On the roof or upper floors, and without special devices this is very difficult. We will describe the process of assembling a simple and reliable construction hoist with your own hands, which can lift up to 300 kg alone.
The device assembled according to the above diagram is absolutely mobile and can be brought to a construction site without any problems, even by a passenger car with a roof rack.
For assembly you will need:
The lift is a trolley sliding on rollers between two T-rails. To make them you will need wood good quality humidity not more than 12%: timber 60x40 and board 25x80. Any curvature is undesirable; the tree should not have any defects.
The beam in the guide plays the role of a spacer, setting the distance between the shelves of the brand. It should be 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the rollers; if necessary, plan the beam along the narrow end and bring it to the desired thickness.
To assemble the guide, you need to insert a beam between the boards and align them along one edge. To ensure that the structure is completely monolithic, it is recommended to coat the contacting edges with PVA glue before assembly.
Fold the parts, align them under the square and secure with clamps. Then fasten the boards and beams with white anodized self-tapping screws 55 mm long, screw them in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 30-35 cm in each row. Both boards need to be fastened with self-tapping screws, so the guides will be less susceptible to warping.
If you want to make the guides longer than the available lumber, lay the beams and boards with an overlap of half the length. If spliced correctly, the structure will be exceptionally strong; all that remains is to bring the internal joints of the boards to zero for smooth movement of the rollers.
After assembling both guides, cover them with two layers of drying oil. Check the width of the gap under the rollers and, if necessary, adjust with emery cloth. At a distance of 30 mm from the end in the center of the bar, make a through hole with a diameter of 14 mm in the tee. Use it for bolted connection guides with crossbars, place wide washers under the nut and bolt head. To avoid displacement of the diagonals, make a connection with a half-tree hem.
Start by assembling the frame: insert three 75 cm long crossbars between 130 cm pieces of 40x40 mm timber. Install the middle crossbar 40-45 cm from the bottom edge. Fasten the joints with self-tapping screws, or better yet, assemble the frame using tenon joints.
Attach two 80 cm pieces of timber perpendicular to the frame to the bottom beam, insert a 75 cm long crossbar between their ends and fasten the structure. To strengthen the pallet, make two inclined gussets 60 cm long from timber or boards, cut the edges at an angle of 45°. Attach the gusset to the pallet at a distance of 40 cm from the corner.
Cut a sheet of plywood measuring 83x84 cm and drill holes 20 mm from each edge in 7 cm increments. Through the holes made, screw the bottom of the pallet to the frame with self-tapping screws 45 mm long.
If you plan to increase the load capacity of your cart, the junction of the pallet frame and gussets must be reinforced with overlay plates and angles, and the plywood on the bottom with metal brackets. Attach loops to the upper corners of the frame for padlock with a tail length of at least 70 mm. Insert an M14 bolt into the holes and screw a self-locking nut onto it. You need to pass a piece of cable about 2 meters long under the bolts and tie it into a loop, to which the traction rope will be attached through a carabiner or thimble.
On the top and bottom crossbars between the guide posts you need to secure one rigging block. Fastening is only possible by means of a bolted connection with mandatory installation under the nuts there are wide washers, or better yet, metal plates.
It is recommended to purchase climbing pulleys with a bearing or rigging pulleys with a groove. Most products have a solid body with tight-fitting cheeks, therefore, releasing the cable from the pulley is impossible.
If you're trying to accommodate existing skates, consider adding a retractor lug to them. Roll 6 mm thick steel wire until a loop is formed, and then bend the edges of the structure at the required distance for fastening under the nut to the axis of the block. If you equip the block roller with a swivel, lifting the load will be more convenient and the cable will last longer.
For smooth sliding of the cart, it should be equipped with four roller wheels installed on the sides 20-25 cm from the corners. Buy rollers with maintenance-free bearings and a single-sided steel axle at least 20 mm long. Instead of standard rollers, ball bearings with a closed cage and a cage width of at least 25 mm or wheels from old roller skates can be used.
The roller axis must be removed and a hole to match its diameter must be drilled in the center of the 40x80 mm plate. Having inserted the axle into the hole, install it strictly perpendicular to the plate and weld it, then make four holes in the corners for the M8 bolt.
A very useful addition that significantly increases the safety of use will be the installation of landing pockets for fixing the front wheels of the trolley in a raised position. This is not only very convenient when unloading, but also makes it possible to use the lift yourself.
To install pockets, it is necessary to cut out part of the back board of the guide on which the trolley rollers rest. When lifting, the wheel will slip into the formed opening and stop on a U-shaped block assembled from three bars. To prevent the wheel from accidentally popping out, leave a small lip on the board. After unloading, the trolley can be easily removed from the landing pockets and lowered down, holding it by the cable.
To lift more load at a time, you can strengthen the vertical frame of the cart and install a movable block on it, but this will increase the length of the rope by 1.5 times. The traction rope, in this case, is attached to one of the corners between the guide and the connecting crossbar, passed into a movable block on the trolley, then placed in the fixed upper and lower pulleys.
It is also possible to install the gate as on a well for convenient winding of the traction rope. It can be made from a cut of 100x100 mm timber, brought to a hexagon by a plane. To install the gate, you will need additional L-shaped posts and replacing the bottom crossbar mounting bolts with studs of the appropriate length. The loosened bolts must be used for oblique mating of the racks with the guides.
Using a gate implies increased danger, because a person is always at the lift. To prevent the cart from breaking and falling, it is recommended to install the simplest jumar of climbing equipment next to the upper block.
Crane, made with your own hands, will always be useful in the household for everyone who has a summer house, or for those who live in a private house. It will be especially needed by those owners who are not afraid of various independent construction and repair work. Renting such equipment, let alone purchasing it, will cost a considerable amount. And making a crane with your own hands is actually quite simple - you will learn about this in this article. Try to understand the proposed instructions step by step, performing all the work, and you will get an excellent tool for household use.
For further work you will need the following materials:
Most of the necessary and useful tools It is quite possible to make it yourself, thereby saving the family budget. In general, such a structure is assembled very simply and as quickly as possible. The algorithm described below will help even an inexperienced master. The main thing is to select all the necessary parts and working tools for the future structure.
Important! Ultimately, the resulting structure will weigh approximately 250-300 kg. At the same time, it will be quite compact. A self-built crane will not have a very high lifting capacity (approximately 200 kg), however, this will be more than enough for most home construction or repair work.
Let's move on to the algorithm for making a mini-faucet with your own hands:
Important! Both parts must fit tightly into the bearing. Thus, both parts are connected.
Important! To tighten the bolt that will be attached to the base of the platform, it will be necessary spanner wrench with an extension cord, as well as two washers - a Grover and a flat one.
Important! As a platform, you can use a 1.5-meter I-beam, the width of which will be approximately 18 cm.
Important! The entire assembly must be carried out in a lying position, and when completed the structure must be raised so that it is in an upright position on some support.
Almost any construction site cannot be done without special equipment, especially a construction crane. It becomes an indispensable assistant when it is necessary to lift heavy loads to different heights. Most people associate this technique with huge sizes, but there are many types of cranes that…
Almost any construction site cannot be done without special equipment, especially a construction crane. It becomes an indispensable assistant when it is necessary to lift heavy loads to different heights.
Most people associate this technology with huge size, but there are many types of faucets that are ergonomic and compact.
You can even do some options yourself, saving personal savings during construction. In this article we will look at how to assemble a homemade Pioneer crane for building a house.
Mini cranes are in great demand. They are used during construction and repair work. Modern manufacturers offer innovative solutions in the manufacture of their products.
These devices are different:
Thanks to the availability various attachments, with this technique you can carry out various manipulations.
Mini cranes, both purchased and assembled at home, are capable of working in the most hard to reach places: in cramped courtyards, dense urban construction, uneven sites, inside buildings and on roofs. Compact dimensions allow special equipment to even pass through single or double doors.
They are often used for fine, almost jewelry work. Manufacturers of modern technology conducted an experiment with a matchbox that had to be moved from one place to another. At the same time, the device did not crush or crush a cardboard box of such a tiny size.
The presence of a control panel for the units allows users to control the work process while standing next to the equipment near the load, but only purchased units assembled in production have such advantages.
You are unlikely to be able to make such a device yourself. But you can try to build something similar. Of course, a mini crane assembled by yourself will not be very functional, but it will be able to lift loads of a certain mass to a specified height.
If you make a mini crane with your own hands, it will be able to lift loads weighing up to 250 kg. This will greatly simplify the construction process on site. He can handle lifting logs, concrete mortar, roofing materials. With it, you can do construction yourself without involving a large number of workers.
The main thing when making a mini crane: prepare a drawing, necessary tools and details. The weight of this structure can reach 300 kg. It depends on what materials you will use during assembly. Despite its impressive weight, the mini crane will be distinguished by its compact size and high performance.
Assembling a mini crane with your own hands consists of the following steps:
Attention: when assembling a mini crane yourself, Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between the sizes of the elements and the dimensions of the future device.
To make the device convenient to use, its platform can be equipped with wheels. This is where the old transport cart comes to the rescue.
Features of mini cranes assembled by yourself include:
All construction cranes are classified into:
This equipment is equipped with a boom extension mechanism, a cargo trolley, and a rotating support.
By type of movement they are divided into:
According to the type of control, these devices are electrically driven and manual (mechanical).
Modern lifts are divided by type into:
They, in turn, are divided into:
When choosing a lift, it is worth considering several factors: their dimensions, load capacity, scope of application.
To make a lift yourself, prepare materials and a preliminary drawing. To build it we will need:
The advantages of construction hoists include:
The scissor crane is a simple and easy-to-use design. Due to their versatility and functionality, these devices are used in installation and construction work. They can also often be found in supermarkets and warehouses.
A scissor crane lifts tons of loads every day. This technique, in addition to construction industry, is regularly used in the maintenance of advertising billboards, facade signs, and elevators.
Their main advantages include:
Their advantages also include autonomy - they can operate on batteries. In addition, cranes can be equipped different types drives:
Most often, models with electric drives are used in construction. They are affordable, environmentally friendly and easy to use.
There are a large number of variations of devices of this type, but almost all of them consist of:
To build a scissor crane yourself, you will need to make the base and platform of the apparatus from a channel. To make scissors you will need:
A DIY scissor crane is capable of lifting loads weighing up to half a ton. This device is installed on the UAZ, and after operation it is removed. The basis of the structure will be a thick square bolted to the frame, and the retractable pores will be held on the car bumper.
The Pioneer type lift has excellent technical characteristics. It is light in weight and distinguished by maneuverability and mobility. The advantages of this device include the ability to quickly and easily assemble and disassemble.
To deliver the device to the construction site, it can be disassembled and folded into a simple gazelle. After work, it can also be easily disassembled and transported back. The crane can be installed anywhere: on the ground, in a pit, on a roof, on building floors.
This special equipment is produced by different companies in three main modifications of cranes, lifting capacity, and booms.
If necessary, you can make a Pioneer crane on your own, having with you the necessary consumables, tools, a well-drawn drawing and free time.
As for the scope of application of the Pioneer, it can be used to move various objects at any weather conditions. It is capable of delivering cargo to any floor or building structure. With its help you can deliver: tools, equipment, building materials and the like.
Quite often this device is used when installing roofs. With it you can quickly lift various loads, machines, metal structures, and materials.
The main advantages of the Pioneer crane include:
Important: The Pioneer crane is capable of rotating the boom 360 degrees.
But this unit also has its drawbacks:
The Pioneer crane has a simple design. It consists of the following elements:
So, if you started construction on personal plot, but you don’t have the desire or financial means to hire special equipment, try assembling the crane yourself. With it, you don't have to lift heavy loads yourself.
Attention: The Pioneer construction crane is a collapsible structure designed to lift loads. It can be used when digging a foundation pit for a house, installing a roof, or constructing walls at high altitudes.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, which is installed either permanently or on a chassis. The part of the crane that rotates is installed on the frame. You can rotate the boom manually or electric.
The load of this device is lifted using a winch, and stability is achieved thanks to a counterweight and turnbuckles (steel cable stays).
To make the device, we will need the following materials, which can be found in the garage or in a specialized store:
Tools you will need:
To make a Pioneer faucet with your own hands, you need to make a competent diagram. It should strictly indicate: materials of manufacture, dimensions of each individual element, methods of fastening parts.
When creating a diagram of a future design, it is worth carefully calculating everything. If you don’t quite understand this, it’s better to invite a specialist. Having a well-designed diagram in your hands, you can independently manufacture and assemble the device to the maximum extent possible. short time.
As for the assembly of the product:
The carrying capacity of such a device will be 150 kg. If the ropes are strengthened, it will be possible to lift heavier loads.
Attention: Making an electric faucet at home is quite difficult. It will be more expensive and take longer.
When choosing an I-beam, you should make sure that it fits freely into the pipe. It will be installed on sliding guides, resulting in a telescopic unit.
In order for a homemade crane to function well, you will need to equip it with small diameter cables. They are best purchased at a specialty store. For welding supporting structure and a rotating frame, it is necessary to use a channel.
Thanks to it, the crane will be well fixed to the surface. For safe operation For the device, it is recommended to weld the platform in the form of a rectangle.
To start the lifting process, you will need to purchase an electric motor and connect it to a winch from the UAZ.
Attention: If you want the electric motor to start electrically, invite a specialized technician. Despite the fact that this procedure is not particularly complicated, for safety reasons it is better to use the services of a professional.
That's the whole process of assembling a Pioneer crane with your own hands.
The manufacture and assembly of the Pioneer construction crane has a lot of positive aspects. Installing it on a construction site will help you save on the number of construction workers. With it you can lift roofing materials, timber, working tools and equipment to the required height.
After assembling the homemade device, you can familiarize yourself with its technical characteristics:
In conclusion, it is worth noting that when starting construction on a personal plot, in order to save money, try to assemble special equipment with your own hands. Of course, you will spend your free time on such manipulations, but you can save a lot. Even big ones construction companies They don’t always buy special equipment. They usually resort to renting units.
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Any user of forumhouse.ru will agree with the statement that one of the most necessary equipment during construction is a crane. The steel hero becomes an indispensable assistant when the need arises to lift a large load.
A lifting mechanism is usually associated with a huge structure tens of meters high. However, in private house-building, when compact mechanisms for construction come to the fore, one needs an option with a boom length not exceeding 5-7 meters.
But renting it is not a cheap pleasure, especially if the construction lasts for more than one month.
In this case, there is only one way out - roll up your sleeves and build a homemade mini-crane with your own hands. And our forum members will help you with this!
How to make a homemade faucet
Saving on your own health and trying to manually lift an unbearable load, especially if the construction of a house is carried out independently and without the involvement of hired labor, does not lead to good things. We have already told our readers how to build a vibrating table and vibrating plate on their own. Now we are making a crane with our own hands to build a house called “ mini-pioneer."
“Pioneer” is a mobile collapsible structure, with the help of which the load is lifted to a given height. So homemade the crane can be used when digging foundations and construction installation work ah on the construction of houses.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, installed permanently or on a mobile chassis. The rotating part of the crane is mounted on the frame. The boom can be rotated manually or electrically. The crane design itself is made on a modular basis and can be disassembled into several parts for the convenience of moving the mechanism from one construction site to another.
The stability of the structure is ensured thanks to a counterweight and steel cable guys (turnbuckles), and the load is lifted using a winch and a block.
The experience of our forum member, who decided to build a mini “Pioneer” on his own, is interesting. He needed this construction mechanism to build a private house from timber.
Voldemort:
“I am almost single-handedly building a house from six-meter timber. It is impossible to lift and carry it alone. That is why I decided to assemble a mechanism in order to take the timber from the stack, place it at the sawing site and lift it to the plinth.
As the height of the building increases, our forum member plans to place a crane on the floor beams of the house.
A forum member assembled the frame from a corner 63x63x5 mm. The 5-meter-long boom was made from a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. To strengthen the structure, two corners 30x30x3 mm were used. Also included in the plans Voldemora includes further extension of the boom by another 2 meters.
Voldemort:
– The lifting capacity of the mechanism is approximately 150 kg, but the design can lift more weight, and in order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the multiplicity of pulleys.
Translated from Greek, Polyspaston means “tensioned by several ropes.” They call it a chain hoist construction device for lifting loads. It consists of several blocks connected to each other by a rope or cable that goes around the blocks in a circle. A pulley block allows you to lift a load with less effort than the weight of the load.
The simplest pulley allows you to get a three-fourfold gain in strength; we should not forget that friction losses are inevitable in this system. Even in the best block models they reach 10%. And the more you gain in strength, the more the distance over which the equipment can move the load decreases.
Voldemort:
– It took me a week to make all the components and mechanisms. I spent another two days assembling and fine-tuning the mechanism. The swing drive and the boom lift drive are a six-fold manual pulley. The lifting drive is also a manual double chain hoist.
Voldemort notes that it would be much more convenient to control a mechanism with electric drives - to lift the load from a remote control on a long cord, as is done in industrial models. But in this case, the complexity of manufacturing all the mechanisms increases significantly, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the design and an increase in the time for manufacturing the crane.
The details of the device's manufacture are interesting.
Voldemort:
– As a turntable, I took two faceplates that I found at work. Basically, I assembled the mechanism from what was at hand. Instead of an axle, I welded a 30 mm bolt. I did not take a bolt made of high-strength steel, because such ones weld worse, do not stretch or bend, and immediately burst if their strength limit is exceeded.
All components of the device are lubricated with lithol.
To reduce the weight of the counterweight, the length of the support legs is 2 meters. When independently manufacturing and calculating the components of such a device, one point should be taken into account. The fact is that with a radius of the rotating faceplate of 200 mm and a distance of 2 meters to a counterweight weighing 100 kg, a tensile load of 1 ton acts on the central bolt. And this does not take into account the weight of the boom and the load being lifted!
It is also important to check the device for stability.
Voldemort:
– To begin with, let’s imagine that our crane is a single beam that rests on one support, and this support should be the shortest distance from the axis of rotation. Three forces act on the beam: the weight of the load, the weight of the counterweight and the mass of the mechanism. In order not to take into account the mass of the boom, I underestimated the weight of the crane by 50 kg. The calculation is approximate and simple, but it is better with it than without it at all.
Boom lift drum Voldemort Made from a tube with a diameter of 100 mm.
Voldemort:
– There is a nuance here - the drum cannot be placed close to the blocks. It needs to be shifted slightly along the axis towards the first block so that the second layer of cable is wound evenly.
A forum member made the blocks from three washers: two large and one small. All blocks are without bearings. It is important to ensure that the blocks bend well with the rope. That is, either the rope must be flexible, or the blocks must be of large diameter. Otherwise, when the boom is raised without load, the cables may fly out of the blocks.
Voldemort:
– My rope has a diameter of 12 mm, but it is very thick - there was simply no other way. If I extend the boom, I will install a more flexible cable with a diameter of 5 mm, because its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg.
When designing block systems, it is important to understand how the chain hoist works and is calculated. Let's look at this using the example of a mini-pioneer.
Voldemort:
– The principle of operation of a pulley block is similar to the operation of a gearbox - you gain in strength, but lose in the length of the rope and, consequently, the speed of lifting the load.
In the gearbox main characteristic- this is the gear ratio, and in a chain hoist - the multiplicity, i.e. the ratio of all rope branches to those running off the drum. If we have 6 sections of rope, it means the chain hoist is six-fold.
This means that the pulling load on the drum will be 6 times less than the weight of the load, and the rope itself, if it is designed for 100 kg, then rolled 6 times, will lift 600 kg.
Do-it-yourself construction mini-cranes
The design turned out to be so successful that many of our users decided to repeat it and even give the crane mobility by placing it on a Gazelle.
Forum member with nickname plumag proposes using a similar mechanism with a higher load capacity and equipped with electric drives to install concrete pillars. And in order to be able to transport such an individual crane on the roads common use, make the structure collapsible and partially and completely install it in the body at the site of the proposed work. This will allow you to quickly recoup all costs associated with the manufacture of the device.
At FORUMHOUSE you can find out everything about self-construction cranes, and also get acquainted with the drawings of the mini-pioneer. The portal discusses everything you need to know to make a faucet from scrap metal. From concrete mixer to pipe bender. Forum members threads about making useful homemade crafts that will help you build.
Our video will tell you what tools you need to set up a carpentry workshop. See how to make A yourself in this tool, which will simplify work on your site near the country house.
A homemade crane for dismantling an engine, a photo of making a dismountable crane, and a video of testing a homemade product.
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One day the idea arose to build engine removal crane car, since there is not much space in the garage, which means you need to make a collapsible one!
To build the crane I needed the following materials:
Crane drawings.
Vertical stand.
Jack installation.
Lifting mechanism.
Tested my crane. I suspended a moped of 120 kg, then decided to climb onto the moped myself with another +120 kg - and again it seemed too little! But it is enough to dismantle the engine. I tried and lifted the Gazelle and took a video of the crane in action.
From the ground with a short boom, the lower point is 90 cm, the upper 170 cm.
With a long boom - the bottom point is 80 cm, the top is 180 cm.
Long boom and unscrewed jack rod - bottom 140 cm and top 225 cm.
House and construction /
When building a house from aerated concrete, timber, brick, etc. There is often a need to lift a load. For example, you need to “throw” blocks or wooden beams to the second floor, lift bags of cement or pour an armored belt. Doing this manually, even with the help of assistants, is not so easy - health is more expensive. Hiring a truck crane or manipulator for a small amount of work is expensive. The solution is to use a mini-crane, which, to reduce the cost of construction, is made by hand.
Abroad, during the construction of private houses, cranes and various lifts are often used. This way construction goes faster, which means the “box” is cheaper, because It is more profitable to use small-scale mechanization tools than to hire laborers. Our developer relies on himself and often builds a house “with one helmet.” Therefore, the urgent question is how not to physically overstrain yourself when laying a wall from aerated concrete blocks weighing 35-40 kg.
An interesting variant of an unusual homemade “assistant” of the FORUMHOUSE user with the nickname Cross. First, let's show what he took as a basis.
German mini crane with retractable central post
A special feature of the lift is the original folding “arm-boom”, with the help of which the crane, moving on wheels, can reach two opposite walls.
I am building a house myself and, in order to be able to lay aerated concrete blocks, I built a lift according to the above model. The crane was made completely collapsible, except for the base. Maximum load I didn’t measure it on the hook, but it calmly lifts me (weighing 95 kg).
Technical characteristics of the lift:
The working height of lifting blocks is adjustable in two ranges. The first is 1750 mm. The second is 3.5 m, for which the structure is raised, sliding upward along the supporting “legs” using a hydraulic jack lined with spacers made of GB blocks.
To make the lift, the user needed:
During operation, the design was modified. For example, the user laid the cable for the winch in a corrugated pipe and extended the cable for the control panel.
The design has a number of shortcomings that I would like to correct. For example, I’m thinking about making wireless control, replacing the gate hinges with bearings. Increase the number of “joints” in the boom at the same reach. Instead of a temporary counterweight - bags of sand concrete, pour concrete ballast.
Important nuance: so that the lift can move around the construction site or, for example, along concrete slab ceilings of the second floor, you need to keep the workplace clean, because... GB fragments and debris interfere with the relocation of the tap.
The design of the unusual lift attracted the interest of portal users.
With such a lift, I think, as they do in Germany, you need to make masonry from blocks larger than standard ones. The length and height are 2-3 times greater than a regular GB. The crane has enough lifting capacity, and the laying speed will increase significantly.
According to Cross, he heard that someone on the portal had already tried to order blocks of 1x0.4x0.6 m format from a gas silicate manufacturer. But it turned out that this was not profitable for the plant, because it is necessary to reconfigure the GB production line, and for the sake of small volume(for an ordinary private house) they will not do this.
I'm wondering: is the work on site easier when using a crane? What work can be done with it and what cannot?
There is no need to install scaffolding when laying GB walls. The lift can be assembled and disassembled. I poured the concrete lintels over the windows the old fashioned way, from buckets, because... The volume is small, and it’s easier to do it with one assistant.
Grand total: The mini-crane turned out to be successful, and with some modifications to its design, the lift can be put into small-scale production.
Another option lifting mechanism made from metal “lying underfoot” by a portal member with the nickname Peter 1.
According to Peter 1, The reason for building a crane is that the house is getting higher and higher, and the blocks and concrete are getting heavier. Therefore, after revising the “unnecessary things”, the user manufactured a completely dismountable crane with a lifting capacity of 200 kg.
I think my crane can lift more, but I didn’t overload it. The crane can be disassembled into parts weighing 30-60 kg and can be easily transported in a trailer passenger car. I carry an arrow on the trunk. Statically tested a structure weighing 400 kg. I usually lift up to 150 kg. This is quite enough for my construction needs.
At one time, the crane, with a boom reach of 5 m, lifts 10 blocks weighing 15 kg each, or four 15-liter buckets of solution.
The design of the crane is a hodgepodge of what was at hand. Let's list the main details:
The hub from cars, trucks and agricultural machinery is often used to make a swivel assembly in homemade taps. The main thing is to calculate the loads acting on it and the fasteners.
The crane turned out to be mobile, and by lowering the boom, it can be moved from place to place, rolling on wheels along compacted soil. Level adjustment is carried out using screw supports.
Metal, gearboxes and rollers were purchased at a recycled metal shop. Only the cable and bearings are new.
The weight of the crane without counterweight is about 250 kg. The cost of the structure, taking into account the purchase of consumables - cutting discs for angle grinders, electrodes for a welding inverter and paint, is 4 thousand rubles.
Crane, + time for turning, + selection of components and fitting of components, I completed it in 3 working days. In the future, after finishing the work, I will completely disassemble it.
Practice shows that when building a private house, a real crane is not always needed. Often, a developer can get by with “little expense” and make a small lift based on an electrically driven hoist.
My design is simpler than the authors above, but it suits me quite well. I bought a hoist with a load capacity of 300 kg without a block and 600 kg with a block. Tests have shown that the device can lift a load weighing 250-270 kg, then the engine protection is triggered. During the construction season, I used it to lift about 40 pallets with building blocks, 6 meter beam for the Mauerlat, rafters, mortar for masonry and concrete for the reinforced belt.
The lift, again to save money, is made from used pipes, angles and channels.
All rust was cleaned off with a grinder, and the pipes were sprayed and then painted with paint with a rust reducer.
In order to be able to assemble the lift on the ceiling of the second floor, all components (where welding is not needed) are made collapsible - with bolted connections.
A hoist is installed on the stand using clamps.
On the control panel, in case of rain, put on plastic bottle with the bottom cut off.
The telpher covers a canopy made of used roofing iron.
When lifting a pallet, two boards are placed under it, and the pallet is lowered onto them.
The entire structure is fixed to the floor with clamps.
Drawing with dimensions of the lift.
As a result, the user has a universal, accessible self-made and a budget “helper” that greatly simplifies the work of building a house.
These are topics that describe in detail how to make a lift for aerated concrete, and provide dozens of options for mini-cranes, from simple to the most complex designs.
Also useful articles: a homemade mini-crane “Pioneer”, features of manual arc welding and the choice of a welding inverter, as well as a homemade mini-tractor with a hydraulic drive.
In the video - how to build a house from aerated concrete without hired workers.
Source of material
The height of modern houses is becoming larger, but the weight of concrete blocks is not decreasing. For this reason, even for domestic purposes, it would be a good idea to make a crane with your own hands. This design, naturally, will not have a large load capacity, approximately 200 kg. Of course, this is probably not the limit, but it’s better not to experiment. This crane is a completely prefabricated structure that weighs from 200 to 300 kg, so self-assembly such a crane will not cause any difficulties. In addition, this crane is very convenient to transport; it fits well in a Chinese pickup truck.
The cargo winch can be made from a worm gear with an electric drive of 600 W, while the boom winch can be made from a manual drive organized using the same gearbox.
You can use construction supports as a basis for outriggers on screw stops. To make drums for winches, you can use rotors from electric motors, and they should be selected according to size.
The mobile platform must be equipped with wheels that were previously on the conveyor trolley. This makes it possible to easily move the crane from one position to another; all that needs to be done is to remove the outriggers.
Removal and installation of these supports will take approximately five minutes. For this reason, the design can be considered quite mobile. However, there is a drawback: to move the crane you need to lower the boom to zero level, otherwise, the crane may overturn due to imbalance.
The do-it-yourself crane has a five-meter boom made from a Ø 7.5 cm pipe and a square profile at the very base, made from a pair of corners. In addition, the crane has a portal to lift the boom, and a rotating mechanism, which is based on a hub from a truck.
As a counterweight, you can use a frame from a non-working machine complete with four caterpillar tracks, or just bricks. The winch does not include a brake, since the need to use it is a big question.
The turning mechanism also does not have a brake, since the crane is not designed to operate at high speeds, and therefore the inertial forces are too small.
The thinnest metal used for this tap is approximately 3 mm. The outrigger and the base are, for the most part, made of a rectangular pipe, with dimensions 85 by 50 and 85 by 55. A 200 channel channel is used to make the base of the tower. The hook cage is equipped with a powerful bearing, which means that the rotation of the hook does not depend on the pulley. At the same time, during rotation, overlapping or twisting of the track is eliminated.
The length of the stop screws is 40 cm. This is the reason that the installation of the crane can be carried out even on extremely uneven surfaces.
Now about the wheels, not everything is so smooth here. It's about about a small flaw. The essence of the problem is that when using a crane with the described wheels on loose soil During movement, the wheels bury themselves in the ground, and if the soil is hard, then there are no problems. The described construction can be considered one-time use, this means that after you have completed necessary work, it should be disassembled for metal or until next time. It is for this reason that this design has little load capacity and is not durable.
A crane of this type can be manufactured in approximately three days, taking into account the fact that all the necessary components are prepared. The production of gearboxes was made from the first items that came to hand. The gearboxes have the following gear ratios: 1 to 30 and 1 to 35.
The connection of a three-phase motor is carried out in single-phase network. It has a shaft output of 600 W and capacitors with a capacity of 80 microfarads. The weight of all installations, if not taking into account counterweights, will be approximately 250 kg, with a relatively low cost. The bulk of the components used are borrowed from other designs; you only have to worry about purchasing cables and bearings.
After you make a crane with your own hands, you can easily lift 150 -200 kg, which is quite impressive considering that it is not intended for industrial scale.
A simpler version of the tap:
Lifting machines are designed to help a person lift something heavy to a height. Most lifting mechanisms are based on a simple block system - a pulley system. It was known to Archimedes, but now many people do not know about this brilliant invention. Remembering your physics course, find out how such a mechanism works, its structure and scope. Having understood the classification, you can begin to calculate. For everything to work out, here are instructions for constructing a simple model.
Block system - theory
The invention of the chain hoist gave a huge impetus to the development of civilizations. The block system helped build huge structures, many of which have survived to this day and puzzle modern builders. Shipbuilding also improved, and people were able to travel great distances. It's time to figure out what it is - a chain hoist and find out where it can be used today.
Simplicity and efficiency of the mechanism Structure of the lifting mechanism
A classic chain hoist is a mechanism that consists of two main elements: a pulley; flexible connection
The simplest scheme: 1 – movable block, 2 – fixed, 3 – rope Pulley is metal wheel, which has a special groove for the cable along the outer edge. An ordinary cable or rope can be used as a flexible connection. If the load is heavy enough, ropes made of synthetic fibers or steel ropes and even chains are used. To ensure that the pulley rotates easily, without jumping or jamming, roller bearings are used. All elements that move are lubricated.
One pulley is called a block. A pulley block is a system of blocks for lifting loads. The blocks in the lifting mechanism can be stationary (rigidly fixed) and movable (when the axis changes position during operation). One part of the pulley is attached to a fixed support, the other to the load. Movable rollers are located on the load side.
Fixed block The role of the stationary block is to change the direction of movement of the rope and the action of the applied force. The role of the mobile is to gain strength.
Movable block How it works - what's the secret?
The operating principle of a pulley block is similar to a lever: the force that needs to be applied becomes several times smaller, while the work is performed in the same volume. The role of the lever is played by the cable. In the operation of a chain hoist, the gain in strength is important, so the resulting loss in distance is not taken into account.
Depending on the design of the pulley, the gain in strength may vary. The simplest mechanism of two pulleys gives approximately a twofold gain, of three - threefold, and so on. The increase in distance is calculated using the same principle. To operate a simple pulley, you need a cable twice as long as the lifting height, and if you use a set of four blocks, then the length of the cable increases in direct proportion to four times.
Operating principle of the block system In what areas is the block system used?
A chain hoist is a faithful assistant in a warehouse, in production, and in the transport sector. It is used wherever force needs to be used to move all kinds of loads. The system is widely used in construction.
Despite the fact that most of the heavy work is performed by construction equipment (cranes), the chain hoist has found a place in the design of load-handling mechanisms. The block system (pulley block) is a component of such lifting mechanisms as a winch, hoist, and construction equipment (various types of cranes, bulldozer, excavator).
In addition to the construction industry, pulley hoists received wide application in organizing rescue operations. The principle of operation remains the same, but the design is slightly modified. Rescue equipment is made of durable rope and carabiners are used. For devices of this purpose, it is important that the entire system is quickly assembled and does not require additional mechanisms.
Pulley hoist as part of a crane hook Classification of models according to different characteristics
There are many executions of one idea - a system of blocks connected by rope. They are differentiated depending on the method of application and design features. Get to know the different types of lifts, find out what their purpose is and how the device differs.
Classification depending on the complexity of the mechanism
Depending on the complexity of the mechanism, simple ones are distinguished; complex; complex chain hoists.
Example of even models A simple chain hoist is a system of series-connected rollers. All movable and fixed blocks, as well as the load itself, are combined by one cable. Even and odd simple pulleys are differentiated.
Even lifting mechanisms are those whose end of the cable is attached to a fixed support - a station. All combinations in this case will be considered even. And if the end of the rope is attached directly to the load or the place where the force is applied, this structure and all its derivatives will be called odd.
Odd chain hoist diagram A complex pulley system can be called a pulley system. In this case, not individual blocks are connected in series, but entire combinations that can be used on their own. Roughly speaking, in this case one mechanism sets in motion another similar one.
Combining a two-fold and six-fold simple chain hoist gives a complex six-fold version The complex chain hoist does not belong to one or the other type. His distinguishing feature– rollers moving towards the load. The complex model can include both simple and complex chain hoists.
Classification according to the purpose of the lift
Depending on what they want to get when using a chain hoist, they are divided into:
Power;
Express.
A – power version, B – high-speed The power option is used more often. As the name suggests, its task is to ensure a gain in strength. Since significant gains require equally significant losses in distance, losses in speed are also inevitable. For example, for a 4:1 system, when lifting a load one meter, you need to pull 4 meters of cable, which slows down the work.
The high-speed chain hoist, by its principle, is a reverse power design. It does not give a gain in strength, its goal is speed. Used to speed up work at the expense of the applied effort.
Multiplicity is the main characteristic.
The main indicator that people pay attention to when organizing cargo lifting is the multiplicity of the pulley. This parameter conventionally indicates how many times the mechanism allows you to win in strength. In fact, the multiplicity shows how many branches of the rope the weight of the load is distributed over.
Kinematic ratio The multiplicity is divided into kinematic (equal to the number of kinks in the rope) and force, which is calculated taking into account the cable’s overcoming the friction force and the non-ideal efficiency of the rollers. The reference books contain tables that display the dependence of the power factor on the kinematic factor at different block efficiencies.
As can be seen from the table, the force multiplicity differs significantly from the kinematic one. With a low roller efficiency (94%), the actual gain in strength of a 7:1 pulley will be less than the gain of a six-fold pulley with a block efficiency of 96%.
Schemes of pulleys of different multiplicities How to make calculations for a chain hoist
Despite the fact that theoretically the design of a pulley hoist is extremely simple, in practice it is not always clear how to lift a load using blocks. How to understand what multiplicity is needed, how to find out the efficiency of the lift and each block separately. In order to find answers to these questions, you need to perform calculations.
Calculation of a separate block
The calculation of the chain hoist must be performed due to the fact that the working conditions are far from ideal. The mechanism is subject to frictional forces as a result of the movement of the cable along the pulley, as a result of the rotation of the roller itself, no matter what bearings are used.
In addition, flexible and pliable rope is rarely used on a construction site or as part of construction equipment. Steel rope or chain has much greater rigidity. Since bending such a cable when running against a block requires additional force, it must also be taken into account.
For the calculation, the moment equation for the pulley relative to the axis is derived:
SrunR = SrunR + q SrunR + Nfr (1)
Formula 1 shows the moments of such forces:
– Srun – force from the side of the escape rope;
– Srun – force from the oncoming rope;
– q Srun – force for bending/unbending the rope, taking into account its rigidity q;
– Nf – friction force in the block, taking into account the friction coefficient f.
To determine the moment, all forces are multiplied by the arm - the radius of the block R or the radius of the sleeve r.
The force of the approaching and escaping cable arises as a result of the interaction and friction of the rope threads. Since the force for bending/extension of the cable is significantly less than the others, when calculating the effect on the block axis, this value is often neglected:
N = 2 Srun×sinα (2)
In this equation:
– N – impact on the pulley axis;
– Srun – force from the oncoming rope (taken to be approximately equal to Srun;
– α – angle of deviation from the axis.
Pull block block Calculation of the useful action of the block
As you know, efficiency is the efficiency factor, that is, how effective the work performed was. It is calculated as the ratio of work completed and work expended. In the case of a pulley block, the formula is applied:
ηb = Srun/ Srun = 1/(1 + q + 2fsinα×d/D) (3)
In the equation:
– 3 ηb – block efficiency;
– d and D – respectively, the diameter of the bushing and the pulley itself;
– q – rigidity coefficient of flexible connection (rope); f – friction coefficient;
– α – angle of deviation from the axis.
From this formula it can be seen that the efficiency is affected by the structure of the block (through the f coefficient), its size (through the d/D ratio) and the rope material (q coefficient). The maximum efficiency value can be achieved using bronze bushings and rolling bearings (up to 98%). Sliding bearings will provide up to 96% efficiency.
The diagram shows all the forces S on different branches of the rope The lifting mechanism consists of several blocks. The total efficiency of a pulley block is not equal to the arithmetic sum of all individual components. For calculations they use much more complex formula, or rather, a system of equations where all forces are expressed through the value of the primary S0 and the efficiency of the mechanism:
– S1=ηп S0;
– S2=(ηп)2 S0; (- 4)
S3=(ηп)3 S0; ….
– Sn=(ηп)n S0.
Efficiency of a chain hoist at different magnificationsSince the efficiency value is always less than 1, with each new block and equation in the system, the value of Sn will rapidly decrease. The total efficiency of the pulley will depend not only on ηb, but also on the number of these blocks - the multiplicity of the system. Using the table, you can find ηp for systems with different numbers of blocks at different efficiency values of each.
How to make a lift with your own hands
In construction, during installation work, it is not always possible to fit a crane. Then the question arises of how to lift the load with a rope. And here a simple chain hoist finds its application. For its production and full-fledged work you need to make calculations, drawings, choose the right rope and blocks.
Different schemes of simple and complex lifts Preparation of the base - diagram and drawing
Before you start building a chain hoist with your own hands, you need to carefully study the drawings and choose a suitable scheme for yourself. You should rely on how it will be more convenient for you to place the structure, what blocks and cable are available.
It happens that the load-carrying capacity of the pulley blocks is not enough, and constructing a complex multiple lifting mechanism there is no time and opportunity. Then double chain hoists are used, which are a combination of two single ones. This device can also lift the load so that it moves strictly vertically, without distortions.
Drawings of a dual model in different variations How to choose a rope and block
The most important role in building a chain hoist with your own hands is played by the rope. It is important that it does not stretch. Such ropes are called static. Stretching and deformation of a flexible connection causes serious losses in work efficiency. For a homemade mechanism, a synthetic cable is suitable; the thickness depends on the weight of the load.
The material and quality of the blocks are indicators that will provide homemade lifting devices design load capacity. Depending on the bearings that are installed in the block, its efficiency changes and this is already taken into account in the calculations.
But how can you lift a load to a height with your own hands and not drop it? To protect the load from possible reverse movement, you can install a special locking block that allows the rope to move only in one direction - the desired direction.
Roller along which the rope moves Step-by-step instruction for lifting loads through a block
When the rope and blocks are ready, the diagram has been selected, and the calculations have been made, you can begin assembly. For a simple double pulley you will need:
– roller – 2 pcs.;
– bearings;
– bushing – 2 pcs.;
– clip for the block – 2 pcs.;
- rope; hook for hanging cargo;
– slings – if they are needed for installation.
Carabiners are used for quick connection Step-by-step lifting of the load to a height is carried out as follows:
1. Connect the rollers, bushing and bearings. They combine all this into a clip. Get a block.
2. The rope is launched into the first block;
3. The holder with this block is rigidly attached to a fixed support ( reinforced concrete beam, pillar, wall, specially mounted outrigger, etc.);
4. Then the end of the rope is passed through the second block (movable).
5. A hook is attached to the clip.
6. The free end of the rope is fixed.
7. Sling the load being lifted and connect it to the pulley.
The homemade lifting mechanism is ready to use and will provide double the strength benefits. Now, to raise the load to a height, just pull the end of the rope. By bending around both rollers, the rope will lift the load without much effort.
Is it possible to combine a chain hoist and a winch?
If to homemade mechanism, which you will build according to these instructions, attach electric winch, you will get a real do-it-yourself crane. Now you don’t have to strain at all to lift the load; the winch will do everything for you.
Even a manual winch will make lifting the load more comfortable - you don’t need to rub your hands on the rope and worry about the rope slipping out of your hands. In any case, turning the winch handle is much easier.
Pulley hoist for winch In principle, even outside a construction site, the ability to build a basic pulley system for a winch in field conditions with a minimum of tools and materials is a very useful skill. It will be especially appreciated by motorists who are lucky enough to get their car stuck somewhere in an impassable place. Made on a quick fix the pulley will significantly increase the performance of the winch.
Overestimate the importance of the chain hoist in development modern construction and mechanical engineering is difficult. Everyone should understand the principle of operation and visually imagine its design. Now you are not afraid of situations when you need to lift a load, but there is no special equipment. A few pulleys, a rope and ingenuity will allow you to do this without using a crane.
