Regardless of the number of draft dodgers, which is recorded annually after the completion of conscription campaigns, there have always been enough guys who would like to devote their lives to the army. There are usually two career trends here. The first is to remain in the army under a contract after military service. However, under such circumstances one cannot count on an officer rank. An alternative is to enroll in a higher military educational institution.
It should be recalled that service in some law enforcement agencies, which is equivalent to military service, is no less prestigious and desirable, but you can often get into such a structure after completing military service. Moreover, military everyday life in elite troops is the key to any employment.
The navy in the dreams of young men occupies the same status as Airborne Forces, special forces or MP. The dream can not only come true, but also lead to serious career growth if you fulfill a few not so difficult requirements.
The next step, which can bring a guy significantly closer to serving in the navy, is an application to the military registration and enlistment office. And yet the decisive moment will be the demand for young replenishment, which is determined already at the distribution point. As they say in army slang, everything depends on the availability of a buyer.
Even having devoted an article to an issue covering ranks in the Russian Navy and Marine Corps, one cannot do without mentioning the merits of this type of troops in the defense capability of the state. Considering the fact that the length of Russia’s maritime borders is about 40 thousand kilometers, only a reliable, powerful fleet can prevent a threat from the sea.
Depending on their bases, they distinguish between the Northern Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet, the Pacific Fleet, the Baltic Fleet and the Caspian Fleet. The sovereignty of a country is a guarantee of the security of every citizen. Navy has a rather complex structure, it is represented by submarine and surface forces, naval aviation and the marine corps. Each unit has its own personal mission, military personnel wear distinctive uniforms, and there are also certain differences in ranks.
In the army there is a clear distribution of rights and responsibilities of all personnel. Moreover, a strict hierarchy is implemented through military ranks. All these ranks can be divided into two types: military and naval. Moreover, military ranks are not necessarily assigned only in ground forces Oh. On the other side, ship ranks not only those who serve on the ship.
The two types of titles only differ in pronunciation, but general structure hierarchy is the same. Thus, we can distinguish non-officer and officers. Each military rank will correspond to a specific ship rank. Military personnel are allowed to maintain subordination shoulder straps .
For greater clarity, it is necessary not only to list all the ship ranks, but also to draw an analogy with the military ones, since it is the latter that are studied in sufficient detail in the life safety course of the section of initial military training. It becomes clear why confusion arises among the younger generation precisely when trying to arrange hierarchical ranks in ascending order. Navy, after all, no time is allocated at school for naval ranks with their shoulder straps.
The most junior rank that a sailor receives upon enlistment is sailor. Since 1946, this rank was renamed from the previously existing “red naval officer”, which still corresponds to private in the ground forces. On the sailor’s shoulder strap there is only the letter “F”, corresponding to the navy.
For excellent achievements in military service sailor may be promoted to senior seaman. They are on the same level as corporals and can be appointed to the position of squad commander. The senior sailor's shoulder strap contains one metal strip or golden-colored fabric strip.
Increasing rank in the navy involves conferring the title " foreman 2 articles" NCOs begin with it, and in military names it is positioned as Lance Sergeant. The two stripes on the shoulder strap are absolutely similar to the corresponding land rank. The only difference is the color.
Until now, the ship ranks considered were at least in some way consonant with the land ranks. Purely maritime term - midshipman means the rank that is assigned to a military personnel after graduating from the appropriate school. On land, similar provisions apply to warrant officers. Midshipman And senior midshipman on the shoulder straps they have two or three stars, respectively, located lengthwise.
Officer ranks begin with lieutenant. At this level of ranking there are no differences, even shoulder straps the same. Along the shoulder strap there is a golden stripe, which designates a group of junior officers. A junior lieutenant has one star, a lieutenant has two, and a senior lieutenant has three. Three stars are arranged in a triangle, two across the shoulder strap and one along.
A naval rank that crowns a group of junior officer ranks, as opposed to the combined arms rank " captain", is listed as captain-lieutenant. Two stars across the shoulder strap and two along it give the right to receive the position of commander of a warship. The rank of lieutenant commander is awarded to a senior lieutenant only after 4 years of service.
Senior officer ranks begin with captain 3rd rank. Logically, it is clear that it corresponds to the rank of major. In sailor slang, the title sounds like “captri”. Accordingly, next comes “kapdva” or “kaptorang”, as well as “kapraz” or “kaperang”. The origin of these abbreviations is quite clear. Shoulder straps in the number and arrangement of stars they resemble lieutenant stars, only the status of the senior officer is emphasized by two stripes running lengthwise.
It should be noted that not only in Russia, but also in a number of other countries, the ranks of the navy are defined in a similar way. The highest officer rank begins with rear admiral. It can be said that vice admiral- This is the third most senior person in the fleet. Next come titles such as admiral And fleet admiral .
Now let's move on to military ranks. They are presented in ascending order as follows: major general , lieutenant general , Colonel General And army General . Shoulder straps they do not contain stripes, but the stars denoting gradation are larger in size than those of senior officers. It is noteworthy that the number of ranks from sailor to fleet admiral is the same as from private to army general. It is necessary to harmonize military and naval ranks for two reasons: they are all subordinate to the marshal; in operations in which several types of troops participate simultaneously, for effective interaction, a chain of command must be clearly established.
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The Navy, abbreviated as VMF, is the name of the Russian Navy. Is the successor to the USSR Navy and Navy Russian Empire. Goals and objectives: deterrence from use military force or the threat of its use against Russia, protection by military methods of the country’s sovereignty, extending beyond its land territory to its internal sea waters and territorial sea, sovereign rights in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental
Navy is the name of the Russian Navy. It is the successor to the USSR Navy and the Russian Empire Navy.
Navy vehicle license plate code -45.
Name There are two options for spelling the name of the fleet, the Navy of the Russian Federation, all words with a capital letter, the Navy of the Russian Federation. The first option is recommended by specialists of the Internet portal Gramota.ru, Sailor Senior Sailor Petty Officer 2 articles Petty Officer 1 article Chief Petty Officer Chief Petty Officer Junior Lieutenant Lieutenant Senior Lieutenant Lieutenant Commander Captain 3rd rank Captain 2nd rank Captain 1st rank Rear Admiral Vice Admiral The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations
. Wearing a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel
armed forces
Naval chevrons and stripes are in demand in both military and civilian life. Sailors wear patches with the symbols of ships and organizations, and military personnel wear Navy chevrons. Each maritime and river service has its own emblem; it is placed on the personnel’s clothing.
Navy patches A separate theme related to the sea is the navy's military patches. The patches of the Marine Corps and other units are subject to strict regulations.
Emblem of the Naval Forces of the Russian Navy Arms emblem of the Russian Navy Flags of the Naval Forces of the Russian Navy Date of adoption 07/21/1992 Flags of the Russian Navy were approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation 798 On naval flags and pennants of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 1992. Stern flags, guis and pennant of the Russian Navy Naval flag of Russia St. Andrew's flag The Russian Marine Corps has existed for more than 300 years. For the first time such references to such units refer to Northern War
in 1705. Until 1917, they were called naval soldiers. To date, it is still an important part of the army, having its own distinctive signs and anthem.
A bit of history The first unit of the Navy was designed to carry out quick strikes from the sea during the war with Sweden. Initially it was a relatively small unit,
Casual uniform Army and Air Force officers Female Navy personnel Admirals and generals of the Navy High-ranking Army officers Navy cadets and soldiers Navy officers Navy Air Force soldiers Female Air Force military personnel Dress uniform Admirals of the Navy High-ranking Air Force officers Cadets and The uniform of the Russian Navy has a rather long history. Over the decades, it has undergone and is undergoing many changes and the emergence of new and different versions of it. In this article we will look at a brief history of the form, its various variations and principles of wearing. History of naval dress The history of the Navy uniform dates back to the time of Peter the Great. By order of the powerful manager-emperor in 1696, the Boyar Duma adopted
NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING NAVAL UNIFORM, ORDERS AND MEDALS BY MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE NAVAL FORCES. NAVAL PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR. Moscow-1952 Order of the Minister of the Navy USSR Chapter I General provisions
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Related Products The sailor collar is part of the dress uniform of enlisted personnel of the Navy and is worn with a flannel jacket. The uniform sailor collar also has the slang name Guys (guys - the bow flag of a ship) It is made of dark cotton fabric of blue color
, with three white stripes along the edges. Blue lining At the ends of the collar there is one loop, in the middle of the neckline on the shirt there are two buttons for fastening the collar Winter Jacket for ground forces, navy and air force reliably protects against wind and snow. The insulation retains heat well, weighs little, does not deform, and does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection from severe frosts . FEATURES Cold Protection Regular Fit Military Operations Only handwash
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Winter jacket for the ground forces, navy and air force reliably protects against wind and snow. The insulation retains heat well, weighs little, does not deform, and does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection from severe frosts. CHARACTERISTICS Cold protection Regular cut For military operations Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation The MPA-35 suit is designed for comfortable work employees of the Ministry of Defense in hot weather
. Consists of trousers and a jacket with long sleeves. The sleeves have reinforced pads in the elbow area. The bottom of the jacket is adjustable in volume. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather Regular cut For work in the headquarters MATERIALS Gabardine (100% polye)
Previously produced only in the USSR Double knitting ensures the thickness of the product Material: 100% Cotton
The staff suit consists of trousers and a shirt with short sleeves, made of lightweight fabric that does not wrinkle, does not fade or lose its shape even after numerous washes.
Casual suit for military personnel of the Russian Defense Ministry. Men's jacket: fastened at the waist with a zipper, with long sleeves, without lining. Turn-down collar with a stand-up collar and fastening of the corners with buttons. The pockets are fastened with contact tape. Below there are welt pockets “frame”, fastened with a zipper. The internal pocket for documents is fastened with a button. Trousers with a stitched belt fastened with a button. Color: Blue, green, black. Size: 88-132 Size: 84-100 Height: 158-200 Fabric: Rip-stop Fittings: Reinforced Color: blue, green, black. Material: rip-stop.
Standard (135x90) souvenir tabletop (on a stand) automobile (on a small stand with tape)
MPA-78 Light jacket provides excellent protection from wind, thanks to the stitched lining, removable hood and windproof strip. On the right and left shelves there are patch pockets fastened with textile fasteners. There are also front side welt pockets with a zipper. The sleeves are adjustable in width using tape and plastic patches (Velcro). Along the shoulder line there are false shoulder straps fastened with buttons. On the left side of the jacket lining there is a horizontal zippered pocket. The demi-season jacket of the Ministry of Defense provides excellent protection from wind thanks to the stitched lining, removable hood and windproof flap. On the right and left shelves there are patch pockets fastened with textile fasteners. Appearance. Jacket straight silhouette on an insulated stitched lining, with a central side zipper, with an external windproof flap, with a drawstring along the waist line. The front has a stitched yoke extending to the back, with upper welt pockets with flaps fastened with textile fasteners, side welt pockets fastened with a zipper. Set-in two-seam sleeves with stitched cuffs on an elastic band and plastic patches (Velcro) at the bottom to adjust the width. Along the shoulder line there are shoulder straps with false shoulder straps, fastened with buttons. Stand collar. The hood is fastened with a zipper, consisting of three parts. The hood along the front neckline is adjustable with an elastic cord and clamps. On the left side of the jacket lining there is a horizontal zippered pocket. Characteristics protection from cold protection from rain and wind regular cut Materials rip-stop membrane
An order of 1921 approved a cap for sailors of the Navy of the Navy of the Russian Federation, abbreviated as the Russian Navy, the name of the Russian Navy. It is the successor to the USSR Navy and the Russian Empire Navy. License plate code... View all products belonging to the Navy Department of the Soviet (Russian) Fleet. Since then, the cap has remained virtually unchanged. Initially, the name of the ship or naval crew where the sailor served was stamped on the cap's ribbon. IN Soviet time(1949) for the sake of maintaining secrecy, the names of the ships were replaced with the names of the fleets (an exception was made only for the cruiser Aurora and the names of naval schools). Then only the inscription “Navy” was left altogether. Currently, the tradition of indicating the name of the ship on the ribbon is returning.
Vest with thermal underwear properties Provides effective removal of moisture from the body during heavy physical activity Anatomical cut Flat seams The fabric does not irritate the skin Dries quickly Material: 90% CoolPass - a unique profiled polyester fiber with increased capillary properties, quickly removes moisture from the surface of the body 10% Elastane - artificial fiber providing high elasticity of the product Product weight: 44-46/170-176 size -213 g 52-54/182-188 size -239 g 56-58/182-188 size -244 g REVIEWS : Review on the "Russel" website. Everyone who had to wear a vest as part of their service treats it very tenderly. Telnyashka Telnyashka (colloquial vest) is a naval undershirt (hence the name). Made from knitted fabric with alternating horizontal blue and white stripes. In Russian... Find out about the vest from the Encyclopedia has always been not only a form, but a kind of symbol of involvement in one or another brotherhood. Tourists and travelers, crews of sailing and rafting catamarans have also always loved these clothes. Telnyashka Telnyashka (colloquial vest) is a naval undershirt (hence the name). Made from knitted fabric with alternating horizontal blue and white stripes. In Russian... Find out about the vest from the Active Encyclopedia - a gift for romantics who are haunted by the rustling of waves, the smell of salty wind and the cries of seagulls. It is made of fabric that combines high elasticity, thanks to which thermal underwear is functional underwear, the main purpose of which is to retain heat and/or remove moisture from the surface of the body, is used both for everyday wear,... Learn about thermal underwear from the Encyclopedia tightly fits the body, and has moisture-wicking properties. This allows you to stay dry even with very active movement. The anatomical cut, flat seams and pleasant fabric are designed to ensure that your skin tolerates your hobbies as easily as possible.
Uniform skirt m. 7122 Color: blue, green, black. Material: rip-stop. SIZES OF SKIRTS AND WOMEN'S TROUSERS SIZE Height Waist circumference Hip circumference 40 152.158 60.2 84 164.170 57.8 176 55.4 42 152.158 64.4 88 164.170 62 176 59.6 44 152.158 68, 6 92 164.170 66.2 176 63, 8 46 152.158 72.8 96 164.170 70.4 176 68 48 152.158 77 100 164.170 74.6 176 72.2 50 152.158 81.2 104 164.170 78.8 176 76.4 52 152.158 85.4 108 164.170 83 176 80, 6 54 152.158 89.6 112 164.170 87.2 176 84.8 56 152.158 93.8 116 164.170 91.4 176 89 58 152.158 98 120 164.170 95.6 176 93, 2 60 152.158 102.2 124 164.170 99.8 176 97.4 62 152.158 106.4 128 164.170 104 176 101.6
The staff suit consists of trousers and a jacket with long sleeves made of wool blend fabric.
The Navy office uniform is designed for long-term everyday wear in the office. Rip-stop fabric is ideal for long-term use, Navy office uniforms are designed to last winter period. The office uniform suit includes a jacket and trousers, all elements are equipped sealing rubber bands. The jacket itself and the side pockets are fastened with a zipper; Velcro is sewn on the sleeves of the jacket and the flaps of the chest pockets for quick fastening chevrons and special insignia. The style of the office uniform allows you to quickly put on and take off this suit, it does not restrict movement, is comfortable and practical to use. Color black Main features: office suit for the Navy and civil servants of the Defense Ministry Velcro on the jacket rip-stop fabric CHARACTERISTICS SUIT CHARACTERISTICS Material: rip-stop Composition: 70/30 Density: 220 gr. Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: winter option Additionally: Navy statutory office uniform You can additionally purchase.
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, two types of ranks have been established for persons undergoing military service - military and naval. IN ancient Rus' The presence of insignia and certain military units formed on a permanent basis was completely excluded. The division of the then still pitiful semblance of a standing army into separate formations took place in accordance with the number of soldiers who were in one or another formation. The principle was as follows: ten warriors - a unit called the “ten”, led by the “ten”. Then everything is in the same spirit.
Under Ivan the Terrible, and later under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, this system underwent some changes: Streltsy hundreds appeared, and military ranks appeared in them. At that time, the hierarchy of ranks was the following list:
Of course, between all the above ranks and the ranks that currently exist, the following analogy can be drawn: a foreman is a warrior, in our time performing the duties of a sergeant, or a foreman, a pentecostal is a lieutenant, and a centurion, respectively, is a captain.
After some time, already during the reign of Peter the Great, the hierarchical system of ranks was again transformed to the following:
The year 1654 became outstanding in the history of the formation of military ranks in Russia. It was then that for the first time in the history of Russia the rank of general was awarded. Its first owner was Alexander Ulyanovich Leslie, the leader of the operation to capture and liberate Smolensk.
One of the largest political events of the 20th century that occurred in Russia, namely the October Revolution of 1917, became the last stage towards the formation of an established system of military ranks, which has not undergone any changes for a whole century.
Ship ranks can simply be listed in order of seniority (lowest to highest) due to their full correspondence with the land equivalent:
As with military ranks, the highest military rank for the navy is Marshal of the Russian Federation.
What is very noteworthy is that naval and military military ranks are also assigned to the following formations: the security forces of the Russian Federation - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc., as well as water border formations that ensure security near coastal borders.
Now let's turn to the shoulder straps. With them, unlike titles, things are somewhat more complicated.
Shoulder straps are usually distinguished according to the following series of criteria:
There is another important criterion - the form of clothing. Accordingly, the army does not have the widest selection of clothing, which is allowed according to the regulations. More precisely, there are only three of them: everyday uniform, field uniform and dress uniform.
Let's start with a description of the everyday uniform and the shoulder straps that come with it:
The everyday uniform of non-officers includes shoulder straps with two narrow stripes along the edges of the longitudinal part. Such shoulder straps can be seen on the shoulders of privates, non-commissioned officers, and warrant officers. All these images are presented above in the sections of military and ship ranks.
Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of officers are divided into three more subtypes:
An interesting fact is that on February 22, 2013, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that on the shoulder straps of army generals and admirals of the Russian Navy there will be one star with a diameter of 40 mm instead of 4 stars in one line as before. The corresponding image is presented above.
These features can be seen in more detail in the picture: 
It was not long before military clothing became comfortable and practical. Initially, her beauty was valued more than the qualities mentioned a little earlier. Fortunately, when Alexandra III(third) came the understanding that rich uniforms are too expensive. It was then that practicality and convenience began to be considered the primary value.
In certain periods of time, the soldier's uniform resembled ordinary peasant attire. Even in the conditions of the already existing Red Army, little attention was paid to the fact that there was no uniform military uniform. The only distinctive sign of all soldiers was a red bandage on their sleeves and hats.
Even shoulder straps managed to be replaced for some time with ordinary triangles and squares, and only in 1943 were they returned as distinctive signs.
By the way, to this day, military personnel of the Russian Federation wear a uniform that was designed by the well-known fashion designer V. Yudashkin in 2010.
If you have read the entire article and are interested in testing your knowledge, then we suggest taking the test -
Since the time when the boats of our distant ancestors began to accommodate not one, but several people, the one who steered the boat with a steering oar began to stand out among them, while the rest, following his instructions, rowed or set the sail. This man, who enjoyed the unlimited confidence of the crew, since he was able to steer the ship, relying on own experience and intuition, and was the first helmsman, navigator and captain all rolled into one.
Subsequently, as the size of ships grew, so did the number of people required to set the ship in motion and control it. A natural division of labor began, when everyone became responsible for their specific business and, all together, for the successful outcome of the voyage. This is how gradation and specialization began among seafarers - positions, titles, and specialties appeared.
History has not preserved the first names of those whose destiny was navigation, but it can be assumed that already thousands of years before our era, the coastal peoples had terms that defined people’s belonging to the maritime profession.
One of the seven estate castes in Ancient Egypt there was a caste of helmsmen. These were brave people, almost suicide bombers according to Egyptian standards. The fact is that, leaving the country, they were deprived of the protection of their native gods...
The first reliable information about the system of naval ranks dates back to the times Ancient Greece; it was later adopted by the Romans. Arab sailors developed their own system of maritime knowledge. Thus, the word “admiral”, derived from the Arabic “amir al bahr”, which means “lord of the seas,” has become firmly established in all European languages. Europeans learned about many of these Arabic terms from the oriental tales “A Thousand and One Nights,” in particular from “The Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor.” And the very name of Sinbad - a collective image of Arab merchants - is a distortion of the Indian word “Sindhaputi” - “ruler of the sea”: this is how the Indians called shipowners.
After the 13th century, a distinctive system of naval ranks arose among the southern Slavs: shipowner - "brodovlastnik" (from "brod" - ship), sailor - "brodar" or "ladyar", oarsman - "oarer", captain - "leader", crew - “posada”, head of the naval forces - “Pomeranian governor”.
In pre-Petrine Russia there were no naval ranks and there could not have been, since the country did not have access to the sea. However, river navigation was very developed, and in some historical documents of those times there are Russian names for ship positions: captain - “head”, pilot - “vodich”, senior over the crew - “ataman”, signalman - “makhonya” (from “waving” ). Our ancestors called sailors “sar” or “sara”, so in the menacing cry of the Volga robbers “Saryn to the kichka!” (on the bow of the ship!) "saryn" should be understood as "ship's crew."
In Rus', the shipowner, captain and merchant in one person were called “shipman”, or guest. The original meaning of the word “guest” (from the Latin hostis) is “stranger.” In Romance languages it went through the following path of semantic changes: stranger - foreigner - enemy. In the Russian language, the development of the semantics of the word “guest” took the opposite path: stranger - foreigner - merchant - guest. (A. Pushkin in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” uses the words “guests-gentlemen” and “shipmen” as synonyms.)
Although under Peter I the word “shipman” was supplanted by new, foreign-language ones, it existed as a legal term in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire until 1917.
The first document in which, along with the old Russian words “shipman” and “feeder”, foreign words were found, was the “Article Articles” of David Butler, who led the team of the first warship “Eagle”. This document was a prototype of the Maritime Charter. On translation from Dutch hand Peter I wrote: “The articles are correct, against which all ship captains or initial ship men deserve to be used.”
During the reign of Peter I himself, a stream of new, hitherto unknown job titles and titles poured into Russia. “For this reason,” he considered it necessary to “create” the Naval Regulations, so that on every large and small ship “everyone knew his position, and no one would excuse himself by ignorance.”
Let's try to take at least a quick look at the history of the origin of the main terms related to the composition of the ship's crew - the crew of a yacht or boat.
BATTALER- the one who manages clothing and food supplies. The word has nothing to do with “battle”, since it comes from the Dutch bottelen, which means “to pour into bottles,” hence bottelier - cupbearer.
BOATSWAIN- the one who monitors order on deck, the serviceability of the spar and rigging, manages general ship work, and trains sailors in maritime affairs. Derived from the Dutch boot or English boat - “boat” and man - “man”. In English, along with boatsman, or “boat (ship) man”, there is the word boatswain - this is the name of the “senior boatswain”, who has several “junior boatswains” under his command (boatswain’mate, where our old “boatswain’s mate” comes from).
In Russian, the word “boatswain” is first found in D. Butler’s “Article Articles” in the forms “botsman” and “butman”. There, for the first time, the scope of his responsibilities was defined. In the merchant navy, this rank was officially introduced only in 1768.
WATCH MAN- this initially “land” word came into the Russian language from German (via Poland), in which Wacht means “guard, guard.” If we talk about maritime terminology, then the Naval Charter of Peter I includes the word “watchman” borrowed from Dutch.
DRIVER- helmsman on a boat. IN given value This Russian word appeared recently as a direct translation of the English driver. However, in the domestic maritime language it is not so new: in the pre-Petrine era, words of the same root - “vodich”, “ship leader” - were used to call pilots.
“Navigator” is a currently existing and purely official term (for example, in maritime law), as is “amateur navigator” - in the meaning of “captain”, “skipper” of a small recreational and tourist fleet.
DOCTOR- a completely Russian word, it has the same root as the word “liar”. They come from the Old Russian verb “to lie” with a primary meaning of “talk nonsense, idle talk, speak” and a secondary meaning of “conspiracy”, “heal”.
CAPTAIN- sole commander on the ship. This word came to us in a complex way, entering the language from medieval Latin: capitaneus, which is derived from caput - “head”. It appears for the first time in written records in 1419.
The military rank of “captain” first appeared in France - this was the name given to the commanders of detachments numbering several hundred people. In the navy, the title "captain" probably came from the Italian capitano. On the galleys, the captain was the first assistant to the “saprokomit” in military matters; he was responsible for the training of soldiers and officers, led in boarding battles, and personally defended the flag. This practice was later adopted by sailing military and even merchant ships, which hired armed detachments for protection. Even in the 16th century, those who could better protect the interests of the crown or the shipowner were often appointed to the position of first person on a ship, since military qualities were valued above maritime knowledge and experience. Thus, the title “captain” became mandatory on warships of almost all nations from the 17th century. Later, captains began to be divided into ranks in strict accordance with the rank of the ship.
In Russian, the title "captain" has been known since 1615. The first "ship captains" were David Butler, who led the crew of the ship "Eagle" in 1699, and Lambert Jacobson Gelt, who led the crew of the yacht built together with the "Eagle". Then the title of “captain” received official status in the Amusement Troops of Peter I (Peter himself was the captain of the bombardment company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment). In 1853, the rank of captain in the navy was replaced by "ship commander". On ships of the ROPiT since 1859 and the Voluntary Fleet since 1878, skippers from military fleet officers began to be unofficially called “captains,” and officially this rank in the civilian fleet was introduced in 1902 to replace “skipper.”
COOK- a cook on a ship, so called since 1698. The word came into the Russian language from Dutch. Derived from Lat. cocus - "cook".
COMMANDER- head of the yacht club, leader of a joint trip of several yachts. Initially it was one of the highest degrees in knightly orders, then, during the times crusades, - the rank of commander of an army of knights. The word is derived from the Latin: the preposition cum - “with” and the verb mandare - “to order”.
In the Russian Navy early XVIII century, the officer rank of “commander” was introduced (between a captain of the 1st rank and a rear admiral; it still exists in foreign fleets). The commanders wore admiral's uniforms, but epaulettes without an eagle. Since 1707, instead of it, the title of “captain-commander” was awarded, which was finally abolished in 1827. This title was held by outstanding navigators V. Bering, A.I. Chirikov, and one of the last - I.F. Krusenstern.
CILEM(English cooper, Dutch Kuiper - “cooper”, “cooper”, from kuip - “tub”, “tub”) - a very important position on wooden ships. He not only maintained the barrels and tubs in good condition, but also monitored the watertightness of the ship's hull. Foreign word“kupor” quickly entered everyday Russian speech, forming the derivatives “cork” and “uncork.”
PILOT- a person who knows the local navigation conditions and takes upon himself the safe navigation and mooring of the vessel. Usually this is a middle-aged navigator, about whom sailors jokingly, remembering the lights installed for the pilot vessel, say: “White hair - red nose.” Initially, the pilots were crew members, but in XIII-XV centuries there appear those who work only in their own specific area. The Dutch called such a “pilot” a “pilot” (loodsman, from lood - “lead”, “sinker”, “lot”). The first document regulating the activities of pilots appeared in Denmark (the “Naval Code” of 1242), and the first state pilotage service was organized in England in 1514.
In Rus', the pilot was called the “ship’s leader,” and his assistant, who measured the depth at the bow with a lot, was often called the “noser.” In 1701, by decree of Peter I, the term “pilot” was introduced, but until the middle of the 18th century the term “pilot” could also be found. The first state pilotage service in Russia was created in 1613 in Arkhangelsk, and the first manual for them was the instructions for pilots of the St. Petersburg port, published in 1711 by Admiral K. Kruys.
SAILOR- perhaps the “darkest” word in origin. All that is known for certain is that it came to us in the 17th century from the Dutch sea tongue in the form of “matros”. And although in the Naval Charter of 1724 the form “sailor” is already found, until the middle of the 19th century “matros” was still more common. It can be assumed that this word comes from the Dutch mattengenoot - “bed mate”: matta - “matting”, “mat”, and genoot - “comrade”.
In the middle of the century, the word mattengenoot, in the truncated form matten, came to France and was transformed into the French matelot - sailor. And after some time, this same “matlo” returned to Holland again and, unrecognized by the Dutch, turned first into matrso, and then into the more easily pronounced matroos.
There is another interpretation. Some etymologists see the Dutch matt - “comrade” in the first part of the word, others - mats - “mast”. Some scholars see Viking heritage in this word: in Icelandic, for example, mati - “comrade” and rosta - “battle”, “fight”. And together “matirosta” means “combat friend”, “comrade in arms”.
DRIVER- the word is relatively young. It appeared at a time when sails in the navy began to be replaced steam engine, and borrowed from it. Mashinist (from the Old Greek machina), but first noted in Russian in 1721! Naturally, at that time this maritime specialty did not yet exist.
MECHANIC- the origin is similar to the word “machinist”, but in the Russian language in the form “mechanicus” it was noted even earlier - in 1715.
SAILOR- a person who has chosen the maritime profession as his destiny. This profession is believed to be about 9,000 years old. Our ancestors called its representatives “morenin”, “sailor” or “sailor”. The root "hod" is very ancient. The expression “walking on the sea” is found already in the chronicle when describing the campaign of Prince Oleg to Constantinople in 907. One can also recall “Walking across the Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin.
IN modern language the root “move” was fixed in the terms “seaworthiness”, “navigability”, “propulsion”, etc. Peter I tried to instill the foreign Italian-French name for a military sailor - “mariner” (from the Latin mare - sea). It has been found since 1697 in the forms “mari-nir”, “marinal”, but by the end of the 18th century it fell out of use, leaving only a trace in the word “midshipman”. Another Dutch term, “zeeman” or “zeiman,” suffered the same fate. It existed only until the end of the first quarter of the 19th century.
PILOT- driver (less often - navigator) of a racing boat; an obvious borrowing from aviation “as a sign of respect” for high speeds. During times early Middle Ages this was the personal rank of the pilot who accompanied the ship throughout the entire passage from the port of departure to the port of destination. This word came to us through the Italian pilota, and its roots are ancient Greek: pedotes - “helmsman”, derived from pedon - “oar”.
STEERING- the one who directly controls the progress of the ship, standing at the helm. The word goes back to the Dutch pyp ("rudder") and in this form is mentioned in the Naval Regulations of 1720 ("Inspect the Ruhr before going on a voyage"). By the middle of the 18th century, the word "ruhr" finally replaced the ancient Russian "helm", however, the title of "steerman" was officially retained in the Russian galley fleet until the last decade of the same century.
SALAGA- inexperienced sailor. Contrary to the original “interpretations”, for example, on the topic of a historical anecdote about the mythical island of Alag (“Where are you from?” “From Alag”), the prosaic version is closer to the truth, connecting this word with “herring” - small fish. “Salaga” in some Russian dialects, mainly in the northern provinces, has long been the name for small fish. In the Urals, the use of the word “herring” as a nickname has been recorded, that is, in the meaning of “new fish.”
SIGNALMAN- a sailor who transmits messages from ship to ship or to shore by means of manual semaphore or raising signal flags. The word “signal” came to us under Peter I through the German Signal from Latin (signum - “sign”).
STARPO- both parts of this word come from Old Slavonic roots. The senior (from the stem "hundred") here has the meaning of "chief", because it should be the most experienced of the captain's assistants. And “helper” originates from the now lost noun “moga” - “strength, might” (its traces have been preserved in the words “help”, “nobleman”, “infirmity”).
SKIPPER- captain of a civil ship. The word represents the "namesake" of the "shipman" - "schipor", and then goll. schipper (from schip - "ship"). Some etymologists see the formation from a word from Norman (Old Scand. Skipar) or Danish (skipper) with the same meaning. Others point to the closeness of the word to the German Schiffer (from schiff(s)herr - “lord, captain of the ship”).
In Russian, the word first appears at the beginning of the 18th century as a junior officer rank. According to the Naval Regulations, the skipper had to “see that the ropes were well folded and that they lay neatly in the interior”; “in throwing and taking out the anchor, you are responsible for beating [beatings] and watching over the tying of the anchor rope.”
In the merchant fleet, the navigator's rank of skipper was introduced only in 1768 with mandatory passing of exams at the Admiralty. In 1867, the title was divided into long-distance and coastal skippers, and in 1902 it was abolished, although the position of “under-skipper” - the keeper of the ship’s deck supplies - on large ships still exists, as does the word “skipper’s storeroom”.
Shkotovy- a sailor working on sheets (from the Dutch schoot - floor). The word "sheet" (gear for controlling the clew angle of a sail) first appears in the Naval Regulations of 1720 in the form "sheet".
NAVIGATOR- navigation specialist. This word in Russian was first noted in the form “sturman” in the “Article Articles” of D. Butler, then in “Painting of supplies for the barcolon...” by K. Kruys (1698) in the forms “sturman” and “sturman” and finally, in the Naval Charter of 1720 it is found modern form words. And it comes from the Dutch stuur - “steering wheel”, “to rule”. During the heyday of navigation, when the ships of the Dutch East India Company were already sailing the waters of the Indian Ocean and the role of navigators increased enormously, the Dutch word “navigator” became international. So in the Russian language it replaced the ancient “helmsman” or “kormshchiy” (from “stern”, where since ancient times there was a ship control post). According to the “Article Articles”, the navigator had to inform the captain “the acquired height of the pole (pole) and show his notebook about the ship’s navigation and the book of the sea navigation in order to best advise on the preservation of the ship and people...”.
CABIN BOY- a boy on a ship studying seamanship. This word appeared in Russian vocabulary under Peter I (from the Dutch jongen - boy). At that time, there were “cabin cabin boys” recruited as servants, and “deck cabin boys” for deck work. Many famous admirals began their naval service as cabin boys, including the “admiral of admirals” - Horatio Nelson.
The ranks of sailors are somewhat different from the ranks of the ground, missile, space forces, airborne forces, and air force. Let's take a closer look at this classification, starting with an idea of what ranks exist in the Russian Armed Forces.
In total, there are two types of ranks for the military in our state - military and ship (sea) ranks. Their list is established in the Federal Law "On military duty and military service."
Naval ranks assigned to seamen:
Components of the Navy:
Let's look at each one briefly:
IN navy two main categories of shoulder straps: for officers and for junior personnel.
Midshipmen, foremen and sailors:
Officer naval ranks and shoulder straps:
Sailors wear shoulder straps without insignia; only senior sailors have one transverse stripe (galloon).
Petty officers have insignia - stripes, fabric braids yellow color(for both everyday and festive uniforms). Naval ranks:
Midshipmen's shoulder straps are somewhat similar to those of officers, but are made without gaps (vertical sewn stripes); edgings can be added. The insignia is small vertical stars. Naval ranks:
Junior officer naval ranks of Russia wear one gap on their shoulder straps (a yellow vertically located sewn stripe). Standard size metal stars - 13 mm. Differences:
Senior officer ranks of the navy already have two clearances and the stars on their shoulder straps are larger - 20 mm. Differences:
Senior officers wear shoulder straps without gaps with large embroidered stars (22 mm):
In the navy, in addition to shoulder straps, officers also have insignia on the sleeves of their uniforms - yellow stripes and stars. The latter for junior and senior officers are filled with a solid yellow stripe, and for senior staff An anchor is embroidered inside the outline of the star. The width and number of stripes vary by rank:
Military and naval ranks correspond as follows:
| Marshal of the Russian Federation | |
| Fleet Admiral | Army General |
| Admirals | Colonel Generals |
| Vice Admirals | Major Generals |
| Rear admirals | Lieutenant Generals |
| Captains 1st rank | Colonels |
| Captains 2nd rank | Lieutenant Colonels |
| Captains 3rd rank | Majors |
| Captain-lieutenants | Captains |
| Lieutenants | |
| Junior lieutenants | |
| Senior midshipmen | Senior warrant officers |
| Midshipmen | Ensigns |
| Chief Petty Officers of the ship | Petty Officers |
| Petty Officers 1 article | Sergeants |
| Petty Officers 2 articles | Junior Sergeants |
| Senior sailors | Corporals |
| Sailors | Privates |
Naval ranks and insignia on shoulder straps in the Russian army are clearly structured, so they are quite easy to understand even with a superficial acquaintance.
In order to know exactly how, according to the regulations, you are supposed to address a military personnel, you need to understand the ranks. Ranks in the Russian Army and shoulder straps provide clarity in relationships and allow you to understand the chain of command. In the Russian Federation there is both a horizontal structure - military and naval ranks, and a vertical hierarchy - from the rank and file to the highest officers.
Private is the lowest military rank in the Russian Army. Moreover, the soldiers received this title in 1946, before that they were addressed exclusively as fighters or Red Army soldiers.
If the service is carried out in a guards military unit or on a guards ship, then when addressing a private, it is worth adding the same word "guard". If you want to contact a military personnel who is in the reserve and has a diploma of higher legal or medical education, then you should contact - "Private Justice", or "private medical service". Accordingly, it is worth adding the appropriate words to someone who is in reserve or retired.
In a ship, the rank of private corresponds to sailor.
Only senior soldiers who perform the best military service are given the rank Corporal. Such soldiers can act as commanders during the latter's absence.
All additional words that were applicable for a private remain relevant for a corporal. Only in the Navy, this rank corresponds to Senior sailor.
The one who commands a squad or combat vehicle receives the rank Lance Sergeant. In some cases, this rank is assigned to the most disciplined corporals upon transfer to the reserve, if such a staff unit was not provided for during service. In the ship's composition it is "sergeant major of the second article"
From November 1940 to Soviet army a rank appeared for junior command staff - sergeant. It is awarded to cadets who have successfully completed the sergeant training program and graduated with honors.
A private can also receive the rank - Lance Sergeant who has proven himself worthy to be appropriated another rank, or upon transfer to the reserve.
In the Navy, a sergeant of the ground forces corresponds to the rank foreman.
Next comes the Senior Sergeant, and in the Navy - chief petty officer.
After this rank, there is some overlap between land and sea forces. Because after senior sergeant, in the ranks of the Russian army appears Sergeant Major. This title came into use in 1935. Only the best military personnel who served excellently in sergeant positions for six months deserve it, or upon transfer to the reserve, the rank of sergeant major is awarded to senior sergeants certified with excellent results. On the ship it is - chief petty officer.
Next come warrant officers And midshipmen. This is a special category of military personnel, close to junior officers. Complete the rank and file, senior warrant officer and midshipman.
A number of junior officer ranks in the Russian Army begin with the rank Ensign. This title is awarded to final year students and graduates of higher military educational institutions. However, in case of a shortage of officers, a graduate of a civilian university can also receive the rank of junior lieutenant.
Lieutenant Only a junior lieutenant can become a junior lieutenant who has served a certain amount of time and received a positive educational certificate. Further - senior lieutenant.
And he closes the group of junior officers - Captain. This title sounds the same for both ground and naval forces.
By the way, the new field uniform from Yudashkin obligated our military personnel to duplicate insignia on the chest. There is an opinion that the “runaways” from the leadership do not see the ranks on our officers’ shoulders and this is done for their convenience. Senior officers begin with rank Major. In the navy, this rank corresponds to Captain 3rd rank. The following Navy ranks will only increase the rank of captain, that is, the rank of land Lieutenant Colonel will correspond Captain 2nd rank, and the rank Colonel – Captain 1st rank.
And the highest officer corps completes the hierarchy of military ranks in the Russian army.
Major General or Rear Admiral(in the navy) - such a proud title is worn by military personnel who command a division - up to 10 thousand people.
Above the Major General is Lieutenant General. (A lieutenant general is superior to a major general because a lieutenant general has two stars on his shoulder straps and a major general has one).
Initially, in the Soviet army, it was more likely not a rank, but a position, because the Lieutenant General was the general’s assistant and took on part of his functions, in contrast to Colonel General, who can personally fill senior positions, both in the General Staff and in the Ministry of Defense. In addition, in the Russian armed forces, a Colonel General may be the deputy commander of a military district.
And finally, the most important serviceman who has the highest military rank in the Russian army is Army General. All previous links must obey him.
About military ranks in video format:
Well, new guy, have you figured it out now?)
