Stolbur is a dangerous disease that can completely destroy tomatoes. The reason is a virus that penetrates plant tissue. The first symptoms are noticeable on young leaves. Timely detection of the disease and taking appropriate measures will help save most of the crop.
Explore characteristic features Numerous photos will help. Getting rid of the infection is very difficult. Therefore, prevention is so important for the growth of strong and healthy tomatoes.
The pathogen overwinters in the roots of perennial weeds. Insects become infected and spread the stolbur by feeding on the sap of the grass. The timing of damage to tomato beds depends on the activity of the pest and climatic conditions. The emergence of leafhoppers begins at the end of May, and by mid-July their population increases significantly. The disease usually appears in August, 30 days after plant infection. In cold weather, the disease develops more slowly. Phytoplasmosis most often affects plants in unprotected soil, mainly in the southern regions, because Leafhoppers require hot, dry weather to reproduce.
On a note!
The pillar of nightshade is not transmitted by seeds.
The causative agent of stolbur, having penetrated into the tissues of tomatoes, causes deviations in their growth. Biochemical processes are disrupted, which leads to irreversible changes in all parts of the plant. Phytoplasmosis in tomatoes is identified by the following symptoms:
Young plants affected by stolbur do not produce a full harvest. They become a source of infection. Infected bushes must be dug up by the roots and burned. If the first signs of phytoplasmosis appear during the period of fruit filling, the development of the disease can be delayed with the help of tetracycline antibiotics. Tomatoes are sprayed with a 1% solution every 3-4 days. Externally, the plants appear healthy, but after stopping treatment, signs of the disease appear again.
On a note!
If the virus affects tomatoes during fruit ripening, then 65-70% of the vegetables will be edible.
As special means Phytoplasmin is used. It has a bactericidal effect, is safe for people and is effective against stolbur. Tomatoes are sprayed with a 0.2-0.3% solution 2 times with a break of 10-14 days. Thanks to the drug, edible fruits begin to set and ripen even on infected bushes. It can be used once per season.
After harvesting the vegetables, the plants are destroyed, because the entire next crop will be contaminated. The soil is dug up deeply, and next year the tomatoes are planted in another place.
The fight against stolbur includes the following preventive measures:
There are very few tomato varieties that are immune to stolbur. Breeders cannot guarantee that a dangerous infection will not occur. It is possible to significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease if you plant the following varieties of tomatoes:
Relative resistance to stolbur is characteristic of the Phenomena F1 and Tribeca F1 hybrids. They are affected by phytoplasmosis much less frequently than conventional varieties.
On a note!
According to the research materials of the All-Russian Research Institute of Tomato Plants, tomato varieties that are characterized by good resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus are immune to stolbur.
A stolbur appears in a certain area and disappears if there are no further suitable conditions for its development. But just once is enough to cause significant damage. Infectious disease spreads quickly and spoils most of the crop. Preventive measures will help protect plantings from phytoplasma, which should be made into routine tomato care measures.
Is this a familiar situation when a seemingly normal tomato is difficult to bite through? And when cutting with a knife, you need to make an effort to cut the dense white tissue that occupies the central part of the tomato. And the taste of the fruit is not at all tomato-like. This is not just a drawback, it is the bright appearance of a rather serious disease that can destroy up to 50-70% of the crop or leave it completely without it.
With active growth of vegetative mass and early development due to disease, fruits may not set. With late damage, the ovaries may appear and ripen, but the taste, size and marketability of the tomatoes will be unsatisfactory.
Stolbur, or by another name, tomato phytoplasmosis (Stolbur of tomato) is a disease caused by a harmful microorganism, different from viruses and bacteria, but causing no less harm.
The disease immediately affects appearance, and then on the condition of the fruit:
Phytoplasmas accumulate and live for a long time in rhizomes and tubers cultivated plants and weeds. Among the most common carriers: bindweed, alfalfa, plantain, sow thistle, thistle, nightshade. But the disease is not transmitted by seeds, it is spread by leafhoppers, small insects, which overwinter on the same roots.
With early infection by stolbur, tomato flowers turn out to be almost completely sterile. If it is later, more than half of the fruits may be edible, but the subsequent harvest will become entirely unsuitable for consumption.
Fruits affected by stolbur during ripening have an uncharacteristic coloring caused by coarsened tissues inside the fruit. There is practically no pulp, there is no juice, which is why the tomatoes become tasteless and tough. 
The start of emergence of the first generation of leafhoppers occurs at the end of May - beginning of June, and they reach their greatest numbers by the first days of July. The incubation period lasts for four weeks after the culture is infected with the Stolbur pathogen, which was brought by leafhoppers. Due to this mass destruction plants begins from the last ten days of July to the end of the first ten days of August.
The activity of leafhoppers in transmitting the disease lasts about 2.5 months.
Favorable territories for the development of mycoplasma are areas with high temperature air and soil. Low-snow, cold winters worsen the conditions for the reproduction and migration of insect vectors, which reduces the harmfulness of the tomato column.
High humidity, especially in closed greenhouse structures, increases the rate of mycoplasma development and its activity.
IN modern conditions no chemicals or biological agents, destroying microorganisms on diseased plants. The main control measure to prevent the spread of the disease is prevention:
Conclusion: the fewer weeds, the fewer leafhoppers. There will be few leafhoppers, and there will be minimal chances for stolbur.
It is a bactericidal and phytoplasmocidal agent of systemic action, effective against bacterial diseases of tomato. It is the only drug with a direct effect against stolbur. It is used for spraying plants and watering the soil at the root during the growing season. To prepare the solution, take 30 ml of the drug per 30 liters of water. The protective properties last for at least 3-4 weeks.
A modern drug of a new generation, long-acting. Belongs to the group of systemic drugs with contact-intestinal action. Insects die immediately after eating the processed vegetative mass. The main active ingredient is imidacloride. Available in different packaging, used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. First, prepare a concentrate at the rate of 2 g of the drug per 100 g of water, and then dilute it to 1 liter and spray the plants. 
This systemic drug used for spraying plants and soil. Available in the form of granules and suspension. To prepare the solution, 8 g of granules are dissolved in 10 l warm water(25-30°C). The consumption of the drug solution is about 1 liter per 1 m². Spraying is carried out when the first signs of the disease are detected.
Insecticide of systemic, contact-intestinal action affects nervous system insects, causing their paralysis and death. Works effectively at all stages of insect development (from larvae to adult). Preparation of the solution: 2.5 g of Mospilan (1 packet) is dissolved in 1 liter of water, and then diluted to 10 liters. Protection is provided for 2-3 weeks.
Contact drug has wide range action, has damaging properties for several days. In greenhouses, tomatoes are processed no more than 3 times, open ground- no more than 2. Fruits can be eaten no earlier than 20 days after processing. For 10 liters of water you will need 10 ml of the drug. For 10 m² of area you will need 1-3 liters of solution.
To spray plants, use a solution at the rate of 10 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water:
During the growing season, 2 treatments are carried out, no later than three weeks before harvesting.
They have high activity against insects and are used for spraying during the growing season. They are synthetic analogues of natural insecticides. They retain protective properties in the soil for 2-4 weeks, on the surface of plants for 7-10 days, and practically do not penetrate into the crop. A representative of this group is the drug Rovicurt. 
A systemic insecticide that retains its protective properties for 10-15 days. During the growing season, no more than 2 treatments are carried out 30 days before harvest. Spraying is carried out in dry weather, at temperatures up to 15°C. Add 60 g of the drug to 10 liters of water. Use a solution per 100 m² of tomato planting.
Attention! Planting tomatoes early ripening varieties in the early stages will allow you to get fruit ovaries before the mass appearance of the leafhopper and avoid damage by stolbur.
The consumption of the working fluid of the drug is 1.5–2 times less than in open ground, since fewer insects get into the protected ground. Treatments are carried out in cloudy weather.
Plants are treated in dry, cloudy, cool weather. Consumption rates are chosen depending on the severity of the lesion.
Soil care after infected tomatoes
Weeds that accumulate the pathogen are destroyed using double soil treatment with glyphosates Raudap, Tornado and Hurricane.
To destroy the leafhopper, use the systemic insecticide Aktara. A week before planting tomato seedlings, the selective herbicide Stomp is used for disinfection.
It is carried out to a depth of 20-25 cm after removing plant residues and disinfecting the soil.
The author of the video talks about the signs of stolbur, the reasons for its appearance, and methods of combating the disease.
In order to reduce the migration of leafhoppers and other insects, it is recommended:
Attentive attention to the condition of plants will allow you to promptly destroy bushes with signs of disease and carry out complex preventive measures to defeat stolbur using a minimum amount of chemicals.
Have you ever had to buy "wooden" tomatoes?And sometimes such “firewood” grows in my garden: fibrous inside and absolutely unsuitable for food. Such tomatoes are increasingly found in our garden beds. The cause is a viral disease called stolbur.The leaves on the affected bushes turn blue, the flowers degenerate, and the fruits become “woody.” How to deal with this disease?
Despite all the harmfulness, tomato stolbur is not transmitted by seeds. The main carriers of this disease are leafhoppers.These insects overwinter on the roots of perennial weeds and begin to actively emerge from their shelters at the end of May-June. Their numbers peak in the first half of July.At this time, it is imperative to treat the plantings against pests with Mospilan or Confidor. Preventive spraying is carried out during these periods, although due to the incubation period (30 days), the maximum harmfulness of the stolbur occurs in the first half of August.
In general, protective measures can be divided into three parts:
1. The fewer weeds growing on your site, the fewer leafhoppers and less stolbur. Therefore, even the surrounding area must be cleared of weeds, especially field bindweed.
2. The fewer leafhoppers, the less stolbur. Therefore, plantings must be sprayed twice with Aktara, Confidor or Mospilan. The first time - two weeks after planting tomatoes on permanent place and the second time - 14-18 days after the first treatment.
The curtains around the perimeter of the corn and sunflower plot, which limit the flights of this pest, also help fight the leafhopper.
3. The more attentive the owner is to planting tomatoes, the less harm they will cause viral diseases, including stolbur. Therefore, plants must be regularly sprayed with Fitosporin. And sick people should be taken out of the garden or burned.
Few people pay attention to such a phenomenon as discolored, pale or greenish petals of tomato flowers, having an underdeveloped pistil and sepals fused together in the shape of a bell. And these are already manifestations of stolbur.
Stolbur also appears as small, chlorotic leaves with a pinkish or purple tint. Fruits are rarely produced on diseased young plants.And with a late disease, when the ovary has already formed, the fruits grow, but remain wooden and tasteless.
Prevention only. At the moment, there are no chemical or biological preparations that can destroy the virus on a diseased plant.
Early dates Planting seedlings of early ripening varieties in the field under agrofibre shelters allows you to obtain normal tomato ovaries before the active emergence of the leafhopper and the development of the disease.
If you have small area, then during the period of mass leafhopper summer, you can cover the tomato bushes with gauze sewn into one piece.
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Stolbur penetrated into the center of Russia
The hot and rainless weather of the past season, which is atypical for the middle zone, provoked the development of stolbur on solanaceous crops. And not somewhere near Astrakhan or Krasnodar, but in the Central region.
Woodiness of fruits, or stolbur, is widespread mainly in the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine, where vegetable growers have been fighting this scourge for more than 100 years. Now the infection occurs in middle lane. The disease affects all members of the nightshade family, destroying 20%-100% of plants, and causes significant damage to the production of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and potatoes.
However, signs of damage on crops appear in different ways. Young shoots of tomato acquire a pink, then purple hue. Lower leaves also become purple over time (anthocyanins are formed in them). The leaves become smaller, their edges curl into a boat shape. The flowers look like elongated green bells, they lack a corolla, and the stamens and pistil are underdeveloped. The affected fruits are colored unevenly; their color is not red, but yellow-orange or white-pink. The pulp is hard and has poor taste.
On pepper, stolbur also appears on the tips of the shoots, but in the form of chlorosis along the edges of strongly corrugated leaves, bent upward. Gradually, chlorosis spreads to all parts of the plant. The internodes of the bushes are shortened, the flowers are sterile and crumble. The fruits, if formed, have an ugly appearance, are bent in the form of a beak, are woody, small and turn red before their time. The leaves dry out, but do not fall off.
In eggplant, the leaves on the tops also take on the appearance of a narrow boat, and the leaf blade almost completely becomes purple. When infected early they grow dwarf plants. The signs of stolbur on flowers and fruits are the same as on tomatoes. The roots die, the plant first withers, and then the leaves fall off and the stems become bare. Sparse plantings are more severely affected. The planting density of tomatoes and peppers should be in the range of 700-1400 bushes per 1 sq.m.
The causative agent of the disease overwinters on perennial weeds (field bindweed, field thistle, garden thistle, common chicory, alfalfa). However, for the disease to begin to develop, cicadas must "stay" on wild nightshades, such as black nightshade or bittersweet nightshade. Symptoms of stolbur are also noted on carrots, cabbage, table beets, especially on seed plants, and forage grasses. Since these plants can also retain and accumulate mycoplasma infection, plantings of perennial grasses, seeds and ornamental crops should be located as far as possible from beds with tomatoes, peppers, potatoes and eggplants.
From the notes of a phytopathologistN. Korganova
Stolbur is caused by mycoplasmas, which in their size and ability to penetrate living organisms are close to viruses, since they do not have hard cell membranes, and in their “lifestyle” they are similar to gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, stolbur is often confused with either a viral or a bacterial infection.
It has been established that five species of cicadas spread the infection. Since clogged areas are populated by cicadas 2-3 times more intensely than clean beds, an outbreak of stolbur usually occurs when the number of weeds, especially field bindweed, increases sharply. Pillar bindweed has characteristic appearance- the whole plant is chlorotic (pale, light yellow), the edges of the leaves are pink, the vines are short.
An additional focus of infection persists on white goosefoot, stinking datura, and black nightshade - on them the infection also manifests itself in the form of chlorosis and dwarfism, leaf shrinkage and intensive growth of axillary shoots. According to the degree of importance in the distribution of columnar, perennial weeds are arranged in the following order: field bindweed, field thistle, sow thistle species, common chicory, wormwood species, alfalfa, and leguminous grasses.
Signs of stolbur appear depending on the weather. An early dry spring promotes the rapid emergence and development of young leafhoppers and accelerated aging of weeds. As a result, insects flock to the beds where young plants grow. The incubation period (from the moment of infection to the appearance of symptoms) lasts 1-1.5 months. However, on weakened specimens (with a lack of water, nutrients, in dense plantings), the disease is more fleeting. Fungal and bacterial infections also accelerate the development of stolbur.
Fortunately, the disease is focal in nature, which makes it possible to localize its spread. It is important to note that leafhoppers are lightweight and are carried by the wind to significant distances. Therefore, the garden must be protected from the prevailing winds with a strip of bushes, a fence, or the beds must be covered with light non-woven material.
Cicadas that carry stolbur
The garden and the area around it must be cleared of perennial weeds. If the row spacing is highly weedy, preference should be given to herbicides: weeding and soil cultivation only temporarily remove weeds, promoting the rejuvenation of root shoots. In the fall, the garden should be dug up to destroy the leafhopper larvae.
From the moment leafhoppers fly, long-acting systemic insecticidal preparations should be used. Plants can also be sprayed against leafhoppers with a solution of Fufanon (10 ml per 10 liters of water) or Karbofos (60 g per 10 liters of water). These drugs are used no later than 30 days before harvest. Since leafhoppers become active at night, treatment is carried out in the evening. When spraying, you should also take into account that insects live on the underside of the leaves.
Leafhoppers not only spread mycoplasma, but also contribute to the development of Alternaria, late blight, cladosporiosis, viruses and viroids, which only increase the harmfulness of stolbur. Therefore, when choosing a variety, preference should be given to varieties that are resistant to these diseases, zoned varieties and hybrids: they are better adapted to local climatic conditions. And before sowing, do not forget to disinfect the seeds from bacterial and fungal infections. A good effect is achieved by the use of biological products and plant growth regulators that increase the immunity of seedlings and seedlings.
A. Barbaritsky , agronomist, Rostov region
Symptoms of stolbur: the first signs appear on young leaves, which turn pinkish, sheet plates they become smaller, coarser, the edges bend upward.
The stem may thicken.
The flower clusters grow upward, the petals become smaller and greener, the calyx grows together and looks like a bell. The flowers are sterile.
Tomato and pepper fruits are unevenly colored, tasteless, and their flesh is hard and whitish.
As the disease progresses, chlorosis affects all leaves of the plant. The leaves wither and fall off.
Stolbur affects tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, eggplants, tobacco and many weeds.
The standard varieties of tomato and pepper are least affected by stolbur.
Measures to combat stolbur: viral diseases are practically untreatable. Losses are especially high when celery is damaged in the early stages.
Diseased plants with mosaic symptoms should be removed immediately.
It is necessary to remove all weeds, even between rows, and fight aphids in a timely manner (spray with insecticides).
It is important to grow correctly healthy seedlings pepper, tomato and eggplant.
Regular watering and loosening of the soil after watering are necessary.
Cause of the disease: Viral disease.
Viruses are spread by cicadas.
Viral diseases of tomato and pepper diseases of tomato pepper photo
How to avoid white pulp in tomatoes...
Why do tomatoes often have white flesh inside (very hard and tasteless), although the fruit itself is red and beautiful?
Tatiana Petrova.
Uneven coloring of the peel and pulp of tomato fruits can be caused by an infectious (physiological) disease. It occurs due to sharp fluctuations in temperature, humidity and lighting in the greenhouse, as well as a lack of potassium and calcium with excessive application of nitrogen. Weakly colored spots (tissues lose their ability to accumulate dyes) appear on fruits and parts of them that are strongly illuminated and heated by the sun.
During the flowering period and 10 days before it, the temperature should be below plus 35 degrees and above plus 15. Otherwise, the formation of lycopene, the pigment that determines the red color of fruits, as well as carotene, stops.
It is very important to maintain lower night temperatures, especially during fruit growth. It should be lower than the daily value so that the excess assimilates accumulated during the day (end products of photosynthetic fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide in plants) are not spent on respiration at night.
IN hot weather Plant roots also suffer. They stop absorbing potassium from the soil, which is necessary for the synthesis of lycopene. Therefore, the optimal soil temperature should be maintained within plus 20-25 degrees.
To obtain high-quality fruits, it is desirable that the greenhouse has optimal temperature and humidity, apply moderate doses nitrogen fertilizers. In hot weather, intensively ventilate greenhouses and shade the covering (spray with chalk or cover with white paper).
When growing tomatoes in open ground, the soil must be mulched. And, most importantly, increase potassium and calcium nutrition (50 g of ammonia and potassium nitrate per 1 sq. m) before flowering and fruit set. These elements should be added along with watering.
Please tell me why the tomatoes turned red and there are large, large, hard white veins inside?
Hello Tomato Scientist.
Please tell me why the tomatoes turned red and there are large, large, hard white veins inside?
Hello, Elena.
If, with such signs, there are green unripe parts at the stalk, it can be assumed that there is a lack of potassium. If all the fruits turn red entirely, without green butts, it makes sense to check for nitrates. There may simply be an imbalance in some other nutritional element.
I also noticed that when the weather is cold at night for a long time, some of the fruits come out with white, woody pulp in the center.
Bacterial diseases of tomato and cucumber in protected soil
The prevalence of stolbur in the region reaches 100%, and its harmfulness lies in sharp decline yield and quality of tomatoes. 
To protect tomatoes from disease, it is recommended to destroy perennial weeds near tomato plantations (in and around greenhouses), systematically combat pathogen vectors (especially leafhoppers, whiteflies, aphids and cotton bollworms); for this purpose, effectively use such a low-hazard drug as phytoverm (bioinsecticide) . It is also necessary to treat plants with tetracycline antibiotics (for example, phytoplasmin) at intervals of once every two weeks. It is advisable to combine these two protective equipment in the form of a tank mixture. Beginning of treatment with insecticides - from the moment the seedlings are planted, it is better to spray with antibiotics at the beginning of flowering, but the frequency is no more than two or three, and then it is necessary to use other drugs - such as pharmacoid (with a concentration of 0.05%) or the well-known Bordeaux mixture. To increase plant immunity, it is necessary to fertilize with organic and complex mineral fertilizers
Stolbur, or phytoplasmosis
Pathogen
Solanaceae phytoplasma
Pathogen biology
The infection is transmitted by leafhoppers. In the spring, 2–7 days after feeding on infected weeds, leafhoppers become able to transmit infection to tomato plants or other nightshades.
Sources of infection
Phytoplasma overwinters in the rhizomes of affected weeds and other perennial plants, for example, bindweed, thistle, plantain, St. John's wort, elderberry, etc.
Symptoms
The leaf segments are small, chlorotic, often with a pinkish or purple tint. The flowers are deformed: the sepals are overgrown, often fused; the internal parts of the flower are reduced - the pistil is shortened, the stamens are underdeveloped, the petals are smaller, discolored or green in color. The fruits are woody. Their section reveals white, highly developed vascular tissue. There are numerous cracks on the surface of the root, the bark acquires a brown tint, and strong lignification of the internal tissues of the root is observed.
Maliciousness
The harmfulness of stolbur is expressed in a decrease in yield and a decrease in dry matter content, which leads to deterioration commercial quality fruits
Agrotechnical measures
Destruction of weeds - phytoplasma reserves near fields, including herbicides. They are used before the crop emerges or after the crop emerges.
Spraying plants with insecticides (AKTARA, ACTELLIK, KARATE ZEON, PROTEUS, CALIPSO, OPERKOT) to destroy imago leafhoppers during their appearance in the open ground. In the southern regions of Russia, the period of field cultivation falls on the period from May 10 to May 30. At the first signs of damage, treat biological drugs(PLANRIS + TRICHODERMIN). In seedling greenhouses, plants should be sprayed with insecticides before planting them in the field.
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