The bathhouse is the main component of Russian culture. Bath procedures served hygienic purposes. Various diseases were treated in the steam room. To this day, hot steam helps to cope with various ailments and brings balance nervous system, restores strength. Long frosty winters taught our ancestors to keep warm indoors: high thresholds, small windows, low doors.
Bathhouses were built outside the yard, preferably on the shore of a reservoir, so that a steamed person could plunge into the water, because there was no running water in those days. They washed on certain days, sometimes the whole street used one bathhouse. Today, knowing the benefits of this procedure, many are building personal baths on a personal plot or setting up a sauna in a city apartment. Your own bathhouse has become a symbol healthy image life, this type of construction has become almost mandatory on the site.
A traditional village bathhouse consists of three rooms:
They are usually arranged in the same order. First, the visitor enters the dressing room - dry warm room for changing clothes and relaxing between bath procedures. Then he enters the washing compartment, from where, after rinsing and getting used to the elevated temperature, he moves to the steam room.
The steam room is the main compartment of the bathhouse, for which it is being built. The temperature here reaches 60-70 degrees, with high humidity up to 90 percent, this heat penetrates into the deep layers of muscles, relaxes and warms up all organs. Using a broom made of birch, oak, or juniper acts as a massage. After the steam room, a rinsing or dousing procedure is necessary. cold water, then rest. The design features of the bathhouse provide for the comfortable implementation of all the listed procedures.
Modern baths are not located outside the boundaries of a private plot; small comfortable log cabins or two-story brick structures are erected in the yard for frequent and convenient use. The set of premises includes an open terrace or second floor balcony. Here you can lie in the fresh air or drink a cup of tea after a steam bath. The wash room is equipped with a regular or massage shower. For those who like to soak in the bathroom, the necessary equipment is installed.
The dressing room receives additional area, furnished with a sofa, armchairs, table with a samovar. This room is often used for temporary accommodation of guests, so the design of the rest room is given great importance: it is equipped with devices for a comfortable pastime - a TV, a refrigerator. The owners create many decorative and household items for their own bathhouse with their own hands. Inside or outside, the walls are lovingly decorated with hunting trophies or carved decorations.
In addition to the traditional Russian steam room with wet steam, a sauna with dry hot air is popular among many northern peoples. Manufacturers produce a whole line of equipment for country or apartment saunas. Saunas can have a large area, or can fit into the size of a shower stall. Heating units of various modifications effectively create desired temperature and air humidity in rooms of any size.
The bathhouse complex can be arranged in the attic. To do this, take measures to insulate the roof and install a comfortable staircase with railings. This detail is necessary, since the effect of hot temperatures on a person causes a loss of attention and concentration; the steps should be as comfortable and non-slip as possible. If the bathhouse has sloped ceilings, then shelves for storing bath accessories and woodpiles are installed in the low parts so that unused blind areas do not form in the low parts of the room. To avoid bruises, the active zone for steaming and washing is located in the highest part; its height should not be less than 2.3 meters.
Sauna stoves come in various modifications. Solid fuel units have proven themselves well: firewood, pellets, coal. Latest ergonomic models long burning with a water circuit allow you to heat adjacent rooms and another floor. Temperature maintained throughout the entire combustion period. If the bathhouse is connected to the main gas pipeline, cheap gas is used to operate the stove. Electric analogues are less convenient due to the high cost of electricity. When choosing the volume of the firebox, you need to calculate the volume of the steam room and adjacent rooms and select a stove of the required power.
Compliance with fire safety regulations is important. Continuous use of the firebox for many hours can cause ignition of surrounding structures. All heated parts of the stove and chimney must be reliably insulated from wooden parts. The chimney at the junction with the ceiling and roof is made of “sandwich” pipes and is additionally protected with a layer of expanded clay. According to the requirements for safe operation, the height of the chimney is taken to be no lower than 50 centimeters above the level of the roof ridge.
The walls around the stove are finished with plasterboard, porcelain tiles, mineralite, stainless steel with a layer of mineral wool or brick and natural stone. Superizol can withstand heating up to 1000 degrees, is lightweight and non-flammable - new insulating material for high temperature furnace units. The height of the insulating layer should be 15-20 centimeters higher than the level of the stove and the same amount wider. When finishing interior walls and steam room structures, non-flammable and environmentally friendly materials are used that do not emit harmful substances when heated. They try to keep the design consistent uniform style.
A microclimate with high temperature and high humidity dictates the use of natural materials. A bathhouse built from solid linden, aspen, and cedar logs does not require additional wall cladding. When heated, these materials lighten the air by releasing healing oils. This material has plasticity when changing temperature and humidity conditions, and is durable. Beautiful weaves of wood fibers create a pleasant video sequence.
The steam room, lined with brick or artificial stone blocks, is lined with clapboard from the inside from the same wood species. It is undesirable to use pine because high temperature indoors, it can release resin, which creates unaesthetic streaks on the surface. Pine is not resistant to moisture and is greatly deformed by dampness. Although it is affordable and inexpensive material with good decorative qualities, they can be used to decorate the rest room and entrance area.
The lining has various cutting profiles, rectangular or cylindrical, which imitates a log house. For cladding, you can use a sanded edged board. It is better to take a thickness of 2-4 centimeters. This will allow the wood to resist deformation longer and retain heat well. The cladding made from unedged boards looks original. This gives a rustic touch to the interior.
The interior looks beautiful, completely decorated both on the walls and on the ceiling with the same material of the same type of wood. It is better to choose light wood tones. A small steam room will look more spacious. Processed wood paneling oil or wax in natural tones. Varnish or paint is not used in the steam room.
In a brick or block building, the wall is sheathed with lath and insulated with a vapor barrier material. Then another slatted frame is made, onto which the front trim is applied. The ceiling is finished in the same way. The floor in the steam room is also covered with wood edged board. Between cement screed and a layer of waterproofing is laid on the finished floor.
For the stove body, the best choice would be refractory brick; it gives a beautiful, slender pattern and has good performance qualities. Gives the interior warmth and comfort. Heated brick retains heat for a long time and helps maintain optimal temperature in the room for a long time. Cast iron or steel models are convenient to use and easy to install. Boxes are specially designed for natural stone: basalt, jadeite, quartzite. These stones heat up quickly, do not crack due to high temperatures, and do not contain harmful emissions.
The washing compartment is traditionally tiled. For the floor, use porcelain stoneware or tongue and groove boards. The main requirement is a non-slip surface. The ceiling is covered with the same clapboard as in the steam room. In some cases, plastic ceiling panels are installed to match the color of the tiles or lining.
Doors in bathhouses are made of solid construction, with good thermal insulation properties. Natural wood has these qualities. The door leaf is decorated with carved panels or glass inserts for visual expansion space. Modern designs doors can be made entirely of special glass. These models are equipped with insulating gaskets.
Huge selection of finishing material options and modern equipment for a bath allows you to create stylish modern interiors. A sauna in an apartment in a multi-storey building becomes a valuable component of comfort. Manufacturers offer a complete turnkey set of different sizes and modifications of the steam room. Externally, these steam rooms look like ordinary room, but the interior decoration with a block house or clapboard immerses you in the atmosphere of a real steam room.
Square home sauna ranges from traditional sizes to miniature, the size of a shower stall. But all the details of the traditional steam room are made on high level. The shelves have standard sizes, convenient configuration to accommodate two or more people. The shelf of the upper tier is made wider and installed at a height of no higher than 1.5 meters from the ceiling. The door design involves a glass component. Glass does not enclose a small space, but serves as a unifying element for loft-style interiors.
The sauna is installed in the bathroom, or is allocated for it special room. In studio apartments, saunas included in the interior of the room have become fashionable. Fully glass partitions create the illusion of a single space. Colorful LED lighting gives a feeling of peace and relaxation. A functional shower completes the full cycle of the bath procedure. Smooth surfaces, lack of details, monochrome composition of minimalism provide an opportunity to relax in the fast pace of modern life.
Older generations remember the times when baths were built on the banks of a reservoir. Today it is not always appropriate to dive into a pond after a steam room, or not everyone is lucky enough to have one on their property. Owners of their own baths can equip them with swimming pools. The pool can be located outdoors next to the entrance to the bathhouse. Another option involves building a swimming pool in the wash room.
The pool occupies the central part of the shower room. Beautifully designed sides and floor around the pool will create additional decorative effect. The unusual shape will also become a design element. It is better to lay the bottom and walls with blue or colored tiles so that the color of the water has a pleasant color. The small steam room is separated by a glass partition for aesthetic purposes.
The interior of a bathhouse with an outdoor pool can be decorated in a fashionable single space. A swimming pool is a way of dividing into a steam room area and a relaxation area, while simultaneously separating an enclosed steam room and an open-air gazebo. Combined terrace designs create a barrier from prying eyes. The original glazing of the roof will allow you to admire starry sky during bath procedures.
A two-story bathhouse expands the possibilities for arranging additional rooms. Such a structure can combine both the functions of a bathhouse and the functions of a living space. The first floor is reserved for the steam room, wash room, locker room and kitchen. The second one is used for rest rooms, a living room or bedroom, rooms for massage or a gym complex.
Decorating a steam room in Turkish style can be an elegant interior solution. A traditional oriental bathhouse - hammam - is heated by a stone bed located in the center of the room. The hammam is often complemented by a stylized waterfall on one of the walls, in which you can rinse off after hot treatments. The air in a Turkish bath is not scalding, but has a comfortable temperature. This design heating device is perfect for spa treatments and massages. The room is decorated with mosaics or tiles with oriental patterns. Neon lighting and hamam benches combine Eastern and European cultures.
Adherents of Japanese philosophy will certainly enjoy decorating a bathhouse in a Japanese style. To do this, it is enough to equip the washing compartment with a round wooden font. This furaco font is divided into two parts: in one there is a bench for sitting, in the other there is a heating element. An excellent relaxation procedure takes place outdoors in the fresh air. Another option is ofuro - human-sized rectangular containers with heated cedar or linden sawdust. Immersion in them for 20-30 minutes cleanses the body of toxins. This beautiful equipment can be placed in a city apartment.
The traditional dressing room has turned from an ordinary locker room into a full-fledged living room or relaxation room. This room is finished in the appropriate style, furnished with sets of wooden furniture that match the style of the entire complex. The fireplace stove is often brought into this front room; here people communicate with friends or family members gather for tea on the veranda. Unexpected guests can spend the night in the recreation room; for this purpose, there are one or two beds. It is better to choose furniture stylized according to the Russian style.
Classic Russian bathhouse - an unsurpassed and favorite finishing option bath room in the village. Living fire, the crackling of burning logs, heat and moist steam are the best cleansing procedure for residents of the cold regions of our country. The steam room is often combined with a wash room into one room. In summer, swimming in an ice hole is replaced by a wooden bucket of cold water, which is suspended from the ceiling. Interior decorated with fairy-tale characters from Russian epics.
Finishing with unedged boards is the best choice for such a bath. Comic statements on the topic of bath procedures are carved into panels that decorate the walls. Carved wooden furniture and small windows with platbands in a log house are decorated with flowered curtains. Rural charm does not prevent you from equipping such a bathhouse with modern stove equipment.
A stone stove is an indispensable attribute of a Russian bath. It can be faced with tiles, which will add noble antiquity. You can make such a bathhouse with your own hands. The main condition: good insulation to retain heat. The height of the room is visually reduced by lowering the window openings. The logs and decoration are made deliberately rough to preserve the Russian style.
Creating a competent and cozy interior of a bathhouse is no less important step than its construction. There is an opinion that design is a secondary phenomenon that does not require special skills and abilities, but in reality, arranging the internal functionality of a bathhouse is complex and labor-intensive process. In order for all parts of the room to fulfill their purpose and fully satisfy the requirements of the owners and guests, it is necessary to think through many nuances, including equipment, furniture, numerous auxiliary elements, as well as their location relative to each other.
A bathhouse is not a place where you should realize your creative potential in the decoration. The main value of the building is that it represents the quintessence of Russian traditions and classical ideas about recreation. This leaves an imprint on the design of the bathhouse.
Extremely important point for any room - lighting. As optimal option For a bathhouse, lamps that produce soft yellow light are recommended. Bright lamps are not suitable for the reason that harsh light causes tension and does not promote relaxation. Today, anti-fog lamps in pastel colors are used for furnishing premises.
Basic requirements for lamps: moisture resistance, heat resistance, compliance with the microclimate. When using incandescent lamps, the maximum power rating should not exceed 75 watts.
As for the location of the lamps, there are no strict requirements: they can be installed both on the walls and on the ceiling. However, the latter option seems more dangerous, since hot air accumulates at the top.
Lighting for the bathhouse (hallway)
To create a proper and comfortable bathhouse interior, different types of wood are most often used. The popularity of this material is due to many factors., such as:
The wood used to construct a bathhouse can be of different types. Pine is most often used. A significant disadvantage of this option is the release of resin, which occurs when the material is heated. Based on considerations of aesthetics and safety, it is better to use pine for a recreation room, where temperature does not have a significant effect on the wood.
Among the advantages of pine are the pleasant smell and relatively low cost of the material. In addition, the use of linden and larch is common. This is a popular material for wall cladding in a bathhouse, since it has a long service life without loss of functional properties, however, the cost of these types of wood is slightly higher than the cost of pine.
The steam room is considered the main room in the bathhouse. In addition, this is where most of the time is spent, so the interior of the room should be thoughtful and comfortable. As for finishing the room, lining is most often used for this. A little further in the article the technology of finishing a bathhouse with this material will be discussed.
The steam room, despite its importance, is a fairly simple room with a small amount element. The main attraction of the room is the stove. Currently, many options are offered, but it is better to stay with the classic one, made of special refractory bricks.
Typically, a standard stove of the usual rectangular shape is chosen for a bath, and in some cases decorative decorations in the form of inserts made of glass or natural stone are possible. The stove is placed in the far corner of the room, but the remaining elements are located taking into account the fact that access to the heater must be open.
The steam room requires the presence of shelves. Most functional solution will be the placement of multi-stage corner shelves, since they can significantly save space in the room. Under no circumstances should there be any sharp corners, since this, firstly, is unsafe, and secondly, visually greatly reduces the size of the steam room.
When planing the boards yourself, you should give the ends a rounded shape. When securing structures, it is important to make sure that they do not wobble or creak. In addition, the top shelf is usually made the largest, and the shelves of the lower tier are smaller.
It is traditional to use brooms in steam rooms. To ensure that movement is not hampered in any way, it is necessary to consider an acceptable height from the top shelf to the ceiling. Most often it is about one and a half meters. As for the distance between shelves, the standard indicator is a meter.
Another point that requires discussion is doors. For these purposes, solid structures made of wood are most often used, but manufacturers offer a more stylish and modern option - glass doors. They make the room more pleasant from the point of view of being in it, and also safer, because in the event of an unforeseen situation, it is possible to break the structure. It is best if the door opens outward. This will save space.
A standard bathhouse consists of several required rooms: a dressing room, a steam room, a relaxation room, and a shower room. Optional options are available in the form of rooms with billiards, smoking rooms, etc.
In order for the relaxation room to not stand out from the general style of the bathhouse, it is necessary to follow the basic rules for decorating the room. For this purpose, the walls, as in the steam room, are lined with clapboard. It is recommended to pave the floor with tiles. This advice is for several reasons:
The rest room must have big table with a set of comfortable benches or armchairs.
Important: all furniture in the bathhouse must be wooden. High humidity has a destructive effect on any rag furniture.
An obligatory component of the rest room is a shelf for storing aromatic oils, as well as tea, sugar and other ingredients that are used for pleasant leisure time. The windows in the rest room are hidden using cotton or bamboo curtains, which are environmentally friendly and safe.
The rest room most often contains musical equipment (tape recorder or stereo system with speakers), as well as other equipment - TV, computer. These elements are not mandatory for a classic Russian bath, but they allow you to diversify your pastime.
Some bathhouse owners decorate the relaxation room with a fireplace, which serves more of a decorative function than serves its intended purpose. The placement of all the above parts of the room must be carefully thought out so that the furniture does not restrict movement and is as functional as possible.
Covering the surface of the bathhouse walls with wooden clapboard includes several stages.
The first one is preliminary:
The next stage is directly related to the installation of the lining. For this you will need the following materials: lining, fasteners, thermal insulation materials, metal hangers.
Step 1. Before covering, the lining should be left in a bathhouse for two days so that the material “gets used” to the microclimate of the building.
Step 2. After this, you need to install the sheathing. We take the prepared block and cut it into pieces 50 and 100 cm long.
Step 3. You should mark the areas on the wall where the hangers will subsequently be located. They are fixed in a row at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other. The distance between all rows is at least 40 centimeters.
Step 4.
Step 5. Next, you should install the wooden bars for the sheathing, which were prepared earlier, on the installed hangers. It is customary to start the first row of sheathing with a longer bar, and the second with a shorter one. After laying each row, you need to check the placement with a level.
Step 6.
Step 7. You should cut the lining into strips of the required length (based on calculations), and then cut off the tenon from it.
Step 8. You need to attach the plank with a strictly cut into the corner and secure it to the sheathing with a clamp, which is driven into the groove of the lining.
Step 9. You need to take another bar, insert it with a tenon into the groove of the previously installed product and carefully drive it in so that the element falls into place. Clamps are installed at all places of the sheathing. Further plating is carried out by analogy.
Step 10. The final action should be to apply a special layer to the lining, which performs protective functions. Most often, wax and oil compositions are used as the main products.
After the bathhouse is finished with clapboard, you can begin to design unique design using the recommendations given above. Competent and high-quality work will inspire original ideas and ways to implement them.
“To wash yourself in a bathhouse is to be born again,” they said in the old days. However, a good stove, shelves made of fragrant wood and the opportunity to take a dip in cold water are not everything. The interior design of the steam room is of no small importance for comfort. With a little effort and giving free rein to your imagination, you will create a bright and cozy bathhouse interior!
How to decorate a steam room with wood and pebbles
Linden lining is perhaps the most popular material for interior decoration rooms with high temperatures. Pleasant to the body, aromatic, with a healing effect - it could be better, perhaps, lining with embossing that imitates different kinds decorative coverings: snakeskin pattern, bamboo, etc.
The design of the steam room is in eco-style - the walls and ceiling are lined with boards, and benches are included in the “set” for them. Interesting idea for this style of bathhouse - a wall-mounted firewood rack indoors. Firewood for the stove is laid out in the form of panels.
A wall lined with pebbles will also decorate the room. It can also be used to finish the floor in a washing room. And if you don’t skimp, you can decorate the design for a bathhouse or hamam with a floor made of coins.
If you want to save space, a raised decorated floor will help: if you wanted to take a shower, you lowered it, you decided to swim, you raised it.
Bath design
The feeling of freshness will be created by the design of the sink in a beautiful natural style. wild nature has a powerful calming effect. Therefore, in one case, the designers used large logs with untreated granite, in the other, they lined the inside of the wall with stone and tiles.
Design elements such as waterfalls from the walls would be appropriate in the bathhouse premises. You can decorate them with large shells instead of traditional faucets.
Fans of minimalism and new life for old things in bathhouse design will love a shower made from a large garden watering can.
If there is no room for a pool, then you can cool down after the steam room in the plunge pool. Fortunately, it’s easy to make it with your own hands – from an ordinary barrel.
A washbasin made from a simple barrel will help you “maintain style”
And comfortable furniture from them is in the dressing room.
The floor may also be original. A cork covering with a “straw” pattern is more suitable for a country-style bathhouse interior. In addition to this flooring, you should take a bale of straw as coffee table(idea for the program “Hacienda”). Another interesting solution for the floor - a pattern of boards and refractory bricks.
For unusual bathhouse– the same doors made of natural materials – wooden, in the style of a country house. But these porthole windows will tell you how to use spare parts from an old washing machine.
Lighting and accessories
The best lamp for the interior of a bathhouse is one made by yourself. A chandelier in the shape of a stork's nest, redundant in the house, looks unusual and original. Materials: frame for a bouquet, braided with decorative raffia straw using wire. Natural antlers decorated to match the lamp - too suitable option for a natural style.
If you prefer something more modern, you need to choose lamps like these, hidden under the “torn off” planks of the interior decoration. An old basin used as a chandelier in the shower is another innovative solution.
We create a romantic mood by using candles. But bathhouses require special design. A basin or trough and ladles will do again.
In general, a basin in a bathhouse is a universal item. It is worth making such “shelves” for storing bath brooms, towels and other bath accessories. Can be used in steam rooms wooden pallets- this is a good solution for the main house.
Wicker baskets are also great for decorating a bath: large ones usually go on the floor as tables, small ones - on the wall.
From “warm” natural materials you can make a wide variety of decor that would be appropriate in a bathhouse and sauna: boxes woven from grass, reed, rattan, fern, corn, bast shoes and other items that are hung on the walls and placed on benches.
The best hangers for bathrobes would be items made from branches or small stones as hooks.
Bathhouse: interior in Russian style
The interior of a steam room in the Russian style will look complete if you complement it with decorative accessories. The room can be decorated with bath brooms, embroidered curtains, wood products - figurines, spoons, mirrors, clocks made from wood cuts, which are not afraid of humidity and will help to allocate enough time for important procedures.
Tapestries from medicinal herbs, moss and roots. They can be woven using a hand weaving device called a reed.
In addition to aesthetic value, herbal rugs and tapestries also perform an important healing function. A bath mat made of willow bark not only decorates, but also helps against skin diseases and sweating of the feet, and relieves inflammation. A tansy towel used as a compress in a bath is the main folk remedy for joint pain. Applied to the head, it relieves pain and helps get rid of dandruff. Nettle cloths increase vitality. Tapestries made from several types of herbs (wormwood, peppermint, yarrow, St. John's wort, sweet clover, etc.) are not only excellent elements of bathhouse design, but also cleanse the human body of harmful microbes and have a tonic or calming effect.
How to design a bathhouse
Herbal products woven on a reed are strong and durable. The only condition is that direct sunlight should not fall on them. The natural aroma of tapestries can be enhanced by sprinkling them with water. For the same purpose, they are hung in the steam room.
Useful decoration for baths and saunas - decorative designer jars with sea salt and colored sand. If you look closely, you can see a pattern of mountains, sky and deserted beaches. And when you have enough of this decor, you can use it as a scrub.
The more shades of salt and sand you have, the more interesting the “landscapes” will look. Coarse salt and sand make paintings in jars worse.
Ideas for a bath
The following items will make the interior of a bathhouse or sauna more soulful: a portrait doll on a wire frame, brownies that protect the owners, humorous hats that are so pleasant to take a steam bath in.
Toys made of bast or straw are suitable for bathhouse decor. We suggest making a symbol of the coming year - a goat. And let it give you a new portion of good luck, health and a lot of happiness with each visit to the steam room! Have fun!
On FORUMHOUSE you will find ideas from members of our portal that will help you create. You can also find out what a real bathhouse looks like: get acquainted with a virtual tour of one of the outstanding bathhouses in Moscow in the Russian style and its environs and invaluable material on the theory. And in our video you will find more ideas
Soft sofas for a relaxation room in this style, to put it mildly, are not very appropriate. And here is antique-made bath furniture in the form of , with backs on which you can put colored, painted pillows, bolsters - very good.
From textiles for a bath, chintz, linen, and other natural fabrics made of cotton or linen, plain or with floral pattern. Use them for curtains, tablecloths, napkins, tea warmers, towels. Don't forget colorful rugs or woven runners.
Ethnic design a steam room in a Russian bath means exclusively wooden walls, or clapboard, with shelves not in the form of ladders sewn at the bottom, but in the form of wide ones, usually two-level, so that the steamer can comfortably steam while lying down, standing on the lower level. A very simple steam room, nothing extra. covered with wooden lampshades, nothing reminds of modernity :)
More modern would be something like a hybrid of a Russian bath with alpine house. This makes it possible to modernize the interior, into which both the skins on the floor and soft sofas in the recreation room, and beams not sewn into the ceiling. It will be easier to imagine if instead of “alpine” you imagine a “hunting lodge”.
In this case, the interior of a Russian steam bath can also be modernized by using either or interesting ones from the Himalayan salt. The stove may not be brick, but surrounded by stone. (Others, unfortunately, will not provide the conditions of a Russian bath.)
The main material in a Russian bathhouse is, whatever one may say, but still tree. But you have at your disposal many ways to “present” it - which can either completely hide or reveal beautiful wood patterns, and the color scheme can make the interior either more mysterious due to darker shades, or add light and optimism due to light tones.
Metal in a Russian bathhouse, if it participates in the design, it will only be in the form of some elements that imitate antiquity - the same door canopies, rims on dishes, copper ladles, by the way, etc.
Glass… Of course, some glass objects can complement the interior of a Russian bathhouse, but these are just accents, nothing more. And, of course, they should not deviate from the general style.
Stone– will fit quite well into the interior of the bathhouse. It can be used as a fireplace surround, for example, or as a cutting wall behind the stove. The walls made of embedded round stones look nice.
Sauna- another widespread type of bathhouse in Russia, and its popularity is facilitated by the fact that creation of conditions Finnish sauna much simpler and cheaper than a Russian bath. Any metal stove is suitable for this. And if you have it set up correctly, then you can enjoy the heat of a sauna much faster than the warmth of a Russian bath, which, as you know, takes several hours to heat.
So, Finnish sauna – high temperature, low humidity. People come not to steam, but to sweat. Finns prefer to do this while sitting, but their shelves are arranged in such a way that you can lie down if desired. However, a lot of space is not wasted; the shelves are usually made of three tiers, so they are relatively narrow - 60 centimeters wide.
INTERESTING! Finns do not soar each other with brooms, so the space between the tiers is usually covered with clapboard - there is no need to leave space for the soaring person’s legs.
So, the design of a steam bath-sauna is usually quite simple and ascetic - Finns prefer natural materials, modern processing and the same modern design.
Tree in a sauna is as familiar as in a Russian bath. However, it is not stylized; on the contrary, it is more likely to be timber, lining, a neat block house than a log house. And the likelihood of painting with opaque (hiding the texture) paint is just as high as for varnish.
Metal – metal stoves They have a modern design, sparkle with mirrored stainless steel surfaces and have long been preferred in. Apart from stoves, metal is not used systematically in the sauna; it has nothing special to do in the steam room. But stainless steel parts can be used as fasteners, for example.
Glass. But they love it in saunas. Transparent and matte are made from heat-resistant material, which can be decorated with a variety of patterns. No one will forbid you to do the same with windows. In addition, the very focus on modernity suggests the possibility of using glass in the form of shelves, for example.
Stone– its use in a sauna may be limited to a pile of stones in an open heater, or it may become stylish element wall decoration.
We would say that the current sauna is in itself a fusion of tradition with new technologies, so there is no gap, no retreat into the archaic and no desire (among the Finns) to abandon traditional wood. Therefore, a rather nice unified style arises, in which The Finns set the tone. And those who buy Finnish items to equip their sauna automatically borrow and reproduce it.
To understand the basic parameters, so to speak, of the style, you just need to look through stove catalogs– by the way, you can also find ready-made saunas for sale there.
And if we talk about trends, then, as usual in Europe, they are aimed at maximum environmental friendliness, maximum comfort for modern man, who has no time for anything, and maximum minimalism, if we talk about detailing - everything is simple, aesthetically pleasing, devoid of decor and does not even need bright color accents.
Despite the fact that the reproduction of Turkish hammam Much more expensive for the average Russian than the same sauna, this type of national baths is still gaining popularity.
BY THE WAY! Calling this type of baths “Turkish” is not entirely legitimate, because it is widespread throughout the East - from Arabia to Central Asia, and the source for them was... Roman baths. But we are already used to it.
The problem is that a Turkish bath requires a very specific room with a ceiling that has either the shape of a dome or a vault.
And if you do everything according to the rules, then you won’t be limited to one room. The layout of a classic hammam is similar to a palm, where there is a central room with an exit to several smaller ones. In the smaller ones they take procedures, in the central one they communicate. In other words, classic hammam is a public bath, not a private one.
But today this issue can be easily resolved - an individual hammam requires the same room with domed or vaulted ceiling so that condensation flows along it onto the walls, and does not drip on people - such a room can be one with a lounger and a traditional washbasin.
And the second mandatory condition is room for generating water vapor, where the bathhouse equipment is located.
Due to the fact that the humidity in a Turkish bath reaches a record 100%, the main requirement for the materials used in it will be waterproof.
And this requirement is met stone And glass. Metals- only stainless steel, but they have no special use there. Tree You should absolutely not use this type of bathhouse as the main or finishing material.
But most often it is used to decorate a Turkish bath. tile. Of course, there are very expensive baths where massive pieces of stone are used as sun loungers, where the walls are literally decorated with stone panels. But a more common budget option is finishing with ordinary ceramic tiles. It could be small mosaic tiles, and a larger one - at the request of the owner.
The choice of tiles is not accidental. After all, it not only meets the requirements of water resistance, but is also the basis of ornaments, for which the oriental style is famous. In fact, both baths and mosques of the Muslim world were decorated with tiles.
So the owner of the hammam will only have to decide on the choice of which eastern country ornamentation style which one he likes the most. It is not for nothing that we mentioned above that this bathhouse is widespread throughout the Muslim East - this significantly expands the possibilities of its decoration. Each country has its own unique style, its own feature that can be emphasized.
Hammam, tiled. Photo
On the other hand, if there is no desire to somehow emphasize the Eastern origin, you can take as a basis abstractions And chaotic patterns Fortunately, tiles are produced in a variety of colors and patterns.
So, to exaggerate completely, you can either choose ethno, or abstraction.
It’s probably worth getting a little away from the specifics of styles and giving a few tips that apply to any styles in the bathhouse, because they affect general color solutions.
Light And dark. Most people already know that light colors create the illusion of a larger room than it actually is, and dark colors create the illusion of a smaller room. But visually increasing the volume, we must fill it so that it doesn't look empty. Various are suitable for this color accents, distributed in space.
If you choose dark, then even a reduction in volume can be played correctly - as creating intimacy, comfort in your bathhouse . To do this, the number of objects in the room should be small, and they themselves should be proportional to the size of the room.
ADVICE! If we are talking about a small steam room in a bathhouse, hanging loungers will visually take up less space than a stepped “pyramid” sewn up on all sides.
In a dark room bright colors acquire even greater brightness and saturation.
The monotony of space painted in one, neutral color, you don’t have to be afraid if you interest the eye with furniture details and color spots. Look on the Internet for examples Scandinavian style – plain walls, simple furniture, but bright objects make it not boring and very attractive.
It is also worth remembering that the human eye is constantly looking for correspondence, patterns, and we catch harmony where there is visual "rhyme"– the color of the lampshade and the color of textiles, for example. Or playing with some form - round or linear - in the decoration of the walls and the shape of the bathhouse furniture.
However, there are no unshakable rules of composition - everything is always decided by the sense of proportion and the taste of a particular person.
In order for your inspiration to feed, we decided to compile a small gallery of examples with photos of the steam room design inside (clicking on the photos will open in full size):
Having free space on a plot of land, you can build a strong and very functional bathhouse. Moreover, the last factor is due to the competent design of premises, their decoration and furniture. Regardless of the size of the building, rooms such as a steam room and an entrance hall with a wardrobe should be equipped inside.
But such an economical option can hardly be called quite comfortable, therefore, among the recommended rooms for design, decoration and equipment with all the necessary equipment, the following can be distinguished:
Depending on the available budget, you can equip only some of the proposed premises, for example, a bathroom, shower and relaxation area. If you plan to build a truly luxurious health complex, and it’s not difficult to shell out a “tidy sum” for comfort, you should think about including all the above-mentioned premises in the estimate.
Arranging a steam room. 1 – foil. 2-insulation. 3-membrane. 4-ceiling plinth made of wood. 5-floor wooden plinth. 6-vent valve. 7-ceiling from wooden lining. 8-light. 9-floor made of wood. 10-shelf 11-thermometer and hygrometer. 12-back shelf. 13-chimney. 14-water tank. 15-heater. 16-stove sauna. 17-protective screen. 18-non-flammable base under the stove. 19-door to the steam room. 20-bath accessories. 21-light therapy or LED lighting.
It is customary to arrange a steam room on the first floor of a building. The entrance to the steam room can be from the shower or dressing room. The door to the steam room is installed from tempered glass or wood, strictly without metal decorations, inserts and fittings (except for hinges), because the metal can heat up and burn the visitor. It is customary to allocate 1-2 meters for one steamer square areas premises. The oven will take about another meter. Accordingly, the comfortable dimensions of the steam room are 3-5 sq.m. You should not make a steam room that is too large with high ceilings - it will take a lot of time and fuel to warm up the room, and the air will be dried out from the hot stove.
The ceiling height is set from 2.2 to 2.6 m, depending on the height of the bathhouse owners and the height of the shelves, which in turn can be 1-3 tiers. The shelves themselves are made so that it is comfortable to sit and lie on them, and a steamer with a broom can stand nearby and perform bath procedures. The top shelf is made the widest, and the recommended height of each tier is 35 cm. It is better to sew up the space under the shelves to reduce fuel consumption for heating the unused area of the room.
It is advisable to make shelves from deciduous wood; the use of cedar/larch is acceptable. Wood can be combined, but it must be good quality– dry, without knots, resin pockets, traces of rot and mold, carefully sanded. For convenience, it is worth purchasing or making your own headrests from aspen or linden, as well as a tub and a bucket with a long handle. You definitely need to hang a bath thermometer with a hygrometer in the steam room to regulate the degree of heating and air humidity.
In the photo - a dial thermohygrometer and an hourglass 
bath thermometer
The lighting in the bathhouse is rarely bright. Basically, ceiling and wall lamps are covered with wooden shades/shades so that a soft twilight reigns in the steam room. Additionally, diode tape can be used for color therapy, as well as optical fiber to create the effect of a starry sky.
The stove is usually located closer to the door. Moreover, the heater can be made of brick or made of steel (wood-burning, electric).
Sauna stove at the entrance to the steam room 
Sauna heater installed on ceramic tiles
When installing a stove, it is extremely important to properly insulate the wall, floor, and ceiling at the point of contact with the exhaust chimney. The stove is placed at a distance of at least 10-15 cm from the wall, if the firebox door opens into the steam room, if the sauna stove is located simultaneously in two adjacent rooms and the firebox door opens into the dressing room, in interior partition a recess is cut, its dimensions exceeding the dimensions of the oven by 10-15 cm on each side of the heating surfaces. Insulation is made using asbestos cardboard, brick, ceramic tiles, stainless steel sheets.
Separately, it is worth considering options for finishing the walls, ceiling and floor. In addition to the standard lining and wooden floor, there are several interesting ideas.
Table. Steam room wall decoration
| Material | Advantages | Peculiarities | Installation method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salt crystals or blocks for halotherapy in your own bath/sauna | They have a pronounced therapeutic effect on the body as a whole, the respiratory system and the skin in particular. | Salt crystals are installed in dry steam saunas. Maximum evaporation of microelements occurs at 60 degrees, but already at 75 degrees the blocks turn into a salt solution. Salt bricks should not be allowed to come into contact with water, because... salt dissolves in it. | Salt crystals are used to make spectacular rectangular wall inserts; it is also possible to decorate one or more walls from floor to ceiling. Cladding with salt blocks is combined with diode or other lighting; to fix the masonry, a two-component quick-setting adhesive is used (hardening time from 10 minutes). |
| Wild stone or decorative brick | The uniqueness of the interior, the unusual combination of stone and wooden surfaces. Improved fire safety. When using medicinal types of stone, for example, soapstone or jadeite, there is an additional healing effect. | Stone can be used to cover both part of the wall behind the stove and the entire wall behind the heating device. Sometimes stones are attached instead of baseboards to the floor and ceiling. It is worth remembering that the stones in the sauna get very hot, so you should not allow them even to come into accidental contact with the skin of visitors to the steam room. | If a wooden wall is faced with stone, you will need to attach construction waterproofing paper to it (overlaps on all sides of 4-8 cm). A painting mesh should be secured on top of the waterproofing layer with galvanized staples or nails (fastening spacing vertically is up to 15 cm, horizontally - up to 40 cm, at the corners the mesh is laid in two layers). The mesh is plastered, and after 1-1.5 layers of plaster have dried, facing stones are laid on a cement-sand mortar. It is recommended to first lay out the stones on the floor and number them for convenience. It is better not to use stones that are too heavy for cladding. |
| Ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, polished natural stone tiles | Fire safety, aesthetics, interior decoration of the steam room, durability. | All of these tiles are laid on the wall behind the stove (all or only part of the wall). Tiles with a thickness of more than 10 mm are installed using metal fastenings and pouring cement-sand mortar/glue/mastic into the seams. | The tiles are fixed to the plastered surface of the walls. To fix tiles, highly specialized adhesives are used; for marble, latex or polyurethane based (waterless) compounds are used. The laying is carried out from the bottom up, the seams are laid with crosses or wedges to maintain the same thickness. |
| Cork moisture resistant coating | Suitable for both additional insulation of walls and their finishing. | Plates are used with a thickness of 20-40 mm. | Installation of slabs on the wall is carried out using specialized adhesive for cork coverings. It is permissible to use cork plinths for arranging a steam room. |
Table. Materials for arranging flooring in a steam room
| Material | Advantages | Peculiarities |
|---|---|---|
| Beautiful, durable, looks noble. | Quite cold, it is advisable to install heated floor systems under a porcelain stoneware covering. Must be non-slip. The seams are treated with moisture-resistant grout to prevent the spread of mold and mildew. | |
| Shock absorbent, warm to the touch, goes well with wooden surfaces. Not slippery. | Suitable for installation in a steam room, because the floor temperature rarely exceeds 30-40 degrees. | |
| Wooden boards and wood mats | Such coatings can be laid on concrete or porcelain stoneware. | Treatment with moisture-proof impregnations and periodic air drying are required. |
Note! It is unacceptable to use any plastic, rubber coverings, linoleum, PVC tiles and panels for arranging a steam room. Decoration Materials and furniture when heated should not emit a chemical odor or resin.
The ceiling in a Russian bathhouse has long been made of timber, lining, and boards. Exactly wooden surfaces They tolerate high temperatures well, fill the bathhouse with a pleasant aroma and do not contribute to the accumulation of condensation - wood tends to “breathe”.
There is no point in painting the ceiling, covering it with plywood, chipboard, or plastering - high humidity and temperature will quickly ruin such a finish. In Turkish baths, mosaics are often used to decorate the ceiling, but it is worth remembering that the humidity and temperature in hammams are much lower than in Finnish and Russian steam rooms. Can be used cork covering Thermocork 100 mm thick, specially designed for bathhouse ceilings (cost 3900-4000 rubles per 1 sq.m.).
It is advisable to equip the steam room with one window. A particularly eccentric option is panoramic blind window all over the wall. Such a window allows you to admire nature from your own steam room, while the mirror coating with outside will not allow the curious to look inside. But remember that than bigger window, the greater the heat loss.
The most common option is an opening single-leaf window 60x60 cm or 40x60 cm. The window is not placed on the wall behind the stove or sun loungers. The height from the floor to the bottom sash cannot be less than 170 cm - this is the height that implies effective ventilation of the room (natural air circulation). The frame can be made of wood or high quality plastic, withstanding temperatures up to 120 degrees.
Sometimes glass blocks are inserted instead of a window. They allow you to save on lighting the steam room during the day.
The shower room can be organized as a separate room or adjacent to the steam room, for example, separated only by a glass damper or a partition made of glass blocks. A cabin can be installed here or a shower tray with a drain for water drainage can be arranged. If planned a large number of visitors, it is recommended to install two or three showers.
Directly in the shower room, in addition to the shower itself, there should be a bench, a mirror, as well as hooks and non-hazardous shelves for toiletries.
Often the washing room is equipped with a dousing bucket and a bathtub made of acrylic or cast iron. Fonts are also installed in the washing room, especially if there is not enough space to arrange a full-fledged swimming pool.
The temperature in the shower should be higher than in the dressing room, but significantly lower than in the steam room.
Hot water supply is organized by connecting to central water supply, installing a boiler or installing a heat exchanger and a remote water tank (from 80 to 120 liters).
Water disposal is organized into a central sewer system, a septic tank or a drainage well. A drain ladder is installed in the shower room (the floor is poured or laid with a slope towards the drain funnel), from which waste liquid is discharged through a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. One person needs about 50 liters of water to take a shower; accordingly, using this figure, you can calculate the volume of a septic tank or storage cesspool for a bathhouse. By the way, treatment and storage installations should not be located near the walls of the bathhouse or in the underground - bad smell will enter the room. It is recommended to install a local installation 5-10 m from the walls of the bathhouse.
Coating options for wall, floor and ceiling cladding are shown in the following table.
Table. Arranging a shower in a bathhouse
| Material | Peculiarities | Example of finishing, photo |
|---|---|---|
| Wood | Showers adjacent to the steam room are often decorated with wood so as not to disturb the overall style of the premises. Wood does not tolerate constant humidity well - fungus develops and rot appears. It is worth considering the possibility of installing shower tray or cabins to minimize the effect of moisture on the material of the walls and floors, as well as regularly dry the boards and treat them with antiseptics. | |
| Wood Ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, mosaics | These materials are most appropriate in a shower room, but it is important to choose products with a non-slip surface, and seal the seams with compounds that prevent mold. It is recommended to place wooden or rubber mats on tiled floors. | |
| PVC panels | This material can be used for finishing walls and ceilings only in showers that are not adjacent to the steam room. Plastic does not tolerate high temperatures, but it is not afraid of high humidity. The panels are quite easy to install and clean, but the strength of the material leaves much to be desired. | |
| Natural stone | This solution is not to everyone’s liking due to the extraordinary nature of the interior and the coldness of the coating. However, the stone tolerates high humidity well and is quite suitable for cladding shower walls. |
Don't forget about ventilation in the shower. There should be a hood with an electric fan under the ceiling. For natural ventilation It is worth placing a small opening window closer to the ceiling, this is especially true for wooden baths and showers finished with timber or clapboard.
Advice! To ensure less heat escapes from the shower room, it is recommended to install a threshold at the entrance to the room, and also install a door of small height (from the standard 2.37 m, 2.07 m, 2 m and 1.87 m, the smallest is selected, and this value should be reduced further by 10 cm). The justified width of the doorway is 75-80 cm.
The bathroom can be a separate room or combined with a shower room. In the first case, in addition to the toilet or dry closet, it is recommended to install a washbasin with a mirror, a cabinet, a shelf, and a paper holder in the room. The finishing of a separate bathroom can be absolutely anything, starting with classic tiling and plastic panels and ending with cork, linoleum, a combination of various materials.
Ventilation in the toilet is very important. According to the rules, in toilet room with 1 toilet, up to 50 cubic meters of fresh air should be supplied every hour.
Often a heating radiator is installed in the toilet to make it comfortable during the cold season. It is also worth placing a boiler here so as not to spoil the interior of the washing room.
If you plan to install a toilet in the shower room, it is worth installing two forced hoods. One will prevent moisture from accumulating under the ceiling, the second will ventilate the space above the toilet.
The finishing of the shower room and toilet is done in the same style; for convenience, the toilet is installed in the far corner of the washing room and is fenced off with a partition, curtain, or screen. It is unacceptable to use materials similar to linoleum in the shower and toilet. Standard finishing options include tiles, lining, mosaic, stone, plastic, etc.
Water drainage from the toilet bowl can only be carried out to a local treatment plant or central sewerage. If leaky floors are installed in the bathhouse, separate provisions must be made for the toilet. sewer network(or an independent mobile dry toilet is installed, for example, composting or liquid type).
Of course, each private developer designs a bathhouse based on his own capabilities and preferences, but it’s worth familiarizing yourself with federal regulations prescribing the rules for arranging baths in general and restrooms in particular:
Files for download:
Plumbing sizes
Prices for dry toilets
dry closet
Dressing room and wardrobe
The dressing room is the last room that must be on the first floor. This room can be large and spacious or very tiny. In any case, there must be an entrance to the shower from the dressing room. The finishing of dressing rooms is most often made of wood to emphasize the style of the bathhouse. It is advisable to arrange furniture made of wood.
The recommended air temperature in the dressing room is 26-28 degrees. Ventilation can be natural, for which opening windows are installed, which in turn are a source of additional light during the daytime. Artificial lighting should be sufficiently saturated (chandelier and wall sconces), but not harsh.
The dressing room can be combined with a dressing room if the entire bathhouse is small. In this case, you should follow the following recommendations:
- The height of the ceiling should exceed the height of the person, taking into account raised hands. Optimal – 2.4-2.6 m;
- the number of seats, hooks and shelves for clothes should correspond to the expected number of bathhouse visitors;
- the floor in the dressing room and dressing room should be warm and non-slip so that it is comfortable to walk barefoot. For example, you can install a “warm floor” or lay a carpet;
- it is worth providing one or more electrical outlets;
- It is recommended to equip the dressing room with a mirror.
By the way, the dressing room can be combined with kitchen area, setting angular kitchen set with household appliances. If you plan to not only brew tea in the kitchen, but also fully prepare food, you need to install a separate hood, and also plan to lay water and sewer pipes for connecting a sink.
Advice! You should not install kitchen cabinets under the stairs so that dust from the steps does not fall on the dishes.
Video - Dressing area design
Second floor
On the picture - cozy bedroom in the attic bathhouse
Everyone decides for themselves how to arrange the second floor. Whether there will be a bedroom, a billiard room, a solarium or a simple storage room upstairs depends on the size of the bathhouse and the budget of its owner. However, we strongly recommend installing a safe staircase with wide steps between floors, and adding a small balcony to the residential floor.
Arrange the bathhouse so that you feel cozy and comfortable in it.
Video - Bathhouse project with billiards
Video - Construction of a bathhouse with a plunge pool
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