Every year, traditional energy sources become more expensive, and there is no end in sight to this price race. Meanwhile, the most powerful source of energy, which we see almost every day, “works” completely free of charge. And if humanity has not yet learned how to efficiently obtain energy directly in the form of electricity, then thermal energy Anyone can use the sun, if only they wish!
Indeed, in a sunny area, the luminary sends out approximately 1 kW of energy every hour. It would be a sin not to use such a source at least to heat water. At the same time, the costs of creating and installing a water heating device are minimal. Inventors across the country have long been using the most various settings for heating water.
Among them there are the simplest and more complex, with automatic control. It all depends on technical preparedness, financial capabilities and, of course, desire.
How do craftsmen get hot water from the sun today?
Making your own solar heater is not difficult at all.
This is the simplest option.
A regular container in the form of a barrel, an old tank, is installed on the roof summer shower or at home, barn and connect through a hose to a regular tap.
If the container is painted black, heating will occur faster.
By the end of the day the water warms up to about 45C. These data are valid for a polyethylene tank of 200-300 liters. It is desirable that it be flat - this increases the heating efficiency.
The only downside is that all the water must be used in the evening, because... in the morning it will become cold.
To “eliminate” this drawback, you will have to insulate the container itself or drain the heated water into an again insulated tank. You can simply feed the water into the boiler and, when it cools down, heat it up. At least some electricity is saved.
Another option is to keep the boiler permanently connected to a tank installed on the roof. Then the water will constantly circulate; it can be used online.
A significant drawback of the system is that it does not work at temperatures below +20C. Therefore, there are other ways to heat water in the off-season.
This device is considered the most effective. It's all about the material from which the collector is made. Most often this is:
But assembly using metal is labor-intensive (soldering, welding, seals, etc.), so other materials are used. There is a use case polypropylene pipes- they are cheaper. However, their connection can also cause difficulties associated with sealing the joints.
Another disadvantage is significant deformation when heated, metal-plastic pipes It's not that noticeable, but polypropylene has a high coefficient of thermal expansion. This deficiency can cause leaks in the system.
There is an original and simple solution that involves using a garden hose as a solar collector. The entire assembly process is limited to twisting it into a spiral and placing it in a suitable box.
Excellent flexibility, no connections guarantee no leaks, and the length of the hose allows it to be connected directly to plumbing fixtures without intermediate connections.
The performance of such a system depends on the length of the hose. With a diameter of 2.5 cm and an air temperature of at least +25C, one meter of hose heats 3.5 liters of water to +45C.
It turns out that on a sunny day by the evening 10 meters will “give” you 280 liters hot water. The system operates when the temperature drops to +8C.
The sun's rays hit the spiral through the glass and heat the spiral. Heated water becomes a source of long-wave radiation, which is reflected from the glass. That is, the sun's rays find themselves in a kind of thermal “trap”.
The idea is to first create modules (3 bottles each, 4 or 5 are possible), then connect each of them to plastic pipe, which is connected on one side to a source of cold water, on the other, it produces hot liquid. It is best to use bottles with a capacity of 2-2.5 liters. They must be connected according to the “neck to bottom” principle. 
The number of modules can be large. To get 200 liters of hot water you need about 110 bottles - that’s three square meters area.
The resulting system is much more efficient than a black barrel of water installed on the roof.
Majority homemade designs heating water by the sun in summer saves 70-80% of the energy spent on heating. In autumn, spring - up to 40%. At the same time, up to 400 kW/h per person is “taken” from the luminary per year! Something to think about.
Most aquarium fish are tropical inhabitants. Water room temperature not suitable for them. The aquarium must be heated. This can be done in several ways.
Question: “Opened a pet store. Business is not going well. What to do? » - 2 answers
1. The oldest means of heating water is a reflector. You can make it yourself in the form of a tin half-cylinder. Attach the socket with an incandescent electric lamp to the end. The lamp must be inside the reflector. Hang the device from the end of the aquarium so that the top edge of the reflector is below the water level. This is necessary so that the glass heats up evenly and does not burst. This method Suitable for both heating and lighting small rectangular aquariums with a capacity of no more than 30 liters.
2. Immerse the incandescent lamp directly into water aquarium At the same time, secure the cartridge on the lid in a special hole so that only the cylinder is in the water. Water must not touch the cartridge. The efficiency of such a system is significantly higher than that of a reflector. The power of this heating device equal to the lamp power. But with this method, the flask becomes overgrown with algae.
3. The most advanced method is heating using a special heater. You can buy it at a pet store. This heater is a long test tube in which an electric coil is placed. The test tube is filled with fine dry quartz sand. The hermetically sealed terminals of the spiral are located in its upper part. Such a heater is connected to the network using a cord.
4. Heaters can be different in height and power. Choose one so that when immersed in the aquarium top part with the wire leads was at least 2 cm above the water level. In this case, the lower end should not rest against the bottom. For supporting required temperature you can adhere to the ratio of 10 l - 10 watts.
5. Secure the heater in aquarium using rubber suction cups and plastic rings. If you cannot find them, you can use metal wire as a fastener. This mount must be above the water level.
6. Use a thermostat at the same time as the heater. They are also sold in pet stores. Monitor the temperature of the water in the aquarium using a thermometer immersed in it.
7. To ensure uniform heating of the aquarium, ensure water circulation - install some kind of filter. You can arrange aeration using a compressor.
The main disadvantage of heating using a reflector is that the device has to be turned off at night, and the water temperature drops to room temperature. The second disadvantage can be considered the increased overgrowth of lower algae on the glass located on the side of the reflector. In addition, this device has a rather low efficiency.
There are salt heaters. As a rule, they are homemade. You shouldn't use them. Salt in the water can be harmful to some fish and plants.
NEO MORPHIUS
If you heat it strictly to desired temperature- Please. But even if you put the fish in a jar, they will suffer thermal shock from the sudden change in water temperature.
Pour in from the side, little by little, gradually stirring from bottom to top.
Natalya A.
You can heat it up to 70 degrees and cool it down to the desired temperature, only from such procedures the fish runs the risk of getting a temperature shock, is it necessary? And then the water temperature will then drop, if the room is cool, will you continue to torment the fish with temperature fluctuations? Buy a heating pad with a thermostat at any pet store and don’t reinvent the wheel.
Andrey
Everything is fine. So it works. The light comes on when it's heating up, and goes off when it's heated up. Place it next to the sink so that heated water circulates in the aquarium. Immerse it completely, so that the adjustment knob sticks out of the water, if it has one.
It is better to have a thermometer in addition - it generally determines the need to heat the water and the required temperature for your pets.
When cleaning. Disconnect from the network,
let cool in the aquarium.
Wash gently warm water and a soft sponge.
From personal experience don’t put it on the washbasin (you’ll break it). It’s better to put it on a rug. Good luck girl. ! and so as not to write twice, I inform you the following
apple charlotte recipe - beat 4 eggs with a mixer + add a glass of sugar (200 g) + beat + glass of flour (200 g) + beat. we get something similar to sour cream, cut the apples into pieces from 2 to 4 depending on the size,
pour the first step into the mold - put in the apples - fill in with the rest. Bake at temp. 200 deg. 30-40 minutes (check with a stick or appearance. We serve the little ones with milk and watch the clock as it’s all eaten)) Good luck
Everything is fine! As a rule, such devices are equipped with an internal thermomiter and a temperature regulator (a knob with numbers on the top of the device). The light is on and in the aquarium it will not indicate the target temperature and then goes out. As for the degree of loading into the water, there is a line below which the water level should not fall, but more is possible, so feel free to put it entirely into the water
Summer, dacha, swimming pool - the dream of city dwellers. And many, trying to realize it, choose to be closer to nature during the hot season. But here’s the problem: the main equipment has been purchased street version, and its kit does not include a heating device. Therefore, let’s take a closer look at ways to heat water in a pool. First, let’s look at what types of swimming structures exist.
For summer cottages and country houses, seasonal outdoor models are very popular:
As seen, modern market offers a wide range of models.
Can be purchased a budget option or start capital construction outdoor covered structure.
There are a number of indicators of a comfortable stay in the pool. One of them is the optimal temperature regime. For an adult it should be within 24-28 °C, for a child - 29-32 °C. Such temperatures are intended for active water recreation without harm to health. Therefore, how to heat and maintain heat in a pool is one of the hot topics of the summer.
Before considering the question of how to heat water in a pool, you should familiarize yourself with heat saving methods. There are several options:
The measures considered can be applied comprehensively; they will significantly reduce the cost of heating liquids using electricity.
Such structures have a small volume, so one of the popular ways to increase the temperature is to heat water in containers using a separate heat source (gas, electric stove, Electric kettle, fire, sauna).
After that, it is carried and poured into the pool, achieving the desired temperature. The method is one of the simplest and safest. But it is suitable for small volumes, for example, children's structures.
Some people try to heat the water in the pool with a boiler. Yes, it can be done. But don't forget about safety. If this method is used in a place where there are children, then they should not be left unattended even for a second. The consequences can be very sad, given children's spontaneity and curiosity. Therefore, think several times about the safety of this method before using it.
We looked at two options for how to heat water in an inflatable pool, now let’s take a look at other, more powerful equipment for such purposes.
Used for structures no more than 35 cubic meters. m. The operating principle is based on the circulation of water through a container with a built-in heating element. The recommended temperature of the incoming liquid should not be lower than 18 °C. The cost of such equipment is low, but significant energy costs arise. The power consumption of the installations is from 3.5 to 18 kW. By using covering material, these costs can be partially reduced.
“How to heat water in a swimming pool without electricity?” - this is one of the popular questions. Heat exchangers are just such devices that operate from the heating system. They are presented in which there is a coil inside. This equipment also includes circulation pump, thermostat, valve. Liquid from the heating system is supplied to the coil, and water for heating is supplied to the cylinder itself. Having reached the desired temperature, it enters the pool. Operating parameters are set using a thermostat. The power of such installations reaches 200 kW, which is suitable for heating large volumes of water.
The disadvantage of the heat exchanger is that it depends on the heating of the house. In summer it is usually irrelevant. Therefore, a separate operating circuit will be required to heat the pool. And this will entail reworking the project gas heating and unnecessary financial costs.
How to heat water in a pool at your dacha using natural resources? This issue is especially relevant in areas where there is no gas connection and the electricity supply is unstable. Solar collectors in such cases become ideal option solving the problem.
Nowadays, such equipment is purchased in stores that sell swimming pools. The units are quite compact and can be placed near the swimming structure. When heated, the collectors transfer thermal energy to the water in the storage tank, after which it enters the pool. This method will allow you to quickly achieve the desired temperature in sunny weather, but this won’t work on cloudy days. One collector module can heat up to 30 cubic meters of water, respectively, their quantity is adjusted to the required volume.
Such equipment should not be purchased in regions where cloudy weather prevails. It will not be economically justified, because it will have to be used additional devices for heating.
This type of solar collector is presented in the form of two pieces of black film, soldered in such a way that internal space channels for water circulation are formed. Such a system is connected to a conventional pump included in the basic equipment package. How to heat water in a pool with such a device? Quite simple: it is launched onto the surface of the water, and the pump is placed on the bottom, from where it will supply liquid for heating.
This design works from regular network. Minus - it is intended for small volumes and depends on sunny weather.
This is a fairly new, and therefore expensive, way to heat water in a pool. This equipment is interesting because it can be used in two ways at the same time: as a home air conditioner and a water heater.
The operating principle is based on the operating technology of conventional air conditioners, only in the opposite direction. Swimming water is heated in the condensate system, and the refrigerant cools due to this. The heat itself is taken from the surrounding air.
The power consumption of such a device is three times lower than that of an instantaneous water heater. Therefore, the high purchase price will justify the reduction in energy costs. This equipment is also notable for the fact that it can operate effectively at an ambient temperature of +5 °C. Having dealt with the factory devices, it is worth familiarizing yourself with what is offered folk craft in this domain.
For this type of water heater, take a regular watering hose, preferably black, and lay it flat in the shape of a snail. One end is connected with clamps to the hole in the pool, the other to the pump filter. Circulating through the formed system, the water is heated. This method is good for sunny days. This is one way to quickly heat the water in the pool.
A coil is taken; the performance depends on the size of its spiral. It is better to prefer stainless steel. One end is connected to the hole in the pool, the other to the pump. The coil itself should be mounted in a container in which firewood will be burned. This is enough effective option how to heat water in a frame pool.
For greater effect, you can make a coil - a container for burning. That is, the firewood will burn in the internal space formed by the tubes. This is an even more efficient device for heating water.
This method distinguishes low price, independence from energy carriers, high speed, independence from weather conditions. The disadvantages include the need to control heating. Overheating can cause the pool to deform.
Since heating water in a pool using electricity and heating is quite an expensive task, the field for activity craftsmen open wide enough. An interesting direction is the use natural resources, such as wind, sun. By “taming” them, you can get a free and high-quality source of energy, which is suitable not only for but also for other needs.
You should be careful with homemade electric heaters. All safety measures should be observed during their creation and operation, this process should not be ignored and children should not be allowed into it.
If we consider factory-made heating products, then the choice depends, first of all, on the financial component. You should pay attention not only to the initial price of the equipment, but also to the costs that will be necessary to connect and operate it.
Swimming in pools is one of the popular recreational activities for Russians. Therefore, the topic of heating water is always relevant. What choice will be made depends on the weather conditions of the region, the parameters of the pool, and financial capabilities. The main thing is to follow the installation technology and safety precautions during operation.
How to heat water in a swimming pool is a question that arises among many owners who have created an artificial pond on their property. When setting up this issue, this issue is usually overlooked, and it arises only after the first attempts at operation. For comfortable swimming, the water temperature should be at least 22°C, for young children even higher - 28-30°C. sunlight warms up the water quite slowly, especially in spring, and in some regions at the beginning of summer. Water, having warmed up during the day, gives up its temperature at night environment. The calories spent on heating fly into the atmosphere. Therefore, along with the pool heating device, it is advisable to take care of the thermal insulation of the structure.
When installing a water heating system, the amount required heat will depend on the volume of the pool. Heat is not free these days. Any attempt to heat water in a swimming pool at the dacha will require certain material costs for fuel or electricity.
All known and used methods can be divided into two groups:
Temporary devices include various designs and methods made from off-the-shelf materials for one-time or intermittent pool heating. At the end of the swimming season they are usually dismantled.
An example is heating a swimming pool using a regular metal wheelbarrow. Firewood is loaded into it, lit, and the wheelbarrow is lowered into the pool. If the depth of the pool is greater than the height of the wheelbarrow, you can give it the necessary buoyancy using floats made of plastic bottles. In this way you can heat a small pool.
Stationary structures include:
Such devices are installed in the water circulation system and are used for their intended purpose throughout the entire period of operation.
It is quite difficult to make a heat pump with your own hands. An industrial product is very expensive. High-quality installation and adjustment work can only be performed by specialists. For these reasons, a heat pump is used quite rarely, mainly for recreation areas of VIP-class cottages.
The heat exchanger is a sealed container with a system of thin-walled copper or stainless steel tubes. Hot water from the heating system circulates inside the tubes, cold water from the outside circulates circulation system swimming pool Heating of the water in the pool occurs due to heat transfer. Some models of heat exchangers are equipped with an automatic system that regulates the heating temperature. The system consists of additional pump, control valve and thermostat. The thermostat opens and closes the valve at the set temperature. During operation, the owner needs to set the temperature control knob to the desired value.
Power various models heat exchangers range from 10 to 200 kW. Choose a model with required power required for the volume of water for the pool.
When putting the system into operation, it is advisable not to use the maximum parameters. Heating should occur gradually over a certain period of time. A sharp temperature change can affect both the performance of the heat exchanger and the pool. Especially if the finish inner surface made with tiles. Once the required temperature has been established in the pool, the heat exchanger will switch to the mode of maintaining the required parameters, and the heat consumption will sharply decrease. It is optimal to connect the device in the water circulation system between the pump and the water purification system so that reagents and filter material do not get into the containers.
The main problem when installing heat exchangers is the frequency of operation of the heating system. When the swimming season begins, the heating season usually ends. This drawback can be eliminated by installing separate system circulation of heating water. In the cold season, the heat exchanger must be disconnected from the heating system, and in the warm season, the heating must be turned off and the heat exchanger started. For more rational use heat during the construction of a swimming pool, it is advisable to arrange bottom heating using the “warm floor” type.
You can also use a combined design with heating elements built into the heat exchanger. For the initial heating of the pool, you can use all systems; electric heaters can be used to maintain the temperature. In the absence of heat exchangers with combined heating, you can install a separate electric water heater for the pool flow type before or after the heat exchanger.
Devices of various designs are available for sale, with horizontal or vertical installation, case made of titanium, stainless steel. You can install all devices of this type for heating a pool yourself without any problems.
Heating pool water in areas with big amount on sunny days can be done using solar collectors. These systems have been known for quite some time, but practical use received in last years due to the widespread rise in prices of energy resources. The use of such systems is especially relevant for dachas with limited power consumption and heating system low power. (Fig.1)
The solar collector functions quite simply. The device is a system of tubes, connecting manifolds and screens. The entire structure is painted matte black. Metal underneath sun rays warms up and transfers heat to the water circulating through the tubes. Operating experience has shown that water can heat up to a temperature of 140°C. Such a heater can provide not only heating for the pool, but also hot water supply in the house. For optimal performance, industrial products are equipped with an automation system. When heated to a certain temperature, the circulation pump turns on, pumping water into storage capacity. When installing storage tank Above the solar collector, the system can work independently, due to the different densities of hot and cold water. To arrange a solar heated swimming pool, you need to create additional system circulation of water from the storage tank.
The performance of industrial modules allows heating systems with water up to 30 m 3 . This volume is quite enough to heat a small pool with your own hands and provide hot water supply to the cottage. With a larger pool volume, you need to increase the number of blocks.
Various automation systems allow water to be redirected through different pipelines. This scheme optimizes the hot water supply system and heating for the pool.
The disadvantage of using solar collectors is that productivity decreases on cloudy and rainy days.
The most in a simple way To heat the water in the pool seems to be the use of instantaneous electric water heaters. (Fig. 2) Everything seems to be quite easy - install the heater in the circulation system, start the pump, plug it in, press the button if available. Moreover, the heaters are designed to work with a continuous flow of water, have small sizes, and convenient connecting fittings. The body is made of materials of high strength and reliability, heating elements have a shell made of of stainless steel. An example is the Intex brand heaters.
Despite all of the above, flow-through heaters have obvious advantages:
Therefore, before installing a flow-through heater, it is advisable to carefully weigh all factors and think about alternative way heating pool.
In addition to the methods described, there are various possibilities to arrange heating in the pool yourself.
When creating your own device and method, you need to remember about the safety of the work, your own safety and that of your loved ones.
Even using devices industrial production in emergency situations can lead to defeat electric shock and accidents of varying severity.
There are two main ways to prepare hot water. First, the water is heated while moving through the heater and supplied to the water tap. Such a heater is called a flow-through heater.
The second method is to heat a large volume of water in a thermally insulated container, then gradually consume it. Such a heater is called a storage heater. The energy source is usually gas, electricity or heated coolant from the heating system.
The instantaneous heater must be relatively powerful in order to provide the required flow of hot water to the tap. For a shower head, a power of at least 10 kW is required, for filling a bath - from 15 kW, for two hot water taps - from 20 kW.
Heating water with an electric instantaneous heater is not cheap. In addition, you need a three-phase connection (over 6 kW) and a special permit for higher power.
It is optimal to provide several taps, install a compact electric one on each of them flow heater. At the same time, protection is installed against their simultaneous operation, so as not to overload the network.
More cheap option- heating water using gas. Are used geyser, or the second circuit of the heating boiler. The power of such devices can be enough for two taps, and hot water is cheaper.
With a flow-through circuit, the heater should be located as close to the tap as possible in order to drain less water until it gets hot. The recommended distance is no more than 5 meters. But in any case there will be excessive consumption of water and energy. A similar drawback is typical for a storage heater.
Another disadvantage of flow DHW schemes(hot water supply) - inability to pick up some hot water. Each device has its own minimum power. Therefore, when water flow is low, it simply does not turn on.
This also results in waste of water and energy.
Pressure surges in the system cause discomfort because they change the outlet water temperature.
IN retail outlets to sell an unsuitable flow-through electric heater, they simply indicate that it produces so many liters of water at such a temperature, for example, +50 degrees, which at first glance is acceptable. But it is not indicated at what temperature the water is heated. Key Feature of such an apparatus is the heating temperature difference. After all, cold water is usually +6 - +10 degrees, and not +15 or +20.
The main advantage of an electric storage tank with a power of 1.5-2.0 kW is that it can be installed anywhere, in any house or apartment where there is a 220 V power supply. Its volume is usually 25 - 150 liters (running volume 50 - 100 liters) . The water in it is heated gradually to a predetermined temperature, and when withdrawn, a large flow rate is possible; the temperature decreases gradually.
It is cheaper to heat water with a gas storage heater with a low-power burner (up to 3 kW). The fact is that such a heater is not needed special chimney. But it can only be installed in agreement with Gorgaz, probably on a separate project. Provided with air from the room (with an exhaust system).
Boiler advantage indirect heating The point is that heating uses the energy of the heating system, which is abundant and usually not expensive. Therefore, there can be a lot of hot water, its temperature is stable, and water is cheaper.
An indirect heating boiler is a storage tank with a capacity of 100 - 300 liters. Heating is carried out by a spiral pipeline through which the coolant heated to 80 - 90 degrees moves.
Heating systems are created in such a way that when the hot water supply cools below a threshold value, for example +50 degrees, the boiler switches to heating the boiler. At the same time, it produces an increased temperature and operates at full power, heating the hot water supply to the upper threshold value, for example, +60 degrees. After which it switches back to heating.
In a buffer tank, the opposite is true - a large-volume container is used, about 1 ton or more filled with coolant, and the heated water moves in a spiral, i.e. direct-flow heating occurs. But when additional taps are opened, its temperature changes slightly, since the design has a large reserve in terms of the amount of transmitted energy.
The temperature of the hot water will be the same as that of the heating fluid. Sometimes this is not suitable, so the water supply scheme also includes mixing unit to reduce temperature...
Heating systems with solid fuel boilers are mainly supplied with a buffer tank.
Single-circuit gas or liquid boilers are often equipped with a boiler.
Another feature of the system is the ability to create constant circulation of water through a ring water supply pipeline. Then, when you open the tap, you immediately get hot water. Cooling of water is not considered a loss of energy, because it is spent on heating the house.
There is still an opportunity to save - an additional heating coil is placed in the boiler and connected to the solar collector. The sun's energy is called free energy, the consumption of solar collectors is in this case pays off. This makes it possible to heat water in the summer; if there is not enough energy, the boiler is connected.
The main disadvantages of a conventional direct-flow heating system with gas heater(second circuit of the boiler) or electric is decided by installing a boiler layer-by-layer heating. One or more per tap. It is a heat-insulated container into which hot water is supplied from above. Its fence is also carried out from the same level.
Such a boiler makes it possible to simultaneously obtain a lot of hot water at a stable temperature. With it you can pick up “a little water” and also ensure the least amount of cold drainage. A conventional heating boiler can also be used as such an intermediate storage tank.
One of the common mistakes when creating a hot water supply system in a house is connecting an indirect heating boiler to the second circuit of a double-circuit boiler. This circuit itself is designed for preparing hot water, and therefore has a limitation maximum temperature at +60 degrees to prevent thermal burns.
Now the most comfortable and economical solution for creating a hot water supply system is to install an indirect heating boiler, where this can be done. The rest of the hot water supply schemes can be considered forced decisions, which are dictated by circumstances, for example, savings when creating...
