective forms of promoting tourism and attracting the masses to active forms of recreation are mass demonstration, training events and competitions (gatherings, competitions, games, training camps, trainings, etc.). They, along with the fact that they perform cultural, educational, local history, educational functions, contribute to the improvement of physical fitness, technical improvement, the organization of meaningful recreation for an increasing number of people, and the promotion of tourism among the population.
The term "competition" means the desire to get ahead, surpass, defeat others. As for tourist competitions, it is important not only and not so much to win, but to find out the level of technical and tactical training, general physical and special fitness, to explore new models of equipment and methods of using it in conditions as close as possible to hiking.
The methodological basis of the study is the provision on the unity of mental, moral and physical education (K.D. Ushinsky, P.F. Lesgaft, N.K. Krupskaya, A.S. Makarenko), the organizational foundations for building tourism, excursion and local history work in Russia (V.A. Gerd, N.A. Geinike, P.V. Ivanov, B.E. Raikov and others). In the analysis of the content of education and the organization of the processes of education and training, the works of A.A. Ostapts-Sveshnikov (1974, 1989), V.V. Kochergina (1974), I.N. Pilate (1970), AD. Soldatenkova (1969), A.E. Seinensky (1969), I.N. Beskaravainy (1961), P.I. Istomin (1978), V.M. Kulikova (1983), V.A. Quarterly (1998), K.V. Bardin (1973) and others.
In the dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov, tourism and excursions are defined as follows: "Tourism (such a sport) is group trips for the purpose of physical hardening. Excursions are a trip somewhere for educational or entertainment purposes." The Great Soviet Encyclopedia reported: "Tourism is a walk, a journey that combines relaxation with the study of certain regions of the country or countries" Morgunov B.P. Tourism. Proc. allowance for students ped. in-t on specialty No. 2114 // Fiz. upbringing. - M.: Enlightenment, 1978. - 166s. .
Scientist P. Oldak believes that in the modern sense, tourism is understood as all types of movement of the population that are not associated with a change in place of residence and work. And the Polish scientist A. Mariansky defines tourism as migration, which is not permanent. There is also such a definition of tourism: "Tourism should be understood as one of the forms of population migration. Voluntary travel for the purpose of recreation, treatment, participation in scientific, business and cultural meetings" (V. Azar) Konstantinov, Yu.S. Children and youth tourism: a manual for teachers of educational institutions, institutions of out-of-school education and training / Yu.S. Konstantinov, S.S. Mitrahovich. - Minsk: National Institute of Education. - 2010 .
The concept of "vacationer" is broader than the concept of "tourist", since there are also those who have a rest at home, in a sanatorium. And we come to the conclusion that tourism is significantly different from passive recreation and from many types of human activities and leisure. It is necessary to clearly formulate the goals and objectives that Ukhtinskaya M.V. sets and carries in itself. Tourist-excursion activity in the organization of teenagers' leisure // Vestn.S. - Petersburg. state University of culture and arts. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 51-58.
Tourists should include people who are temporarily and voluntarily outside their permanent place of residence in order to use their free time for recreation associated with familiarization with historical, geographical, architectural and other outstanding places, nature, with sports recreation through active movement, with search or research work that is of an amateur nature and is not conditioned by work activity.
With the educational and cognitive functions of tourism is associated with its educational value. Hiking trips create conditions for close contact with nature, for its aesthetic perception, the formation of a careful attitude to natural resources, the concept of the essence and significance of nature conservation. Direct practical acquaintance with the history and culture of the country helps the younger generation to understand and appreciate their homeland, its people Lyubimova L.A. Specificity of the organization of children's tourism // Vestn. Tambov. university Ser.: Natural. and tech. science. - 2014. - V. 19, No. 1. - S. 256-257.
When traveling, people are in a team, in constant contact with other people, very often in non-standard conditions and circumstances. All this contributes to the formation of camaraderie and collectivism, mutual assistance and responsiveness to the environment, tolerance, the ability to find a compromise and reach a common opinion. Moreover, and this is extremely important, not oppressing, but developing their own individuality, personal qualities and abilities.
Tourism has a positive effect on the physical development of young people. Doctors have established that schoolchildren who are engaged in tourism get sick 30-35% less than others and can engage in physical and mental labor 40-45% longer. Kruglov D.G. Tourist event as the most effective form of organization of recreation and health improvement of children and adolescents // Education of schoolchildren - 2010. - No. 3 (138). - C. 47-49. .
The educational and educational value of tourism was vividly described by the writer K. Paustovsky: “If you want to be true sons of your country and the whole Earth, people of knowledge and spiritual freedom, people of courage and humanity, labor and struggle, people who create spiritual values, be faithful to the muse distant wanderings and travels to the best of their ability and free time, because each journey is a penetration into the sphere of significant and beautiful "Konstantinov, Yu.S. Children and youth tourism: a manual for teachers of educational institutions, institutions of out-of-school education and training / Yu.S. Konstantinov, S.S. Mitrahovich. - Minsk: National Institute of Education. - 2010 .
Among the most effective forms of promoting tourism and attracting the masses to active forms of recreation are mass demonstration, training events and competitions (gatherings, competitions, games, training camps, trainings, etc.). At the same time, they perform cultural, educational, local history, educational functions, contribute to the improvement of physical fitness, technical improvement, the organization of meaningful recreation for an increasing number of people, and the promotion of tourism among the population. The holding of tourist rallies and competitions has a fairly long history, but they began to acquire a mass character from the 50s of the XX century. Today they are held at various levels - from tourist sections to international forums, in which hundreds of thousands of tourists and local historians take part. Konstantinov Yu.S. Children and youth tourism and education / Yu.S. Konstantinov, E.E. Lekareva // Education of schoolchildren. - 2010. - No. 7. - S. 45-49.
The concepts of "rally" and "competition" are often used in parallel and even identified with each other, although they differ from each other in their purpose and program: competitions, as a rule, are an integral part of the rally, although they can be held independently. The term "competition" means the desire to get ahead, surpass, defeat others. As for tourist competitions, it is important not only and not so much to win, but to find out the level of technical and tactical training, general physical and special fitness, to test new models of equipment and methods of using it in conditions as close as possible to hiking.
Congresses, rallies provide for the holding of meetings, conferences of people united by a common goal, members of one or another mass organization. The main task of tourist rallies is to popularize tourism, communicate with like-minded people, exchange experience, ideas, demonstrate new types of equipment, etc. But, without reducing the importance of these measures, it should be said that rallies and competitions should not replace the main form of activity in tourism, which is the organization and conducting campaigns Kodysh Є.M. Tourist competition. - M.: FiS, 1990 .
The variety of mass tourist events necessitates their classification. This latter is carried out according to three main parameters: form, scale, class. Among the forms of tourist events are championships, qualifying competitions, friendly matches. Gatherings are more often held in the form of competitions, exhibitions, seminars, evenings, etc. The scale of gatherings and competitions is determined by the breadth of participation in them by teams or individual representatives of different regions or organizations. These measures can take place at the international, interregional, regional, district level or within the framework of a camp site, school, section, etc. The class of competitions according to their complexity is determined in the range from I to IV and depends on the nature and number of stages, length, complexity of obstacles, height difference, techniques used, etc. Berman A.E. Young tourist. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1977. - 159 p.
During the rallies, any combination of scale and class of competition is possible. In the course of large-scale competitions, as a rule, simple distances of classes 1-2 prevail, since the main goal is to popularize tourism and exchange experience. At the same time, the competitions of individual university teams of sections, etc. May include distances III-IV classes. The practice of implementing tourist events indicates the expediency of holding competitions (except for skiing) in the spring, before the start of the tourist season, in order to check the readiness of groups for hiking, and rallies in the fall, after the end of hiking, which allows you to sum up and determine tasks and plans for the next season. An interesting form of holding rallies is the combination of several types of tourism in their program Bardin K.V. ABC of tourism. Handbook for leaders of tourist trips at school. M., 1973.
Preparation for the rally (competition) begins in the middle of the year, when planning mass events for the next year. This work begins with the creation of the organizing committee and the approval of its composition by the organization responsible for holding the rally (competition). The organizing committee, as a rule, includes administration officials, tourism workers, the chief judge of the competition and a number of full-time employees responsible for various aspects of the preparation of the event. The responsibilities of the rally (competition) organizers include: creation of the organizing committee, approval of the panel of judges; obtaining permission from local authorities to hold the event; logistical, transport, economic and medical support; the safety of participants and guests. The organizing committee develops the "Regulations on the rally (competition)", develops and implements a plan for the preparation and holding of the event. Its functions also include the reception and accommodation of participants, catering and medical care, preparation and arrangement of the competition venue and inventory storage, and organization of information support. The developed position is sent to the participants in advance. It contains the following information: the purpose and objectives of the event, the time and place of the event, the management of its preparation and implementation, the requirements for participants, the program of competitions and competitions, the amount of funding, the procedure and deadline for submitting applications for participation in the rally, the conditions for accepting participants, determining the results of the competition , awarding the winners Kodysh E.M. Tourist competition. - M.: FiS, 1990 .
The choice of a venue for mass events requires taking into account a number of prerequisites: it must ensure the convenience of setting distances, the accommodation of participants, guests and fans, and also have convenient entrances and approaches. A prerequisite for the implementation of mass events is the safety of the competition and the location of the camp. It is also necessary to ensure the unconditional implementation of environmental protection measures.
One of the important aspects of the implementation of mass events is the organization of free time for their participants. It is necessary to provide for exhibitions of tourist equipment, photographs, as well as interesting meetings, prepare programs for song evenings, etc. For schoolchildren, the program of the tourist rally, in addition to competitions, includes various competitions and sports games.
Pedestrian tourism. Among the events of this kind, hiking competitions are the most widespread. They attract with their entertainment, accessibility for everyone, their holding does not require the creation of special conditions even within the city or in the suburbs. The competition program may include a cross-travel distance, an obstacle course distance, as well as the performance of special tasks. The technical complexity of the stages of the competition adapts to the terrain and conditions in which they take place.
Mountain tourism. Competitions in the technique of mountain tourism consist of team and individual overcoming of distances that run through areas of mountainous or dissected terrain, as well as the implementation of special techniques. This is one of the most spectacular and popular types of tourism competitions. Separate elements of competitions in mountain tourism technique are included in the program of competitions in hiking Konstantinov, Yu.S. Children and youth tourism: a manual for teachers of educational institutions, institutions of out-of-school education and training / Yu.S. Konstantinov, S.S. Mitrahovich. - Minsk: National Institute of Education. - 2010 .
The distance implies the presence of various types of obstacles characteristic of mountainous terrain - rock massifs, steep grassy, snow and ice slopes, water barriers. On a flat territory, the tracks for this type of competition run along the steep slopes of river valleys, through quarries, brick or concrete walls of structures, etc.
A set of stages of varying degrees of difficulty can be as follows: climbing and descending a steep slope (grassy, snowy, ice), overcoming steep rocky areas (climbing a rock, descending on a rope), water obstacles. Preparation for competitions in mountain tourism technique requires the availability of special safety equipment. Areas of rocky outcrops are cleared of stones, earth, sand. Approaches to the track, as well as the location of judges and spectators, must be located on a safe area. Participants of the competition must have the means of insurance.
Water tourism. Water sports competitions attract tourists with a large and varied set of obstacles, technical methods of navigation and floating equipment. Competitions can be held on kayaks, rafts, catamarans. In water tourism, home-made equipment is used more widely than in other types. Competitions of water tourists are held in individual, personal-team and team competitions.
Ski tourism. Competitions in ski tourism are close to hiking in their program. They basically have the same stages, with the addition of ski technique stages. Given the natural conditions in which these competitions are held, the problem of the safety of participants is supplemented by concern for the health of tourists, due to the possibility of frostbite Konstantinov Yu.S. Children and youth tourism and education / Yu.S. Konstantinov, E.E. Lekareva // Education of schoolchildren. - 2010. - No. 7. - S. 45-49.
Recently, competitions in cycling tourism have been widely practiced. Cyclists compete in the technique of cycling, overcoming the cross-track, bicycle rally. Orienteering competition. Orienteering has become a separate sport. But the stages of orienteering are traditionally included in the program of tourist rallies. They allow you to find out the level of mastery of the orienteering skills necessary for every tourist, and contribute to their improvement.
Orienteering competitions are held in the following types: movement in a given direction, movement by choice, movement along a marked track. Each of their participants at the start receives a topographic map and must ensure that the route passes through the checkpoints (CP) in a certain order or by choice. On the marked route, the main task of the participants is to accurately map the route line and the location of the checkpoint.
The area for the competition is chosen in such a way that there are clear restrictive objects on the ground - a highway, a river, a field, etc. Competitors must be informed in advance about the necessary actions in case they have to leave the course, or in case of loss of orientation. It is also necessary to warn them about all dangerous objects along the route (swamps, cliffs, etc.) and mark these places on the map.
In the campaign of the children's group, almost all tactical issues in the group are decided by adults - the head and his deputies, and only with rare exceptions do children take part in this. At competitions for schoolchildren, coaches deal with the issue of passing the distance, which do not take part in the passage of the route, and the result of the team depends entirely on their tactical decisions. Therefore, competitions among schoolchildren do not always reflect the real picture of the preparedness of teams, despite the high technical level of children, their knowledge and skills. Much attention in the organization and conduct of competitions should be paid to the quality of the preparation of the source material, the precise work of the judging panel, its qualifications, which must be at a very high level. The initial material, which is prepared by the head of the course and his assistants, consists in planning a certain set of obstacles (stages), which are equipped on the ground and plotted on the competition map. It is imperative to provide for the equipment of several equivalent threads at each stage Ukhtinskaya M.V. Tourist-excursion activity in the organization of teenagers' leisure // Vestn.S. - Petersburg. state University of culture and arts. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 51-58.
school tourism tourist rally
"Cross-hike" - a long distance, which provides for the passage of a certain route, overcoming stages and (or) performing special tasks that are set on natural or artificial obstacles. The route is passed with orientation on the map or is set in another way (by description, azimuth, marking, etc.). A cross hike can be multi-day and carried out in the conditions of a sports hike.
|
Distance class |
Number of technical stages |
Distance length |
Quantity stages with homing (at least) |
The number of stages with the transportation of the victim at a distance. "Rescue Work" (at least) |
Estimated distance (points) |
|||
|
Obstacle course (no more), rescue work |
Cross hike (No less) |
Total points (Not less than) |
The total score for the technical stages, p.1-19 p.2.1.7 (No less) |
|||||
|
Not carried out |
||||||||
|
Not carried out |
List of stages and special moves:
Distances can be run in the order specified by the judges, at the choice of the team, in the form of a relay race, etc., which is determined by the Regulations and Conditions of the competition.
The distance class is determined by the score, the length of the distance, the total number of stages, stages of a certain complexity, the number of stages with homing, and for "Rescue Operations" the number of stages with the transportation of the victim.
The distance (part of the distance) is considered to be passed when the team (participant at personal distances) completes the full route (taking all the checkpoints of the distance in a given sequence or passing all the marked corridors along the distance) and overcoming at least fifty percent of the total number of stages (special tasks) .
The start of teams can be separate, group, general. The start interval between teams (participants) must be such that they do not interfere with other teams (participants) when overcoming the distance. The start can be forced or by the readiness of the team, the distance is determined by the Conditions.
In the case when one team can catch up with another, the distance must have an appropriate number of equivalent options for overcoming the stages. If one team caught up with the other and obstacles are created in overcoming the distance, then one of these teams is given a cut-off (stops when working at a distance) and any actions of all members of this team stop before the end of the cut-off, except for cases related to safety.
It is allowed to start the work of the team at the stage of the cross-travel if there are at least two team members at the stage and after the team card has been handed over to the judge at the stage. If all team members arrive at the stage before the end of work at the stage, the team is removed from the stage, and further movement along the distance of the team members and the issuance of a map to the team is carried out only after the arrival of all team members at the stage.
The movement of participants along the distance (stage) in the opposite direction is allowed within the corridors of movement, if at the same time the safety conditions provided for overcoming such stages are observed. To regulate the time of the competition, it is allowed to introduce a judicial time limit, which can be used in the form of a control, specified, optimal time for a distance or part of a distance.
After graduation controltime the actions of the team (participant) on passing are stopped, and the result is not counted - the team (participant) is removed from the stage (distance). By the coincidence of the given time, the actions of the team are terminated, the judges fix the position and location of the participants, equipment, the victim, the cargo. The actions of the team are given a judicial assessment and a penalty is assigned. At the end of the specified time, the team releases the distance, part of the distance, stage and continues to overcome the next part of the distance.
When exceeding optimaltime a team (participant) is penalized at the rate of 1 point for every 30 seconds (full or incomplete) exceeding the optimal time. The excess is defined as the difference between the time actually spent on overcoming the stage and the established optimal time.
For the passage of the "Cross-hike" distance, the panel of judges calculates the time limit of the judges, taking into account the class of competitions and specific weather conditions. The control time of the stages is recommended to be set one and a half times more than the estimated time, determined by the head of the distance when planning it.
The start of work at any stage is considered to be the exit of any participant of the start line (if any), the control line, or the contact of the participant with the stage registration system or other action stipulated by the Conditions. The completion (finish) of the stage, special task, special reception is considered to be the moment the last team member and equipment cross the finish line, or if the control (set) time has expired, or at the command of the captain if all participants pass the stage.
The number of participants at the finish of the distance, at the intermediate stages and the control should be the same as at the start, except for the case when the participant left the course and was left by the team at the stage or at the control with judges with the appropriate judge's mark in the team card and protocol, the number of participants at the finish and the last technical stage must be the same. The captain is obliged to notify the judges of the stage about the incomplete composition of the team at the stage before the start of work at the present stage. If a participant who has not left the race is not at the stage for passing (with the corresponding fixation in the protocol of the stage), then the team is removed from the stage.
|
PS - point of insurance Chipboard - double lanyard referee railing KS - team insurance SS - referee insurance SP - referee railings KP - command railing ON - chain hoist support GO - cargo support LO - local support PPS - intermediate point of insurance ELV - intermediate specified time |
ZSK - muted judicial carbine s / s - self-insurance k. l. - Control line ST - set time PS - initial site CU - target area UP - section of the obstacle BZ - stage zone is safe OZ - the zone of the stage is dangerous OL - limit line ISS - individual safety system |
Personal-team competitions at the distance "Obstacle Course"
General provisions
1. Distance class - II (27.5 p.)
2. Length - 100 m.
3. Climb - 9 m. (0.9 b.)
4. The number of stages - 10, of which 2 are homing.
SV (set time) ~ 10-12 min.
7. Composition of the team 8 people (offset for the 6 best results - at least 2 girls).
8. Approximate starting interval - 3 minutes.
9. The participant arrives at the start 10 minutes before. to pass the technical commission.
11. Overcoming (passing) the stage by the participant is considered the end of the movement on the stage. At the end of the EP, the presence of a penalty is recorded if the participant did not overcome (did not pass) the stage.
1. Overcoming an obstacle with a pendulum:
Stage length - 4m.
Stage equipment: c.l. - at the IU and CC; SP - on UE.
Crossing the participant along the given joint ventures with s / s grabbing with a knot or mustache by the loop of the conductor.
2. Parallel ropes:
Stage length - 12m.
Stage equipment: c.l. - at PS, SP - at CC; SP - on UE.
3. Slope traverse:
Stage length - 6m. Slope steepness up to 50 0 .
Stage equipment: SP at PS and CC; SP - on UE.
The participant moves along the SP inclined railing on self-insurance.
4. Log crossing:
Stage length - 6m.
Stage equipment: SP on - IU, on CC - LO and SP; SP and log - on UE.
The participant moves along the joint venture on self-insurance with a sliding carabiner.
5. Mounted ferry:
Stage length - 12m.
Stage equipment: SP and LO - IU; k. l. and LO (loop) - SD; SP - on UE.
The participant moves along the chipboard on a carabiner and organizes an accompanying rope. The stage is overcome according to the Guide.
Stages 2-5 the participant passes without loss of self-insurance.
6. Lifting in a sports way:
Stage length - 5m. Slope steepness up to 50 0 .
Stage equipment: c.l. - on IU SP on - CU; SP - on UE.
The participant moves along the SP on self-belay with a prusik.
7. Slope traverse:
Stage length - 11m. (1m. + 4m. + 6m.). Slope steepness up to 50 0 .
Stage equipment: SP on - IU and CU; SP - on UE.
The participant moves along the judicial horizontal railings on self-insurance with a sliding carabiner.
8. Steep sloped down ferry:
Stage length - 15m. The slope of the railing - 35 0 .
Stage equipment: SP, LO (ZSK) - at PS: c.l., BZ - CU; Chipboard - on UE. The participant moves along the chipboard railing on self-insurance with a carabiner. Arranges release insurance.
Stages 6-8 are overcome without loss of self-insurance.
9. Climbing the rocky area:
Stage equipment: metal ladder, BZ-on PS; OL, SS on PCB; LO (ZSK), PO (2 ZSK) - at the control center;
The competitor performs a free climb from the top CC.
10. Descent along the vertical railing:
Stage equipment: SS on PCB; LO, GO (2 ZSK) - at the PS; BZ - CU;
The participant leads the railing, organizes the descent using a braking device, and the top judicial insurance. At the beginning of the stage LO (ZSK), SS VO (ZSK), at the end of the safe zone.
Stages 9-10 the participant passes without loss of self-insurance.
ZCH. Finish.
Use of technical devices according to the settings.
Team competition at the distance "Obstacle Course"
General provisions
1. Distance class - II (40 p.)
2. Length - 80 m.
3. Climb - 6 m. (0.6 b.)
4. Number of stages - 8, 7 of them with homing.
5. Judging time limits:
ELV-1 ~ 15 min.
SW ~ 25 min.
The final ELV and PV values will be announced no later than one hour before the start of the first team.
6. All participants in the competition must be provided with: ISS, protective helmets with the numbers of participants and the letter "K" for the captain, a uniform that should cover the elbows and knees.
7. Composition of the team 6 - at least 2 girls.
8. Approximate starting interval - 20 minutes.
9. The team arrives at the start in 20 minutes. to pass the technical commission.
10. Movement along the course in the opposite direction is allowed: on the track section - start before the end of the track.
11. Overcoming (passing) the stage by the participant is considered the end of the movement on the stage. At the end of the EP, the presence of a penalty is recorded if the participant did not overcome (did not pass) the stage.
The order and technique of passing the stages of the distance
Stage equipment: 6 ropes with a diameter of 6 mm, 2 ropes with a diameter of 10 mm, 3 carabiners, a pipe support.
Participants tie 6 knots, one from each group.
2. Overcoming an obstacle with a pendulum:
Stage length - 4m.
Stage equipment: c.l., LO-loop - on the IU and CC; SP - on UE.
The team moves along the judges' railings, self-insurance with a mustache, organizes an accompanying rope. At the beginning and at the end of the CL, LO-loop
3. Parallel ropes:
Stage length - 12m.
Stage equipment: c.l., LO (loop) at the PS, 2 GO (2 loops), LO (ZSK) - at the control center; SP - on UE.
The team moves along the judges' railings, self-insurance with a mustache, organizes an accompanying rope.
4. Crossing the log through the ravine:
Stage length - 15m. Log 6m.
Stage equipment: PO (ZSK), PO (loop), LO (ZSK) - at the PS; 2 GO (loop, ZSK), PO (ZSK) - on the control center; log - on UE.
The first participant crosses the log from the CS, the rest - along the log from the s / s according to the given CP. Single railings are allowed.
5. Mounted ferry:
Stage length - 12m.
Stage equipment: 2 GO (2 loops), LO (ZSK) - at PS; GO (loop),
LO (loop), K.L. - CU; Chipboard - on UE.
The team moves along the double referee railing on a carabiner and organizes escort. Stages 3-5 the team passes without losing insurance.
6. Climbing the rocky area:
Stage length - 6m. Steepness - 80°.
Stage equipment: metal ladder, BZ, LO (loop), PO (loop), KS, SS-on the PS; metal ladder - on a printed circuit board; LO (loop), 2x (2 ZSK) - on the control center; The participant performs free climbing from the upper SS and lower CS (transportation of cargo is prohibited), the rest from the upper CS. Parallel lifting is prohibited.
7. Descent along the vertical railing:
Stage length - 6m. Steepness - 90 °.
Stage equipment: metal ladder, 3rd GO (3 ZSK), KS-on PS; VO (loop), LO (loop), BZ-on the control center;
The team leads the railing, organizes the descent with the use of a braking device, and the upper COP. Parallel descent is prohibited.
8. Movement on poles:
Stage length - up to 12m.
Stage equipment: 6 poles and 7 supports - at the UE; k. l. - on IU and CU. The team puts in a pole.
Stages 7-8 are overcome without loss of insurance.
Leading the course is allowed.
In tourism, there are ample opportunities for upbringing, raising the cultural, educational and intellectual level of children and youth. It has recreational health and educational activities. The main motive for the activities of travelers is cognitive interest, for the full satisfaction of which tourism has great and diverse opportunities.
Therefore, the programming of the content of a tourist trip, its route and objects of inspection acts as the programming of cognitive activity. Thus, a peculiar form of education and self-education acquires its expression in tourism. It helps to understand and trace in practice the patterns and relationships that exist in nature (in particular, geographical ones).
ATprocesspedagogicalresearchIt wasestablished,whatcurrenteducationalprogramonsportstourismforschoolchildrennotincompletevolumedecidestaskslearning. FortrainingyoungtouristsnecessaryenoughjustifiedplanningWithtaking into accountcomprehensivedevelopmentinvolved,aalsophysiologicalandpsychologicalfeatureschildren.
1. Bardin K.V. ABC of tourism. Handbook for leaders of tourist trips at school. M., 1973.
2. Berman A.E. Young tourist. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1977. - 159 p.
3. Vinokurov V.K. Mountaineering safety. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1983.
4. Vlasov AL. etc. Tourist. Tourist Library. - M., 1974.
5. Golikova O.M. Study of the main directions of children's tourism // Service Plus. - 2013. - No. 1. - P.62-67.
6. Zavadskaya, Zh.E. Forms of educational work with youth: methods of preparation and conduct: educational method. allowance / Zh.E. Zavadskaya, Z.V. Artemenko. - Minsk: Modern School, 2010
7. Kodysh E.M. Tourist competition. - M.: FiS, 1990.
8. Konstantinov, Yu.S. Children and youth tourism: a manual for teachers of educational institutions, institutions of out-of-school education and training / Yu.S. Konstantinov, S.S. Mitrahovich. - Minsk: National Institute of Education. - 2010.
9. Konstantinov Yu.S. Children and youth tourism and education / Yu.S. Konstantinov, E.E. Lekareva // Education of schoolchildren. - 2010. - No. 7. - P.45-49.
10. Kruglov D.G. Tourist event as the most effective form of organization of recreation and health improvement of children and adolescents // Education of schoolchildren - 2010. - No. 3 (138). - C.47-49.
11. Lyubimova L.A. Specificity of the organization of children's tourism // Vestn. Tambov. university Ser.: Natural. and tech. science. - 2014. - V. 19, No. 1. - S.256-257.
12. Molchanova L.D. Organization of the rehabilitation of children and adolescents by means of active recreation and tourism in the summer [Electronic resource] // Festival of Pedagogical Ideas "Open Lesson": [website]. - M., 2014. - URL: http://festival.1september.ru/articles/600061/
13. Morgunov B.P. Tourism. Proc. allowance for students ped. in-t on specialty No. 2114 // Fiz. upbringing. - M.: Enlightenment, 1978. - 166s.
14. Rules for conducting tourist trips, expeditions and excursions with pupils and students. / Collection of legislative and normative acts on education. - Issue 2. - M., 2004.
15. Terebina P.V. Tourism as a factor in the formation of the personality of a teenager // University Readings - 2010 / Feder. education agency, Pyatigor. state linguist. un-t. - Pyatigorsk: PSLU, 2010. - Part 11: Sections 5-8 of the symposium 2. - P.132-136.
16. Tourism at school: The book of the head of travel / I.A. Verba, S.M. Golitsyn, V.M. Kulikov, E.G. Ryabov. - M.: FiS, 1983. - 160s.
17. Ukhtinskaya M.V. Tourist-excursion activity in the organization of teenagers' leisure // Vestn.S. - Petersburg. state University of culture and arts. - 2012. - No. 3. - P.51-58
Hosted on Allbest.ru
...Basic principles of competitions in outdoor games. Organization of competitions. Rules for organizing and conducting competitions. Competitions in outdoor games should be colorful. Instant availability of competition results.
test, added 08/25/2008
Stages of planning ski competitions. Preparation for the competition, their logistics. The work of the judiciary. Preparation of competition sites. Cross-country skiing competitions. Individual sprint and end of the competition.
abstract, added 05/22/2012
Athletics and the essence of sports competitions, the main issues of their organization, form and calendar. Relay conditions. Goals and objectives of athletics competitions. Priority directions of development of physical culture and sports.
term paper, added 10/26/2010
The place and importance of skiing in the system of physical education. Features of planning competitions. Preparation for the competition. Logistics support of competitions. The work of the judiciary. Preparation of competition sites.
test, added 11/10/2010
Classification of groups of clients of travel companies. Features and basic principles of tourist service. The needs of youth and youth groups, middle-aged clients, seniors. Features of organizing tours for different age groups.
term paper, added 05/11/2014
Types of sports competitions. Reporting documents provided by the chief referee at the end of the competition, calendaring. The number of games required to compete in a knockout system. Mixed system of world competitions.
test, added 04/25/2015
Learning the rules of boxing. The order of the competition. Duration and victory in a duel. Places allowed for strikes. Prohibited tricks. The nature and methods of holding the All-Russian Class "A" boxing tournament. Regulations on competitions and report.
term paper, added 05/17/2015
History of the development of tourism in the USSR, the main functions and tasks of the "Central Council for Tourism and Excursions". Features of the selection of personnel for institutions and organizations of various tourism systems, conducting work to find new routes and excursions.
test, added 12/07/2012
Primary and secondary functions of sports competitions. Components of a sports competition. The interaction of athletes during the competition. The performance of athletes in competitions. Confrontation between rivals or opposing teams.
essay, added 11/30/2014
Fundamentals of classification of distances and technical stages of tourist-applied all-around. Principles and essence of planning and setting distances and technical stages of competitions on the ground. The basic procedure for determining the results of the competition.
Among the most effective forms of promoting tourism and attracting the masses to active forms of recreation are mass demonstration, training events and competitions (gatherings, competitions, games, training camps, trainings, etc.). At the same time, they perform cultural, educational, local history, educational functions, contribute to the improvement of physical fitness, technical improvement, the organization of meaningful recreation for an increasing number of people, and the promotion of tourism among the population. The holding of tourist rallies and competitions has a fairly long history, but they began to acquire a mass character from the 50s of the XX century. Today they are held at various levels - from tourist sections to international forums, in which hundreds of thousands of tourists and local historians take part. Konstantinov Yu.S. Children and youth tourism and education / Yu.S. Konstantinov, E.E. Lekareva // Education of schoolchildren. - 2010. - No. 7. - S. 45-49.
The concepts of "rally" and "competition" are often used in parallel and even identified with each other, although they differ from each other in their purpose and program: competitions, as a rule, are an integral part of the rally, although they can be held independently. The term "competition" means the desire to get ahead, surpass, defeat others. As for tourist competitions, it is important not only and not so much to win, but to find out the level of technical and tactical training, general physical and special fitness, to test new models of equipment and methods of using it in conditions as close as possible to hiking.
Congresses, rallies provide for the holding of meetings, conferences of people united by a common goal, members of one or another mass organization. The main task of tourist rallies is to popularize tourism, communicate with like-minded people, exchange experience, ideas, demonstrate new types of equipment, etc. But, without reducing the importance of these measures, it should be said that rallies and competitions should not replace the main form of activity in tourism, which is the organization and conducting campaigns Kodysh Є.M. Tourist competition. - M.: FiS, 1990.
The variety of mass tourist events necessitates their classification. This latter is carried out according to three main parameters: form, scale, class. Among the forms of tourist events are championships, qualifying competitions, friendly matches. Gatherings are more often held in the form of competitions, exhibitions, seminars, evenings, etc. The scale of gatherings and competitions is determined by the breadth of participation in them by teams or individual representatives of different regions or organizations. These measures can take place at the international, interregional, regional, district level or within the framework of a camp site, school, section, etc. The class of competitions according to their complexity is determined in the range from I to IV and depends on the nature and number of stages, length, complexity of obstacles, height difference, techniques used, etc. Berman A.E. Young tourist. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1977. - 159 p.
During the rallies, any combination of scale and class of competition is possible. In the course of large-scale competitions, as a rule, simple distances of classes 1-2 prevail, since the main goal is to popularize tourism and exchange experience. At the same time, the competitions of individual university teams of sections, etc. May include distances III-IV classes. The practice of implementing tourist events indicates the expediency of holding competitions (except for skiing) in the spring, before the start of the tourist season, in order to check the readiness of groups for hiking, and rallies in the fall, after the end of hiking, which allows you to sum up and determine tasks and plans for the next season. An interesting form of holding rallies is the combination of several types of tourism in their program Bardin K.V. ABC of tourism. Handbook for leaders of tourist trips at school. M., 1973.
Preparation for the rally (competition) begins in the middle of the year, when planning mass events for the next year. This work begins with the creation of the organizing committee and the approval of its composition by the organization responsible for holding the rally (competition). The organizing committee, as a rule, includes administration officials, tourism workers, the chief judge of the competition and a number of full-time employees responsible for various aspects of the preparation of the event. The responsibilities of the rally (competition) organizers include: creation of the organizing committee, approval of the panel of judges; obtaining permission from local authorities to hold the event; logistical, transport, economic and medical support; the safety of participants and guests. The organizing committee develops the "Regulations on the rally (competition)", develops and implements a plan for the preparation and holding of the event. Its functions also include the reception and accommodation of participants, catering and medical care, preparation and arrangement of the competition venue and inventory storage, and organization of information support. The developed position is sent to the participants in advance. It contains the following information: the purpose and objectives of the event, the time and place of the event, the management of its preparation and implementation, the requirements for participants, the program of competitions and competitions, the amount of funding, the procedure and deadline for submitting applications for participation in the rally, the conditions for accepting participants, determining the results of the competition , awarding the winners Kodysh E.M. Tourist competition. - M.: FiS, 1990.
The choice of a venue for mass events requires taking into account a number of prerequisites: it must ensure the convenience of setting distances, the accommodation of participants, guests and fans, and also have convenient entrances and approaches. A prerequisite for the implementation of mass events is the safety of the competition and the location of the camp. It is also necessary to ensure the unconditional implementation of environmental protection measures.
One of the important aspects of the implementation of mass events is the organization of free time for their participants. It is necessary to provide for exhibitions of tourist equipment, photographs, as well as interesting meetings, prepare programs for song evenings, etc. For schoolchildren, the program of the tourist rally, in addition to competitions, includes various competitions and sports games.
Competitions in various types of tourism can be an integral part of the rally program or be held as separate events. It is widely practiced to hold competitions in hiking, mountain, water, ski, bicycle tourism, as well as in tourist orientation. The class of their complexity can vary from I to IV.
Pedestrian tourism. Among the events of this kind, hiking competitions are the most widespread. They attract with their entertainment, accessibility for everyone, their holding does not require the creation of special conditions even within the city or in the suburbs. The competition program may include a cross-travel distance, an obstacle course distance, as well as the performance of special tasks. The technical complexity of the stages of the competition adapts to the terrain and conditions in which they take place.
Mountain tourism. Competitions in the technique of mountain tourism consist of team and individual overcoming of distances that run through areas of mountainous or dissected terrain, as well as the implementation of special techniques. This is one of the most spectacular and popular types of tourism competitions. Separate elements of competitions in mountain tourism technique are included in the program of competitions in hiking Konstantinov, Yu.S. Children and youth tourism: a manual for teachers of educational institutions, institutions of out-of-school education and training / Yu.S. Konstantinov, S.S. Mitrahovich. - Minsk: National Institute of Education. - 2010.
During the competition, it is provided to overcome distances along a given or independently chosen route. It is allowed to use various special technologies at one distance or to connect several distances into one track. As a rule, competitions are held at altitudes that do not require acclimatization.
The distance implies the presence of various types of obstacles characteristic of mountainous terrain - rock massifs, steep grassy, snow and ice slopes, water barriers. On a flat territory, the tracks for this type of competition run along the steep slopes of river valleys, through quarries, brick or concrete walls of structures, etc.
A set of stages of varying degrees of difficulty can be as follows: climbing and descending a steep slope (grassy, snowy, ice), overcoming steep rocky areas (climbing a rock, descending on a rope), water obstacles. Preparation for competitions in mountain tourism technique requires the availability of special safety equipment. Areas of rocky outcrops are cleared of stones, earth, sand. Approaches to the track, as well as the location of judges and spectators, must be located on a safe area. Participants of the competition must have the means of insurance.
Water tourism. Water sports competitions attract tourists with a large and varied set of obstacles, technical methods of navigation and floating equipment. Competitions can be held on kayaks, rafts, catamarans. In water tourism, home-made equipment is used more widely than in other types. Competitions of water tourists are held in individual, personal-team and team competitions.
Ski tourism. Competitions in ski tourism are close to hiking in their program. They basically have the same stages, with the addition of ski technique stages. Given the natural conditions in which these competitions are held, the problem of the safety of participants is supplemented by concern for the health of tourists, due to the possibility of frostbite Konstantinov Yu.S. Children and youth tourism and education / Yu.S. Konstantinov, E.E. Lekareva // Education of schoolchildren. - 2010. - No. 7. - S. 45-49.
Recently, competitions in cycling tourism have been widely practiced. Cyclists compete in the technique of cycling, overcoming the cross-track, bicycle rally. Orienteering competition. Orienteering has become a separate sport. But the stages of orienteering are traditionally included in the program of tourist rallies. They allow you to find out the level of mastery of the orienteering skills necessary for every tourist, and contribute to their improvement.
Orienteering competitions are held in the following types: movement in a given direction, movement by choice, movement along a marked track. Each of their participants at the start receives a topographic map and must ensure that the route passes through the checkpoints (CP) in a certain order or by choice. On the marked route, the main task of the participants is to accurately map the route line and the location of the checkpoint.
The length of the distance in these competitions for men is 6-15 km, for women - 4-9 km. It is much shorter in the competitions of schoolchildren. Tourism at school: The book of the travel leader / I.A. Verba, S.M. Golitsyn, V.M. Kulikov, E.G. Ryabov. - M.: FiS, 1983. - 160s.
The area for the competition is chosen in such a way that there are clear restrictive objects on the ground - a highway, a river, a field, etc. Competitors must be informed in advance about the necessary actions in case they have to leave the course, or in case of loss of orientation. It is also necessary to warn them about all dangerous objects along the route (swamps, cliffs, etc.) and mark these places on the map.
In the campaign of the children's group, almost all tactical issues in the group are decided by adults - the head and his deputies, and only with rare exceptions do children take part in this. At competitions for schoolchildren, coaches deal with the issue of passing the distance, which do not take part in the passage of the route, and the result of the team depends entirely on their tactical decisions. Therefore, competitions among schoolchildren do not always reflect the real picture of the preparedness of teams, despite the high technical level of children, their knowledge and skills. Much attention in the organization and conduct of competitions should be paid to the quality of the preparation of the source material, the precise work of the judging panel, its qualifications, which must be at a very high level. The initial material, which is prepared by the head of the course and his assistants, consists in planning a certain set of obstacles (stages), which are equipped on the ground and plotted on the competition map. It is imperative to provide for the equipment of several equivalent threads at each stage Ukhtinskaya M.V. Tourist-excursion activity in the organization of teenagers' leisure // Vestn.S. - Petersburg. state University of culture and arts. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 51-58.
It is desirable that the location of the stages be on natural obstacles, and not simulated ones, which will reduce the level of competition and the naturalness of the stage itself will be lost.
This type of competition is very spectacular, it can be included in the program of both school and republican competitions. The set of stages should be determined based on the experience of the participants, local conditions, and the preparedness of the judges. The main requirements for the distance are safety, dynamism, entertainment.
The result of the team is determined by the sum of the time for passing the distance and the penalty time received during the passage of the stages.
At competitions at the school and municipal level, it is recommended to use a system of three attempts instead of penalties, when each participant is given three attempts to overcome the stage, after which he continues to move (that is, there is a time penalty). It is possible to introduce a simplified system of fines, based on the following criteria: task completed; the task was completed with an error; task not completed. The penalty at each stage must be reported to the participant by the judge.
At the stages, where possible, mutual assistance of the participants is allowed.
The team must go through all the stages in the order determined by the panel of judges. Most often, in competitions, a through passage is allowed, when team members do not wait for each other at the stages (if this is not determined by the judges), but begin the task immediately after arriving at the stage. This gives the team more options for choosing tactics.
At the stages associated with the movement along the railing, the participant who passed
Rice. 120.
who walks the railing, gives the command “Rails are free”, after which the next participant can start moving. This helps to avoid two participants on the railing at the same time. Recommended Steps Stage "Taking down the tent"
At least two people are involved in the removal of the tent, who put the tent, posts and pegs in a bag at the start and finish area.
Stage "Overcoming the wetland over bumps"
A stage with a length of up to 15 meters is selected on a natural wetland or equipped with artificial bumps, which are installed in a zigzag manner so that in the middle of the stage there is a forced change of the jogging leg. Stage boundaries are marked. The passage of the first and last bumps is obligatory, the rest - in any order.
Stage "Knitting knots»
Member pulls out
a card with the name of the node from among the listed: "direct",
"conductor at one end", "bowline", "grasping", "stirrup",
"eight", "oncoming", "bramshkotovy"
And he ties his knot, after which he moves on to the next step.
The knot is considered to be tied correctly if it meets the referee's standard (should be posted at the start), there is no twisting of the rope and there is a control knot (except for the "oncoming" and "eight").
At the invitation of the referee, the representative of the team gets acquainted with the knots tied by the team members and signs the protocol for the fine received.
Stage "Crossing on a stretched rope with railings"
The stage is equipped by the organizers of the competition, the length of the crossing
From 15 to 20 meters. The participant, holding the railing with both hands and moving the lanyard carabiner between them, moves along the lower rope with an added step. When falling off the lower rope, the participant pulls himself up, stands on it and continues to move. Self-insurance is carried out with the help of a “mustache”, which is fastened with a carabiner to the railing and to the chest crosshair of the harness.
Only one participant can be attached to the railing with the “mustache” of the lanyard and stand with their feet (one foot) on the lower rope, loading it at the crossing. Accompaniment of participants is possible.
Stage "Climbing the slope using the railing"
The steepness of the slope is 30-40 , the length of the stage is up to 40 meters. The railings are guided by the judges or the team. In the case when it is necessary, the participant rises with the top judge's insurance. The participant is insured to the vertical railing with a grasping "whisker".
Stage "Descent down the slope using the railing»
The steepness of the slope, the length of the stage, equipment and penalties - similar to the "climbing the slope" stage.
Stage "Crossing the river (ravine) on a log»
The length of the log is 5-10 meters, the diameter is 20-30 cm. The obstacle is overcome one at a time. If necessary, referee insurance is applied. The participant insures for the railing with a working "mustache", fastens the auxiliary rope (shuttle) to the chest harness and overcomes the obstacle.
Stage "Movement along horizontal railings with re-stitching»
The participant moves along the slope, insuring himself for the horizontal railing with a working "mustache". Having approached the place of re-fastening, it is re-fastened and continues to move.
Stage "Crossing a water barrier on boats"
The length of the stage is up to 50 meters, the speed of the river flow is no more than 2-3 m/s. Watercraft and vests are provided by the judges. The crossing is possible by raft, boat.
Stage "Setting up the tent"
The tent is set up by any number of participants. The tent is placed on 2 posts and 10 pegs, the entrance is not fastened, the posts are located outside. At the captain's signal “Ready”, the judge assesses the correctness of the tent installation. If the tent is set up correctly, the judge gives the command "Accepted". If the tent is set up incorrectly, the team is given the opportunity to correct the mistakes.
Stage "Firing a fire»
You can boil water or burn the thread. It is allowed to use only natural materials and any number of matches for kindling (previously the package with matches is thrown into the water), but only one match can be lit at a time. The amount of water in the pot - 1 liter; if water is spilled, then it is added to this volume. It is allowed to cover the fire from the wind with a windbreaker and regulate the flame with a stick.
When the thread is burned, the level of stacking brushwood is limited to a wire stretched at a height of 30-50 cm.
The end of the stage is the breakage of the burnt thread or, when water is boiled, the appearance of a “white key” in the dishes.
For the use of referee matches - 120 s (4 points).
Other stages are also possible: packing a backpack, overcoming a slope, carrying the “victim”, moving in azimuth, etc.
The order of passing the stages is determined by the panel of judges, however, the following scheme has traditionally developed: the start is the removal of the tent; technically difficult stages that require skills in working with ropes are placed in the first half of the distance, since they accumulate a team and until they are completed, it is impossible to start the next team. For entertainment and speeding up the competition, if the number of judges and the nature of the terrain allow, two equivalent distance strings are made.
It should be noted that the competition rules contain more penalties than we recommend, but experience shows that only experienced judges can fully use them, therefore the number of penalties should be small. The main requirement is that the judge does not have the right to release the participant to the stage if the participant is not ready for this from the point of view of safety and cannot eliminate the existing shortcomings. The referee must enforce the safety rules by penalizing the contestant with time, not with a penalty. Since there are many different methods of working with ropes in tourism, there should be one requirement - any method is allowed that guarantees the safe passage of the stage.
Recently, individual team competitions in tourist equipment have become increasingly popular, allowing you to check the tourist and technical training of each participant. The uniform and equipment are similar to those used in team competitions in tourist equipment. A personal draw is held among the participants, it is recommended to set the starting interval of 3-5 minutes. Each participant passes the distance, overcoming all the stages, the result is determined by the sum of the time for passing the distance and the penalties received during the passage of the stages. The winner is determined by the smallest amount of time, if the results are equal, the advantage is given to the participant with the smallest amount of penalty time. The team result is determined by the amount of time shown by all qualifying participants.
Requirements for the distance and stages - dynamism, safety, entertainment. Before going to the start, participants undergo a pre-start check.
The system of penalties is similar to that used in team competitions in tourist equipment.
At the “Pendulum” stage, the participant, standing behind the control line and using a pendulum vertical rope, must overcome a stream or ravine (control section).
At the stages “Hinged crossing” and “Crossing on a rope with a railing”, the panel of judges can set a control time, after which a participant who has not overcome the stage is removed from it.
At competitions of a school and municipal scale, it is possible to hold competitions in tourist equipment in the form of a relay race, when participants go through stages, practicing penalties by running penalty circles. It is necessary to choose stages that do not require the ability to work with ropes, i.e. are not technically complex and allow refereeing on a simplified scale - the task is completed (no penalty), the task is completed with errors (one penalty loop), the task is not completed (two penalty loops). There is a large field for the initiative of the panel of judges, since there are no rules for this type of competition and you can experiment. The relay race can be carried out by setting the condition that each team member goes through all the stages, or you can make the team (suppose 3 participants) go through all the stages in total, for example 9. Then each participant must go through three stages, and the sequence of them passing is determined by the team itself, which greatly diversifies the tactics of the teams.
Scenario of a tourist and local history holiday for schoolchildren of grades 6-8 "Around the native land with a backpack"
Goals:Lesson plan:
1. Introductory stage.
2. The main stage.
2.1. Acquaintance.
2.2 Warm-up "Quiz"
2.3 Relay "Get ready for a hike"
2.4 Get to the place
2.5 Tourist equipment.
2.6. Crossing.
2.7. Installation of a bivouac.
2.8.Light the fire
3.Final
Teacher: Hello guys. Today we have a tourist and local lore holiday "Around the native land with a backpack." We will make a fascinating journey into the world of tourism. We will find out what they do and what tourists learn on hikes and at competitions, as well as what unites these romantics of the road.
Who are tourists and what do they do?
What does the word "tourism" mean? This word comes from the French "journey", and you can travel in different ways. On the territory of our region you can engage in all types of tourism.
-What types of tourism do you know?
Teacher: Well done boys! But before we start our holiday, I will introduce the jury today, which will evaluate. (Jury presentation). And our first competition "Quiz".
1.Competition "Quiz" (application)
Teacher: Well done! -So, we're on our way. Without what important item of tourist equipment the trip will not take place? (backpack)
-A backpack is a true friend of any tourist. Camping house, which is always near. The tourist has to assemble and disassemble it several times a day. Packing a backpack is a whole science. We will try to comprehend some of its basics now.
- The first participant with an empty backpack runs to the hoop, in which various objects are scattered. His task is to take only one item that can be useful on a hike, put it in a backpack, return to the team and pass the backpack to the next player who performs the same task. Attention, there are extra items in the hoop that we will not need on the hike, show your thinking and ingenuity.
2.Competition "Get ready for a hike"
Teacher: The backpack is packed, you can go hiking. There may be obstacles along the way. And the next competition "Get to the place"
3.Competition "Get to the place" (“Mousetrap” (we build it like this: we stretch a volleyball net between two gymnastic benches.) crawling under the net, “crossing” (skate and rope), log, hinged ladder, climb, traverse, descent (Swedish ladder))
Teacher: The obstacles that you have overcome can meet you on a hike. Did you know that in order to overcome them you need special equipment. In order to overcome obstacles, you need to learn how to use a safety system that will save a person's life in the most difficult situations. And we are starting the next competition "Tourist Equipment"
4. Competition "Tourist Equipment" (putting on the system, gloves, helmets, fastening carabiners)
Teacher: We continue our hike. All tourists should be able to get out of any situation. Ahead of you is a river and a small boat in which the whole team does not fit. And now the task is for the captains who must send the team to the next shore. In the hands of the captain of the team there is a hoop, this is the boat. The captain stands in a hoop, in turn he takes one member of the team into his hoop and runs across to the other side. And so on until the captain transfers the entire team.
5.Competition "Crossing"
Teacher: We made it safely to the parking lot. What needs to be done next? Correctly. Set up a camp.
6.Competition "Setting up a bivouac" (tent)
Teacher: Well done guys, the camp was established. But what is a hike without a campfire. And now
Now each team will light their own fire. In the hands of each player of the team are one log. At the signal of the leader, the guys take turns running to the line where they should build a fire, in the form of a well. The last player runs and puts a model of fire inside the fire. Than indicating to the jury that the fire is lit.
7. Competition "Light the fire"
Teacher: Our journey has come to an end. All showed their dexterity, strength, speed. And most importantly, we got a charge of vivacity and a lot of positive emotions!
Teacher: Today, guys, you have plunged a little into the multifaceted, interesting, full of impressions world of tourism. Of course, we have touched only a thousandth of this extraordinary hobby. Our holiday is coming to an end. But any trip should end on a good note, and now our jury has summed up the results. You have a word. (Awarding)
Application
Look at the picture carefully and answer the questions.
1. How many tourists live in this camp?
Answer: 4 tourists. 4 spoons and plates, wood list of 4.
2. When did they arrive here: today or a few days ago?
Answer: a few days ago. Web on the tent.
3. Why did they come here?
Answer: They came by boat. Paddles near the tree.
4. Is it far from the camp to the nearest village?
Answer: not far. The picture shows a chicken.
5.Where does the wind blow: from the north or south?
Answer: from the south. A flag is visible on the tent, which indicates the direction of the wind. If you look at the pines, then on the north side they have shorter branches. So the wind is blowing from the south.
6.What time of day is it?
Answer: morning. Using the previous answer, you can determine the cardinal points, and looking at the shadow from the cook, you can see that the sun is in the east, which means it's morning.
7. Where did Shura go?
Answer: catch butterflies. Behind the bushes you can see a net.
8. Who was on duty yesterday? (Call by name.)
Answer: Kohl. Today it is not Shura who is on duty (he catches butterflies), not Kolya (he is by the backpack with the letter "K"), and not Vasya (he takes pictures, there is a tripod in his backpack with the letter "B"). So the person on duty is Petya, and yesterday Kolya was on duty.
9. What day of which month is today?
Answer: August 8th. Petya is on duty today, so it's the 8th. You can see the watermelon, so it's August.
Tourist competitions for schoolchildren
Tourist competitions, as a rule, are held in schools where there is a long-term practice of tourist work, a tourist club or circle is actively operating. They are organized in the form of an all-around and serve the purposes of promoting tourism, teaching tourist skills, summing up the work for a certain period.
It is best to plan tourist competitions at the end of May, when the results of the academic year are summed up, and the weather is favorable. However, some schools have a practice of holding them in the fall, in which case they are a kind of start of tourist work during the school year.
The venue of the competition should be convenient for the entrance and approach of groups, safe and have conditions for organizing most types of competitions. It is also necessary to have water for drinking and household needs, firewood. It is better when the same glade is used for school competitions from year to year. At the same time, such organizational issues as obtaining permission from local authorities, providing cartographic material, developing routes, delivering and sending groups are easier to solve. And since the guys are constantly changing age groups, you can not be afraid of repeating distances in 2-3 years.
preparation for the competition begins in advance. A headquarters is being created, which includes teachers, representatives from each class responsible for preparing the team, members of the Komsomol committee. A detailed plan for the preparation of competitions is being developed, indicating specific events, the timing of the preparation of competitions, indicating specific events, deadlines, and responsible persons. The plan is approved by the principal of the school and brought to the attention of all members of the headquarters. The plan reflects the issues of material equipment of both the competitions themselves and the class teams of recruiting a referee colleague, preparing the venue and distance, organizing classes with class teams. The panel of judges is also completed in advance. Headquarters members decide what types of competitions can be organized on their own, and which parents or chefs should be invited to judge. As a rule, high school students with experience in hiking and participating in competitions are widely involved in judging.
Regulations on competitions must be developed as early as possible, familiarizing not only teachers, but also children with it. The Regulations detail the conditions for holding each type of competition: the actions of teams and participants, the system of penalties, summing up. For representatives of teams in each type of competition, consultations, practical exercises indoors and on the ground are planned. The chief judges for the types of events make lists of the necessary equipment and equipment and hand them over to the chief judge. He brings them together, after which the question is decided where to get the missing equipment. Part of the equipment - pegs and awnings for tents, the simplest campfire devices, etc. - can be made by the children themselves in school workshops, depending on established traditions, the availability of equipment is completed by the composition of the participants. As a rule, these are class teams, and it is recommended to limit the minimum number of participants in the team. Depending on the number, classes compete with each other in parallel or unite in groups. It is not necessary to prepare separate tracks for each group, you can skip them over the same distance, excluding some stages and summing up the results within each group. It is best to conduct competitions in two stages. The purpose of the first stage is to prepare the guys for the final competitions. It runs from September 1st to May 1st. During this period, the class teams must make a tourist trip with the obligatory assignment of the developed route and the publication of a wall newspaper based on the results of the trip. The result of the team consists of the number of points received for the developed route passport, the published wall newspaper and the trip itself. To increase the mass character, you can assign 1 point to the class for each participant in the trip, and to increase the parental asset, 3 points for each parent who took part in the trip. For a 2-day hike with an overnight stay, the number of points is doubled. The provision can also stipulate such a condition: the results of two campaigns are submitted to the panel of judges, but the best one is accepted for offset.
The result of this type of competition can be a good file of routes, including a technical description, a diagram, access options, recommendations for passing. The program of the first stage can include a number of group consultations on various elements (setting up a tent, lighting a fire with burning a thread, moving in azimuth, providing first aid, topographical preparation, packing a backpack, after which mini-competitions can be held.
Classes are organized as follows.
On one of the days, for representatives of all teams (4 people per class), a consultation is held on setting up a tent: the sequence is shown, attention is drawn to mistakes, and an opportunity is given to practice. At the end of the lesson, each team receives tasks: to prepare for a mini-competition for setting up a tent for speed, which will take place next week. After consultation on topographic preparation, you can conduct a topographic dictation, exercises to determine the distance on the map. In this way, you can work out many elements necessary for a hiking trip. The results of all mini-competitions and the places occupied by the class in each of them are entered into the protocol.
At the first stage, it is possible to hold a training competition in linear orienteering on a marked track (the number of participants is not limited). They consist of the following. The participant moves along the marked track, and he has a route thread on his map. Encountering a control point (CP) on its way, the participant must put it on the map: make a puncture with a pin and cross it out crosswise with a colored pencil at the next CP. Result offset - according to the time of passing the distance plus a penalty for an error at the checkpoint (1 min. for 1 mm of deviation).
It is very important that the school has posted a summary report of the results of the first stage of the competition, in which the results of each event would be recorded.
The program of the second stage of the competition can include a control combined route, orienteering by choice, tourist equipment (obstacle course) and testing of tourist skills. It is possible to have time to conduct all these types within one day under the following conditions: KKM is organized in the form of a trip to the competition site for 2-3 hours; orientation by choice takes no more than 1.5 hours; the obstacle course is short, technically uncomplicated and dynamic; tourist skills are tested during these three types of competitions.
Control Combined Route(KKM) is carried out as a tourist trip, during which each team performs various tasks in local history, tourist equipment, topography, orientation, and first aid.
On the route, the team overcomes various obstacles, choosing their own tactics and way of safe passage. In this case, the team scores points. If the guys are not ready to add any stage, they can skip it, losing the corresponding number of points. A certain time is set for the passage of each stage - HB (normal time). If the team overcomes the stage faster, it does not benefit from this, and for exceeding the HB, it is given fewer points.
We propose to include the following steps in the CCM:
Prelaunch check(maximum score 20 points). The captain's response from the team's actions in an emergency - up to 4 points. The answer of one of the participants (by lot) about the citizens of the competition areas - up to 4 points. Checking the personal equipment of one of the participants (by lot) - up to 3 points. Availability and composition of a first aid kit, repair kit, group equipment - up to 3 points for each element. For a missing item, 1 point is deducted, but no more than 3 points in each list.
Knowledge of first aid procedures(maximum score - 20 points, control time - 15 minutes). Two representatives from the team receive cards indicating the diagnosis of injury and illness. Using the sets of signs of injuries, diseases and first aid provided in the cards, the team chooses the correct answer (writes down the font). Up to 5 points are given for each answer.
Providing first aid for a conditionally specified injury(maximum score 10 points). The list of injuries is predetermined. Correct execution - 10 points, with errors - 5 points, incorrect - 0 points.
Transportation of the "victim"(maximum score - 10 points). The team makes means of transportation from scrap materials and transports the “injured”. Correct transportation - 5 points, with errors - 2, 5, incorrect - 0 points. Similarly, the correct manufacture of means of transportation is evaluated.
Determining the distance on the map(maximum score - 3 points). The team uses the available tool (ruler or compass), determines the distance between points on the map. With an error of up to 5% - 3 points, up to 10% - 2, up to 15% - 1, more than 15% - 0 points.
Determination of the azimuth to three landmarks(maximum score - 9 points). The team uses a compass to determine the azimuth to the indicated orientations. With an error of up to 5 degrees - 3 points, up to 10 degrees -2, up to 15 degrees - 1, over 15 degrees -0 points.
Bivouac(maximum score -10 points). The team for the control time (1 hour) must put up tents and boil water.
Marked route. The team, moving along the marking, traces the path of movement on the map and marks the location of the checkpoint with a puncture, and at the next checkpoint crosses out the puncture with a pencil. With an error of up to 2 mm - 6 points, up to 4 mm - 4, up to 6 mm - 0 points. For completing the task in the established HB, the team receives 10 points.
Designated route. The team moves along the route indicated on the map, passing through the checkpoints set on the ground, but not marked on the map. For visiting each checkpoint, 5 points are given, the reward for HB when visiting all the checkpoints is 20 points.
Open route.
The team must cover a route of several kilometers with the help of the map, passing in a back-to-back order through the control. Score-like signposted route.
Orientation by "legend"
(route description). The team moves without a map according to the “legend” with indication of azimuths and distance, passing through the checkpoint if it goes correctly. For visiting each checkpoint -3 points, the reward for HB when visiting all checkpoints -10 points
Azimuth course. Having received the initial data (azimuth and stroke length - up to one km), the team moves to the specified point. When entering the finish line, the number of the pole is recorded. With an error of up to 5% of the stroke length -15 points, up to 10% -10, up to 15% -5, with more than 15% -0 points. Bonus for HB (only with an error of up to 10%) -10 points.
Determining the distance to an inaccessible object. The team determines the distance to an inaccessible object in any way known to it. With an error of up to 5% -6 points, up to 10% -4, up to 15% -2, over 15% -0 points.
Depending on the level of training of teams, other elements can be included in KKM - descents and ascents with a rope, a mounted crossing, as well as elements of local history related to the school curriculum: determining vegetation, measuring water flow, etc.
Each team has a record route book in which the guys make a mark on the passage of the stage and the result. The main requirement for the work of judges: the team, leaving the stage, must find out its result. Orienteering stages are completed using any available map, but it is better to use a sports map made for orienteering competitions.
tourist obstacle course It is carried out, as a rule, for the older age group and consists in the successive passage of the stages of a strip with a length of 300-500 m by the whole team. For children of the younger and middle age groups, it is replaced by a tourist relay race, where the baton is a rukzak. The result of the team is determined by the time spent on overcoming the obstacle course, and the penalty time received for errors in the stages. The team consists of 4-6 people. It is recommended to pass through the stage, i.e. participants do not wait for each other. Where possible, mutual assistance is permitted.
Approximate stages of the tourist obstacle course:
Removing the tent(start). At least 2 people participate. The team lays down the tent, the stakes and pegs must be put away in the bag.
The passage of the "swamp" on the "bumps". Participants overcome the "boggy" area of the terrain along 10 "hummocks". The passage of the first and last "hummocks" is mandatory, the rest are optional. For the failure of one or both legs from the "bump" a penalty time of 60 seconds is given, and each participant can be fined only once.
Transportation of the "injured". Members of the team, in any way, carry the “victim”, preventing him from falling to the ground. In case of a fall, the stage starts over. The task can be complicated by offering to build a stretcher with the help of poles and two windbreakers or jackets.
Kindling a fire and burning a thread. At a height of 70 cm from the ground, a thread is pulled between the racks, and at a height of 30 cm, a wire is a limiter for brushwood. Two representatives from the team must light a fire from one match, using only natural materials, and burn the thread.
Blockage. It is constructed from logs, height up to 150 cm, corridor width - 4 m. Mutual assistance is allowed. Penalty: exiting the corridor - 90 sec., loss of equipment 30 sec.
Setting up a tent ( finish) . Any number of participants is allowed. The tent is placed on 2 outdoor posts and 10 pegs. The entrance is not closed. After building the team, at the signal of the captain, the stopwatch is turned off, the judge evaluates the correctness of the task. If the tent is set up correctly, the referee gives the command. If errors are found, the team is given another try. If the team sets up the tent again with errors, they receive a penalty of 30 seconds.
Immediately after passing the distance, the team must know its preliminary result - not only the net running time, but also the penalties on the stages. To do this, one of the judges follows the team through all the stages (it can be a schoolchild). He collects information about penalties from the judges at the stages and reports it to the chief secretary. Information is promptly processed and reported to the team in the form of a preliminary result. This removes many controversial issues that arise towards the end of the competition.
To prevent conflict situations before the start of the competition, it is necessary to lead the captains along the distance, explaining at each stage (in the presence of a judge) the procedure for passing it, the system of penalties. This will help to avoid different interpretations of actions and, consequently, protests.
If the terrain allows, there are a sufficient number of judges and equipment, two lines can be made. which will significantly reduce the time for passing the tourist obstacle course and make it more dynamic.
It is useful to include schoolchildren in tourist competitions choice orientation. At the start, participants receive a map with applied CPs, which have a score in points. The task of each is to score as many points as possible in a certain time (from 45 to 60 minutes). Penalty points are deducted from the result for exceeding the control time - a certain amount for each overdue minute. the participant with the most points.
The start in orienteering by choice can be general or group. If there are many participants, they are divided into races, so that members of the same team start at different times, and the races of boys and girls alternate.
It is recommended to issue the map 2-3 minutes before the start, so that each participant can familiarize himself with it, outline the path of movement. Then, on the “Start” command, the guys will not run, without even looking at the map, for the most experienced, but will try to work independently.
The distance must meet the following requirements: 1. As many control points as possible are set up on the ground. 2. The distance is planned so that there are several equivalent options for movement. 3. CPs stand on solid landmarks that exclude search.
There are several options for setting distances for competitions of choice. One of them is when the cost of the control is determined by its difficulty. The farther the control is from the start, the more difficult it is to find, the more points it will bring to the athlete. In this case, the start and finish are reimbursed in the center of the map, so that the participants have more options for movement.
For competitions involving beginners, a course scheme is recommended. All controls have the same value, eg 2 points. The start and finish are spaced at a distance not exceeding 1 km, 1-2 checkpoints are set between them, while the main number of checkpoints is located away from the direct route. With such a system, a poorly trained participant moves to the finish line along a direct route, and a well-prepared participant moves through the area where the checkpoints are set more densely. You can enter a mandatory minimum of checkpoints that participants must visit. be at the beginning of the finishing corridor.
Orienteering competitions are held with sports maps at a scale of 1:15000 or 1:20000. For schoolchildren, the scale can be 1:10000. In the event that there is no map for the competition area, we recommend organizing azimuth competitions. They consist of the following. At the start, the participant receives a card indicating the azimuth and distance to the checkpoint equipped with a prism with a cipher. A colored pencil or a stamp is hung here for marking. for a time, a distance of no more than 2 kilometers from CP 5-6. The card can indicate the azimuths and length of the entire distance, or only the distance to the first CP, where the participant will receive the azimuth and distance to the second CP, etc.
Orienteering competitions are held as individual-team competitions. It is better for beginners to release 2 people together, but from one card. This will give the guys confidence and ensure greater safety for the competition.
Tourist skills test. This is the most difficult type of competition for judging, since it is impossible to develop clear criteria for the entire range of issues that make up the life of a tourist group. Here, the personal experience of a judge acting as an expert, his tourist and teaching experience means a lot.
Tourist skills are judged by three judges, each of whom works independently, and the score is average. Judging is carried out throughout the course of the competition and consists of the following indicators: the group’s exit on the route, arrival at the competition site, equipment, the state of the camp and kitchen, food storage , providing first aid. When a group enters the route, the judges evaluate its appearance, the correctness of packing backpacks, the composition of the first-aid kit, i.e. those elements that go to the pre-launch check at the KKM. When assessing the equipment of the group with equipment, the presence of metal pegs, racks for tents, campfire devices, and the correct selection of dishes for cooking are checked.
The panel of judges makes 2-3 rounds of all bivouacs, evaluates cleanliness and order, compliance with the daily routine by the group and individual participants, discipline, checks the condition of the kitchen, group and personal dishes, hygiene and its storage, the availability of firewood. Particular attention is paid to the storage of products, their accounting and issuance, as well as the provision of first aid.
The results of competitions in tourism skills, as a rule, are summed up last and significantly affect the distribution of places in the final protocol. In order to avoid protests from the teams, each judge during the tour should bring his comments and assessment to the group. As a basis, we recommend taking a 5-point rating system for each position as the most understandable for the guys. The results of the tourist skills test should be posted for review within one hour after the tour .
In addition to the competitive part, the program of tourist competitions also includes various competitions: emblems, amateur art, chefs, battle sheets, newspapers, etc. The attitude to participation in these competitions will be much more responsible if the result of the competitive program is included as one of the types in the final protocol of the competition. So, for example, when holding 5 types of competitions, the team result can be determined by the sum of places - points received for participating in three competitions.
One of the main criteria for evaluating competitions should be the independence and creativity of the children themselves. So, for example, when holding competitions of battle sheets, the participation of the team leader can be completely excluded, allocating time and space for the work of the children's editorial board. It is better to hold an amateur art and tourist song contest in the form of a performance by propaganda teams, giving the topic of the performance in advance.
Important elements of tourist competitions are the procedures for their opening and closing, rewarding participants. It is necessary that an opening scenario be developed, a parade commander appointed, a flagpole prepared, and musical accompaniment issues resolved, at least using a portable tape recorder. Guests of honor, war veterans can be invited to the opening and labor from among the parent asset; introduce the main panel of judges, judges by types, bring to all participants the conditions of the competition.
One of the main issues of holding tourist competitions is security. It includes checking the suitability of drinking water, eliminating dangerous places at distances, ensuring the duty of a medical worker and a police officer. It is very important to provide access roads to the competition site so that in the event of an injury or illness of a participant, he can be immediately taken to the nearest medical aid point.
It is necessary to solve sanitary issues in advance: build temporary toilets, prepare garbage pits, places for washing dishes and washing. Particular attention should be paid to the issues of bathing children: to establish a constant watch on the reservoir, to prohibit swimming alone, without adult accompaniment.
If a sharp deterioration in weather has occurred a few days before the competition, they must be rescheduled or canceled altogether. However, just rainy weather should not be an obstacle for either the guys or the leaders. In this case, you can simplify the distances, shorten the program, but still try to hold the maximum number of events.
M.G. Falkovsky tourism instructor, teacher of the highest category, sports referee.
