The Abyssinian pipe well is the best option source of water intake for the cottage/garden. This option is unsuitable for an autonomous water supply system for a cottage, since it does not meet the daily needs of family members. Before driving a tube for a well on a site, it is necessary to study the design and find a water layer. Important restrictions for Abyssinian well are:
Figure 1. The Abyssinian tube well is budget option for drilling a well at the dacha.
For the needs of gardeners/summer residents, plugging a well is a reasonable solution that ensures a minimum plumbing budget. You will not have to pay for water, since the subsoil is not used; the regulatory authorities will in any case allow the use of the source for domestic needs (Fig. 1).
Before sinking an Abyssinian type well, it is necessary to find water on the site, place the well in accordance with SNiP, SanPiN standards, ensuring the maximum resource of the source. The main requirements are the distances from the well to significant objects:
To reduce the construction budget they are more often used traditional methods determination of groundwater. The vegetation within the site is being examined; some plants show the water carrier with 70% accuracy. The branches of the vine begin to twist and shift in the hands of the researcher in the place where the underground sand lens is present.
The best option is to order a vertical electrical sounding service. This technology operates with ground-based instruments, special software, and does not require the production of control wells. Based on the results, an electrogeological section is compiled, not only the presence of a source is determined, but also the salt content in it.
The advantages of the Abyssinian well are:
Figure 2. The Abyssinian well does not take up much space, so to save space, you can lay other sources nearby.
For the convenience of workers, the pipes are expanded after some deepening into the well, which allows them to be added as needed. The lack of access roads, electricity, and difficult terrain are not obstacles to this technology. After the pipes have exhausted their service life, they can be cut below the fertile layer, plugged without removing them to the surface, and another source can be mounted next to the first one (Fig. 2).
There is a way to deepen a pipe into a well being manufactured without using a sledgehammer, a piledriver, or damaging the threads in its upper part. The technology looks like this:
Figure 3. Manufacturing technology of the Abyssinian well.
To make a well, two workers are enough, who need to periodically lift the headstock by the cable and release it at the top point. The headstock hits the lower clamp, the force is transferred to the pipes, which gradually sink into the soil. As they go deeper, the clamps rise higher and new pipes are screwed in (Fig. 3)
Figure 4. Spearhead design.
The technology is only suitable for loose, plastic soils; it is impossible to drive a spear-shaped tip into a large boulder or rock using this method. Unlike the drilling method, the casing is also a working tool, so the structure consists of several related units:
To ensure normal well flow, the filter is buried 1-0.7 m below the static level of the water intake source.
The spear-shaped tip has a minimal area and slides off small stones or destroys them. This option is preferable to the usual flattening or cutting of the pipe under acute angle. In addition, the casing does not become clogged with soil and remains clean throughout its entire length (Fig. 4)
The lifespan of the water intake source is 15-30 years when reaching the sand lens, 5-10 years when taking liquid from the “upper water”. Therefore, for long-term operation you will have to plug the pipes several times.
In addition, the upper aquifer is too capricious, the level drops in abnormally hot years, several users from the same aquifer drain the source faster than when used by a single family. It may contain wastewater from industrial enterprises and liquid used by oil workers to maintain reservoir pressure.
Therefore, before using water for food, it is necessary laboratory analysis. He will help you choose necessary equipment for water treatment system. Having made a sand well with your own hands, it is recommended to use pump equipment regularly. During periodic, seasonal operation, the flow rate decreases annually, and the filter at the bottom of the well becomes silted.
The Abyssinian well has a small diameter, so submersible pumps do not fit into it. Pressure of surface modifications pumping stations limited to 8-12 m. Therefore, driving the needle to a greater depth does not make sense.
The design is easily integrated into landscape design site, in 90% of cases, a wellhead water supply system is used for the Abyssinian well. Inserting a pipeline at a level below the freezing level with the production of an underground pipeline for entry into the house in this case is not economically profitable. The caisson for the Abyssinian well is not used for the same reason.
A suburban area without water is a small desert. Neither to plant a flowerbed, nor to equip a swimming pool, nor to other common and simply necessary benefits of civilization associated with water supply. There can be only one way out in such a situation - a well at the dacha with your own hands or to order. It all depends on whether you have money and the desire to work. If you have enough energy and enthusiasm, then such a troublesome task as installing a well in your country house will be up to you. Let's look at what kind of wells there can be and what is their difference.
This is a driving well or a needle well that you can drill yourself. It is suitable for areas in which the aquifer lies at a depth of 3-12 m. It is important that there are no settling tanks, cesspools, septic tanks, landfills and other pollutants nearby (within a radius of 30 m from the well). environment sources.
For such a well you will need pipes, a plug filter, a tap, a headstock with a headstock, and a clamp. They drill a well both in the yard and in the basement of the house itself. Then you can use water even in winter. And if you install both a pump and a manual dispenser at the outlet, you can provide yourself with water even when there is no electricity.
Such a well is drilled to extract water from a sandy aquifer, which is usually located at a depth of up to 50 m. The volume of produced water is enough for one area. But the water quality needs to be checked periodically.
The above rule about the need to keep the well remote from sources of groundwater pollution is also relevant. The coarse water filter, located at the very bottom of the well, must be cleaned regularly. The service life of such a well is 10-15 years.
In areas where there is a limestone layer, it is possible to extract water from it. You can find out about the presence of such a formation either from your neighbors (are there artesian wells in the area?), or by ordering an experimental well from specialists. It will not be possible to drill such a well on your own, because the depth of the aquiferous limestone formation is 30-200 m. Ordering the relevant work from specialists is quite expensive. But by providing a similar water supply on your site, you can be sure that both your children and grandchildren will not have problems with water. To pump water from such a well, you will need a metal caisson tank in which a pump and a hydraulic accumulator are installed. Underground pipes can carry water into the house. Saving money will become possible if funds are collected from several dacha plots for drilling wells in a dacha. Then running water at your dacha from a well will become not a dream, but a reality.
To provide water to a site, you need to decide what volumes of water (debit) you are interested in. If it is about 10 cubic meters. per hour, then you can’t do without an artesian well. If it is 1-1.5 cubic meters. per hour, then you can stop at Abyssinian well and a sand well. Moreover, you can drill them yourself. We will talk further about how to make a well in a country house.
Choose a place for the well that is not too far from the house - no more than 3 m. Then it will be easier to lay a water supply system. If there were already sand wells on the site, then a new one needs to be drilled away from the old ones.
To drill a well with your own hands you will need:
In the place intended for the well, a hole is dug, the so-called pit, the size of which is 1.5 x 1.5 m. To prevent the walls from crumbling, they are lined with boards or plywood. Install the drilling derrick (tripod). You can use a ready-made one, or you can make it yourself from three logs with a diameter of up to 15-20 cm. A winch is attached to the place where the logs are attached. A drilling column can consist of three, four or more meter rods, threaded (coupling) into one pipe and equipped with clamps for lowering and lifting. If the well is planned to be shallow, then you can get by with one and a half meter rods without using a tripod. The diameter of the core pipe depends on the diameter of the future pump. The gap between them must be at least 5 mm. The most suitable pipes are with a diameter of 114 - 219 mm.
The process of rotary-percussion well drilling
Wells are drilled using the rotary-impact method. In order to drill a well, the efforts of two people are needed, who will turn the rod. One person turns the rod with a pipe (gas) wrench, and the second person hits the rod itself with a hammer, breaking through the rock. Even more effective method: two people rotate the rod, and two people use a winch to lift and lower it in the hole, punching through the rock.
You need to put marks on the rod itself. After all, after 50-60 cm, the drill needs to be pulled out and cleared of soil. Drilling is a process that depends entirely on the rocks s . Therefore, when drilling wells, it is necessary to use different types Boers. The presence of moisture in the rock removed from the well will indicate that a water-containing formation has been reached. When the appropriate water level is reached, the well is cleaned with a bailer and a flushing pump from sand and solids.
Diagram of the caisson arrangement and connection of the well to autonomous system water supply
To equip a well you will need:
The well is equipped with a filter column, consisting of a filter and a casing pipe. The filter is made from a casing pipe by wrapping the perforation with a filter mesh. Water is pumped through the casing and the filter is washed.
The pump is selected in advance. After all, its dimensions must correspond to the diameter of the casing pipe. Also, when choosing a pump, it is important to take into account the flow rate of the well, the depth of the water, and the load on the pump, which depends on the depth of the well itself and its distance from the house. If the well depth is more than 9 m, then use borehole pump, if less, then it is surface self-priming.
Construction of a caisson - a container used for installing equipment and servicing a water-bearing well
Submersible pump lowered into the well secured to a safety rope or pipe. A cable, which must be waterproof, and a water riser pipe (or hose) are attached to the pump. The diameter of such a pipe can be 25, 40, 50 mm, depending on the flow rate of the well. The pipe is brought out to the wellhead and hermetically welded to the caisson head. The water supply is regulated by a valve that is installed on the pipe. The sides of the caisson are covered with earth. You can now get to the well only through a manhole cover on the surface of the earth. Water is carried from the caisson through a trench into the house .
Long-term operation of a well eventually leads to its clogging. How do we know about this? From the tap! The water flow decreases, the water comes out with air, in jerks, impurities, silt, and sand are present in the water. If such a well is not “treated” in time, you will have to dig a new one. How are wells cleaned? There are several of them.
By using air compressor. A vacuum plug is created on the well pipe. A compressor is connected to it and the well is blown through at high pressure. This method is good for removing sludge. If, in addition to silt, there are iron and lime deposits, then blowing will be ineffective.
Using a water compressor. The well is washed under high water pressure. It is only effective against silt and sand.
The method of explosion through a short circuit can be called revolutionary. To do this, the electrical cord is separated (2), threaded through the plug (5), the wires are exposed, they are pulled apart and connected with a thin copper thread (2). This device is inserted into a medicine bottle (4), filled with black powder (3) and sealed with a stopper. This device is lowered to the bottom of the well (1), attaching a weight. You can use a piece of lead or steel pipe. Next fork (8)from the power cord, connect to a 220 W network and immediately turn it off. There will be an explosion in the well. It is safer to carry out similar experiments with a half-filled vial twice in a row. If the water comes out, then you can stop, but if not, then use a full bottle.
With acid. After the well is purged with a compressor, acid is poured into it. The method is very dangerous, so a person needs to protect his face and eyes as much as possible, and wear a respirator. Since you can’t find acid during the day today, people have gotten used to using acid for batteries. After pouring acid into the well, plug it for a couple of days. After a while, again armed with protective equipment, the plug is removed. By connecting the pump, pump water for 7 hours. After such a procedure, you can drink it only after a month, and if earlier, then only after additional filtration.
As you can see, there are a lot of disadvantages in cleaning wells yourself. Therefore, in order to preserve the well and clean it as much as possible, they resort to the services of professionals. Otherwise, you can cause harm instead of benefit and, due to inexperience, destroy the pipes. “The miser pays twice,” says popular wisdom. Therefore, it is better to pay specialists to clean and repair wells once every 10 years than to dig a new one later.
There is no need to convince anyone that running water in a dacha is necessary. This is already obvious. Therefore, we will immediately dwell in more detail on how to make a water supply system in a dacha with our own hands, taking into account its operation in different time of the year.
First of all, you need to choose a water source. The cheapest and in a simple way Providing the dacha with fresh water is the construction of a well. He may have different depths. It all depends on the depth of groundwater. Basically, it does not exceed fifteen meters, and therefore the construction of a well costs minimal costs. However, such a structure provides small volumes of water (up to 200 liters per hour), and it also contains various impurities (nitrates, heavy metals, bacteria).
A more acceptable option is to build a sand well, the depth of which, depending on the aquifer, can be from 15 to 30 meters.
Such a structure per hour can produce approximately 1.5 cubic meters water, which is enough for a small house.
Drilling a sand well is carried out using the auger method - the rock is extracted to the surface. This usually takes from 3 to 5 days. However, the sandy aquifer contains a lot of clay and sand, and therefore filtration equipment will be needed in this case.
An independent water supply system will allow you to forget about the main inconvenience country life– about the absence or lack of water. But it is quite simple to install a water supply system at a dacha from a well, especially since a water intake for one plot of land does not need to have a large flow rate. After all, I would like to receive water for own plot, Truth?
After reviewing the information presented for consideration, you will be able to make an autonomous water supply yourself. It will reliably supply water to places convenient for use. Those wishing to level up dacha comfort With our help, they will cope with the arrangement of the system without any problems.
We described in detail the equipment required for assembly and installation, analyzed the operating principle and purpose of each device. The article we presented describes in detail the technology of carrying out work with step-by-step detailing. Valuable information and recommendations are supplemented with photo collections, diagrams and video reviews.
The well is a working round section, drilled without human access to the bottom. The diameter of such a mine is always much smaller than its depth. Two types of wells are used for water intake.
The depth of such workings does not exceed 35 m. Filter for a nearby aquifer, which is located in sandy soils.
Such a well is casing, assembled from pipes with a diameter of 127 to 133 mm. It is usually equipped with a wire mesh filter, but there may be other options. Filter wells have a small flow rate, most often it does not exceed one cubic meter of water per hour.
The design of a well for sand is much simpler than the construction of a well for limestone. The depth of the sand excavation is less, it costs less, but does not last as long as a well on limestone (click to enlarge the picture)
The advantage of such structures is the speed and relative cheapness of their drilling. Specialists will complete the job in just a day or two. The main disadvantage is the tendency to silt.
Therefore, it is very important to use such a well regularly, the service life of the structure depends on it. Depending on the thickness of the aquifer and the intensity of use of the well, it can last up to 15 years, in some cases longer.
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A standpipe is especially needed for use in populated areas, where there is a shortage of water coming from centralized water supply.
It is impossible to say that the device works perfectly, but it performs its functions perfectly, at least in warm time of the year.
The design of the water column is simple. It is installed in a well or on the ground and consists of:
Despite the obvious need for use when the water supply is poor, this equipment also has disadvantages:
The main functions assigned to the column: water intake and supply. Therefore, it is better to choose high-quality equipment for installing the column; moreover, this will increase the chances of maintaining the integrity of the gasket for collecting exclusively purified water from the water supply.
Water taps are used not only in populated areas, but also on construction sites and in suburban industrial establishments.
In order for the installation of the water dispenser to be correct and the device to work for a long time, the following requirements must be met:
In general, standpipes are used when wide ranges temperatures: from -40 degrees to +40 degrees.
Installation of the column must be carried out in the following sequence, as stated:
We considered the option of installing a water standpipe in a well. The device can be equipped with additional functional elements, allowing to expand the capabilities of management and measurement of indicators.
Also, in order to protect the column from freezing, winter period can be insulated with any thermal insulation materials, covering the walls of the well with them.
This will be more reliable and stable. In the case of installation in the ground, this is not recommended, since it will not be possible to disassemble the heating material in the summer.
It is better to carry out installation at a depth of at least 75 centimeters and no more than 4 meters. What determines the installation depth?
From where the pipes are installed. The greater the installation depth, the greater the chance that the device will not freeze in winter.
The length of the pipe connecting the upper and underground parts can be different - it depends on the location of the device and, accordingly, the depth of the pipes.
This will allow the installation to be tightly fixed and not washed out with melt and rain water.
The installation schemes for a column in a well and in the ground are almost identical, but in the case of installation in a well, it is necessary to create two concrete pads, while one is suitable for a ground column.
