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The unique performance qualities of copper ensured pipe products made from it, despite high cost, enough wide application. Copper pipes are not afraid of ultraviolet rays, have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high corrosion resistance in non-acidic environments. The ability of copper to maintain ductility when negative temperatures makes it possible to install copper pipes even in winter conditions. The durability of copper pipes does not depend on the temperature and pressure of the media transported through them.
Copper pipes make it possible to transport high-temperature liquids in them.
Installation of copper pipes in heating systems possible due to their high resistance when working with high-temperature liquids. This property is especially relevant for a single-pipe heating scheme, in which to ensure the coolant temperature in the last radiator is about 70ºC, it is necessary that in the first it is equal to approximately 120ºC
Connecting pipes with compression fittings does not provide an absolute guarantee of reliability and requires constant monitoring during operation.
The maximum temperature that polymers used in heating systems can withstand does not exceed 95ºC, and media with temperatures up to 300ºC can be transported through copper pipes. Important property pipeline made of this metal is its ability to withstand pressure of 200-400 atm, while the soldered connection of copper pipes, made by hand, remains sealed.
Thanks to its antibacterial properties, copper can resist the infiltration of contaminants in urban water supplies. Plumbing copper is resistant to chlorine. Moreover, chlorine, being a strong oxidizing agent, promotes the formation of a protective oxide film on copper, which extends the service life of the pipeline. However, it should be remembered that hidden laying of copper pipes with your own hands can only be done if there is a polymer shell on the pipes, which protects the copper from stray currents.
When using copper pipes in heating and water supply systems, combinations in the system should be avoided. different materials, which leads to local electrochemical corrosion. If it is necessary to connect, for example, aluminum with copper, brass transition elements are used.
Copper pipes are universal: in addition to water supply and heating systems, they are used to transfer gases and refrigerants to refrigeration systems, used in air conditioning systems.
Before installation, ensure that there are no burrs, cracks or other damage on the pipe ends. This will help avoid problems in the future operation of the pipes.
To connect copper pipes with your own hands, use crimp or solder fittings - connecting parts of various shapes and purposes.
Compression fittings are made from brass and have a crimp ring inside them to ensure a tight fit. The ring is tightened by hand using a wrench. However, it is advisable to use such fittings only in places where it is impossible to carry out work with open fire and it is possible to easily check the tightness of the connection. Compression fitting connections are designed for lower permissible pressures than solder fittings and must be periodically checked and tightened.
The connection of steel and plastic heating and water supply pipes with copper pipes is often carried out using compression fittings. To connect such a fitting with, you need to disassemble it, then put a clamping nut on the pipe, and then a ferrule. The assembly, consisting of pipe, clamp nut and ferrule, is inserted into the fitting. The nut is tightened using a wrench by a number of turns depending on the diameter of the pipe and determined by the fitting’s passport data.
Connections with compression fittings are not absolutely reliable and require constant monitoring during operation.
Before you begin laying the water supply, you need to cut the copper pipes to the required sizes.
This method is based on the capillary effect, which promotes uniform distribution of solder throughout the entire cross-section, regardless of the position of the pipe. To create a capillary effect, special fittings are used, the diameters of which must differ from the diameters of the pipe by a strictly defined value. For soldering over an open fire, a gap of 0.1-0.15 mm is recommended.
Connections using capillary soldering are carried out using special fluxes and solders - thin wires made of metal alloys with a low melting point, usually tin with small additions of copper and silver. Soldered joints are used in cases where water supply is carried out with one’s own hands in the floor or walls, or in other cases when visual control of the integrity of the joints is impossible.
There are two soldering methods: high temperature and low temperature.
High temperature soldering, otherwise known as hard soldering, is used where operating conditions copper pipelines associated with the presence high temperatures. Such soldering is carried out using special fluxes and hard solders. For do-it-yourself pipeline installation, this type of soldering is practically not used.
Low-temperature, or soft, soldering is used for pipelines used for transporting liquid and gaseous media, the operating temperature of which does not exceed 110ºC. When doing low-temperature soldering with your own hands, the joints are heated to a temperature of approximately 300ºC.
The time needed to solder copper pipes will be helped by markings on the fitting itself with recommendations for the required solder size.
Before starting soldering, the outer part of the end of the pipe and internal fitting processed using sandpaper to the state of pure metal. Next, a thin layer of solder paste or flux is applied to the cleaned end of the pipe. These materials, in a molten state, dissolve oxide films on the elements being connected, protecting their surfaces from further oxidation, which is caused by high temperatures.
However, given the fact that flux destroys the surface of the metal, when soldering with your own hands, it must be applied just before starting work and only on the area that will go into the fitting. After hardening, the flux forms a film that does not require removal.
Next, the pipe is inserted into the socket of the capillary fitting until it stops. Places are heated evenly with the flame of a gas burner or a hot air gun. For this purpose, it is advisable to use a lamp equipped with two burners or nozzles with sprayers.
If the flux used contains tin, then when heated to required temperature silvery drops will appear. In other cases, you can make sure that the desired temperature has been achieved by touching the solder to the heated surface - the solder should spread. Immediately the molten solder must be introduced into the joint. Moreover, it does not matter at all from which side it will be introduced. Thanks to capillary action, the solder will evenly fill the entire joint. Remains of flux from the fitting are removed using a rag.
The use of a variety of fittings that have a bead of solder placed inside by the manufacturer will help reduce soldering time. the right size. The fitting is put on a pipe coated with flux and heated with a torch or hot air gun until a liquid state of solder is obtained.
Installation of copper pipes
In the process of installing plumbing systems with your own hands, it often becomes necessary to connect copper pipes with products made from other materials. In heating systems, cold and hot water supply, copper connections with steel, plastic and brass are safe from the point of view of corrosion processes. But the contact of copper with galvanized steel is dangerous for galvanized pipes and leads to their destruction due to electrolytic processes. To avoid pipeline failure, the connection must be made using, and the water flow must be directed from steel to copper. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a tool for installing copper pipes of a heating system or hot water supply. cold water
. To do this you will need: a pipe cutter or a hacksaw for metal, a file or scraper, and if there are areas of complex configuration - a pipe bender, a gas torch or a hot air gun.
If the diameters of the pipes do not exceed 15 mm, then their bending radius should be at least 3.5 diameters, and if more than 15 mm, then four diameters. When bending by hand, a high-quality bend can be obtained only with a radius equal to 8 diameters.
Despite their resistance to corrosion, copper pipes, due to violations of manufacturing technology, improper soldering and severe contamination of water with abrasive inclusions, can be subject to very dangerous pitting corrosion. The pipe corrodes where the oxide film is destroyed. One way to avoid this process is to install filters on water supply and heating pipelines.
On modern construction market Copper pipes, thanks to their unique performance qualities, quite successfully compete with products made from steel, plastic and metal-plastic, despite their high cost.
Copper pipes and fittings are in demand due to their high durability and strength, as well as a number of other technical characteristics providing uninterrupted operation various communication networks.
Russian and foreign companies are currently producing high-quality copper fittings and pipes. Such products meet the requirements of European standards (ISO 9002, BS2, DIN); they are characterized by increased resistance to the pressure of working media flowing through pipelines, to high and low temperatures, and to external influences during transportation and storage.
Copper utility networks are not afraid sun rays(this distinguishes them in better side from the now popular polymer structures), rust does not appear on them over time, which always forms on metal and steel pipelines. Their service life is at least a hundred years; you must agree, it is very difficult to find a higher quality and practically “eternal” material for arranging household and industrial communications.
Used for the construction of the following systems:
Private individuals, as a rule, use copper pipes when they install reliable and durable water supply networks in their homes. It is clear that connecting elements for such pipe products are most often also made of copper. Copper fittings are considered much more economical than metal fittings, since their manufacture requires less material.
The point is that when producing, for example, cast iron parts, their walls are initially designed to be thick - engineers leave a “reserve” for metal loss due to corrosion. But connecting elements made of copper can be made much thinner, because they are not affected by rust even after decades of use.
The demand for copper pipelines is due to other reasons:
In addition, if the water in the pipes freezes, the line only becomes deformed and does not break, as is noted when steel and other products freeze. The destruction of copper structures is recorded only when they are exposed to a load of over 200 atmospheres (such pressure simply cannot exist in domestic systems).
Modern fittings for copper networks come in the following types:
Press fittings for copper pipes are now almost never used to connect elements of copper pipelines. Firstly, their installation is carried out using a special press, which costs a lot. Secondly, such fittings were originally created to connect plastic and metal-plastic structures. It makes sense to use press parts for copper pipes only if it is impossible to perform high-quality soldering of pipes or mount them with other types of connecting elements.
In this article we will look in detail at other fittings (compression, threaded, etc.), but first we note that when installing copper products, you must always use materials of a homogeneous structure. In this case utility network will be guaranteed to serve as long as possible and without breakdowns. In other words, the connection of copper pipes should be done with copper fittings, and other materials should be used only as needed.
If dissimilar materials are used, you must adhere to following rules installation of pipelines:
It is recommended to install such connecting elements when the structure engineering system involves its periodic disassembly, repair (replacement of failed parts) and assembly. Threaded connection characterized by the presence of internal or external threads on it, designed to create a single line.
In terms of reliability and long-term operation, threaded fittings are less practical than compression or capillary fittings. They must be checked regularly, old elements must be dismantled and new elements installed. For this reason, such fittings can be installed in areas of the system that are easily accessible.
Options for threaded elements for arranging copper pipelines:
When installing new networks, it is advisable to use compression fittings, but the modernization of pipelines and their major renovation It is better to do it with threaded elements.
These fittings, called crimp or collet fittings, are a good replacement for flame-assembled fittings. Push-in fittings consist of a set of sealing gaskets and rings, as well as a special ring for crimping the pipe. A completely sealed connection of pipe products made of different materials is ensured by the fact that wrench tighten the ferrule ring. Compression fittings can be made of steel, metal-plastic, brass or copper.
Crimping (collet) parts are indispensable for water supply systems that consist of pipes of different cross-sections. They are also in demand for the construction of networks from various materials. Although recently, classic compression fittings have begun to be replaced by self-locking parts, since they are more preferable in terms of their operational capabilities.
Self-locking collet fittings are structures within which a whole system of rings is installed. Moreover, one ring must be equipped with teeth. When pressed with a special mounting wrench on this toothed element, it is secured in the adjacent ring, resulting in a truly strong connection.
Such compression fittings are dismantled as simply as they are installed, using the same key. Please note - compression products for copper pipes are always made of copper. At the same time, they are suitable for arranging pipelines made of any other metals and plastics.
The most popular method of truly reliable and durable connection of pipe structures made of copper is their soldering. Based this operation on the capillary effect. It states that liquid is able to rise up the capillary, overcoming the emerging force of gravity in cases where there is a certain distance between two surfaces.
In practice, this phenomenon allows the solder used to be evenly distributed over the entire area of the surface to be joined. Moreover, it does not matter in what spatial position the pipeline element is located. It is not at all difficult to feed solder not from above, but from below.
The technology of the capillary technique is as follows:
This can be considered complete - the system is ready to perform its tasks! Copper and metal pipes are installed using capillary technology. If a steel fitting is used, a special flux should be applied to the soldering area in advance. The role of the material for solder is performed by a very thin tin or copper wire, which is placed under the thread of the fitting. In some cases, silver wire is also used.
Another important point. Push-in connections are installed without preliminary preparation of the products to be connected. But soldering can be done only after thoroughly removing dirt and dust from the edges of the pipes, as well as after degreasing the surface.
When constructing pipelines made of copper products using detachable connections, a special device called rolling is often used. Its second name is also common – flanging. Using this tool, you can perform rolling - an operation that makes it possible to modify the shape and geometric parameters of copper and other plastic materials without losing their operational properties.
Elementary rolling is an ordinary conical blank, which is placed in a pipe and then turned until it is bent to the desired shape. It is clear that such a device cannot be used in the construction of modern pipelines, since it does not provide uniform pressure on the walls and does not allow choosing a specific rolling force.
More effective is rolling with clamps and a cone that wrap around its own axis. This is the kind of tool that is recommended to be purchased for laying communications in your home. It is inexpensive, but the quality of work guarantees quite high. The clamp of such a flange is equipped with either several holes suitable for certain pipe diameters, or one hole universal type, into which tubular products of a wide variety of sections can be inserted.
Professional specialists involved in the construction of pipelines usually use rolling with a safety ratchet and an eccentric. Before you start working with it, you will need to put the nuts on the pipe to be connected (they make it possible to make the required connection). Professional rolling deforms the metal by rolling the pipe (its inner surface) with an eccentric - a device with an offset center.
And the ratchet determines the greatest force that can be applied to the structure without causing the phenomenon of thinning the walls of the pipe and pushing it through. Strict adherence to the deformation force of copper is ensured by rolling the eccentric. This device does not leave small grooves or dents on the inner surface of the pipe. This means that the system will serve you for a very long time, because it is the presence of these flaws that significantly reduces the life of the communication (grooves and dents are those areas where there is a high probability of leaks).
Thus, rolling with an eccentric and a safety ratchet is rightfully considered the ideal tool for installing copper pipelines at an impeccable quality level. And most importantly, the whole process goes quickly and without excessive costs physical strength.
Thanks to its almost unique performance qualities, copper is today one of the most popular materials used for the installation of communication systems. It is especially common in private homes, where water supply and heating systems are made of copper pipes, the connection of which is carried out using various methods.
One of the main reasons for using copper in communications systems is the material's outstanding resistance to high temperatures and high blood pressure from the side of the medium circulating through the pipes. For example, calculations show that in the case of installation single pipe system heating system, if you want to get the water temperature in the radiator to be 70 degrees, at the inlet it should be at least 120 degrees. Many modern materials They are simply not designed for such temperatures. An example here is the plastic (or polymer) pipes that are so popular today. They are light, not too expensive (especially in comparison with copper), do not cause difficulties during installation and look quite aesthetically pleasing. But here Maximum temperature the temperature they are designed for is 95 degrees Celsius. At higher temperatures, the pipes simply begin to melt. At the same time, copper can easily withstand temperatures up to 300 degrees.
When operating a household pipeline, the opposite situation may also occur - freezing of water in the pipes. The vast majority of materials cannot withstand the linear expansion of frozen water and are destroyed - ruptures or cracks appear on pipes made of polymer, cast iron or steel. Copper copes excellently with this problem due to its ductility.
In general, copper pipes are universal elements. They can be used not only in water supply or heating systems. Often, specialized pipelines are installed from them in refrigeration units or air conditioners. Due to the gas-tightness of copper, they are also used for the installation of gas pipelines, both domestic and industrial. In addition, recently copper pipes for electrical wiring have become quite common, which can reliably protect all its “intricacies” from mechanical and other damage.
Various techniques and additional parts are used to connect copper pipes into a single system. The choice of a specific method depends on the characteristics of the pipeline, its purpose, its location, and even national traditions. Regarding the last point, today in Europe, where copper pipelines are used most often, two traditional approaches to their installation have developed:
All types of copper pipe connections that exist today can be divided into 2 categories:
Permanent connections- this is a structure that cannot be disassembled without destroying its individual components. These include:
Soldering or welding can be done without fittings. Factory connectors for copper pipes (various fittings) are also used. For pressing, special press fittings are required, which are equipped with crimp sleeves.
All types of permanent connections can be used when installing water supply, gas supply and heating systems.
Note! When installing water pipelines and heat supply systems for pipes of small and medium diameter, low-temperature soldering is most often used, and welding is used for pipes large diameter. When installing " heated floors» The most common technique is pressing. If it is necessary to connect copper with steel, then soldering or welding is usually used, depending on the diameter of the pipes (solder - bronze). But when installing a gas pipeline, high-temperature soldering is required.
Plug-in connection- This is a collapsible design. It is obtained using various types of fittings:
In addition, in this case, a flange can be used - a connector for copper pipes of large and medium sections. And during emergency pipeline repairs, a turnbuckle can be temporarily used to connect pipes of the same diameter.
Most often, a variety of fittings and connectors are used to connect various equipment, consuming devices or fittings to the pipeline. The convenience of such connections is that they can be easily disassembled if necessary (for example, if a pipeline needs to be repaired or equipment connected to it needs to be replaced). They are very reliable and do not require much qualification from the installer. In addition, installation requires a minimum of special tools - most of the work is done literally by hand.
But at the same time, detachable connections require periodic inspection and maintenance. They are weakened by temperature and pressure changes in the system, and the sealing elements wear out over time. That is why they must be located in such a way that access to them during pipeline operation is open at any time.
Note! Threading is prohibited on copper pipes. Therefore, special transition-type fittings are used to connect copper to the threaded elements of the system. On one side, such parts have a socket for connection to a pipe by soldering or crimping, and on the other side, a thread.
Whatever type of connection is chosen when installing a copper pipeline, you should know that in any case it does not reduce mechanical strength systems. On the contrary, any of the connections, except welding, increases the thickness of the system walls, which means that this part of the pipeline is even stronger than the pipe itself. As for the welded joint, it (initially softer due to the peculiarities of the process) becomes stronger over time.
Before connecting pipes to each other, they must be prepared. Preparation includes several stages.
For execution this stage It is best to resort to the help of a pipe cutter. The entire process of using this tool is extremely simple. It is necessary to put the pipe cutter on the end of the pipe where the cut is to be made, moving it to the place marked for the cut. After this, you need to tightly tighten the clamp (screw) of the tool and begin rotating the cutter around the pipe. The screw will be tightened, resulting in the pipe being cut off at the location of the cutter.
Note! The use of a pipe cutter allows you to make an accurate perpendicular cut. But in the process of cutting the pipe, you should not use excessive force - this may crush the end of the copper product. It's better to make a couple of extra turns of the pipe cutter.
Of course, everyone knows about the ductility of copper and that it can be cut with an ordinary hacksaw. But to achieve good quality such a cut and its perpendicularity is quite difficult. When using a hacksaw, the edges are too uneven and require additional processing. True, if special tool I don’t have it at hand, a hacksaw turns out to be the only way to adjust the pipe to the desired length. But then you should turn Special attention on the edges.
After cutting, burrs and irregularities will remain on the edge of the pipe in any case. Before making the connection, these defects must be eliminated. To do this, use a needle file or a rounded file.
The outer surface of the edge also needs to be cleaned, removing the oxide film and dirt from it. This work is done using fine-grained sandpaper. In addition, before connecting, you should clean and inner surface edges. Special napkins or brushes are suitable for these purposes.
Note! The edge should be cleaned until its surface becomes shiny. But you shouldn’t be too diligent, as there is a high chance of removing too much copper. In this case, it may be difficult to make a connection using soldering or welding.
One of the most common methods of connecting copper pipes is capillary soldering. To carry it out, special fittings are used to help the solder be distributed at the location where the seam is made extremely evenly, regardless of the position of the pipe itself. It is of great importance right choice fitting diameter - it should be 0.1-0.15 mm larger than the pipe diameter.
To perform capillary soldering, flux will need to be applied to the end of the pipe. This is a special composition that, when melted, dissolves the oxide film present on the pipe. In addition, it perfectly protects copper from oxidation, which inevitably occurs when it is heated.
Note! Flux is a highly chemically reactive compound, which means that it can interact with the metal it is applied to. Therefore, when using it, you should be careful and not use more flux than required. It is best to use a brush, applying flux exclusively to the part of the pipe that will fit inside the fitting. Moreover, this must be done immediately before starting soldering. After this, immediately insert the end of the pipe into the fitting until it stops, turning it around the axis of the pipe - this is required so that the flux “lays down” as evenly as possible. If any part of the flux ends up on the outer surface of the pipe, it must be removed immediately.
After the pipe is inserted into the fitting, the connection must be heated. Heating should be uniform around the entire circumference of the joint. To do this, you can use an open flame - for example, gas burner with two nozzles. A safer method is often used - an industrial hair dryer. The degree of heating can be determined using the flux or solder used. If a flux containing tin is used, silvery drops appearing at the joint will indicate that the temperature required for soldering has been reached. If a different type of flux is used, then understand whether the connection has heated up to required temperature, you can by applying the edge of solder to it. If the solder immediately begins to melt, it means that it can already be introduced into the gap between the pipe and the fitting. In this case, you can move the solder rod either from right to left or from left to right - in any case, it will fill the gap and reliably connect the parts together.
The amount of solder required is determined very simply - by the diameter of the pipe. To do this, even before starting soldering, you can wrap the pipe with wire, which will act as solder, and cut off a piece of the required length from it.
Note! Fittings for capillary soldering are available for sale, inside of which there is already solder in the right quantity. Working with such fittings comes down to heating the joint to a temperature where the solder begins to melt. In this case, there is no need to add additional solder.
After soldering, the connection must cool down natural conditions. During this time it should not be exposed to any mechanical stress. Only after the solder has completely hardened can the pipeline installation process continue.
Other connections are made in a similar way during the installation of a water supply or heating system at home. After the entire system is installed, it must be flushed hot water- this will help remove flux residues from inside the pipes. If this is not done, the composition remaining on the surface of the copper can lead to corrosion of the copper elements. From the outside of the pipeline, you should also inspect all joints and, if there is any remaining flux or solder on them, clean them with a damp cloth.
Often, when installing a private copper water supply, sewerage or heating system, it becomes necessary to use elements made from other materials. In this case, it should be remembered that in no case should direct contact of copper and galvanized steel be allowed due to the electrochemical processes that arise. As a result of such contact, corrosion processes on the surface of the steel develop at an accelerated pace, and it is destroyed. To avoid this, a brass fitting must be placed between the copper and steel sections of the pipeline. In addition, it is very important here that the galvanized steel parts in the pipeline are located in front of the copper ones - that is, the water circulating through the works first passes through the steel section and then enters the copper section. But contact of copper with plastic, brass or acid-resistant steel is safe from this point of view and does not affect the service life of the pipeline.
Pipeline fittings are used to connect pipes of a wide variety of diameters and sizes. Certain types of fittings are necessary for bending the pipeline, for example, T-shaped and Y-shaped fittings, as well as bends.
Straight fittings have components such as plugs, adapters, and couplings. Examples of fittings are shown in the figure below. Exactly how each fitting is made depends on the material used to make it.
Examples of steel, copper and plastic fittings
And now a small photo gallery showing the impressive variety of all kinds of fittings that are presented on our market.
Steel chrome fittings
Copper fittings
Plastic fittings (PVC)
A coupling is necessary to combine two pipe sections of the same diameter into one line. If the pipes have different diameters, you will need adapter. Used frequently drive is a tube of steel with an external thread, usually available in small lengths up to 30 cm long.
Squeezing is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline and connect pipe sections that can be disconnected at any time. The plug is needed to block the end of the pipe. If pipes made from various materials, then specialized fittings are required to connect them, some of which are shown in the figure below.
A variety of fittings for connecting pipes made of different materials
How is a steel pipe connected to a copper pipe? For this purpose, a fitting is used, at one end of which there is a thread for fixing to steel pipe. There are no threads on the other end; it is completely smooth, since the copper pipe will be attached by soldering.
When installing a pipe into such a fitting, the threads should be wrapped with plastic sealing tape, after which the coupling is screwed onto the pipe. Such a sealing tape is necessary to prevent corrosion from starting in the area where two types of metal are joined.
Another example is a fitting made of steel and plastic. It is also made of two parts. The first part looks like a nut with a threaded segment that screws into a steel pipe. The other part is plastic, with a gasket and nut also made of plastic.
Standard fitting consisting of steel and plastic parts
The nut is screwed onto another extension of the first part, which has external thread. Next, a special solvent is used to attach the plastic insert to the plastic pipe.
There is also a popular fitting made of plastic and copper, which also includes two components. The first component has two ends. One is made of copper and has a thread, but the other end is completely smooth - it is this that is attached to the copper pipe by soldering.
Plastic fitting with copper thread
The other component is a plastic nut with a spacer. The nut is screwed onto copper thread, and its other end is glued to a plastic pipe.
Soldering is used to connect copper pipes, but plastic pipes are connected with a specialized glue or solvent. As for cast iron risers, bushings are usually not used to connect pipes.
Standard method for joining fittings and cast iron pipes without the use of bushings
Sleeves made of neoprene rubber are used to seal the joints of sewer pipes. In this case, the sleeve itself is fixed with a casing made of stainless steel.
The following figure shows options for some pipe connections without bushings.
Standard fittings for connecting cast iron pipes without the use of bushings
To attach the casing directly, conventional casings are used.
Consider the use of special fittings for plastic polypropylene pipes. Types of fittings, their purpose and characteristics.
Materials such as plastic, cast iron and copper are used to make sewer pipes. When constructing underground sewers located outside a building, glazed ceramic pipes are usually used.
However, it is not uncommon for only a specific type of pipe to be permitted in a certain area. You can find out this from local authorities.
The ideal sewer pipe option is cast iron pipe. It is perfect for creating collectors, sewer risers, sun beds and ventilation. Any cast iron pipes come in two types - internal and heavy. Standard length cast iron pipe is 1.5 meters.
Cast iron pipe for toilet
Copper pipes, which have a yellow label, can also be used for sewer pipelines any type.
Separately worth mentioning ceramic pipes, coating with a special glaze. Such pipes are reliably protected from the influence of sewage waste, be it various alkalis or acids.
As a rule, ceramic pipes are used as the basis of the underground collector of a house, at a distance of up to 1.5 meters from the foundation. The pipes are laid up to the city sewer or settling tank.
It is not recommended to use ceramic pipes inside the house.
They are actively used both inside and outside the house. PVC pipes and ABS. The connection of copper and plastic pipes is carried out in the same way as water pipes. Detailed review each type of pipe will be presented in the following articles.
Copper components for pipeline installation are not inferior to analogues made from other materials, and are even ahead in terms of durability and resistance to temperatures. However, the reliability and functionality of copper communications completely depends on the quality of the connection nodes.
Fittings and pipes made of high-quality copper are not inferior in technical qualities components for pipelines made from other popular materials. Unlike iron-based alloys, copper does not rust at all. In addition, it is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, extremely low and high temperatures, whereas polymer compounds are equally destructive sunlight, frost and intense heat. Copper pipes weigh little, are easy to transport, store and install.
All these positive traits allow copper pipe products to remain popular as components for installation of systems:
Since copper components are used in areas where even the slightest leaks are unacceptable, high demands are placed on copper pipeline components. When connecting pipes, it is important to ensure not only maximum reliability and tightness, but also to prevent chemical processes, which will negatively affect the composition working environment and the condition of the pipeline.
To install the pipeline, you can use shaped elements from different materials:
Note! To connect copper pipes, you cannot use fittings made of black steel, even if it is chrome-plated or galvanized. With unalloyed steel, copper reacts, as a result of which the shaped element may collapse.
All connecting fittings is divided into several types according to the functions performed:
