The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to vacuum installations for milking machines. The installation contains a pump, discharge and suction pipes, a circular manifold, a suction pipeline, a nozzle, a liquid tank, and an electric motor. To increase the efficiency of the pump, coolant is sucked through a pipeline through a nozzle and supplied to a circular manifold. Using a circular manifold, it is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the suction pipe. This will cool the pump more efficiently and reduce fluid consumption, increase pump performance and the amount of vacuum created, which increases the efficiency of milking machines. 3 ill.
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to vacuum installations for milking machines. The unified vacuum installation UVU-60-45 is known, passport UVA.OO.OOO PS, ed. 6, 1981, which is intended for machine milking in milking machines. However, the application air cooling and lubricating fluid supply systems do not give the desired effect. Vacuum pumps are known in which the working part of the rotors is made of textolite, for example, PTK brand. However, as shown experimental studies, when the pump is operating, the textolite cannot withstand heating temperatures above +90C (Volkov I.E. Research and development of a milking machine with an individual vacuum source. Dissertation of Candidate of Technical Sciences, Kazan Agricultural Institute. - Kazan, 1974). However, the use of air cooling does not give the desired effect. Therefore, for cooling, it is advisable to inject a liquid-air mixture. The purpose of the invention: to increase the efficiency of a vacuum installation by ensuring a dosed supply of coolant and its uniform distribution in the working chamber. This is achieved by the fact that the suction cavity of the pump is equipped with a system for supplying coolant mixed with a gas flow .Figures 1 and 2 show the proposed vacuum installation, and figure 3 shows a circular manifold. The vacuum installation consists of a pump 1, a discharge pipe 2 and a suction pipe 3, a circular manifold 4, a suction pipeline 5, a nozzle 6, a liquid tank 7 and electric motor 8. The principle of operation of the vacuum installation is as follows. When pump 1 is operating, under the influence of the vacuum it creates, liquid is sucked in in doses through the suction pipeline 5 through the nozzle 6 from the liquid tank 7. Then it enters the circular manifold 4, with the help of which it is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the suction pipe 3. A uniform supply of liquid mixed with a gas flow in the pump suction cavity allows for more efficient cooling of the pump, reducing liquid consumption, increasing pump performance and the amount of vacuum created. In addition, the supply of coolant improves the coefficient of friction of the rubbing pair of the working part of the pump rotors.
Claim
A vacuum installation for machine milking, containing a vacuum-creating pump with suction and discharge pipes and electric motors, characterized in that it is equipped with a system for supplying coolant mixed with a gas flow into the suction cavity of the pump, consisting of a liquid tank, a suction pipeline with a nozzle in the intake parts having a calibrated cross-section for dosed suction of liquid from the tank, and a manifold at the inlet to the suction pipe of the pump, ensuring uniform distribution of liquid throughout the entire volume of the suction pipe.
On tethered farms with up to 30 cows, tethered animals are used for milking animals in stalls. stationary linear milking units with milk collection in buckets, developed by SAC. The milking machine kit (Fig. 10.1) includes the following assembly units: vacuum wire 1, vacuum valve 2, vacuum regulator 3, vacuum gauge 4, exhaust pipe 5, muffler 6, oil tank 7, vacuum pump 8, electric motor 9, vacuum cylinder 10, milking bucket 11, pulsator 12, collector 13.
Without a vacuum pump for a milking machine, no system will work. It can safely be called the heart of the entire unit. Beginning farmers are often faced with the problem of choosing this equipment. There are a lot of offers and each seller praises his own. Therefore, we decided to clarify in accessible form, what determines the choice of one model or another, and what can break in such equipment. Also this information will be useful for those who decide to assemble the device with their own hands.
The vacuum system used in the milking machine, regardless of the manufacturer, consists of the same components. This includes the cylinder on the basis of which the vacuum is created, the vacuum pump itself, control equipment (vacuum gauge), pulsator and vacuum regulator for the milking machine. By the way, the last node is one of the most important.
For normal milk flow, optimal pressure must be created in the teat cups, and it is 0.48 bar.
The vacuum pump must create a variable vacuum with exactly this indicator. If it is more, it means that the cows’ nipples will be injured, and if the indicator drops below permissible norm glasses fall off. The periodicity is created by a pulsator; it ranges from 45-65 cycles per minute. A pulsator is a small valve that is quite easy to adjust and rarely breaks.
And here we come to the very important point, which determines normal operation, namely the types of pumps:
Let’s immediately warn those who make their own: you can only assemble ready-made knots with your own hands; you won’t be able to make the knots themselves from scratch.
Here we come across the first trick of the sellers. In addition to creating optimal pressure, there is such an indicator as productivity. For an individual milking machine, that is, we milk one cow with one machine, it is 110 l/min. If you are going to milk two cows at the same time with one device, then the productivity should be 220 l/min. And so on increasingly.
The blades in such units are graphite. This lubricant actually has a very high slip coefficient, which is the reason for its silent operation. But during prolonged use, the blades overheat and can become deformed. Simply put, the pump jams quite quickly. And when contacting service center you may be accused of violating operating conditions and be denied warranty service.
We conclude that vacuum devices with a graphite dry rotor are a good thing, but only if you have no more than 2-3 cows on your farm.
If we compare the operating principle of oil and dry units, then structurally they are not much different. It’s just that instead of a graphite one, these pumps have a textolite blade boiled in oil.
Plus, there is constant oil circulation. As a result of this innovation, it serves not only its intended purpose, that is, lubrication, but also provides heat removal and prevents overheating.
The most common myths regarding such oil systems are rumors about supposedly complex settings and high consumption of lubricant. We can assure you that adjustment in such systems is no more difficult than in dry ones. And the tales about wasteful use were most likely invented by competitors.
Therefore, for small farms where individual milking of cows with one machine is provided, it is better to take oil system. As practice shows, such a vacuum pump can operate without interruption for cooling for up to 3-4 hours.
Water ring pumps are installed in milking parlors that simultaneously serve more than 6-8 cows. As the name suggests, the working fluid in them is water, and maintaining its set temperature requires the installation of additional equipment and tracking sensors.
In liquid ring pumps, vacuum regulators for milking machines are complex multi-component devices, and setting them up requires some preparation. We do not recommend purchasing such equipment for farms with less than 50 heads of livestock. And on individual devices such pumps are not installed at all.
The choice of vacuum equipment for cattle milking systems is a delicate matter, but with a strong desire you can sort this issue out. The main thing for you is to decide on the number of heads, the operating time of the pumps and the order of milking.
Tell us in the comments if you have ever used such systems.
The vacuum pump is designed to create a vacuum (vacuum) in the system by pumping air out of it. The vacuum pump is driving force any milking equipment.
Vacuum pumps are classified as follows:
1. By design:
2. According to the magnitude of the vacuum created:
3. By purpose:
Rotary vane (oil) pumps operate using oil, while water ring pumps operate using water.
The main advantages of liquid ring pumps are:
However, liquid ring pumps have lower performance, are difficult to operate and operate only at positive temperatures.
Diagram of a liquid ring vacuum pump
Rotary vane pumps are characterized by high operational reliability and
high performance. Oil pumps can operate in sub-zero temperatures.
The disadvantages of rotary vane pumps include:
1 - rotor; 2 - body; 3 - rectangular plates; 4 and 7 - pipes; 5 and 6 - working cavity of the pump. The arrows indicate the movement of air (air suction and vacuum injection areas).
Vacuum stations are installed in milking systems to create vacuum pressure. They are also used in other industries National economy, where the creation of a stable vacuum is required.
Vacuum stations consist of a water tank and a pumping unit (vacuum pump) installed on the tank and an electric motor. Depending on the required power, the vacuum station is equipped with one, two or more vacuum pumps.
Popularity Agriculture among the population is growing again, and keeping livestock is considered the norm for many residents of the private sector. At the same time, it becomes easier to buy homemade fresh milk, thanks to the keeping of cows on private farms. For small properties with one or two cows the best option To obtain maximum profit is manual milking of livestock. If the number of livestock increases, additional assistance will be required. To do this, you can hire workers who will milk several cows for a fee, or purchase a milking machine. Milking machines pay for themselves quickly enough and soon become completely profitable, unlike workers who will always need payment.
Today, milking installations may differ:
Considering everything distinctive features each device, it can be determined that they are all united by the principle of operation. Each individual installation is equipped with low pressure. Also, all of them have the ability to be attached to using rubber suction cups or special clamps. Last option easier to operate and causes absolutely no problems for any farmer. As a rule, the entire milking time takes a few minutes, and does not require any labor from a person. The milk is expressed into a special container, after which it can be used for further processing or sale.
All types of milking machines can be divided according to the following criteria:
In order to do right choice In favor of the milking machine required for a particular case, each point should be examined in more detail.
In fact, in any case, the milk always ends up in a container prepared for this purpose. The only difference is how big this container is and whether it is part of the milking machine itself. The most commonly used units are those with built-in cans, which are ideal for milking small livestock. For large farms, there are milking plants that collect milk from several cows at once through pipes into one large container. The container itself may be located in an adjacent room, and the number of cows served at the same time is the next characteristic.
Here the previous point should be taken into account first, since milking machines for private small herds are not capable of serving several cows at the same time. They are designed to work with only one drill or, at best, two. Large machines for farms are capable of milking several dozen cows at the same time. Of course, the cost of such a device will be appropriate, but when working with large volumes, you will be able to save on other things and much more, so the benefit is obvious.
This classification divides all milking installations for cows into three types. Pumps can be:
The last option is the most popular, since its price is the lowest compared to pumps of other types of action, and such a device can operate simultaneously only with a small amount cows It turns out that milking machines, the design of which is based on - optimal a budget option for individual use.
To simultaneously service a small number of cows, you will need to purchase a more powerful device with a piston pump. Of course, along with the increased power, it also has one serious drawback - the device is very noisy during operation, which can disturb the cows. Also, some consider its dimensions to be a disadvantage.
The best option for silence during milking and high installation productivity would be a machine with They are further divided into dry and oil, but in any case they will be better than other types.
The power of the unit and its weight depend on their number. Three-stroke engines are, of course, more massive, but at the same time more productive, while two-stroke engines are the opposite.
All characteristics of milking machines determine their operation based on the creation of a vacuum into which milk is drawn from the udder. In this case, the vacuum in the installation can be constant or frequently changed, due to which the compression occurs.
In the first case, milk is milked in a matter of minutes and very efficiently, without leaving a drop, and is completely safe for the cow. Devices with this principle of operation are expensive, and the vacuum in them is created using centrifugal pump or pulsator. In another version, there is essentially no vacuum, and milking is carried out due to the movements of a piston pump. It is this that creates pressure surges that ensure milk expression. Such units are noticeably cheaper, but the quality of their work is not always ideal.
Depending on its dimensions, the machine can be classified as a mobile milking machine or a stationary one. The latter are used very rarely today, since working with them is very inconvenient. Mobile devices are additionally equipped with small wheels and can be used in various sizes farm. They are easy to move around the farm and easy to use.
From the above it follows that it simply does not make sense to purchase this installation if there are one or two cows on the farm; there are many reasons for this, and first of all - a long payback period.
To serve a larger number of livestock, the benefits of purchasing a device are obvious. First of all, the device quickly pays for itself. It also helps to obtain more free time for the farmer, which was previously spent on hand milking all the cows. Considering the speed of work, along with simplicity and practicality, it is possible to reduce the number of workers previously involved in milking. This will further reduce payment costs wages employees.
TO positive qualities milking machines should also be considered high quality their work, allowing for short term get absolutely all the milk from a cow.
Of course, there are also many dissatisfied with the purchase of such a unit. First of all, many complain about high cost milking installations. Besides, negative reviews may be provoked wrong selection apparatus for a specific household. Since there are so many varieties, in order to choose the right one, you should take into account all their features.
Of course, the purchase of a milking machine should be accompanied by preliminary consultation with a professional or at least self-study all characteristics of this type of technology. Therefore, before purchasing a unit, weigh the pros and cons. And most importantly, calculate whether purchasing the device is financially beneficial for you.
