Payment for electricity today occupies a significant share in the cost of maintaining a home. IN apartment buildings, the only way to save money is to switch to energy-saving technologies and optimize costs under multi-tariff schemes (night mode is paid at reduced prices). And if available personal plot you can not only save on consumption, but also organize independent energy supply for a private house.
This is a normal practice that originated in Europe and North America, and for the last couple of decades it has been actively introduced in Russia. However, equipment for autonomous power supply is quite expensive, payback "to zero" comes no earlier than 10 years later. In some states, it is possible to return energy to public networks at fixed rates, this reduces the payback time. IN Russian Federation to obtain a "cashback" you need to go through a series of bureaucratic procedures, so most users of "free" energy prefer to build wind generator with your own hands, and use it only for personal needs.
A home-made wind generator for a home does not fall under prohibitions, its manufacture and use does not entail administrative or criminal punishment. If the power of the wind generator does not exceed 5 kW, it belongs to household appliances, and does not require any coordination with the local energy company. Moreover, you do not need to pay any taxes if you do not make a profit from the sale of electricity. In addition, a home-made generating windmill, even with such a performance, requires complex engineering solutions: it is easy to make it. Therefore, homemade power rarely exceeds 2 kW. Actually, this power is usually enough to power a private house (of course, if you do not have a boiler and a powerful air conditioner).
IN this case It's about federal law. Therefore, before deciding to make a windmill with your own hands, it would not be superfluous to check the presence (absence) of subject and municipal regulatory legal acts that may impose some restrictions and prohibitions. For example, if your home is located in a specially protected natural area, the use of wind energy (which is natural resource) may require additional approvals.
Problems with the law can arise in the presence of restless neighbors. Windmills for the home are individual buildings, so they are also subject to some restrictions:
Before deciding how to make a wind generator with your own hands, consider the design features:
The device of the wind generator is the same, regardless of the chosen scheme.
It can be made from any material: even from plastic bottles. True flexible blades significantly limit power.
It is enough to cut cavities in them for wind intake.
A good option is a household windmill from a cooler. You are getting finished structure with professionally made blades and a balanced electric motor.
A similar design is made from a cooler for computer power supplies. True, the power of such a generator is scanty - except to light a lamp on LEDs, or charge a mobile phone.
However, the system is quite functional.
Good blades are obtained from aluminum sheets. The material is available, it is easy to mold, the propeller is quite light.
If you are building a rotary propeller for vertical generator, you can use tin cans, cut lengthwise. For powerful systems, halves are used steel barrels(up to 200 liters).
Of course, you will have to carefully approach the issue of reliability. Powerful frame, shaft on bearings.
As mentioned above, you can use a ready-made automobile, or an electric motor from industrial electrical installations ( household appliances). As an example: a wind generator from a screwdriver. The whole structure is used: engine, gearbox, cartridge for attaching the blades.
The compact generator is obtained from the stepper motor of the printer. Again, there is only enough power to feed LED lamp or charger smartphone. In nature - an irreplaceable thing.
If you are “on you” with a soldering iron and are well versed in radio engineering, you can assemble the generator yourself. A popular scheme: a wind generator with neodymium magnets. Design advantages - you can independently calculate the power for the wind load in your area. Why neodymium magnets? Compactness with high power.
You can remake the rotor of an existing generator.
Or create your own design, with the manufacture of windings.
The efficiency of such a windmill is an order of magnitude higher than when using a circuit with an electric motor. Another undeniable advantage- compactness. The neodymium generator is flat and can be placed directly in the propeller's center sleeve.
The manufacture of this element does not require knowledge of electronics, but the viability of the entire wind turbine depends on its strength.
For example, a mast with a height of 10–15 meters requires well-calculated guy wires and counterweights. Otherwise, a strong gust of wind can overwhelm the structure.
If the generator power does not exceed 1 kW, the weight of the structure is not so large, and the issues of mast strength fade into the background.
Homemade wind generator - not like that complex structure as it might seem at first glance. Taking into account high cost factory products, you can save a lot by making a home wind farm and completely available materials. Given the small cost of creating a windmill, it will pay off quickly enough.
The activity of both individuals and all of today's humanity is practically impossible without electricity. Unfortunately, the rapidly increasing consumption of oil and gas, coal and peat leads to a decrease in the reserves of these resources on the planet. What can be done while earthlings still have all this? According to the conclusions of experts, it is the development of energy complexes that can solve the problems of world economic and financial crises. Therefore, the most relevant are the search and use of fuel-free energy sources.
Perhaps it is not worth reminding that everything new is a well-forgotten old. People have learned to use the strength of the river flow and the speed of the wind to obtain mechanical energy for a very long time. The sun heats water for us and moves cars, feeds spaceships. Wheels, installed in the beds of streams and small rivers, supplied water to the fields as early as the Middle Ages. One could provide flour to several surrounding villages.
At the moment, we are interested in a simple question: how to provide your home with cheap light and heat, how to make a windmill with your own hands? 5 kW power or a little less, the main thing is that you can supply your home with current for the operation of electrical appliances.
It is interesting that in the world there is a classification of buildings according to the level of resource efficiency:
It turns out that our own, home mini-stations installed on rooftops and in yards can eventually compete with large electricity suppliers. Yes, and governments different countries strongly encourage the creation and active use
Researchers have proven that the reserve capacity of the winds is much greater than all the accumulated centuries-old fuel reserves. Among the ways to obtain energy from renewable sources, windmills are assigned special place, since their manufacture is easier than the creation of solar panels. In fact, a 5 kW wind generator can be assembled with your own hands, having the necessary components, including magnets, copper wire, plywood and metal for the blades.
Connoisseurs argue that the design can be productive and, accordingly, profitable not only correct form but also built in the right place. This means that it is necessary to take into account the presence, constancy and even the speed of air flows in each individual case and even in a particular region. If calm, calm and calm days periodically come in the area, the installation of a mast with a generator will not bring any benefit.
Before you start making a windmill with your own hands (5 kW), you need to consider its model and appearance. Do not expect a large energy output from a weak design. Conversely, when you only need to power a couple of light bulbs in the country, it makes no sense to build a huge windmill with your own hands. 5 kW is enough power to provide electricity to almost the entire lighting system and home appliances. There will be constant wind - there will be light.
At the place chosen for the high mast, the windmill itself is strengthened with a generator attached to it. The generated energy goes through the wires to the desired room. It is believed that the higher the mast design, the larger the diameter of the wind wheel and the stronger the air flow, the higher the efficiency of the entire device. In fact, everything is not quite like this:
Designs with a horizontal axis of rotation of the rotor are considered classic. Usually they have 2-3 blades and are mounted on high altitude from the earth. The greatest efficiency of such an installation is manifested at a constant direction and its speed of 10 m/s. A significant disadvantage of this bladed design is the failure of the rotation of the blades with a frequently changing, choppy. This leads either to unproductive work or to the destruction of the entire installation. To start such a generator after stopping, a forced initial spin-up of the blades is necessary. In addition, with active rotation, the blades emit specific sounds that are unpleasant to the human ear.
The vertical wind generator ("Volchok" 5 kW or other) has a different placement of the rotor. H-shaped or barrel-shaped turbines capture wind from any direction. These designs are smaller, run even at the weakest air currents (at 1.5-3 m/s), do not require high masts, they can be used even in urban areas. In addition, do-it-yourself (5 kW - this is real) assembled windmills reach their rated power with a wind of 3-4 m / s.
One of the most popular trends in wind energy today is the creation of a horizontal generator with soft blades. The main difference is both the material of manufacture and the shape itself: do-it-yourself windmills (5 kW, sail type) have 4-6 triangular fabric blades. Moreover, unlike traditional structures, their cross section increases in the direction from the center to the periphery. This feature allows not only to "catch" a weak wind, but also to avoid losses during a hurricane air flow.
The advantages of sailboats include the following indicators:
5 kW of required electricity can be obtained in several ways:
It is important to remember that the power of the wind wheel is proportional to the product of the cubic value of the wind speed and the swept area of the turbine. So, how to make a 5 kW wind generator? Instructions below.
As a basis, you can take a car hub and brake discs. 32 magnets (25 by 8 mm) are placed in parallel in a circle on the future disks of the rotor (the moving part of the generator) for each disk, 16 pieces, moreover, the pluses necessarily alternate with the minuses. Opposite magnets must have different meanings poles. After marking and placement, everything on the circle is poured with epoxy.
Coils of copper wire are placed on the stator. Their number should be less than the number of magnets, that is, 12. First, all the wires are brought out and connected to each other with a star or triangle, then they are also filled with epoxy glue. It is recommended to insert pieces of plasticine into the coils before pouring. After the resin has hardened and removed, holes will remain that are needed for ventilation and cooling of the stator.
The rotor disks, rotating relative to the stator, form a magnetic field, and an electric current appears in the coils. And the windmill, connected by means of a system of pulleys, is needed in order to move these parts. working structure. How to make a wind generator with your own hands? Some start building their own power plant by assembling a generator. Others - from the creation of a bladed rotating part.
The shaft from the windmill is coupled with a sliding joint to one of the rotor disks. A lower, second disk with magnets is placed on a strong bearing. The stator is located in the middle. All parts are attached to the plywood circle with long bolts and fixed with nuts. Between all the "pancakes" be sure to leave minimal gaps for free rotation of the rotor discs. The result is a 3-phase generator.
It remains to make windmills. With your own hands, a 5 kW rotating structure can be made from 3 circles of plywood and a sheet of the thinnest and lightest duralumin. Metal rectangular wings are attached to plywood with bolts and corners. Preliminarily, wave-shaped guide grooves are hollowed out in each plane of the circle, into which the sheets are inserted. The resulting two-story rotor has 4 wavy blades attached to each other at right angles. That is, between each two hubs fastened with plywood pancakes, there are 2 duralumin blades curved in the shape of a wave.
This design is mounted in the center on a steel stud, which will transmit torque to the generator. Do-it-yourself (5 kW) windmills of this design weigh approximately 16-18 kg with a height of 160-170 cm and a base diameter of 80-90 cm.
A windmill-“barrel” can be installed even on the roof of a building, although a tower 3-4 meters high is quite enough. However, it is imperative to protect the generator housing from natural precipitation. It is also recommended to install an energy storage battery.
To obtain an alternating current from a direct 3-phase current, a converter must also be included in the circuit.
With a sufficient number of windy days in the region, a self-assembled windmill (5 kW) can provide current not only to a TV and light bulbs, but also to a video surveillance system, air conditioning, refrigerator and other electrical equipment.
Throughout the entire time of its development, mankind has done both insignificant and colossal ones, literally changing the cognitive and objective reality and representations of discovery based on the widest range of existing laws on planet Earth. All of them, in one way or another, were certain factors and were the fruits of needs and the need to improve something, create, change, adjust for themselves. Based on this, today we have literally come to the conclusion that there are strictly individual needs for the use of already modern and efficient devices and mechanisms that allow you to get the most out of everything that surrounds you. We will talk about such a device as a wind turbine (popularly - a wind blower, wind blower), as well as how to make it your own. with my own hands, spending a minimum of energy and money, and getting the maximum result.
An excellent example for the introduction of a wind turbine and its operation can be the well-known computer game Minecraft, where wind turbines are revealed in all their qualities. The average mini-generator is arranged in a certain way.
All wind turbines in their essence are differentiated into the following main types:
Of course, the first pictures that come to mind when the image of a wind generator arises are rotating blades, a screw, a tail, a turbine, or, as it is also called, a wind turbine, the so-called rotor.
The key link in all activities is a generator, a mast, batteries, an inverter connected to the power grid, a multiplier (reducer, if necessary) and a weather vane.
Vertical wind turbines are the most efficient and easy to manufacture and operate, which leads to their sufficient prevalence, whether it is a spiral or direct mechanism.
Of great importance is both the purpose of creating a wind turbine and the area on which it will be installed, which should be taken into account when planning.
There are key points that require mandatory attention when creating a wind turbine. The first thing to be determined is, of course, the engine of all progress, the heart of the entire system - a generator that can be both purchased and made by yourself, which, in essence, requires some skill and skills, however, with due desire, a beginner can also handle it. . Depending on your goal, you want a serious 10kW, 5kW (5kW) or less powerful 12V machine, or a smaller and simpler bicycle-style wind turbine used as electrical installation on the balcony of the apartment.
The wind turbine can be equipped with almost any generator:
Next, we decide on the blades - the very spinning objects that resemble the blades of a mill. Blades can also be made from a large number materials, the most promising and common of which are, for example, plywood, plastic, sometimes tin (the edges of a barrel, for example), PVC material, and so on. When manufacturing, all significant factors should be taken into account - both the influence of centrifugal force, and the size of the blades, the wind flow on the ground, and others. It is most rational to create a winged character, by virtue of increasing efficiency, by influencing the distribution of the wind flow.
The next step is the manufacture of a device for determining the speed and direction of the wind - a weather vane. It is something like a metal flag that changes its position in accordance with the wind currents. Almost any relatively strong, but light layer of metal can be used as a weather vane.
Mast - in its role can also be used wide range improvised means, for example, durable water pipe. A home-made wind apparatus (home-made) is quite realistic to make yourself, as already described, from the maximum available funds, moreover, the strength of the windmill depends on the materials used and the reasonableness of use in specific conditions. The simplest representative of such devices is quite capable of creating electricity for lighting a room, charging devices, and, if desired, even to meet the basic needs of a relatively small country house.
Generator - essential element the entire installation, without which it is impossible to create a single volt of electricity. It is quite realistic to make a low-speed generator on your own from improvised means, but you should select all the elements for specific purposes, because if we are talking about a powerful installation, then quite serious details are needed here.
The generator includes:
At the same time, to perform the function of a generator, depending on the purpose, you can use almost any workable mechanism, whether it be the remains of a tractor engine or an electric motor from a printer or a fan starter.
It is important how the copper electrical wire is selected.
If we are talking about making a generator from scratch, then elements are needed here. The hub is the middle part of the wheel metal base for the future motor. Neodymium magnets in a certain quantity and size. Metal discs are needed, on which magnets will be attached, polyester resin or another capable of fixing and gluing the magnetic layer, a thick layer of paper, plywood.
It is quite possible to make a wind generator with a power of 220 volts yourself, and even this is far from the limit of possibilities, with due desire and the availability of the necessary materials.
Distinctive features of generators with relatively significant power to small ones with little power are:
From the latter follows the need for a foundation, at least in the form of small prepared and filled holes in order to install a mock-up in them. Also, axial generators lack the property of sticking, or, as they say, the starting point, due to which even the slightest wind can budge blades of such a device.
Otherwise, 220 V wind turbines (including their manufacture) practically do not differ from other representatives and are subject to general rules above.
The most common wind generator, the basis of which is an axial system of wind turbines, based on the use of neodymium magnets in it, which have won their high place on the market due to quality, durability and availability.
If speak about suburban area cottage or estate, but it should be understood that the greater the need, the greater the cost. Especially if we keep in mind the purpose of heating or the constant maintenance of all household appliances, the laboriousness and maintenance of such a device, even if it is one of the most profitable.
A wind turbine, as already mentioned above, may well serve as the main source of electricity even for a whole house.
When compared with close analogues, for example, a solar source is in many ways inferior to windmills, because the sun does not come every day, but an electric generator is even more unlike a wind generator in terms of economic and environmental components.
The main components of a wind turbine for the home (to Of course, when talking about a wind turbine for a home, it should be understood that all the basic elements are needed
In addition, in the manufacture it is also possible to use the principles of the inventions of the APU by Sklyarov, Biryukov or Tretyakov, which will significantly increase the rationality and benefits of using the system and, for comfort, reduce noise effects.
The wind turbine manufacturing process is creative and how it will be arranged depends only on the master. No universal instruction, since each design is a combination of various details and other factors of each particular case.
Everything is done with the help of basic tools - a screwdriver, a hammer, a grinder and other similar ones.
The first thing to do in the manufacture of a wind turbine is to determine the purpose and make basic calculations, drawings, determine the location, and so on. Next, you should assemble and fix the blades, the tail to the battery (connect to the generator).
The main and most optimal, tested and detailed instructions for making a wind generator with your own hands:
Concrete and build the base of the structure in order to stabilize it in strong winds, calculating the main parameters, because for a significant installation of a step distance may not be enough.
In conclusion, it should be noted that a homemade wind generator is an excellent, modern and more and more affordable source of energy every day, spreading with incredible speed. The main advantages of a wind generator, which cannot be assigned to electric generators based on a gas generator, are high efficiency, availability, efficiency, ease of installation and operation, modernity, most are low-noise, environmentally friendly.
Wind turbines today are a promising and increasingly efficient and growing means of generating electricity, while being relatively economical and quite affordable, even in order to make such a device with your own hands.
Homemade wind turbines are a great way to learn new things, try new things, and make an affordable and easy way to provide electricity to the house in the simplest home conditions.
It is difficult not to notice how the stability of electricity supplies to suburban facilities differs from the provision of urban buildings and enterprises with electricity. Admit that you, as the owner of a private house or cottage, have repeatedly encountered interruptions, inconveniences and damage to equipment associated with them.
The listed negative situations, together with the consequences, will no longer complicate the life of lovers of natural spaces. And with minimal labor and financial costs. To do this, you just need to make a wind power generator, which we describe in detail in the article.
We have described in detail the options for manufacturing a system that is useful in the economy, eliminating energy dependence. According to our advice, an inexperienced person can build a wind generator with his own hands House master. A practical device will help to significantly reduce daily expenses.
Alternative energy sources are the dream of any summer resident or homeowner whose site is located far from the central networks. However, when we receive bills for electricity consumed in a city apartment, and looking at the increased tariffs, we realize that a wind generator created for domestic needs would not hurt us.
After reading this article, perhaps you will make your dream come true.
A wind generator is an excellent solution for providing a suburban facility with electricity. Moreover, in some cases, its installation is the only possible way out.
In order not to waste money, effort and time, let's decide: are there any external circumstances that will create obstacles for us in the process of operating a wind turbine?
To provide electricity to a summer house or a small cottage, it is enough, the power of which will not exceed 1 kW. Such devices in Russia are equated to household products. Their installation does not require certificates, permits or any additional approvals.
Electricity is steadily rising in price. To feel comfortable outside the city in hot summer weather and a frosty winter day, you need to either spend a lot of money or look for alternative energy sources. Russia is a huge country with large flat areas. Although slow winds prevail in most of our regions, strong and violent air currents blow over the sparsely populated area. Therefore, the presence of a wind generator in the farm of the owner of suburban real estate is most often justified. suitable model choose based on the area of application and the actual purpose of use.
You can make a simple rotary windmill with your own hands. Of course, he is unlikely to be able to supply electricity to a large cottage, but to provide electricity to a modest garden house quite capable. With it, you can supply light in the evening to outbuildings, illuminate garden paths and home area.
You can read more about other types of alternative energy sources in this article:
So, or almost so, a do-it-yourself rotary wind generator looks like. As you can see, there is nothing super complicated in the design of this equipment.
To assemble a wind generator, the power of which will not exceed 1.5 kW, we will need:
To do the work, we will need metal scissors or a grinder, a tape measure, a marker or a construction pencil, a screwdriver, keys, a drill, a drill, wire cutters.
Most private home owners do not recognize the use geothermal heating, however, such a system has prospects. You can read more about the advantages and disadvantages of this complex in the following material:
We are going to make a rotor and remake the alternator pulley. To get started, we need a metal container of a cylindrical shape. Most often, a pot or bucket is adapted for these purposes. Take a tape measure and a marker or construction pencil and divide the container into four equal parts. If we cut metal with scissors, then in order to insert them, you must first make holes. You can also use a grinder if the bucket is not made of painted tin or galvanized steel. In these cases, the metal will inevitably overheat. Cut out the blades without cutting through them to the end.
In order not to be mistaken with the dimensions of the blades that we cut in the tank, it is necessary to make careful measurements and carefully recalculate everything.
In the bottom and in the pulley we mark and drill holes for the bolts. At this stage, it is important to take your time and arrange the holes symmetrically to avoid imbalance during rotation. The blades should be bent, but not too much. When performing this part of the work, we take into account the direction of rotation of the generator. It usually rotates in a clockwise direction. Depending on the angle of the bend, the area of influence of wind flows increases, and, therefore, the speed of rotation.
This is another option for blades. In this case, each part exists separately, and not as part of the container from which it was cut.
Since each of the windmill blades exists separately, you need to screw each one. The advantage of this design is its increased maintainability
The bucket with finished blades should be fixed to the pulley using bolts. We install the generator on the mast using clamps, then we connect the wires and assemble the circuit. It is better to rewrite the diagram, wire colors and contact markings in advance. The wires also need to be fixed on the mast.
To connect the battery, we use wires 4 mm 2, the length of which should not be more than 1 meter. We connect the load (electrical appliances and lighting) using wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2. Do not forget to put the converter (inverter). It is connected to the network to contacts 7.8 with a 4 mm 2 wire.
The design of the wind turbine consists of a resistor (1), a generator starter winding (2), a generator rotor (3), a voltage regulator (4), a reverse current relay (5), an ammeter (6), a battery (7), a fuse (8) , switch (9)
If everything is done correctly, this wind generator will work without creating problems for you. With a 75A battery and a 1000 W converter, it can power street lighting, video surveillance devices, etc.
The scheme of the installation clearly demonstrates exactly how wind energy is converted into electricity and how it is used for its intended purpose.
The advantages of such a model are obvious: it is a very economical product, lends itself well to repair, does not require special conditions for its functioning, works reliably and does not interfere with your acoustic comfort. The disadvantages include low productivity and a significant dependence on strong gusts of wind: the blades can be torn off by air currents.
Until recently, axial windmills with iron-free stators on neodymium magnets have not been made in Russia due to the inaccessibility of the latter. But now they are in our country, and they are cheaper than originally. Therefore, our craftsmen began to manufacture wind turbines of this type.
Over time, when the capabilities of a rotary wind generator will no longer provide all the needs of the economy, you can make an axial model on neodymium magnets
For the basis of the axial generator, you need to take the hub from the car with brake discs. If this part was in operation, it must be disassembled, the bearings checked and lubricated, rust cleaned off. The finished generator will be painted.
To qualitatively clean the hub from rust, use a metal brush that can be mounted on an electric drill. The hub will look great again
We have to stick magnets on the rotor disks. In this case, 20 magnets with a size of 25x8mm are used. If you decide to make a different number of poles, then use the rule: in a single-phase generator there must be as many poles as there are magnets, and in a three-phase generator, the ratio of 4/3 or 2/3 poles to coils must be observed. Magnets should be placed by alternating poles. To ensure that their location is correct, use a template with sectors printed on paper or on the disc itself.
If possible, it is better to use rectangular magnets rather than round ones, because round ones have a magnetic field concentrated in the center, and rectangular ones along their length. The opposing magnets must have different poles. In order not to confuse anything, use a marker to put “+” or “-” on their surface. To determine the pole, take one magnet and bring others to it. Put plus on attracting surfaces, and minus on repulsive ones. On the disks, the poles must alternate.
The magnets are correctly placed. Before fixing them with epoxy resin, it is necessary to make plasticine sides so that the adhesive mass can harden, and not glass on the table or floor
To fix the magnets, you need to use a strong glue, after which the bonding strength is further enhanced with epoxy resin. It is filled with magnets. To prevent the resin from spreading, you can make plasticine borders or simply wrap the disc with tape.
A single-phase stator is worse than a three-phase one, because it vibrates when loaded. This is due to the difference in the amplitude of the current, which occurs due to its non-constant return for a moment in time. The three-phase model does not suffer from this disadvantage. The power in it is always constant, because the phases compensate for each other: if the current drops in one, it increases in the other.
In the dispute between single-phase and three-phase options, the latter comes out the winner, because the additional vibration does not extend the life of the equipment and irritates the ear.
As a result, the output of a three-phase model is 50% higher than that of a single-phase one. Another advantage of the absence of unnecessary vibration is the acoustic comfort when working under load: the generator does not hum during its operation. In addition, vibration always puts the wind generator out of action before the expiration of its service life.
Any specialist will tell you that before winding the coils, you need to make a careful calculation. And any practitioner will do everything intuitively. Our generator will not be too fast. We want the 12 volt battery to start charging at 100-150 rpm. With such initial data, the total number of turns in all coils should be 1000-1200 pieces. It remains to divide this figure by the number of coils and find out how many turns there will be in each.
To make the wind generator more powerful at low speeds, you need to increase the number of poles. In this case, the frequency of current oscillations in the coils will increase. For winding coils, it is better to use a thick wire. This will reduce the resistance, which means that the current will increase. It should be noted that at high voltage, the current may be "eaten" by the resistance of the winding. A simple homemade machine will help you quickly and accurately wind high-quality coils.
The stator is marked, the coils are laid in their places. For their fixation, epoxy resin is used, the runoff of which is again resisted by plasticine bumpers.
Due to the number and thickness of the magnets located on the disks, generators can vary considerably in performance. To find out what power to expect as a result, you can wind one coil and scroll it in the generator. To determine future power, you should measure the voltage at certain speeds without load.
For example, at 200 rpm, 30 volts is obtained with a resistance of 3 ohms. We subtract from 30 volts the battery voltage of 12 volts, and divide the resulting 18 volts by 3 ohms. The result is 6 amps. This is the volume that will go to the battery. Although in practice, of course, it turns out less due to losses in the diode bridge and in the wires.
Most often, the coils are made round, but it is better to stretch them a little. At the same time, there is more copper in the sector, and the turns of the coils are straighter. The diameter of the inner hole of the coil should match the size of the magnet or be slightly larger than it.
Preliminary tests of the resulting equipment are carried out, which confirm its excellent performance. Over time, this model can be improved.
When making the stator, keep in mind that its thickness must match the thickness of the magnets. If the number of turns in the coils is increased and the stator is made thicker, the interdisk space will increase and the magnetic flux will decrease. As a result, the same voltage can be generated, but less current due to the increased resistance of the coils.
Plywood is used as a form for the stator, but you can mark sectors for coils on paper, and make borders from plasticine. The strength of the product will increase the fiberglass placed on the bottom of the mold and on top of the coils. Epoxy resin should not stick to the mold. To do this, it is lubricated with wax or petroleum jelly. For the same purpose, you can use a film or tape. The coils are fixed to each other motionlessly, the ends of the phases are brought out. Then all six wires are connected by a triangle or a star.
The generator assembly is tested using hand rotation. The resulting voltage is 40 volts, while the current strength is approximately 10 amperes.
The actual height of the finished mast was 6 meters, but it would be better to make it 10-12 meters. The base for it needs to be concreted. It is necessary to make such a fastening so that the pipe can be raised and lowered using manual winch. On upper part pipe fastened with a screw.
PVC pipe - reliable and sufficient lightweight material, using which you can make a windmill screw with a predetermined bend
To make a screw PVC pipe, whose diameter is 160 mm. A six-blade two-meter screw is to be cut out of it. It makes sense to experiment with the shape of the blades in order to increase the torque at low revs. From a strong wind, the screw must be removed. This function is performed using a folding tail. The generated energy is stored in batteries.
The mast must be raised and lowered with a hand winch. Additional structural stability can be given using tension cables.
Your attention is given to two options for wind turbines, which are most often used by summer residents and owners of suburban real estate. Each of them is effective in its own way. Especially the result of using such equipment is manifested in areas with strong winds. In any case, such an assistant in the household will never hurt.
