The main factors of climate formation in the territory Eastern Siberia are: a significant distance from the Atlantic Ocean, location in high latitudes, isolation from the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the climate is characterized by sharp continentality, large seasonal and daily fluctuations in air temperature, slight humidification and low cloudiness.

Since the territory is open to the Arctic Ocean on a wide front, arctic air masses dominate here. In winter, a powerful baric maximum is established with very low temperatures, which results in stable, usually calm and cloudless weather. In the northern regions, due to low temperatures, there is excessive moisture. And in the south direction, moisture is insignificant, which is especially characteristic of the Central Yakut depression. Steppe landscapes are found here, the development of which is facilitated by a small amount of precipitation and isolation by mountain ranges located on the periphery.

During the warm period, large temperature differences arise between Eastern Siberia, whose surface is warming to a large extent, and the Arctic Basin. As a result, cyclonic activity develops along the front when warm and cold air masses come into contact.
Within the Central Siberian Plateau and the Central Yakutsk depression there is intense solar radiation, but due to the long-term snow cover and the transparency of the atmosphere, a lot of heat is spent on reflection and effective radiation. In connection with the mountainous relief, temperature inversions are clearly observed. So, in the valleys and basins in winter there is a sharp drop in temperature; in more elevated areas, where an outflow of cold air is possible, it is warmer by 15-20 ° C.

On the territory of Eastern Siberia, a zoning of natural conditions and, of course, climate is outlined.
In the East Siberian tundra, temperatures are very low in winter. The January isotherms are -30-40°C. The influence of the Asian baric maximum has an effect. There is little precipitation, in some places less than 200 mm (Cape Chelyuskin, Lena Delta). Summers are warmer than in the West Siberian tundra. In the tundra of Yakutia, the growing season exceeds 75 days. This makes it possible to grow vegetable crops. Agricultural plots are confined to the southern slopes of the valleys, protected from the penetration of cold air from the Arctic.

The average annual temperatures of the forest zone of Eastern Siberia are negative (-7-16°C), the average January temperatures are very low (-30-44°C). The direct influence of the anticyclone has an effect. Summers are short but relatively warm. For example, the average July temperature is from +14 to +19°C, which is explained by significant insolation. The growing season is short, from 90 days in the north to 140 in the south. The annual amount of precipitation here is much less than in Western Siberia. So, in the main territory of Eastern Siberia, 300-450 mm falls, and in the closed basins of Yakutia, only 250-150 mm. As a result, steppe landscapes are developing. And only on the western slopes of the mountains the amount of precipitation increases to 500-700 mm per year (Putorana Plateau, Yenisei Ridge).

Due to the dryness of the climate, the taiga zone is characterized by thin snow cover. Insignificant snow cover and low winter temperatures contribute to deep freezing of the soil and the preservation of permafrost. Sandy soil thaws up to 250 cm.
Permafrost has a negative effect on soil formation, causing a strong cooling of the soil and waterlogging processes. However, in the arid regions of Eastern Siberia, it plays a positive role, since it nourishes the plants with moisture during thawing.

Eastern Siberia includes the Verkhoyansk and Kolyma ranges, the Chersky mountain system and the Chukotka upland, as well as the tundra plain part of the lower basins of the Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma rivers. The formation of a sharply continental climate is influenced primarily by geographical location. Due to the large length of the territory in the meridional direction (73-55 ° N), three climatic zones are distinguished here: arctic, subarctic (occupies the main territory) and temperate.

Relief is also an important climate-forming factor. The mountainous part of this region is characterized by diversity temperature regime depending on orographic conditions. Cold continental air from the Arctic penetrates into semi-enclosed mountain basins, valleys and plateaus, contributing to the formation of extremely low temperatures. The absolute minimum sometimes reaches -65-70 ° C. This is the lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere ("the pole of cold" - on the Oymyakon Plateau). In winter, an anticyclonic type of weather sets in, while in summer the air on some days heats up to + 30 ° C. Thus, the maximum annual temperature amplitude reaches 100 ° C. The influence of the Pacific Ocean, unlike the Arctic Ocean, on the formation of the climate of North-Eastern Siberia is limited coastal ranges. Therefore, cyclonic processes are traced only on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and Chukotka.

Temperature inversions are typical for the interior regions of Northeastern Siberia. For example, in the foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range at 64 ° N. sh., where there is an outflow of cold air, an average January temperature of -29 ° C was recorded; at approximately the same latitude, but in basins where cold air stagnates, the same isotherm is -44-50 ° C.

In the flat part of the region, the climate is arctic with relatively high humidity. Its formation is directly influenced by the Arctic Ocean. Winter here is cold, windy and long (260 days); summer is short, moderately cold; the average July temperature ranges from +4-6°C in the north to 11-14°C in the south.

The Chukotka mountain-tundra region belongs to the arctic and subarctic climate, which is somewhat mitigated by the Pacific Ocean. Due to the influence of the East Siberian maximum on the one hand and the Aleutian minimum on the other, a significant pressure difference is observed between the western and eastern regions in winter. As a result, strong cold winds with a blizzard arise. The winter period lasts about 8 months. The average January temperature rises eastward from -35 to -20°C; accordingly, the annual amount of precipitation increases (from 200 to 700 mm); The thickness of the snow cover increases from 35 to 80 cm.
Summer is short, the growing season does not exceed 70 days. The average temperature of the warmest month does not exceed +10°C.

The formation of the harsh climate of the Okhotsk coast is influenced by the cold Sea of ​​Okhotsk, as well as the cold and dry winter monsoon. The summer is cool, the average temperature of the warmest month does not exceed 15°C. The annual precipitation is 500-700 mm, and the humidity is excessive.

Eastern Siberia is characterized by pronounced continental climate features. This is manifested in exceptionally large seasonal differences in air temperature, low, low precipitation in the territory. In winter, it is formed under the influence of a vast area of ​​​​high - Asian. However, the position of the center of the anticyclone, the pressure in it, and the area of ​​distribution change significantly during the cold period. This determines the variability, which is also associated with daily fluctuations in air temperature, which is especially typical for the south-west of Yakutia.
Although cyclonic activity is weakened in winter, it significantly affects the weather: they change, precipitation falls, and it forms.
Continental air prevails here, which cools in the surface layer, and in December - February in the lower layers it becomes colder than the Arctic. The average in January over the vast expanse of Eastern Siberia varies from -26 in the southwest to -38, -42° in the Central Lowland. In valleys and basins it can drop to -60°.
However, against the background of a very low average monthly temperature, with the removal of warmer continental air from Central Asia, in the Baikal and Transbaikal regions, relative warmings are noted, accompanied by an increase in temperature to -15 ° and above. With a long-term removal of relatively warm air masses, the daytime air temperature in Eastern Siberia can be above 0°.

Summer in Eastern Siberia is warm: up to 30-40% of solar heat is spent on air heating, and up to 50% in the south and east of the Central Yakutsk Lowland. Therefore, despite the flow of cold air from the seas, from the north and from the sea, the average temperatures in July vary across the territory from north to south from 14 to 18 °. Most high temperatures in these areas occur during the removal of continental air from China and (35 - 38 °).
In summer, the frequency of occurrence over Eastern Siberia is greater than in winter. They mainly come from the west, southwest and northwest. In the second half of summer, there are outlets of southern cyclones, which are associated with significant precipitation.
The relief and features distribute rainfall throughout the area. The annual amount of precipitation varies within 130 - 1000 mm, and there is no well-pronounced, as in the European territory of Russia and Western Siberia, a gradual decrease in precipitation to the south. The combination of heat and moisture contributes to the growth of forests in most of Eastern Siberia. However, the complex relief of this region violates the natural.
The most favorable conditions (sufficient heat and moisture) are formed on the territory where 600 to 1000 mm of precipitation falls. To the east, in the territory of Central Yakutia, with a decrease in precipitation to 200 - 250 mm, aridity increases. Only here, at latitudes around 60s, are negative differences between precipitation and evaporation observed, which forms steppe ones. The climate and its coasts are of a maritime nature, which is determined large sizes lakes and its isolation from the surrounding territory by mountain ranges. In winter, a center of low pressure forms over Baikal. And from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhigh pressure over Eastern Siberia, they blow towards Lake Baikal. The minimum precipitation is observed in February - March (10 - 20 mm). In Transbaikalia, due to a decrease in precipitation to 300 - 400 mm, aridity increases from north to south. In the southwest and especially in the southeast of Transbaikalia, where evaporation exceeds precipitation by 200 mm, they form. However, greater aridity is noted along river valleys, in intermountain basins and on the southern slopes. Unlike other regions of Russia, in Eastern Siberia on the northern slopes it enters the southernmost regions of Transbaikalia, and steppes along river valleys are found north of 60 ° N. sh.

The climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is sharply continental. Due to the large length of the region in the meridional direction, the climate is very heterogeneous. Stretching from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the mountains Southern Siberia, the region is distinguished by exceptional diversity and richness of natural conditions and resources. On a vast territory, 3 climatic zones are distinguished: arctic, subarctic and temperate. Within each of them, changes in climatic features are noticeable, not only from north to south, but also from west to east. Therefore, western and eastern climatic regions are distinguished, the border of which runs along the valley of the Yenisei River.

Cheap flights to Krasnoyarsk

The climate of the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is extremely severe. Here, almost all year round, winter, with very low air temperatures. The coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, located in the far north of the region, is indented by numerous bays and gulfs of the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. The central part of the peninsula is occupied by the Byrranga mountains, abruptly ending in the south to a very swampy, with large quantity lakes, the North Siberian lowland (called, within the region, the Yenisei-Khatanga depression).

For the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, predominantly flat, with insular forest-steppes and fertile soils, characterized by relatively short hot summers, long cold winters, and rapid temperature changes. In the south of the region there are warm summers and moderately severe winters with little snow. Dry fresh air, the abundance of sunny days in summer, the healing waters of springs and numerous lakes create favorable conditions for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums and recreation centers.

In the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, winter begins in September. For 8 months a year, the region has an average negative air temperature, the period of stable frost lasts about 280 days a year; more than 130 days with snowstorms are observed. Large cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, such as Dudinka, Norilsk, located in the far north of the region, have a subarctic climate. Winter here is long and severe, frosts can reach -50 °C or more.

Thaws in winter are excluded. December, January and February are the coldest months. The average daily temperature in January is -36°C. A feature of the Krasnoyarsk winter of the subarctic climate is the frequent establishment of frosty weather, in combination with strong and very strong winds, due to which the effective temperature, that is, the temperature of the sensation of air by the body, is sometimes -101 ° C (!!!). With the most severe frost (-64.3°C), and the highest possible wind speed, the effective temperature can even reach -118°C!

Norilsk - one of the coldest cities in the world, much colder than Murmansk, located almost at the same latitude. The average annual air temperature in Norilsk is -16°C, the temperature amplitude is 96°C. Norilsk is the thirty-second settlement in the world in terms of absolute temperature minimums (ranks 22 in the list of the coldest cities in Russia), and the fourth of the windiest cities in the world, along with Dudinka and the Vostok Antarctic station, according to the maximum, from the average to year, wind speeds. Climatic winter lasts until the beginning of May, and frosts are possible here all year round.

In the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the climate is much milder than in the north. The central and southern parts of the region belong to the temperate climate zone. But, despite this, the climate here is more severe than in other regions of the country located at the same latitudes. This is due to the great remoteness of the central and southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory from the seas and oceans. Winter here starts at the beginning of October and ends at the end of April. Winter is characterized by frosty weather, thaws are rare.

A stable snow cover forms in October, on different dates, depending on the latitude of the area, and disappears only in April. In the mountains of the Eastern and Western Sayan, snow, in some years, remains all year round. Here the snow lies at an altitude of 2400 - 2600 m, in the Putorana Mountains - at an altitude of 1000 - 1300 m. The snow cover is highest (16 cm, on average) in February.

December is colder than February, while its average temperature is slightly closer to February than to January. The coldest month of winter is January, its average air temperature is -20°C. But, in any of the winter months, the temperature can drop below -40 ° C, and for these latitudes such a low air temperature is the rule rather than the exception. Weather conditions are often complicated by blizzards and black ice, which leads to serious accidents on the roads. Gusty winds penetrate to the very bones, complicating the tolerance of low temperatures. By the way, the Yenisei does not freeze in winter, as a hydroelectric power station is based on it.

Spring in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory begins only in mid-May, when the snow begins to melt actively. AT largest cities In the subarctic zone, the average daily air temperature in May rises to +5 - +7°C, on the islands of the Arctic seas, the temperature is still negative.

In the central and southern regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, spring begins in early April. In general, the Krasnoyarsk spring is quite cold, even in May it can still snow, sunny weather usually happens infrequently. At the beginning of April, the weather gets warmer and the snow begins to melt. At the same time, it rains more often. However, there is more precipitation than in winter, but the relative humidity is lower (58% in April and 55% in May). Nature comes to life: young grass breaks out from under the frozen ground, green leaves “peep” on the trees, the singing of birds rejoicing in spring is heard everywhere. May is the only month when there are no severe frosts at night, during the day the thermometer is close to +16 - +17 °C.

On the Arctic islands of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, summer, as such, does not happen. In the warmest month of the year - July, the daily air temperature does not exceed +5 °C. With such a temperature, it is difficult to talk about summer, it is so cold and very short that the earth does not have time to thaw, and a few Arctic mosses and lichens only slightly dilute the dull landscape of the Arctic. But in the summer there is a polar day, and it is light day and night.

Cheap hotels in Krasnoyarsk

In the northern continental cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, such as Norilsk, Dudinka, summer begins, on average, only at the end of June, when the average daily temperature begins to steadily exceed +15°C. At these latitudes, the polar day lasts 67 days, the polar night lasts only 46 days. In general, summer is characterized by warm weather and the highest amount of precipitation. The warmest time is the second half of July - at this time the air temperature can warm up to + 25°C. But July is also considered the rainiest month. The summer, which has barely begun, ends rather quickly, and from the second half of August we can safely say that autumn has come to this region.

In the southern regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, summer begins in early June. At these latitudes, summer is short, but quite warm. In summer, there is a large number of hours of sunshine, not inferior in number to the Crimean peninsula. The weather is mostly comfortable, there is no stuffiness and sweltering heat. The average daily temperature of the hottest month, July, is +20°С. Sometimes the weather indulges in hot days, in which the thermometer crosses the mark of +27 -28 ° С. Despite this, in the evening the temperature drops down quite a lot, to +10 - +15 ° С, it becomes cool. In the mountains, in the evening, the temperature can drop to negative levels, and you need to be prepared for this. In the second half of summer, the amount of precipitation begins to increase. On average, precipitation in July is slightly less than 6 times more than in February. With a decrease in precipitation, nature smoothly leads to another season - autumn.

On the Arctic islands of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one can say that autumn begins in early August. Although it's just that the air temperature smoothly changes from "summer" (+5°C) to autumn (0°C). Autumn is moving fast. By the end of the month, strong winds rage, heavy snowfalls, in general, everything that you can imagine in autumn, all this can be seen here in August.

In the northern regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the climate is still a little better. Here autumn begins on the second week of August, it is a little longer than in the Arctic, that is, it rains for some time before it snows and the wind drives snowstorms. But, autumn is cold, at night the air temperature is negative, and closer to October, and the daytime temperature becomes negative. In the second half of September, it snows more and more often, which very actively replaces the rain. At the beginning of October, we can say that a long, severe winter has already begun at this latitude.

In the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, autumn comes in early September. It is noticeably colder and more rainy. By the beginning of October, the leaves are falling from the trees, and it is snowing more and more often. Thoroughly snow cover manages to settle down in mid-October. And from that time on, we can safely say that winter has come ...

The vast territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory belongs to the zone with sufficient moisture. Precipitation falls mainly in summer. Their number varies from 200 - 300 mm per year in the north, to 400 - 600 mm on the Central Siberian Plateau, and 800 - 1200 mm on the northern slopes of the mountains of Southern Siberia; in the intermountain basins of the southern part - 250 - 300 mm. In most of the region, especially to the north of the Lower Tunguska, permafrost is widely developed.

When to go to Krasnoyarsk region. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is distinguished by amazing natural and climatic conditions. Here, recreation is available from passive, which consists of spending time near the water, to active - extreme walks on water or mountain skis, participation in various excursion and ecological tours, and just relaxation with a recreational purpose. Thanks to healing properties waters of underground sources and sources on the surface, lakes on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, many rest houses, sanatorium bases are comfortably located. It is in the Krasnoyarsk Territory that you can start your journey to the North Pole. From here you can get to the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell.

Of course, the best time to relax in the Krasnoyarsk Territory will be the summer period, from June to September. At this time, the rest on the banks of the mighty Yenisei is extremely good, a large number of tourist bases will make the rest more comfortable and interesting. Hiking along the Sayan ridges, climbing to the peaks and rafting along the rivers of the mountain slopes are included in the standard set of excursions at many recreation centers in Krasnoyarsk and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Summer is the best time to visit famous nature reserves such as the Krasnoyarsk Pillars and the Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, where conditions for wildlife watching are excellent.

In winter, from November to April, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is unusually beautiful. Frosty winter paints nature with unique patterns, this time impresses and captures. In winter, amateur skiing and tobogganing are extremely popular here. The peaks of the Sayans are covered with snow all year round. Fans of active, extreme recreation can try themselves as climbers and climb mountain peaks, accompanied by an instructor. It is worth remembering that the winters here are harsh and very cold, sometimes even the warmest clothes do not save. Therefore, you should avoid traveling on extremely cold days.

May and September are a great time to visit cities, get to know the culture and customs. Krasnoyarsk is a city beloved by tourists and definitely worthy of your attention. The Krasnoyarsk Museum of Local Lore, which has been functioning for almost a century and a half, and the largest shopping and entertainment center in Siberia - "Planet", will appeal to many.

Sanatorium recreation centers operate year-round, which provide treatment with the healing waters of the Krasnoyarsk lakes, as well as other comprehensive programs for healing and cleansing the body. This is a fairly popular tourist destination, people come here, even from abroad. Stunning clean air, in a cocktail with healing mineral springs, have a beneficial effect on the body.

If you like an extreme type of recreation, or your old dream is to visit the Arctic, then you should think about a trip to the Taimyr Peninsula. Of course, visiting such an interesting and unfriendly, by climatic standards, place is worth it only in the "summer time", when the air temperatures allow you to travel in this area, and the polar day is around the clock. Here you should definitely visit the Great Arctic Reserve. It covers a vast territory, it is one of the largest nature reserves in the world, and in Russia it is the largest. For lovers of rafting, the reserve is attractive because it is here that you can make the northernmost rafting in the world along the Khutuda Bige River (which translates as a river rich in life). Diving is organized in the coastal zone of the Arctic Ocean.

The climate of the Republic of Khakassia

The climate of the Republic of Khakassia is sharply continental. Khakassia is located almost in the very center of Asia, between the Sayan and Kuznetsk Alatau mountain ranges. The creation in the 60-80s of two reservoirs - Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskoye slightly softened the sharply continental climate of the republic, due to its location far from the oceans. This climate is characterized by long frosty winters and short but warm summers. The openness of the territory from the north contributes to the penetration of arctic air. The amplitude of temperature fluctuations, in some years, exceeds 80°С (from -40°С to +40°С).

Cheap flights to Abakan

By the nature of the relief, mountainous (eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau and Abakansky ridge, northern slopes of the Western Sayan - height up to 2930 m) and flat (Minusinsk, Chulym-Yenisei basins) parts are distinguished. Plain areas are confined to wide river valleys and are called steppes (Abakanskaya, Koibalskaya and others). The Sayan Mountains, whose height sometimes exceeds 2000 m, occupy two thirds of the territory and are located in the west and south of the republic.

The Republic of Khakassia is a sunny land. It is no coincidence that the name “sunny Khakassia” exists; indeed, there are more sunny days in Khakassia than in Sochi. Absolutely clear and sunny days here, on average, 311 a year. In the Abakan lowland, where the largest number of sunny days, watermelons and apricots, pears and even grapes ripen. Four seasons are clearly distinguished in the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Winter in the Republic of Khakassia begins in early November. As a rule, the winter is long and rather cold, although it does not indulge in heavy snowfalls. Snow cover forms in early November. At the same time, ice formation is formed on the rivers. In December, the air temperatures are still relatively low, but this month, as a rule, a lot of snow falls, and blizzards are frequent. Ice is extremely rare.

The average temperature of the coldest month - January, in the eastern republic reaches -18°C, in the mountainous part it rises to -14°C. The freezing of the soil, due to the insignificant height of the snow cover (15-20 cm) and the blowing of snow into logs and hollows, occurs to a depth of 2 m or more.

February is also a very cold winter month, the temperature difference compared to January is only +2°C. March is still a winter month, but due to the large influx sunlight it becomes noticeably warmer, and in the daytime, it snows abundantly.

Spring in the Republic of Khakassia begins in early April. At the beginning of the month, ice drift on the rivers begins. At this time, snow melts on most of the territory, although in the forest, in the mountains, in some places it lasts until July. Spring time is characterized by strong winds, up to 15 m/sec. The transition of the average daily air temperature through +5°C begins at the end of April. Slow warming of the soil in spring delays the development of microbiological processes. The spring period is characterized by relatively low relative air humidity, which, with a lack of moisture in the soil, causes a complex soil-air drought.

In May, everything around blooms, the active vegetation of plants begins. In May, the daytime air temperature reaches +18°C, but despite such a high temperature, frosts are often observed at night. Frosts end at the end of May, in the mountains - at the end of June.

Cheap hotels in Abakan

Summer in the Republic of Khakassia begins in early June, in the mountains - in early July. In general, the summer in Khakassia is warm, with rare periods of real heat. June is a moderately warm month, this harsh land warms up, forests come to life, and nature is full of colors.

The hottest month of the year is July, its average daily air temperature reaches +25°С. It is in this month that the most frequent invasions of this withering heat, scorched, with temperatures up to +35 - +37 °C. For people who are accustomed to experiencing severe cold and frost most of the year, it is quite difficult to endure such heat, plus a great danger at such a temperature, for Agriculture, is drought.

In August, the temperature goes down, in this month the heat comes rarely and the largest amount of precipitation falls (more than 55% of the annual norm), mainly in the form of showers. The main reason for the dryness of the climate this month is the influence of mountain ranges that create a rain shadow.

Autumn in the Republic of Khakassia begins in early September. In September, mostly dry, sunny weather prevails. Enough comfortable temperature, in the evening, is replaced by severe frosts, and in the middle of the month, and at all, the night temperature can drop below zero. The end of the month is characterized by the beginning of cold drizzling rains.

October is the second and last autumn month. This is a gloomy gray time, with endless drizzling rains, cold gusty winds that violently strip the last leaves from the trees, and severe frosts on the soil. In the second half of the month, slightly negative air temperatures are often observed, and drizzling rain often changes to snow. This is a time of very unstable and changeable weather, but nature says one thing is true: winter will come soon. And winter really comes at the beginning of November, a long hard winter...

There is little precipitation in the Republic of Khakassia and its distribution is extremely uneven, both over the years and over the growing season. The minimum amount of precipitation falls in the lower parts of the Minusinsk depressions - 275-375 mm; in the forest-steppe - 380-500 mm, in the forest belt - 1,000 mm; the largest amount - up to 1,500 mm falls on the high mountain ranges of the Western Sayan. Most of the precipitation falls in the warm season, in May - September (up to 75%), in October - April about 25% of the annual precipitation falls.

Throughout the year, winds prevail in Khakassia, mainly from the southwestern and northern directions. The average annual wind speed is 2.6 m/s. The maximum wind speed (more than 15 m/s) is observed in the transitional seasons, in spring and autumn. In winter, almost throughout the territory of the Republic of Khakassia, south and southwest winds prevail, and in summer, the northwest wind direction prevails.

When to go to the Republic of Khakassia. Khakassia has everything a traveler could wish for: high snow-capped mountains, forests that did not hear the sound of an ax, cool and clean rivers, endless fragrant steppes and a huge number of various reservoirs. And of course, the best time to visit all these majestic beauties of nature will be warm summer time - from June to September. The water resources of Khakassia are supplemented by 300 lakes, salty and fresh, the most famous of which are the healing lakes of Shira, Bele and Khankul. Here you can have a good time by the water, relax in the wild, swim, go fishing. Boarding houses and rest houses of Khakassia offer tourists a wonderful holiday in these places. Magnificent mountains attract and beckon climbers, lovers of trekking and hiking. The mountains are covered with dark coniferous taiga, there are sharp peaks and snow-covered barrens, and create a genuinely beautiful landscape around.

May and September are cool months for outdoor recreation, so they should be devoted to sightseeing of the republic. About 30 thousand historical monuments are under the Khakas sky - ancient settlements, mounds, rock paintings, menhirs with runic inscriptions of the ancient Khakas, sanctuaries and even the ancient astronomical observatory Chests.

Winter time - from December to mid-March is great for outdoor activities. Winter sports enthusiasts are waiting for modern ski resorts and tourist recreation centers of Khakassia, which are located in the Western Sayan Mountains. Located on the slopes and at the foot of the mountains, they delight vacationers with their ski slopes and many other entertainments. Real taiga, mountain taiga rivers add flavor of Siberian exotics to the rest.

Not the best time to visit Khakassia is autumn October and winter November. The most inclement weather in these parts occurs in October, and if you do not want to completely ruin your vacation, it is better not to come here at this time. November is the first winter month here, the temperature is more predictable, but nevertheless, the unsettled weather background can bring some surprises, and a small snow cover will not allow active winter sports.

April is a transitional spring month, rains, mud and slush are provided, so it is better to avoid this time for travel. It is strictly forbidden to climb the mountains in April and May - the risk of avalanches is very high, because, although slowly, spring also begins in the mountains.

The climate of the Republic of Tuva

The climate of the Republic of Tyva is sharply continental. Tyva is one of the few regions of our planet where such a variety of natural conditions can be found in a small area. Located in the heart of the Asian continent, Tuva combines elements of two natural zones at once. South Siberian tundra and forests coexist with sandy Central Asian deserts, and reindeer live side by side with wolves and camels. Alpine meadows of Tuva delight with a riot of colors and flowers, and in the highlands, where harsh conditions reign, rare animals live: local yaks and snow leopards.

Cheap flights to Kyzyl

The climatic conditions of the Republic of Tyva, due to the harsh sharply continental climate, left their mark on the nature of this region. Sharp deviations in weather conditions in some years - dry periods, worsening conditions for seed germination and seedling development, late spring frosts until June 15, and early autumn frosts from August 15, significantly reduce the period of active vegetation. Low temperatures in winter down to -48 - -53°C, causing deep frost cracks, strong winds up to 20 m/s and more, causing windbreaks and windfalls, combined with low natural soil fertility, adversely affect the growth and development of plantations, especially young stands and forest crops. The mountains play the role of a wall that isolates from external climatic changes, which determines the climate of Tyva - sharply continental, with cold winters and hot, sunny summers.

Winter in the Republic of Tyva begins in early November and lasts 5 months. Winter is characterized as frosty windless and with little snow. A stable snow cover is established at the end of October and reaches 15-20 cm, and in the mountains up to 1-2 meters. The number of days with snow cover varies from 140 to 190 days, with an increase in the height of the area above sea level. The severity of the winter regime is determined by the predominance of the anticyclonic weather regime with frequent lulls, persistent frosts, which are not interrupted by thaws for whole months.

The coldest winter month is January. Average daily temperatures in January are from -25°С to -34°С, sometimes frosts down to -55 - -58°С occur. On some days in the eastern part of the valley-steppe zone the temperature can drop to -60˚С (Saryg-Sep). The air temperature on the tops of the mountains, as a rule, is 20 ° C higher than at the bottom of the basins. All 5 winter months in the region is dominated by sunny and rather frosty weather, persistent frosts stop only in the third decade of March.

Spring in the Republic of Tyva comes in the first half of April and lasts only 2 months. Snowmelt begins in the first decade of April, the last snow melts only in the middle of the month, and in the mountains, and at all, only in mid-May. Spring in the Republic of Tyva is a relatively short season, characterized by clear, dry and slightly windy weather.

The transition of the average daily temperature through 0°C occurs in the third decade of April, however, night frosts continue until the end of May and are often possible in early June, up to June 12-13. The transition of the average daily temperature through + 5°C, which means the beginning of the growing season, occurs only in the middle or end of May.

Cheap hotels in Kyzyl

Summer in the Republic of Tyva begins in early June and lasts, on average, 85 days. Summer is dry, warm, even hot in the intermountain basins, short and cool in the mountains. The hottest summer month is July. The average daily temperature in the flat part of the republic is +20 - +30°C, on some days it reaches +40°C in the hollows, and +25 - +30°C in the mountains. The period with temperatures above +10°С is 100-125 days in the valleys, and no more than 80 days at an altitude of 1400 meters. The main amount of precipitation (60-70%) falls, namely, in the summer months. After August 15, frosts begin, which indicates the beginning of the autumn period.

Autumn in the Republic of Tuva begins in the second half of August, towards the end of the month, and lasts until the end of October - beginning of November. Autumn is dry, sunny, the best time of the year. Autumn comes quickly. The first half of September is the velvet season. Warm autumn days accompanied by clear sunny weather and secondary flowering of herbaceous vegetation in intermountain basins. However, night frosts in September are frequent, while during the day the air temperature can rise quite significantly up to +33°C (Kyzyl). After warm sunny days, cold, snowless weather sets in, followed by rapid leaf fall. Snow begins to fall in late September - early October, and in the second half of October a stable snow cover is already established, winter begins ...

Precipitation in the Republic of Tuva is scarce and unevenly distributed. In the basins, 150 - 400 mm of precipitation falls per year (in the Tuva basin - 200 - 220 mm, in the Todzha basin - 350 - 400 mm), in mountainous regions from 400 - 600 mm to 800 - 1000 mm per year. Areas of permafrost are common in the territory. Relative air humidity, which characterizes the degree of air saturation with water vapor, varies throughout the year over a wide range, from 30-50% in May to 70-75% in December-January. Tyva has 36 to 72 dry days a year (days with relative humidity less than 30%). The number of wet days with a relative humidity of 80% or more varies from 22 (Erzin) to 72 (Kyzyl), with fewer in the west and more in the east.

The winds over Tuva are weak, especially in winter. In the spring there is an increase in wind activity, the maximum speed often exceeds 15 m/s, in some years it reaches 20-25 m/s. Strong winds also occur in summer, usually in the afternoon.

When to go to the Republic of Tyva. Best time for a trip to Tuva, of course, the warm summer months - from June to September. The beauty of Tuvinian nature strikes with its magnificence. High mountains, numerous waterfalls, rivers and lakes, downright conducive to eco-tourism and serene relaxation in the bosom of nature.

Tyva is a favorite place for hunters and fishermen. Here are the largest bears in the world, and reindeer. The most popular for fishing and hunting are the Sorug River and Lake Choigan-Khol, located near the spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains. The water resources of Tuva are very great. In addition to the numerous rivers of the Upper Yenisei basin, there are up to five hundred lakes here, where eighteen species of fish live. Here you can catch a large grayling, burbot, taimen, lenok, pike or perch.

Tuva boarding houses invite vacationers to experience the healing power of this region. The Republic of Tuva is the birthplace of healing springs. The most famous of them are the hot springs Tarys and Ush-Beldir in the mountains of Eastern Tuva, in which hot water with a temperature of +52 - +82 ° C comes out of the ground. The republic also has its own Dead Sea - Lake Svatikovo (Dus-Khol). This is a salt lake that has no runoff, and its medicinal properties even surpass, in this respect, the Dead Sea and Lake Tuz. Many diseases are effectively cured here, including diseases of the joints, skin, and nervous diseases.

May and September are a great time for sightseeing tours in the Republic of Tyva. At this time, it is not so hot, the weather is pleasantly sunny. Tyva is a very ancient land, as evidenced by ancient petroglyphs, and stone remnants in the desert south, and the burial mounds of Scythian kings, who have been sleeping here for over two and a half thousand years. Journey into the depths of time will bring an unforgettable experience, you will be able to make amazing discoveries.

The winter months, from November to mid-March, are a good time to travel through the snow-covered untouched nature of the republic. There are no major ski resorts here, which is why there are few tourists in the region, and this is one of the best places to be alone with the unique mountain nature. However, the winter here is very severe, so if you are planning a trip at this time of the year, you should carefully plan your wardrobe, because thaws are extremely rare in the region.

You should not visit the Republic of Tyva during the transitional months - April and October. At this time, the weather is changeable, the region is quite dirty and cool, you are unlikely to experience the pleasure of staying on fresh air, in bad weather. In addition, gray gloomy colors will not allow you to experience delight and feel the beauty of this region.

The climate of the Irkutsk region

The climate of the Irkutsk region is sharply continental. This is facilitated by the remoteness of the Irkutsk region from the seas, and its location in the center of the Asian continent. Compared to the territories located at the same latitudes in the European part of Russia, the Irkutsk region has the longest winter, a record number of hours of sunshine, a large annual absolute amplitude of air temperatures, high pressure and rapid change of weather in spring and autumn.

Cheap flights to Irkutsk

Lake Baikal and the Angara reservoirs play an important role in shaping the climate of the Irkutsk Region. The enormous mass of water and the area of ​​these reservoirs smooth out sharp average annual and average daily fluctuations. Of the atmospheric processes, the formation of climate is influenced by the western transfer of air masses and the Asian anticyclone. Air masses from the seas of the Far East do not reach the region. Warm air masses from the south and southwest rarely penetrate and cause short-term warming in winter. The average annual air temperature throughout the region is negative, with the exception of the Baikal coast (Peschanaya Bay).

The maximum annual temperature fluctuations can exceed 80°C, and daily - 30°C. Closer to the northern regions, the temperature varies in the winter-summer period and, also, a large difference in temperature is observed in the daytime and at night. The frost-free period on the territory of the region is much shorter compared to the regions of the European part of Russia, which lie at the same latitude. This is due to the intense loss of heat by the earth's surface at night, and the intrusion of cold air masses. In the southern regions of the region, the frost-free period lasts 80-100 days, in the north - 57 days, while in Minsk the frost-free period lasts 157 days, and in Ryazan - 145 days. In most parts of the region in summer, including, even in July, there are frosts. Permafrost is widespread in a significant part of the region; its preservation is facilitated by a small thickness of snow cover and low air temperatures in winter.

By the number of sunny days, the Irkutsk region is not inferior to the Crimea and the North Caucasus. The annual number of hours of sunshine, depending on the area, ranges from 1700 to 2500 hours. For example, in Kislovodsk - 2007 hours of light per year, and on the southern coast of Crimea - 2300 hours of light.

Winter in the Irkutsk region begins in late October - early November. In winter, windless, clear and frosty weather sets in on the territory of the Irkutsk region, with characteristic temperature inversions and high atmospheric pressure. The duration of winter in most of the territory of the Irkutsk region is about 180 days, and in the northern regions and in the mountains - up to 200 days. A stable snow cover is established in October - in the north of the region, and in November - in the south, and remains for 160 -175 days (in the north - 185 - 206 days). The height of the snow cover, in most of the territory, is 30 - 40 cm (in the north 50 - 60 cm). In some places, the cover may be zero, in other regions it can reach 60 cm or more. Snow cover of 1,000 cm is recorded in the mountains. The duration of freeze-up is 160-200 days, and maximum thickness ice can reach 1,000 mm.

At the beginning and at the end of the winter season, a long period of snowlessness is often observed, which leads to severe freezing of the soil and soils. These are the most unfavorable periods for plants. Early snowfall protects plants from freezing and soil from drying out. Cold dense winter air, driven by gravity, accumulates in low places and creates peculiar cold zones. At the same time, higher temperatures are often observed in elevated places.

January is the coldest winter month of the year, the daily air temperature reaches -18°С in the south, and in the northern part of the region it reaches -35°С. In some northern regions, the temperature can be below -50°C on the thermometer. In winter, it is much warmer near Lake Baikal than far from it, since a large, in terms of volume, water mass gives off heat to the surrounding space and softens the climate. However, the Irkutsk winter is not characterized by uniform cold weather throughout the entire winter period. In winter, repeated warming often occurs due to the passage of cyclones from the west, southwest and northwest.

February differs from January in air temperature, about 2 - 3 degrees warmer than in January, but the general background of a sunny frosty winter persists until mid-March, sometimes interrupted by short thaws.

In the northern and northeastern parts of the Irkutsk region there are permafrost zones. Some of its sections at different depths can also be found in the southern regions of the Irkutsk region: Nizhneudinsky, Kachugsky and other regions. The preservation of permafrost is facilitated by negative average annual temperatures.

Spring in the Irkutsk region comes in early April. Spring is a symbol of youth and beauty, it is the shortest season (30-35 days) when the average daily air temperature passes through 0°C to + 10°C. In the south of the region, spring begins in the first decade of April and ends in the third decade of May, in the north it begins at the end of April and ends at the end of May, or at the beginning of June. The beginning of spring coincides with full release from the snow of open areas. The soil is thawing at a depth of 10-20 cm, crops wintering under the snow are awakening. At the same time, rivers are cleared of ice.

Spring - this is the period of awakening of nature from a long rest, under the influence of an ever-increasing influx of solar radiation. Snowdrops appear on the southern slopes - the first spring flowers. Spring is characterized by an increase in solar radiation, an increase in daytime air temperatures and an increase in daily amplitudes, periodic returns of cold weather, instability of weather conditions, and a small amount of precipitation.

The average daily temperature, in most of the territory of the Irkutsk region, passes to a stable positive only at the beginning of May. The end of spring, as a rule, coincides with the end of bird cherry blossoms, the end of regular spring frosts, and the start of sowing crops.

Under the influence of the warming of the earth's surface and an increase in air temperature, the effect of passing anticyclones weakens, the air pressure decreases, and favorable conditions are created for cyclonic activity. The passage of cyclones creates unstable spring weather, however, in the second half of spring, generally clear, dry and windy weather prevails.

Cheap hotels in Irkutsk

Summer in the Irkutsk region begins in the last days of May and lasts 90-110 days. Summer is short but can be very hot. The surface of the earth heats up rapidly, a low pressure area forms over it and a cyclonic type of weather sets in, although the first half of summer is usually hot and dry.

The hottest summer month is July. Its average daily air temperatures range from +20°С to +25°С. According to the temperature indicators of July, the region is approaching the summer air temperatures of the southern part of Belarus. But the maximum summer temperatures, in most areas of the Irkutsk region, can exceed +30 °C. The increase in the average daily air temperature occurs mainly due to the daily warming of the soil. At this time, the animal and plant world is rapidly developing.

Long rains are often observed in late July and August. At this time, up to 85% of the annual precipitation can fall. On the rivers, there is a rapid rise in water levels and an increase in its flow. The process of evaporation from the surface of the earth reaches its maximum development, the moisture circulation increases.

Autumn in the Irkutsk region begins on August 25-30 in the north, and September 6-9 in the south, and ends on October 15 in the north and October 25 in the south of the region. Its characteristic feature is that there are sharp daily fluctuations in temperature and early frosts begin. The first month of autumn is September, a very pleasant season, justifying its name “golden autumn”. In autumn, the number of clear days increases, the transparency of the air increases, and the visibility range increases. At this time, the height of the sun above the horizon decreases, the length of the day is reduced, and the daily air temperature drops markedly. On clear autumn days, from the heights of the western outskirts of the city of Irkutsk, the snow-capped peaks of Khamar-Daban and the Kitoisky goltsy are clearly visible.

In the second half of autumn, the Asian anticyclone begins to form, and the amount of precipitation decreases compared to summer. Snow may fall at the end of September, and in October the height of snow cover in the north reaches 10 cm, in the south at this time there may be no snow. In mid-October, the average daily air temperature drops below zero.

Autumn is dragging on on the shores of Lake Baikal, where the water, heated during the summer, continues to give off its warmth to the surrounding space. Here the snow cover is established later. Most of the rivers freeze by November. The freezing period ranges from 7 to 21 days.

The distribution of precipitation in the Irkutsk region is uneven, both over the territory of the region and by the seasons. By the amount of precipitation, the region is close to the southeast of the European part of Kazakhstan. In the cold season, only 15-20% falls, in the warm season 80-85% of the annual precipitation. This largely distinguishes the climate of the region from the climate of the southeast of the European part of Russia. On the flat territory, on average, 300-400 mm of precipitation falls annually, in the mountains - over 600 mm. In the Eastern Sayan and the North Baikal Highlands, precipitation ranges from 650 mm to 1400 mm, on Olkhon Island it is only 197 mm. As the elevation of the area above sea level increases, the amount of precipitation increases. Precipitation falls in the form of rain, snow and hail. Rains in the summer are both continuous and torrential. Hail falls rarely and relatively in small, in terms of area, territories.

Compared to other regions of the Russian Federation lying at the same latitudes, the Irkutsk region is distinguished by the predominance of high atmospheric pressure in the year, which reaches 770 mm. This is due to the fact that the territory of the region is located in the zone of action of the Arctic Ocean. Air pressure decreases in the summer, when the sun's rays warm the earth's surface and air, but this pressure remains high compared to other areas (719 mm). As the air temperature drops in autumn, the pressure rises again.

When to go to the Irkutsk region. The best time to travel to the Irkutsk region is the warm summer months, from June to September. In summer, many walking tours are offered to the protected corners of the Baikal coast, in the warm season it will be nice to go on a cruise on the lake, relax like savages in tents in the bosom of pristine nature, or go horseback riding. Eastern Sayans - the best place for lovers of eco-tourism and wildlife lovers. The beautiful national parks of the region and the most beautiful places in Eastern Siberia are located precisely in the Irkutsk region.

And what a wonderful summer vacation on the shores of the famous Baikal. In some places of Baikal, the water warms up so much that it is quite possible to swim. Baikal is a unique, in all respects, lake, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, is the main object of attraction for tourists from all over the world to the Irkutsk region. But it is worth remembering that in the summer, in the reference tourist points of Lake Baikal - Listvyanka, Slyudyanka, Olkhon, Maksimikha or Enkhaluk - there are a lot of vacationers, places and tickets should be booked in advance, the prices for everything are quite high, and normal service is often lost in the bustle and the atmosphere of the place.

May and September are the most suitable months for sightseeing tours in the cities of the region, sightseeing, and leisurely walks in nature. The weather is favorable, the sun does not burn mercilessly, the air temperature is usually very comfortable, but do not forget that frosts are possible in the morning and at night. You should always have warm clothes and shoes with you.

Winter - the period from November to the second half of March - is an excellent time for lovers of winter sports. In winter, ski resorts operate here and a variety of winter activities are offered, such as snowmobiling on the ice of Lake Baikal, or ice fishing. In winter, Lake Baikal is dressed in a thick layer unusually clear ice. And it is already an attraction for tourists. Everyone who sees the Baikal ice for the first time flops down on their stomach and tries to look out for something in the depths of the lake. Ice, made from the purest Baikal water, has a bluish tint, sometimes even bright blue, almost blue. Winter Baikal is, without exaggeration, the largest skating rink in the world. And the most beautiful. In addition, it is even and very slippery - you can only walk on it in ordinary shoes with small steps. So skates are an ideal means of transportation around Baikal for short, and even long distances.

But the most massive action on Lake Baikal in the winter season is fishing! The Baikal ice fishing season begins in January, when the bays freeze. At this time, you can catch fish, which the locals disdainfully call sor - perch, roach, pike, dace. The colder, the thicker the ice, the further the fishermen go from the shore. Riding on Baikal on snowmobiles and "cheesecakes", individual excursions, championships in various sports - from golf on ice to curling, exhibitions of ice sculptures and an eventful program in open-air museums - all this awaits you in the Irkutsk region in the winter season. It is also worth mentioning the absence of large crowds of tourists, and reasonable prices in tourist places. But you should also not forget that the Irkutsk region is still Siberia, and winters in Siberia are cold ...

You should not come to the Irkutsk region during the transitional months of April and October. At this time, unstable weather persists, with fairly heavy prolonged precipitation and a gray gloomy sky. Chilly weather, combined with dirt on the roads, and a generally rather low air temperature, can spoil the mood of even the most optimistic travelers. All the beauty of these places can be appreciated only in good weather, and this should be taken into account when planning your trip to these unique places.

Tours to Baikal – special offers of the day

The climate of the Republic of Buryatia

The climate of the Republic of Buryatia is sharply continental. The remoteness of the territory of Buryatia from the seas and oceans, its location in the center of the Eurasian continent and the mountainous and hollow relief, determined a peculiar and unique climate. A unique feature of the climate is a sharp and frequent spatial variability: the presence of mountain ranges different heights and orientation, the existence of intermountain depressions and intermountain valleys - all this greatly affects the local circulation of air masses, dramatically changing the main climatic indicators during the year and day. The climate of the republic is extremely heterogeneous, with large annual and daily fluctuations in air temperature, and with an uneven distribution of precipitation over the seasons of the year. This mountain-taiga land, located in the central part of the Asian continent, is characterized by cold winters and hot summers.

Cheap flights to Ulan-Ude

The climate is formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry climate of the Mongolian deserts and the humid Pacific climate. The average annual temperature in the Republic of Buryatia is negative - and is -1.6°С. And such regions as Barguzinsky, Bauntovsky Evenk, Kurumkansky, Muysky, Okinsky, Severo-Baikalsky, in terms of their climatic characteristics, are generally equated to the regions of the Far North. A distinctive feature of the climate of Buryatia is the long duration of sunshine, approximately 1900 - 2200 hours per year, which even surpasses some of the southern regions of Russia.

Winter in the Republic of Buryatia begins in early November. The Buryat winter is cold, with dry frost and little snow. During the cold period of the year, the development of a powerful northeastern spur of the Siberian anticyclone is observed, which appears in September - October and disappears only in April - May. Therefore, winter in the Republic of Buryatia is characterized by a large number of sunny days and low air temperatures, which, however, are quite easily tolerated due to dry air.

In winter, cloudy, low-wind or calm weather prevails with a minimum amount of precipitation per year. The lowest air temperatures are observed in river valleys and hollows, where stagnation and intense cooling of the air occur. Throughout the winter period, the air temperature rarely changes, and there are practically no thaws in this region. As a rule, the average air temperature in winter in Buryatia is -22 - - 23°C. The coldest winter month is January (mid-winter), with an average daily air temperature of -25°C. Several times, during the winter period, the weather "toughens the degree", and very severe frosts come to the region, with a temperature of -45 - -55 ° С.

Lake Baikal is a huge heat accumulator, therefore, the winter near the lake is always warmer, and the summer is colder. The thawing effect of Baikal reaches 40 - 50 km from its water area. The average monthly temperature in December, on the coast of Lake Baikal, before freezing is 13-15°C higher than in places hundreds of kilometers away. Often, in November there are days when frosts down to -20°С and above occur 60-100 km from the lake, while on the shores of Lake Baikal the temperature remains no more than -8-10°С.

The huge thickness of the water keeps heat for quite a long time, however, in winter Baikal freezes. Freezing occurs gradually. First, the surface of the water is covered with a thin ice crust. Then, ice banks form near the coast - narrow strips of ice that freeze when storm waves run up to the coast. On the coastal rocks, during storms, ice crusts grow from freezing spray and ice icicles-stalactites hanging down - “sokui”, they remain as a natural decoration for the whole winter. AT open water there is an invisible, at first, to the eye process of ice crystallization. Water cannot freeze completely due to constant wave mixing, but small lenses and needles are formed in it, several millimeters in size.

With the onset of frost, at an air temperature below -20°C, in the first 3-4 days, ice grows by 4-5 cm per day. At the end of October, shallow bays freeze, and in the first half of January, deep water areas. In the southern part Baikal is closed for 4 - 4.5 months, in the northern part - 6 - 6.5 months. Along the northwestern coast, and in the Small Sea, transparent ice free of snow forms, through which you can see the bottom in shallow water. The thickness of the ice ranges from 70 to 120 cm, while the more snow, the thinner the ice. Ice 50 cm thick can withstand a weight of up to 15 tons, therefore, in winter, cars can move freely on the ice of Lake Baikal. In 1904, an ice railway even operated between the Baikal port and the Tankhoy station.

Nevertheless, moving on the ice of Lake Baikal is a risky business. The danger is created by cracks and cracks in the ice, 0.5-4 m wide, stretching for tens of kilometers. Many of these cracks do not freeze all winter, periodically narrowing or expanding. Wrapped in a thin crust young ice, they are often insidious traps, very dangerous when driving on ice in cars and even on horseback. In many places of the lake, in the middle of winter, there is local thawing of ice from below, and the formation of steam, which also poses a threat to travelers.

A long frosty but sunny winter rages in these parts for almost 5 months. The February air temperature is only 2 - 3°C warmer than the January one, in general, the same stable frosts persist. And only at the end of March, you can feel the imminent approach of spring in the air ...

Spring in the Republic of Buryatia begins in early April. The Siberian spring begins to be felt already at the end of March, but the first greenery breaks through only at the end of April. The Buryat spring is windy, with frosts, and almost without precipitation. Barometric pressure, during this period, decreases, and cold air flows from the northern regions of Siberia rush into the territory. This contributes to the return of cold weather and the appearance of long and strong winds.

Spring is divided into 2 stages: the stage of under-ice warming and the stage of soil warming. The stage of under-ice heating begins in early April in snow-covered areas near the western shore of Lake Baikal, and in mid-April in snow-covered coastal eastern regions. The breaking of ice begins from Cape Bolshoi Kadilny, as the ice begins to melt under the influence of ascending flows of warm waters from underwater sources. The ice cover becomes fragile, darkens, and in May Baikal is completely free of ice, but ice fields and individual ice floes float along Baikal until June.

The stage of soil heating begins after the ice melts. All the energy of the spring sun, before that, was spent on melting the snow and ice, and when, finally, most of the ice and snow melted, it was time to heat the earth. In May, the most pleasant part of spring begins, the average air temperature increases every day, the sun begins to pleasantly bake the earth's surface, the trees wake up, the grass turns green. Birds sing in the forests and many animals wake up from hibernation. Flowers are blooming, and the trees are dressed in bright green young foliage. Despite the rather warm and sunny weather during the day, frosts persist in the region at night, almost until mid-June.

Cheap hotels in Ulan-Ude

Summer in the Republic of Buryatia begins in the first half of June. Summers are short, with hot days and cool nights, with heavy rainfall in July and August. The summer heat is felt only in the midday hours, and the morning and evening hours are quite cool. June is characterized by dry and sunny weather, and often, even with dry winds that have developed on the territory of Mongolia. Solar activity is high, starting from the first days of June, but the air masses are still not warm enough. The average daily air temperature in June is +20°С.

The second half of the summer is much warmer than the first and rainier; July and August account for 60-70% of the annual norm. In July, cyclonic activity gradually intensifies, as a result of which moist air masses come from the Pacific Ocean. July is the warmest month of the year, its average daily air temperature is +23 - +25°C, but at night, the temperature drops sharply.

The warmest month near Lake Baikal is August, not July, when temperatures are more stable, for the same reason, September is also much warmer, which can be considered the “velvet season”, since it is quite warm day and night. In summer, the temperature near Lake Baikal is 7-10°C lower than in the rest of the region. The temperature difference is usually around 5°C. The highest daily temperatures in the sun are recorded from the second half of July, and this is the most favorable time for swimming in the clear waters of Lake Baikal. Good for swimming and August. At this time, the water near the coast of the lake is still quite warm. The surface temperature in the open areas of the lake reaches, on average, up to +16°C in July, and up to +18°C in the first half of August. In the bays and coastal areas, the water temperature reaches +20°C in July, and in the first half of August it reaches +22 - +24°C.

Autumn in the Republic of Buryatia begins in late August - early September. It comes imperceptibly, without a sharp change in the weather, and in some years it is long and warm. The air temperature in Buryatia is often higher at this time of the year than in the European regions of the country.

Despite the rather high air temperatures during the daytime, frosts are observed at night. In general, autumn is accompanied by sharp diurnal temperature fluctuations. Already in September, the first snow comes to the region, and in October, snowfalls are the rule rather than the exception. But we must admit that the autumn time in Buryatia is not rich in precipitation.

On the coast of Lake Baikal and near it, as a rule, pleasant sunny weather persists, here it is several degrees warmer than in the rest of the region. Baikal "cools down" slowly, the water at this time of the year gives off its heat. Therefore, even in October, the weather here is quite comfortable.

The average annual amount of precipitation in Buryatia is, on average, 400 mm. The distribution of precipitation throughout the year is extremely uneven. During the 5 warmest months of the year (May - September), more than 90% of the annual precipitation falls, and the remaining 7 months account for less than 10%. The rainiest months are July and August. The maximum amount of atmospheric precipitation (1,000 -1,500 mm per year) falls on the eastern coast of Lake Baikal, primarily on the Khamar-Daban ridge.

When to go to the Republic of Buryatia. Buryatia is one of the most beautiful regions of Eastern Siberia.It surprises with the amazing diversity of its nature, which harmoniously combines the endless taiga expanses, the peaks of the Sayan Ranges sparkling with snow, and full-flowing rivers, with the majestic power of Baikal.

It is best to go to Buryatia in the warm season, from June to September. At this time, there are more recreation centers, it is easier to get to remote areas. It offers hiking and horse riding, river rafting, a great vacation on Lake Baikal with yachting, surfing, water skiing and more. Since July, the water in Baikal warms up quite well and you can swim. But, it is worth remembering that Baikal water quickly cools the human body, so the maximum bathing time is 10 minutes, otherwise, there is a risk of hypothermia. Summer time perfect for fans of eco-tourism and lovers of outdoor activities. Numerous tour bases, at this time of the year, can offer interesting routes. Khamar-Daban and Big Sayan are majestic mountain ranges that stretch for many kilometers. In the east of the Sayans, the Tunkinsky Goltsy stretched for more than a hundred kilometers, which, due to their resemblance to the Alps, were called the Tunkinsky Alps. This mountain range is, in fact, a place of virgin nature.

Hunting lovers will not be disappointed either. In the taiga forests of Buryatia there is a huge number of animals and game birds. Among them you can hunt brown bear, elk, Siberian roe deer, red deer and deer, wild boar, lynx, wolf, fox, Barguzin sable, capercaillie. Tourist bases of Buryatia will offer you exciting hunting and professional jaeger accompaniment.

April is not the best time to travel around the region, as the snow cover is melting everywhere, and it can be very dirty in Buryatia, and it is simply impossible to drive to some places in the region. But this time is perhaps the best for ice fishing on Baikal, so avid fishermen flock to these places, namely, in April. In the rivers and lakes of Buryatia there are omul, sturgeon, grayling, whitefish, bream, pike, catfish, perch, carp, roach.

May and September are a great time for traveling, sightseeing and cultural treasures of Buryatia, as well as getting to know the customs and traditions of the region. At this time in Buryatia there is a cool sunny weather, very pleasant for sightseeing trips. Here you can follow the path of Genghis Khan, explore the paths of the first Russian explorers, visit one of the oldest museums in Siberia - the Museum of the History of Buryatia. M. N. Khangalova. Fans of educational tours can visit the traditional dwelling of the Buryats and get acquainted with their way of life, which is based on in large numbers customs, beliefs and rules. In addition, September is a great time on Baikal for artists and photographers. At this time, the mixed forests of the coast near the Peschanaya Bay and in the Chivyrkuisky Bay are especially beautiful.

The whole warm period of the year, from May to the end of September, is very suitable for the treatment and strengthening of the body in these parts. Here, in the valley of the Zhom River, there are many healing springs that are not inferior in their healing properties to the famous mineral waters of the Carpathians and the Caucasus. People suffering from various diseases regularly improve their health at the carbonic waters of the Arshan resort, the ferrous springs of Khongor-Uula, the siliceous radon thermal baths of the Nile Desert, the methane thermal springs of the Zhemchug mineral springs, and the carbonic acidic radon thermal baths of Shumak. There are also deposits of therapeutic mud and silt in Buryatia - mineral lakes Bormashovoe and Kiran. In terms of the variety and number of health-improving places, this region is one of the richest in Eastern Siberia.

Winter time - from November to the end of March, is also very attractive for traveling around Buryatia. Winters are cold and very sunny. The tourist centers of Buryatia in winter will offer you tours to the taiga regions on a snow and swamp-going vehicle or a snowmobile, riding a Russian troika, magnificent ski slopes. But, it is worth remembering that in November and December the daylight hours are very short, it starts to get light at the ninth hour and after five in the evening it quickly gets dark. In January, Baikal freezes completely, and it must be said that this is the largest ice rink on the planet. If you like skiing, boating, ice skating, then come to Buryatia in the second half of winter - at this time, it is not cold on the ice of Lake Baikal. But, when traveling on ice, you need to follow the precautionary rules: you should not drive cars, snowmobiles and other vehicles outside the tested winter roads, in addition, you should not develop too high a speed, as you may not notice a crack in the ice.

The least suitable for a trip to Buryatia are the transitional months of the year - April and October. At this time, the weather is extremely unstable, making it difficult to plan any trips around the region. Although in itself April is an ideal month for fishing, and in October on the coast of Lake Baikal, as a rule, there are warm autumn days.

The climate of the Trans-Baikal Territory

The climate of the Trans-Baikal Territory is sharply continental. The continentality of the climate of Transbaikalia is much more pronounced than at the same latitudes of Western Siberia and the Far East, not to mention the Voronezh region, at the latitude of which the middle part of the Chita region is located.

Cheap flights to Chita

The Trans-Baikal Territory occupies an inland position, but its distance from the oceans varies. The seas of the Pacific Ocean - the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Yellow Sea are 850 - 1,000 km away from the Trans-Baikal Territory. The closest of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Laptev Sea, is 1,700 km away from the edge. The Trans-Baikal Territory is eastern part the vast Central Asian world watershed of the Pacific and Arctic oceans. Here originate the riding sources of the main water arteries of Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia - the Amur, Lena and Yenisei.

Despite belonging, most of the territory, to the zone of temperate latitudes, due to its location in the depths of the Asian continent, remoteness from the oceans and seas, significant elevation above sea level, the climate here is very severe. In terms of severity and dryness of winter, the territory of the region is close to Yakutia. In some areas, the annual amplitude of temperature fluctuations is 94°C or more. Kalarsky, Tungiro-Olekminsky and Tungokochensky districts are equated with the regions of the Far North. But, the combination of the severity of the climate of Transbaikalia with the bottomless blue sky, the unique landscapes of snow-covered bald mountains, mountain taiga, wide strips of forest-steppes, intermountain depressions and hilly high steppe plains, an abundance of clean mountain rivers and streams cutting through the mountain taiga, and systems of large lakes create an unusually attractive natural environment captivating any person.

For the entire territory of this region, the climate is characterized by long, frosty, cloudy, windless winters and warm in the south, moderately warm or even cool in the north, and in mountainous areas, in summer. The geographical latitude and considerable length of the region, in the direction from north to south, determine the duration of sunshine. With increasing latitude, there is a noticeable decrease in it. The duration of sunshine in Char, per year, is 1,873 hours, as you move south, it increases to 2,163 hours (Middle Kalar), and reaches 2,535 - 2,618 hours in the southern regions (Kyra, Borzya), which is comparable to resorts of the Black Sea coast of Russia - 2,154 hours (Sochi).

Winter in the Trans-Baikal Territory begins at the end of October in the southern regions of the region, and in mid-October in the northern regions. The winter is long and severe, lasting almost 6 months. The winter period is characterized by low cloudiness, duration of sunshine, and persistent frosts; there are practically no thaws. At the same time, winters in Transbaikalia are windless and with little snow. Even weak winds, in the first half of winter, are rare. November and December are characterized by short daylight hours and, accordingly, a small amount of sunshine, which is why both months are quite cold, with low temperatures.

In January, daylight hours noticeably increase, and the number of hours of sunshine also increases. Under these conditions, the earth's surface loses a lot of heat as a result of radiation, which explains temperature inversions and the prevalence of persistent frosts. In most of Russia, January is the coldest month of the year, and Transbaikalia, in this case, is no exception. The average daily air temperature in January is -23°C in the south of the region and -35°C in the north of the region, and the absolute minimums reach -50 - -58°C.

February and March are less frosty months, the average daily air temperature is about 4 - 7 ° C higher than in January, but, precisely, these winter months are considered the most windy, so the difference in negative temperatures between the middle of winter and the end of the winter period is practically not felt. During the entire winter period, an insignificant amount of precipitation falls, and the snow cover itself is distributed extremely unevenly. The thickness of the snow cover is not very large, even in the mountain taiga, and in some steppe basins of Eastern Transbaikalia it is only 5-10 cm.

Spring in the Trans-Baikal Territory begins in early April - in the south of the region, and in mid-April - in the north of the region. Spring is rather short and windy, with heavy frosts at night. In spring, the usual phenomena here are storms, which include winds at a speed of 20 - 30 m / s, squalls, snow drifts, snowstorms, storms, dusty drifts, especially in the southeast of the region. In April, intensive snowmelt begins, and windy weather will only contribute to the rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil surface. Returns of cold weather, significant precipitation in the form of snow, sleet and rain are often observed. However, there is little precipitation in the spring, and therefore, droughts are observed in the steppe regions.

In late April - early May, the opening of the rivers is observed. In early May, the ice drift begins and at this time floods can be expected on the rivers. But, floods due to the friendly melting of snow and ice are not typical for Transbaikalia. If there is a spring flood of rivers, it is because of ice jams. By mid-May, as a rule, most watercourses are cleared of ice. At this time, the first swifts arrive in Transbaikalia, and we can already talk about the imminent approach of summer ...

Cheap hotels in Chita

Summer in the Trans-Baikal Territory begins in early June - in the south of the region, and in mid-June - on the server of the region. Summer is short, and is only 2.5 - 3 months. The Trans-Baikal summer is hot, the average daily air temperature is +23 - +25°C, and at times the heat reaches +35 - +40°C, which contributes to the occurrence of massive forest and steppe fires, which are repeated almost annually. The first part of summer (June) is very dry, with almost no precipitation. The second part of the summer (July and August) is hotter and more humid. At this time, up to 70% of annual precipitation falls.

The hottest month of the year is July, its average daily air temperature is +15°C in the north of the region and +24°C in the south of the region. The absolute maximum of +42°C was registered in the village of Novo-Tsurukhaytuy, Priargunsky district. In mountainous areas, at an altitude of 1,500 - 2,000 m, the average daytime temperatures in July are +10 - +14°C, and frosts occur even in July and August. Summer northwestern cyclones cause a decrease in temperature, cloudy, cloudy and rainy weather, with insignificant precipitation, and southern and southwestern ones - the same weather, as the northwestern ones, but with more precipitation and significant temperature changes.

Autumn in the Trans-Baikal Territory begins in early September - in the south of the region, and in mid-August - in the north of the region. As a rule, the Trans-Baikal autumn is short, moderately humid, with often early frosts at night, sometimes with a return of warm, dry and low-wind weather in the daytime. September is a rather pleasant month, nature paints the taiga forests with indescribable colors. In the southern regions of the region, it is a warm, sunny, calm month, and in the northern regions, at this time, quite late autumn is already rampant, with snowfalls and inclement weather.

In the first decade of October, shores and sludge are formed on the rivers of the Lena basin (Chikoy, Vitim rivers), in the second - already on most of the region's rivers. In October, increased atmospheric pressure is established in Transbaikalia. In late October - early November, the rivers are covered with ice. The duration of freeze-up, on average, is from 160 (Onon River) to 212 (Chara River) days.

Most rivers freeze to the bottom in winter. At the same time, the flow may be absent up to 100 days a year, or more. In the northern part of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a winter period has been established since October, a stable winter cover has begun, the air is dominated by negative temperature air. The average October temperature here is already -10 - -12°C, reaching -20°C by November.

Most of the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory belongs to the zone of insufficient moisture. The distribution of precipitation is uneven: up to 60-70% of them fall in the summer-autumn period. In the steppe regions of Transbaikalia, 200 - 300 mm of precipitation falls, in the mountain-taiga zone - about 450 - 600 mm. The predominant source of moisture is liquid precipitation in the form of rain. Rain nutrition is more than 50%.

When to go to the Trans-Baikal Territory. Transbaikalia is great! Here, tourists are presented with 64 unique natural monument, such as the glaciers of the Kodar ridge, extinct volcanoes, thermal springs, Lake Arey and others. The center of attraction for tourism in the Trans-Baikal Territory is Mount Alkhanai, with a complex of Buddhist monuments and healing springs-arshans, consecrated by the Dalai Lama.

The best time to travel to this unique region is during the warm summer months, from June to September. At this time, you can relax by the rivers and lakes, engage in water sports, visit interesting places. Fans of eco-tourism will enjoy two of the most famous reserves in the region - Daursky and Sokhondinsky. Rare animals are found in the Daursky Reserve - manul, dzeren, Dahurian hedgehog, as well as herds of Mongolian kulans and Przhevalsky horses graze. The Sokhondinsky reserve is no less populated - musk deer and elk, Siberian weasel and sable, ptarmigan and mountain pipit feel at ease here.

The summer months also attract fishermen to the region. The region is rich in water resources, extensive rivers and small clean lakes. Here you can catch ide, grayling, lenok. Lake Nichatka is especially rich in fish, there are perch, taimen, davatchan, goby, burbot and others, including salmon species of fish. Fish lake - so, in a different way, they call Nichatka, this is an obligatory and rich catch of fish.

The warm season - from May to early October is favorable for health tourism. The resorts of the Trans-Baikal Territory are real find for everyone who wants to improve their health in the conditions created by nature itself. On the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory, almost all the main types of mineral cold carbonic and thermal nitrogen waters of Russia are found and there are about 300 sources.

May and September are the most right time for a trip to the cities of the region and sightseeing of local attractions, which are many in the region. In Chita alone, it will be interesting to admire the Shumovsky Palace, the Kazan Cathedral, the Chita Datsan, the Decembrist Church Museum.

Winter time from November to the end of March is suitable for lovers of winter sports and outdoor activities. Cross-country and mountain skiing, snowboarding, skating, sledges, hockey will bring a lot of pleasant impressions. And the contemplation of the winter taiga forest and the white snow caps of the mountains sparkling in the sun, the incomparable, purest Siberian air will have a beneficial effect on the body and soothe nervous system. But, it is worth remembering that the Siberian winter is very cold. You need to dress as warmly as possible. Do not supercool the body, the lower back, legs, respiratory organs and ears should be warm.

The most unsuitable months for travel are the transitional months - April and October. Strong gusty winds, unstable weather and large fluctuations in air temperature will cause a lot of discomfort. Abundant snowmelt leads to impassability, and it will simply be impossible to drive to many places in Transbaikalia. If you want to visit the mountains, then September can be safely added to these two months, in the mountains this is a very rainy cold autumn month.

For many of our compatriots, and even more so for most foreigners, the concept of Siberia is associated with a very harsh climate. Like many other clichés, this statement is only partly true. Of course, the weather conditions of the Siberian lands do not indulge their inhabitants, but they are not as extreme as it is commonly believed. In addition, the climate tends to change, and Siberia is far from being as harsh as it was 100 years ago.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that Siberia occupies vast territories. There are still disputes about the geographical boundaries of the entire region (you can read more about this here - Geography and borders of Siberia), so when characterizing climatic conditions In this region, we will limit ourselves only to the boundaries of the Siberian Federal Okrug, conditionally dividing it into the Western, Eastern and Northern parts.

Characteristics of the climate of Western Siberia

We attributed the following regions to the western part of Siberia - Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Regions, Altai Territory and the Republics of Khakassia and Altai. Perhaps this part of Siberia has the mildest climate. The Altai Mountains cover the above regions from the Kazakh winds, and the extensive Vasyugan swamps soften the summer heat, which is characteristic of the continental climate. The average temperature in winter ranges from -15°C to -30°C. Due to strong winds, the frost in these places is felt a little stronger. The snow cover is established, as a rule, at the end of November and reaches a thickness of 15-20 cm. Summer period characterized by a range from +15°С to +35°С, which is somewhat milder than in the Kazakh steppe. Thus, the climate of Western Siberia cannot be called ideal, but it cannot be called nightmarish either.

Climatic and weather conditions of Eastern Siberia

Eastern Siberia within the Siberian Federal District is the Irkutsk Region, the Republics of Tyva and Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory, as well as the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The climate of Eastern Siberia can be characterized as sharply continental. The average annual temperature is 0°С. In winter, the temperature can reach up to -40°C, but due to the absence of winds, the cold is relatively easy to bear. In the winter season, in the north of Eastern Siberia, polar nights can be observed. Total darkness reigns, the sun may not appear for a month, or even more. The climate of Eastern Siberia is a very sunny summer, during which it rarely rains. The maximum temperature in July-August does not exceed +15°С. Snow begins to fall in October, with a height of about 20-25 centimeters. During the year, precipitation falls in an amount of 300 to 500 mm per year, and in mountainous areas about 900-1000 mm.

The climate of the northern regions of Siberia.

The northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including the Dolgano-Nenetsky and Evenki regions, are almost a real tundra. Here, the climatic conditions are so severe that they could easily become the prototype of the prototype that has developed about the Siberian climate. There is practically no summer in these parts, and the winter period is not only quite long, but also frosty. The duration of the time period with air temperature >10 °C in practice is less than one calendar month. In winter, the thermometer can easily drop below -40°C, and in summer it rarely rises above +10°C. In the mountainous and northern regions, snow cover lies all year round. Perhaps this is the real Siberia, the climate of which is a real test of the will and endurance of a person.

Weather conditions in different regions of Siberia.

In addition to a general description of the climatic conditions of Siberia, we have prepared descriptions of the climate and weather for each of the 12 regions of the Siberian Federal District. More information about the weather in a particular city of the Siberian Federal District can be found here: