Insects are creatures that can adapt to any conditions. That is why they are available anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, along with their population, they spread a huge number of diseases to animals and people. Some of the viruses are lethal even in small quantities. This is why the problem cannot be ignored. Pharmaceutical scientists have invented acaricides to combat insects.
The problem of pathogenic insects has existed for decades. Previously, it was treated with phosphorus and chlorine organic preparations. Unfortunately, they are very toxic and leave behind adverse effects. The youngest and oldest animals suffered especially, because their immunity is unable to independently fight either insects or the side effects of drugs.
Why contact with insects is dangerous for people and animals:
Other insects can cause scabies, ear mites, and itch mites.
Today syntactic insectoacaricidal drugs are used. They are safer for animals and people, but this is not their only advantage compared to previous acaricidal preparations against ticks and other insects:
When applied to a four-legged friend, the product retains its protective properties for up to one month, which prevents infection during walks, contact with a public body of water, or when interacting with sick animals.
The forms of release of the drugs are completely different: collars, sprays, shampoos, drops. To the most popular liquid products relate:
View protective agent depends on the size of the animal, weight and degree of infection. You can use special collars:
Whatever the reviews about acaricides, you should not self-medicate your pets. It is better to visit a veterinarian and get exact recommendation, as it may vary depending on the type of animal, size and stage of the disease.
Insectoacaricides- preparations of chemical or biological origin intended to combat simultaneously harmful insects and ticks.
contact, causing the death of insects upon contact of the substance with any part of it;
intestinal, causing poisoning of harmful insects when poison enters the body with food;
systemic, capable of moving around vascular system plants and poison the insects that eat them;
fumigants that act on insects in a vapor state through the respiratory system.
Substances included in various classes of chemical compounds are used as insectoacaricides: organochlorine - halogen derivatives of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons; organophosphorus; derivatives of carbamanic, thio- and dithiocarbamic acids (carbamates); synthetic pyrethroids, etc.
It should be noted that representatives of the same class may have different active and toxic properties with similar chemical structure. Each substance has characteristics and differs from its relatives less often in direction, more often in the strength of its insectoacaricidal and toxic action. Despite these differences, members of the same class of compounds have similar properties and quite often the same primary mechanisms of action.
For many insectoacaricides, maximum permissible residual quantities have been developed. food products and methods for their determination. At the same time, in order to prevent human exposure to meat products containing residues of insectoacaricides, the slaughter of animals is permitted 15-65 days after stopping the use of drugs. Meat from livestock forcedly killed during the treatment period is used in accordance with clause 68 of the Rules for Veterinary Inspection of Slaughter Animals.
Many insectoacaricides have been found to have negative properties: hepatoxic (CHOS, FOS), carcinogenic (carbamates), mutagenic (hexachlorocyclohexane, DCVP, chlorophos, neocidol, etc.) and teratogenic (chlorophos, diphos, TMTD, Sevin, etc.) actions.
For veterinary practice great importance have phosphorus-containing, organochlorine, carbamate compounds and pyrethroids.
Organophosphorus compounds (OP)
The mechanism of action of FOS on insects and mammals is the same and consists of inhibition of cholinesterase, the physiological role of which in the body is very important. Cholinesterase, destroying excess acetylcholine, which is a mediator of nerve impulses, ensures the balance of cholinergic systems. The blockade of cholinesterase caused by an organophosphorus insecticide leads to the accumulation of excess amounts of acetylcholine and poisoning of the body with characteristic nicotine-like (excitement, twitching and muscle paralysis) and muscarinic-like (nausea, vomiting, lacrimation and salivation, increased intestinal motility, diarrhea, frequent urination, bronchospasm, miosis , pulmonary edema) symptoms.
In case of insect poisoning, tremors of the entire body (mainly limbs), loss of coordination of movements with loss of the ability to fly are observed: in some cases, for example, in horseflies, defecation is observed, and in gadflies, frequent release of the ovipositor, paralysis and death.
DDVF (dichlorvos, dnchlorvos, chlorvinyl-phos). The chemically pure preparation is a colorless mobile liquid; technical preparation - light brown liquid. Dissolves in water up to 1%. It hydrolyzes relatively quickly in acidic and alkaline environments to form dichloroacetaldehyde, dimethylphosphoric acid and some other compounds. Due to its high volatility (145 mg/m) at an air temperature of 20 °C, it can easily penetrate the body through the respiratory tract of animals, intact skin and cause complications.
Chlorophos (trichlorfon, dschgerex). White crystalline powder with a melting point of 83-84 "C. Well soluble in water (12.3%) and in most organic solvents (for example, chloroform, benzene). Poorly soluble in hexane and pentane. Rapidly decomposes in light, as well as in an alkaline environment where dehydrochlorination occurs. In an acidic environment it is more persistent. Detrimental to insects and helminths. The strength and speed of the insecticidal action is significantly inferior to DDVF. Used to treat animals against flying insects. Cows are treated after milking.
Neocidol (bazudine, diazinon). IN pure form- colorless oil with a faint pleasant odor; technical preparation - yellowish or light brown oil. It is poorly soluble in water (40 mg/l at 20 °C) and well soluble in most organic solvents.
Used only for treating sheep against psoroptosis. Cattle cannot be processed. The drug is classified as moderately toxic, but the main product of neocidol hydrolysis is diethylthiophosphoric acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine. Under certain conditions, its decomposition produces very toxic metabolites: dithiotetraethyl pyrophosphate; thiotetraethylpyrophosphate and orthodiazinone (LD50 for rats when administered orally - 1 mg/kg of animal weight), which have anticholinesterase activity.
Hypodermin-chlorophos. 11.6% oil-alcohol solution of chloroph:;a. Transparent yellowish liquid with a slight aromatic odor. Shake it every time before use. Used against the subcutaneous gadfly for treatment by watering cattle. Contraindicated in sick, severely emaciated animals, as well as cows 2 weeks before calving.
Dioxaphos. 16% solution of chlorophos in an organic solvent.
It is used to treat cattle against the subcutaneous gadfly by pouring a thin stream onto the back on both sides of the spinal column from the withers to the sacrum of the animal.
Organochlorine compounds (OCCs)
Group of drugs used in agriculture for various purposes. In veterinary practice, chlorinated derivatives of cyclic hydrocarbons (hexachlorocyclohexane and its analogues, gamma isomer HCH, etc.) are most often used.
A characteristic feature of COS is high persistence, i.e. resistance to the influence of factors external environment. COCs persist in soil for up to 1 year, and in livestock buildings for several months. At the same time, poisoning of animals is often recorded in practice, which is due to their tendency to cumulate. Due to the fact that COCs are lipotropic substances, they accumulate primarily in organs and tissues rich in lipids and cross the placental and blood-brain barriers well. When administered in the diet, COS are well absorbed by the mucous membranes of the digestive tract with the subsequent formation of metabolites in the body of animals, the toxicity of which is unequal. In lactating animals, COS are excreted in milk.
In case of COS poisoning, anxiety, general agitation and increased reflex sensitivity, salivation, muscle tremors, increased peristalsis and the appearance of convulsions are noted. There are no antidote drugs for COS poisoning, so symptomatic treatment is used. COS and especially the gamma isomer HCH are used together with creolin for the treatment and prevention of psoroptosis in sheep.
Gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane, gammatox, etc.). Crystalline powder of a whitish-cream color with a specific odor. Available in powder form with varying levels of gamma isomer. The manual “On measures to combat sarcopticosis (scabies) of farm animals” (1981) shows the ratio of the gamma isomer depending on its percentage with creolin.
Folbex (acar-338). In its pure form it is light yellow crystals with a melting point of 36-37.5 °C. Soluble in alcohol and acetone. In water at 20 °C we will dissolve up to 13 mg/l.
It is used to combat varroosis of bees: insects are treated with it at an air temperature of at least 12 ° C, in the spring after the bees fly around, in the fall after pumping out honey. Consumption of the drug is one strip per 6 nesting combs. Stop using Folbex no later than 70 days before pumping out the honey.
Creolins
Phenolic-free creolin and stabilized creolin. In the first case - a mixture of coal oils and rosin, in the second - coal oils, rosin and bottom residues of butyl alcohols. Oily liquid dark brown with the smell of coal oils. Phenolic-free creolin thickens in the cold due to the precipitation of naphthalene; Stabilized creolin in the cold retains its aggregate properties without changes.
Activated creolin. The composition of the drug includes light-medium coal oil, rosin ( sodium salts abne-thinic and nimaric acids), ichthyol (sulfanasodium salts), water, 3% gamma isomer HCH. It is a dark brown thick liquid with a pungent odor of coal oils. A significant disadvantage of activated creolin is its high alkalinity (pH 11), which contributes to the gradual hydrolysis of the gamma isomer and a decrease in the acaricidal properties of the drug. During the cold season, a precipitate consisting of naphthalene precipitates in activated creolin. If there is sediment in the preparation, the barrels are heated to 35-40 ° C with the plugs open until completely dissolved, without pouring out the liquid part.
Plison. 12-10% suspension of diphenyl disulfide in coal oil with the addition of surfactants: rosin or OP-7, OP-10 or neonol. Viscous dark liquid with the smell of creolin.
Used for the treatment and prevention of psoroptosis in sheep.
Treatment of animals in case of poisoning is carried out by washing the stomach with an aqueous suspension of coal, burnt magnesia or sodium thiosulfate; inside - saline laxatives.
Pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids
To replace persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT, HCH, etc.) and substances from the group of organophosphorus compounds, the following generations of insecticides appeared - synthetic pyrethroids - products of modification of natural pyrethrin molecules. Like natural pyrethrins, pyrethroids are esterification products of cyclopropanecarboxylic acids, mainly substituted with alcohols of a certain structure.
Pyrethroids are characterized by relatively low consumption rates and relatively low resistance in environment, which is of great hygienic importance, because it reduces the likelihood of pollution of the biosphere. The most widely used are decamethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin. These. pyrethroids have varying toxicity to animals and humans; the most toxic are decamethrin and cypermethrin, which is explained by the presence of a CN group in their structure.
Permethrin (ambush, corsair). Preparative forms: stomazan (Hungarian drug) - 20% emulsion concentrate; creopyr (composition of creolin and 2% permethrin or 2% stomasan); anometrine N (20% emulsion concentrate); pyrvol (2% emulsion of permethrin on dioxanol).
Domestic permethrin is produced in the form of an oily liquid containing 84-85% of the active substance - (+) cis, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol.
Cypermethrin (cymbush, ripcord, etc.). It is a mixture of 4 diastereoisometric forms of cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate, each present as a pair of enantiomers; its preparative form is kinmiks - 25% emulsion concentrate (Hungary); creoquine (2% emulsion of kinmix on creolin) and various zoo shampoos and insecticidal pencils based on this pyrethroid.
Decamethrin (deltamethrin). Preparative forms: decis, butox - (15)-a-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl [P, 3-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. This is a white crystalline powder that comes into the country in the form of preparative forms decis (2.5% emulsion concentrate) and butox (5% emulsion concentrate), from which various zoo shampoos and insecticidal pencils are prepared.
(veterinary preparations for dogs and cats, as well as other domestic and farm animals)
aversectin ointment 0.05% ADV - aversectin C on an ointment basis has an insectoacaricidal effect for dogs, cats and fur-bearing animals, externally Packaging: 15 g, 20 g Manufacturer: "Pharmbiomed", Russian Federation
advantage 100 for dogs ADV - 10% imidacloprid insecticide, for dogs weighing from 4 to 10 kg Packaging: 4 pipettes Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
advantage 250 for dogs adv - 10% imidacloprid insecticide, for dogs weighing from 10 to 25 kg Packaging: 4 pipettes Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
advantage 40 for cats ADV - 10% imidacloprid insecticide, for cats weighing less than 4 kg Packaging: 4 pipettes Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
advantage 400 for dogs ADV - 10% imidacloprid insecticide, for dogs weighing over 25 kg Packaging: 4 pipettes Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
advantage 80 for cats ADV - 10% imidacloprid insecticide, for cats weighing over 4 kg Packaging: 4 pipettes Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
acaromectin spray ADV - 0.005% solution of ivermectin for the treatment of demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, etc. Packaging: 25 ml Manufacturer: NPO "NARVAK", Russia
amit ADV - amitraz, prednisolone and auxiliary components with acaricidal, bacteriostatic, fungiostatic, anti-inflammatory effects. For external use in the treatment of demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, otodectosis. Packaging: 15 ml, 4 pip. 1 ml each Manufacturer: Russia
amitrazine oil liniment ADV - amitraz 0.25% solution of amitrazine is an oily liquid yellow color with a characteristic odor. It has an acaricidal, anti-inflammatory and softening effect in the skin epidermis. Used for medicinal purposes for otodectosis (ear mites), notoedrosis and demodicosis in cats and dogs. After shaking the drug, a cotton-gauze swab is moistened with it and placed in the previously mechanically cleaned ears 1 time per day after 3 days until the clinical signs of the lesion disappear. For this, 3-6 treatments are enough. For demodicosis, the drug should be rubbed into the affected areas and additionally treat the area around the lesions for at least 1 cm (6-8 treatments). The drug is non-toxic and does not have a local irritant effect. Contraindicated in pregnant women and individually highly sensitive animals Packaging: 10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml Store in a dry place, protected from light. room temperature within 2 years. Manufacturer: "Polisan", Russian Federation
anandin plus ear drops treatment and prevention of otodectosis in dogs and cats Packaging: 5 ml Manufacturer: "Mediter", Russian Federation
baymek 1% ADV - ivermectin 1% to combat nematodes and arachnoenthomosis in animals Packaging: 100 ml Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
beafar ADV - diazinon insectacaricidal drops for large dogs Packaging: 5 pipettes Manufacturer: "Beaphar", Holland
beafar ADV - diazinon insectacaricidal drops for small dogs Packaging: 5 pipettes Manufacturer: "Beaphar", Holland
beafar collar 35 cm, 65 cm ADV - dimpilate protection against fleas and ticks for 5 months Manufacturer: "Beaphar", Hollandbio collar for dogs, cats Beaphar Manufacturer: "Beaphar", Holland
bolfo aerosol ADV - propoxur destruction of lice, fleas, lice and ixodid ticks in dogs and cats Packaging: 250 ml Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
Bolfo collar 35 cm ADV - propoxur protection against fleas up to 4 months, ixodid ticks up to 10 weeks Packaging: 1 pc. Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
Bolfo collar 66 cm ADV - propoxur protection against fleas up to 5 months, ixodid ticks up to 10 weeks Packaging: 1 pc. Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
bolfo powder ADV - propoxur destruction of lice, fleas, lice and ixodid ticks in dogs and cats Packaging: 100 g Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
bolfo insecticidal shampoo Packaging: tube. 100 ml ADV - propoxur flea destruction, lice and lice in dogs and cats Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
vedinol plus ointment ADV - Phoxim treatment of sarcoptic mange and demodicosis in cats and dogs Packaging: 25 g Manufacturer: "Veda", Russian Federation
Whiskas excelpet Aerosol for killing fleas in cats After combing the cat against the grain, treat from tail to head, holding the aerosol at a distance of 15 cm from the animal’s body. After treatment, the cat is combed and excess drug is removed, avoiding getting it into the eyes. Keep the cat until the drug dries completely (at least 30 minutes). If necessary, the treatment is repeated after 3-4 days. Kittens under 2 weeks of age and nursing cats should not be treated. The drug is flammable. The treatment is carried out in a ventilated area. Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C
griseofulvin(Griseofulvinum) Synonym: gricin. White crystalline powder with a bitter taste, poorly soluble in water. One of the main means of treating patients with dermatomycosis. It has a fungicidal effect on trichophytons, microsporums, epidermatophytons. Ineffective against candidiasis, also does not act on actinomycetes, molds and bacteria. Use internally and topically. It is used orally in the form of tablets (0.125 g each) and in the form of a suspension (100 ml each, 1 ml contains 0.1 g of grieofulvin). With this route of administration, the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is achieved after 4-7 hours and it selectively accumulates in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and the root zone of the hair, thus protecting the newly formed keratin from damage by dermatophytes. Griseofulvin is prescribed for trichophytosis in dogs, cats, fur-bearing animals and rabbits 2 times a day along with food for 3-5 weeks at a dose of 25-40 mg of the drug per 1 kg of animal weight. For topical use, use 2.5% liniment (30 g in jars). It is applied to the affected areas for 2 weeks until clinical signs disappear. If diarrhea or urticaria occurs, the drug is discontinued. Griseofulvin is contraindicated in patients with kidney and liver diseases. Packaging: except as specified, in powder, packaged in double plastic bags of 2, 3 and 4 kg. Store according to list B.
decor - 1 ADV - amitraza, permethrin and auxiliary components For external use in the treatment of demodicosis, carnivorous sarcoptic mange. Packaging: 20 ml Manufacturer: "Vetzverotsentr", Russian Federation
decor - 2 ear drops ADV - Amitraza, permethrin, auxiliary components Effective for otodectosis in cats, dogs, fur-bearing animals and other carnivores, once. Before using the drug, the auricle is treated with a damp swab soaked in vegetable oil until the external auditory canal is completely cleansed of mite waste products. Then wipe with a cotton swab with “Decor” applied to it. inner surface auricle. If necessary, the treatment is repeated after 8-10 days. The drug is flammable. Packaging: 3 ml, 5 ml syringe tube Store away from heating devices, in a place inaccessible to strangers at a temperature of 10-25 ° C for 3 years. Manufacturer: "Vetzverocenter", Russian Federation
dekta A highly effective drug for the treatment of otitis, ear scabies and demodicosis in domestic animals. Before instillation into the ear, the external auditory canal is cleaned of crusts with a cotton swab, then 3-5 drops of the drug are applied to each ear. For ear scabies, the treatment is repeated 2-3 times after 6-7 days; for otitis media, drops are used once a day for 5 days; in cases of demodicosis, the drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas and adjacent areas once a day after 2-3 days until the clinical signs of the disease disappear.
demos It is a liniment containing sulfur, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic components, bee products that have a bactericidal and acaricidal effect. Used to treat ear scabies in cats, dogs, rabbits and fur-bearing animals. It is injected with a pipette into the ear, 1.5-3 ml. When demodicosis in dogs, the affected areas of the body are cleaned with a cotton-gauze swab from crusts and scabs, then the affected areas and border areas of healthy skin are treated with demosom. Treatments are repeated 2-3 times with an interval of 2-3 days until the clinical signs of the disease disappear. Packaging: bottles of 10 and 20 ml. Store in a dry, dark place for 2 years.
defendog permethrin aerosol for the treatment of entomosis in dogs, externally, 50 ml/10 kg body weight Packaging: 250 ml Manufacturer: Virbac, France
dis collar for cats insectoacaricidal collar for cats, valid for 5 months Manufacturer: "DDD", Russian Federation
dis collar for dogs, protection against fleas and ticks for 5 months Manufacturer: "DDD", Russian Federation
dispur insectoacaricidal drops for dogs and cats Packaging: 15 ml Manufacturer: "DDD", Russian Federation
kiltix collar 48 cm, 66 cm protection against fleas and ticks for dogs, valid for 7 months after putting it on Packaging: 1 pc. Manufacturer: Bayer, Germany
otibiovin OTIBIOVIN sol.ad us. vet. Composition - 1 ml: Triamcinolonacetonid 0.500 mg Acidum salicylicum 5.000 mg, Gentamycinsulphat 2.000 mg Bromid karbethopendecinia 0.125 mg Ethanol 0.485 mg Aqua destillata ad 1.000 mg. It is a broad-based antibiotic and antifungal drug. Exposure affects a wide range of pathogenic gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. It is advisable to supplement with a semisynthetic corticoid from the group of glucocorticoids - triamcinolone, which has a nonspecific anti-inflammatory effect and a calming effect on tissue. Indications: acute bacterial and yeast ear infections and superficial dermatitis, especially otitis externa et media, as well as the prevention and treatment of infections during surgical interventions, in minor surgery - treatment of wounds, fistulas and abscess cavities. Application: externally to a sore spot. Method of administration and dosage: the drug is dripped into the ear canal, at the beginning of therapy 3-4 times a day, after 3 days - 2-3 times a day, always 4-5 drops, after which a light massage near the ear is recommended, which helps better penetration drug into the tissue. In case of advanced, crusty conditions, it is recommended to pre-wet the tissue and remove the crusts with tweezers. The duration of treatment is, as a rule, 5 - 7 days, but not more than 12 days (3 days after the disappearance of signs of the disease). Not intended for productive animals. Storage: at a temperature of 15 - 25 degrees Celsius, afraid of light. Shelf life: 2 years. The drug must be used within 12 days after first opening. Note: As a result of storage, slight cloudiness or even sediment may form, which will disperse after shaking. This cloudiness does not affect the effectiveness of the drug. Packaging: 20 ml, 15 ml. Manufacturer: Biovete, JSC Ivanovice na Hana, Czech Republic.
away ADV - 0.2% phoxim and 3% alpha pinene Ear drops with acaricidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects. Packaging: 10 ml Manufacturer: "VEDA" Russia
otodepin ADV - 3% oil solution of silbiol for the treatment of otitis, ear ulcers, otodectosis Packaging: 10 ml Manufacturer: "VEDA" Russia
otonazole Emulsion with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effect for the treatment of otitis media and externally for skin lesions Packaging: 10 ml, 100 ml Manufacturer: KRKA Slovenia
otoferonol For the prevention of ear diseases. Packaging: 5 ml Manufacturer: Bionix Russia
otoferonol gold ear drops General provisions: an acaricidal preparation in the form of ear drops, containing as active ingredients the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin (0.01), cycloferon (0.04%), propolis (0.05%) and auxiliary components. It is a transparent liquid that foams when shaken and has a blue opalescence. Pharmacological properties: Otoferonol gold has acaricidal, antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, activates regeneration processes in tissues. Directions for use: For the treatment of carnivores with ear scabies. Before treatment, carefully clean the ears from surface crusts and scabs with a swab moistened with the drug, and then instill 3-5 drops of the drug into each ear. In order to more completely treat the entire surface of the ear and auditory tract, the auricle is folded in half lengthwise and its base is lightly massaged. Treatment is carried out twice with a 5-7 day interval. If necessary, repeat treatment. Drops are always administered into both ears, even in cases of otodectosis affecting only one ear. Contraindications: The drug is not toxic to animals, in recommended doses it does not have a skin-resorptive or sensitizing effect, and may cause irritation of the mucous membranes. Storage conditions: in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children and animals, separate from products. Packaging: 5 ml Manufacturer: Bionix Russia
otoferonol plus ear drops General provisions: an acaricidal preparation in the form of ear drops, containing as active ingredients the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin (0.005%), cycloferon (0.04%) and auxiliary components. It is a transparent liquid that foams when shaken and has a blue opalescence. Pharmacological properties: has acaricidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects. Directions for use: for the treatment of carnivores with ear scabies. Before treatment, carefully clean the ears from surface crusts and scabs with a swab moistened with the drug, and then instill 3-5 drops of the drug into each ear. In order to more completely treat the entire surface of the ear and auditory tract, the auricle is folded in half lengthwise and its base is lightly massaged. Treatment is carried out twice with a 5-7 day interval. If necessary, repeat treatment. Drops are always administered into both ears, even in cases where only one ear is affected. Contraindications: the drug is not toxic to animals, in recommended doses it does not have a skin-resorptive or sensitizing effect, and may cause irritation of the mucous membranes. Storage conditions: in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children and animals, separate from products. Packaging: 5 ml. Manufacturer: Bionics Russia
preventef dog collar for dogs, protection against fleas and ticks for 5 months Manufacturer: Virbac, France
preventef cat collar for cats, protection against fleas and ticks for 5 months Manufacturer: Virbac, France
precipitated sulfur(Sulfur praecipitatum). A tiny amorphous yellow powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water. Used externally in the form of ointments (5, 10, 20%), liniments and powders in the treatment of skin diseases, trichophytosis and scabies. It can be administered orally as an expectorant and for dogs as a laxative. Oral doses: horses and cows up to 250 g, sheep up to 100, pigs up to 25, dogs up to 15, chickens up to 1 g Produced in powder Stored in well-sealed jars under normal conditions
purified sulfur(Sulfur depuratum) Fine powder of lemon-yellow color, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether. A sterile 1-2% solution of purified sulfur in peach oil (sulfozine) is sometimes used for pyrogenic therapy. Administer intramuscularly, starting from 0.5-2 ml. It is also used externally in the form of 5, 10, 20% ointments and powders for the treatment of skin diseases (scabies, psoriasis, etc.). Included in Wilkinson's ointment Produced in powder Stored in well-closed jars in a dry place
Serco drops for dogs ADV - diazinon drops for withers Packaging: 5 pipettes Manufacturer: OPH "Milet"
Serco drops for cats ADV - diazinon for fleas Packaging: 5 pipettes Manufacturer: OPH "Milet"
Serco drops for medium-sized dogs ADV - diazinon for fleas Packaging: 5 pipettes Manufacturer: OPH "Milet"
serco cat collar ADV - amitrac protection against fleas and lice for 5 months Manufacturer: OPH "Milet"
Serco flea collar for dogs ADV - amitrac protection against fleas and lice for 5 months Manufacturer: OPH "Milet"
tactician Designed to control scabies mites and lice, including varieties resistant to organophosphates and organochlorides
talc for killing fleas on cats Apply only to dry wool, preferably outside. After brushing the cat against the grain, talc is applied as close to the skin as possible, holding the animal for at least 30 minutes. If necessary, treatment is repeated after 3-4 days. For a one-time treatment, 5-10 g of talc is sufficient. Do not treat nursing cats or kittens under 12 weeks of age. It is unacceptable to get talc into the respiratory tract and eyes. Bedding and upholstered furniture are treated with a special aerosol. Store in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C
tiguwon 10 for treating cats: 1 tube for treating an adult cat weighing about 2 kg. Pregnant animals are not treated
Tiguvon 20 for dogs weighing 3-10 kg. Should not be used in puppy dogs or dogs weighing less than 3 kg.
Tiguvon 20G for dogs weighing over 10 kg: 1 tube for dogs weighing 10-25 kg, 2 tubes - 25-50 kg, 3 tubes - for dogs weighing over 50 kg
celandine collar house for cats
celandine collar dog house means for killing insects and for protection against their attacks Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine collar box for cats means for killing insects and for protection against their attacks Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine collar box for dogs means for killing insects and for protection against their attacks Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine super collar for cats means for killing insects and for protection against their attacks Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine collar super for dogs means for killing insects and for protection against their attacks Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine flea powder for cats
celandine flea powder for dogs insect killer Packaging: 300 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine puron against fleas for cats insectoacaricidal drops
celandine puron against fleas for dogs insectoacaricidal drops Packaging: 15 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine spray for cats insectoacaricidal spray
celandine spray for dogs insectoacaricidal spray Packaging: 125 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine ultra ear drops for cats ADV - permethrin drops with anti-tick effect Packaging: 15 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine ultra ear drops for dogs ADV - permethrin drops with anti-tick effect Packaging: 15 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom, RF
celandine flea shampoo for cats insectoacaricidal shampoo Packaging: 150 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
celandine flea shampoo for dogs insectoacaricidal shampoo Packaging: 150 ml Manufacturer: "Ekoprom", Russian Federation
insecticidal shampoo for dogs. Used to combat fleas. Dogs weighing up to 14 kg use about 20 ml, from 15 to 30 kg - 45 ml of the drug. Protects eyes and ears. Treat bedding and carpets. Do not use on female dogs and puppies under 12 weeks of age. Store at temperatures up to 25 ° C, avoiding freezing and direct sunlight
entomozan An effective remedy for the destruction of fleas, lice, ixodid, scabies, ear and demodectic mites. Harmless to people, dogs, cats, birds and hamsters. It is a pyrethroid concentrate. Before use, the contents of one ampoule are diluted in a glass. warm water. If the animal is large, use 2-3 ampoules (400-600 ml of water), soak the fur with it using a sponge, swab or brush and allow the animal to dry. At the same time, spray the litter and other places where the animal lies. If the animal is affected by scabies, ear mites and demodectic mites, the treatment is repeated with a fresh solution in a ratio of 1:100 ml every 3-4 days until the symptoms disappear. The solution should not come into contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes and respiratory tract.
Skosyrskikh L.N. 1, Stolbova O.A. 2
1 ORCID:0000-0001-6208-6565, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, 2 ORCID:0000-0002-4545-815Х, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor, Researcher,
State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen
All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology - branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Tyumen
INSECTOACARICIDAL PREPARATIONS FOR VETERINARY USE
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As a result of the studies, it was found thaton Russian market a wide range of medicines– 143 items used for the treatment and prevention of arachnoenthomosis in domestic animals. Domestic manufacturers account for 81 insectoacaricidal preparations or56,6% . The most widely represented liquid dosage forms– 99 items or 69.2% of the total number of drugs offered. The demand for insectoacaricidal drugs is formed mainly due to the recommendations of veterinarians (73%).
Keywords: medicines, insectoacaricides, mites, insects, animals.
Skosyrskikh L.N. 1, Stolbova O.A. 2
1 ORCID:0000-0001-6208-6565, PhD in Veterinary Medicine and Science, Associate professor, 2 ORCID: 0000-0002-4545-815H, PhD in Veterinary Medicine and Science, Associate professor, Researcher,
State agricultural university of Northern Zauralie, Tyumen
All-Russian scientific research institute of veterinary entomology and arachnology, Tyumen
INSEKTOAKARITSIDNY DRUGS FOR VETERINARY USE
Abstract
The purpose of this work is the research of the modern Russian market the insektoakaritsidnykh of drugs of veterinary appointment and consumer preferences. As a result of the ongoing researches it is established that the large range of medicinal preparations – 143 names applied to treatment and prophylaxis of arakhnoentomoz of pets is presented at the Russian market. 81 insektokaritsidny drugs or 56.6% fall to the share of domestic manufacturers. Liquid dosage forms – 99 names or 69.2% of total number of the drugs offered are most widely presented. Demand for insecticide drugs is formed, mainly, at the expense of references of veterinarians (73%).
Keywords: medicines, insectoacaricides, mites, insects, animals.
In modern conditions, pets are human companions in everyday life and in all areas of their activities. In many cases, domestic carnivores are members of the family of a modern city dweller, and therefore their health is a constant concern of the person (the owner). Among domestic carnivores, diseases are recorded that are not only characteristic of these animal species, but also common to other animals and humans, , , , .
The purpose of this work is to study the modern Russian market of insectoacaricidal drugs for veterinary use and consumer preferences.
Materials and research methods
The work was carried out at the Department of Non-Contagious Diseases of Agricultural Animals of the Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals (Tyumen) in the period 2015-2016. The assortment and nomenclature of insectoacaricides was studied using the example of the Vetlek Internet pharmacy, located at Moscow, st. Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya, 28; LLC "VETLEK" The pharmacy has a license to carry out pharmaceutical activities. Type of work (services) performed (rendered) as part of the licensed type of activity: Wholesale trade of medicines for veterinary use and their storage; Retail medicinal products for veterinary use and their storage. Customer service is provided through the website and the existing order desk. Taking into account consumer preferences when purchasing drugs for the treatment and prevention of arachnoenthomosis was carried out by surveying visitors veterinary pharmacies Tyumen.
Research results
When analyzing the wholesale-retail segment of the insectoacaricidal drugs market, it was found that the range medicines is represented by 143 items: of which 56.6% are domestic production and 43.3% are imported.
The leaders in offering insectoacaricides for veterinary use are: Russian Federation- 81 drugs, Germany - 19 drugs, the Netherlands - 16, France - 16 (Figure 1).
Among domestic manufacturers, we can note the most large organizations, which are CJSC NPF Ecoprom, LLC NPO Agrovetzashchita, LLC NPO API-SAN, LLC VEDA. "Pharmbiomedservice", LLC NVP "Astrapharm".
Rice. 1 – Countries producing insectoacaricides presented on the Russian market
In terms of the number of insectoacaricides produced, the leading position is occupied by the company Agrovetzaschita LLC, which exists on domestic market medicines 23 years. The smallest number of products produced belongs to the Russian companies LLC NPC Fox and Co. and CJSC Agrobioprom, which have also existed on the Russian market for more than 20 years (Figure 2).
The range of dosage forms of insectoacaricidal drugs presented in the Vetlek pharmacy is very wide: solutions for external (Amit Forte, Binakar, Ivermek ON, Sanofly) and parenteral use (Aversect, Meradoc), emulsion concentrates (Alpha VET, Deltsid, Diazinon S, Butox, BayMight), suspensions (Butox), liniments (Demos), ointments (Aversetinovaya), gels (Ivermec gel, Amidel-gel Neo), powders (Agita 100WG, BaicidalWP25) and granules (Quick Byte) for the preparation of suspensions, powders (Clandestine) , oral tablets (NexgarD Spectra) and chewable (Bravecto), aerosols (ParaStop, Dermatol, Bolfo), collars (Bars, Bolfo, Kiltix, Inspector, etc.)
Rice. 2 – Manufacturers and number of produced names of insecticide preparations
According to research data, the most widely represented are liquid dosage forms of insectoacaricidal preparations (69.2%), the least - soft (3.5%) (Figure 3).
Rice. 3 – Dosage forms of insectoacaricidal drugs
To assess and analyze the demand for insectoacaricidal drugs, a survey of owners of small pets was conducted. In the survey, respondents were asked to answer the following questions:
According to the survey data, it was found that the most popular means The owners of the cats had the “Inspector” collar (22%), which contains fipronil as an active ingredient, and aversectin ointment (the active ingredient is aversectin C), and respondents also called “Amit Forte” - a solution for external use based on fipronil (Figure 4).
Rice. 4 – Assessment of demand for insectoacaricidal drugs among cat owners in Tyumen
Among dog owners, the most popular are chewable tablets "Bravecto" (40%) and drops on the withers "Frontline" (30%), drops "Bars" and "Inspectortotal S" are less popular (Figure 5).
Rice. 5 – Assessment of demand for insectoacaricidal drugs among dog owners in Tyumen
During the survey, it was found that respondents, when making a choice in favor of any drug, follow the recommendations of the veterinarian 73%. Also, when choosing a drug, pet owners are guided by its cost and ease of use.
Rice. 6 – Factors influencing the choice of insectoacaricidal drugs
For the prevention and treatment of arachnoenthomosis in cats, owners more often use domestic drugs, while among owners, domestic and imported drugs are in equal demand (Figure 7).
Rice. 7 – Share of domestic and imported insectoacaricidal drugs according to survey results
Among dosage forms, according to a survey of pet owners, the most popular are spoton solutions (drops on the withers), tablets and collars. The main advantage of drops on the withers is simplicity and ease of use, as well as safety; they can be applied to places that pets cannot reach and cannot will be able to lick it off; for tablets - their speed of action (the tablet is effective within 4 hours after use) and duration of action - it is recommended to repeat the treatment after 3-4 weeks against ticks and after 2-3 months against insects. Insectoacaricidal collars for dogs and cats are also popular; their main advantage is their relatively low price, but the disadvantage is the need for the animal to constantly wear a collar.
Conclusion. Thus, the Russian market offers a wide range of drugs - 143 items used for the treatment and prevention of arachnoenthomosis in domestic animals. Domestic manufacturers account for 81 insectoacaricidal drugs, or 56.6%. Liquid dosage forms are the most widely represented - 99 items or 69.2% of the total number of drugs offered. The demand for insectoacaricidal drugs is formed mainly due to the recommendations of veterinarians (73%).
List of literature / References
List of references in English /Referencesin English
Insectoacaricidal preparations– these are preparations of chemical or biological origin intended to combat harmful insects and mites.
Therefore, it is important to know that the choice of safe and effective insectoacaricidal drugs is the key to the health of our little brothers. Based on the above, we will try in this article to help you with this choice.
Insectoacaricidal preparations can be characterized by the following characteristics:
There are repellents contactless And contact, when the insect needs direct contact with the animal's fur or skin for the product to work. Unfortunately, there are no contactless repellents that can protect a dog from tick attacks. The most effective contact repellents are: permerin, amitraz, and flumethrin.
Resistance in our case is the ability of insects to be resistant to the effects of insectoacaricidal agents on them.
Active ingredients in insectoacaricidal preparations
Now let's take a closer look at the main active ingredients of insectoacaricidal drugs that are found on our market and are also available for sale in our pharmacy.
1.Phenylpyrazoles.
Fipronil and pyriprole are used in insectoacaricidal preparations. Fipronil is one of the most low-toxic and safe drugs. Piriprol was developed specifically for dogs and is more water resistant than fipronil. Substances of this group can cause hyperactivity of the animal and redness of the skin when applied. They are highly effective against ticks and fleas, they act through contact, accumulating in the sebaceous glands of the animal and practically not entering the blood. Resistance in ticks and fleas is unlikely. They do not have repellent properties. They act on ixodid mites, scabies mites, fleas, lice, and lice.
This group includes permethrin, flumethrin, phenothrin, deltamethrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin. Pyrethroid smokes are slightly toxic, but can cause skin reactions at the sites of application. The likelihood of resistance is high for fleas and ticks. The mode of action is contact, contact-intestinal, repellent properties are well expressed. The advantage of this group is that they accumulate in the sebaceous glands and are practically not absorbed into the animal’s bloodstream. These substances wide range exposure: fleas, ixodid and scabies mites, lice, mosquitoes and flies. Permethrintoxic to cats! In this regard, it is not recommended to use medications with this substance for your dog if you have a cat in your home.
Pyrethroids are contained:
These include fluralaner and afoxolaner. Contained in tablets. The toxicity of the drugs is low. Efficiency is high. Mode of action – systemic, intestinal. There is currently no information about resistance, and the mechanism of action of the substance itself reduces the possibility of resistance to a minimum. They do not have repellent properties. They act against fleas, ixodid and demodectic ticks. Suitable for all breeds of dogs. Repeated bathing and shampooing do not affect the effectiveness of the drug.
Active ingredients contain:
An obvious advantage of such treatment is the ability to frequently wash and bathe the animal without the risk of reducing protection.
Manufacturers use the active ingredient propoxur, which is less toxic than the substances of the previous group. Its action is contact, the effectiveness is average, the probability of resistance in fleas and ticks is quite high. According to the reference book pesticides.ru, the repellent properties of propoxur are manifested in a concentration of at least 1%. Acts on fleas, lice, lice and ixodid ticks.
Propoxur is contained in:
From this group of insecticides, manufacturers use imidacloprid in the production of flea preparations. It works against fleas, and the mechanism of action of the substance eliminates the emergence of resistance. The action is systemic and contact.
Contains:
Terachlorvinphos and diazinon are used in the production of insectoacaricides. These substances are easily absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and are highly toxic. Poorly soluble in water. They act by contact when an insect hits the animal's fur. They do not have repellent properties, but the resistance is quite high for both ticks and fleas. The effectiveness is average. They work against fleas, lice, lice and ixodid ticks.
The most common drugs are:
Amitraz belongs to this group of substances. Amitraz is quite toxic and often causes allergic reactions and sedative effects. The action is contact, through the limbs of the insect. Repellent properties are pronounced, and tick resistance to amitraz is unlikely. Dangerous for cats! Does not affect fleas. Effective against ixodid, scabies and demodectic mites.
Amitraz contains:
It is worth mentioning separately such drugs as drops Lawyer for cats and dogs and Stronghold drops for cats and dogs. These drugs are used in the fight against scabies and demodectic mites, nematodes, and fleas. But none of these drugs work against ixodid ticks.
