Plastering the outside walls of a house performs several tasks:
To perform the above tasks, plaster compositions must have certain properties.
Builders who apply the plaster composition to the wall have their own requirements for the solution. The plaster mortar must have good adhesion to the base, be easy and convenient to apply and rub in, have optimal time setting and drying.
It is important for the home developer that the plaster successfully performs its tasks for a long time and, at the same time, the price and consumption of the plaster mixture do not greatly burden the construction budget.
Plaster solutions for construction site prepared in three ways:
The first two methods are usually used for the preparation of traditional mineral cement-lime and cement plaster mortars.
Modern plaster mortars with an organic binder are usually purchased ready-made, in buckets.
The main properties and parameters by which façade plaster is selected are usually indicated in the information on the packaging:
Type of plaster- or the composition of the main components, for example, cement, cement-lime, thin-layer acrylic, etc.
Application- for what walls, bases and conditions the plaster is intended, for example, facade plaster for brick walls or for interior work.
Amount in a package- weight of the dry mixture in the bag, weight or volume ready solution in a bucket.
Consumption of dry mixture or solution- indicated in kg/m 2 / per layer thickness of 1 mm. or at 1 cm. Using this parameter, you can calculate the number of packages that will need to be purchased for plastering the facade.
Application temperature— temperature and humidity ranges of outdoor air within which the storage and use of a dry mixture or solution is allowed.
Compressive strength— indicates the compressive strength of the hardened layer of plaster on the wall, unit of measurement — N/mm 2
Adhesion— adhesion strength of the plaster layer to the base. Unit - N/mm 2(the higher the better)
Vapor permeability- coefficient of resistance to diffusion of water vapor, denoted by the letter m(mu). The lower this indicator, the greater the vapor permeability of the plaster layer.
Plaster layer thickness- indicates the minimum and maximum thickness for a single layer or for the entire coating as a whole.
Depending on the type of plaster, the packaging also indicates other properties and conditions of use that are important for this type. More detailed information about the characteristics of the plaster composition can be obtained on the manufacturer’s website.
When choosing plaster, you must ensure that two mandatory rules:
This also applies to the case when the base is a lower layer of another plaster.
The need to fulfill these conditions is one of the reasons that, for example, walls made of brick and concrete blocks, walls made of cellular concrete, as well as walls with insulation have to be plastered with different compounds.
The main components of the cement mortar are: lime plaster- this is cement, lime and sand. Cement plaster mortar contains only cement and sand. This traditional plasters, which have been used in construction since ancient times.
Traditional plaster mortar good quality For reasonable money, it can really only be prepared from factory-made dry mixtures. At the factory, in addition to the main components, various additives are added to dry mixtures that improve the properties of the solution and the finished coating on the wall.
Ready-made factory-made dry mixtures, in addition to the main components, also contain additives that:
At a construction site, at self-cooking mortars made from individual components, as a rule, do without these additives and produce lower-quality plaster.
In addition, the factory dry plaster mixture produces a solution that is more homogeneous in composition and properties. During production homemade solution from individual components, each batch in a concrete mixer will differ in composition and properties. Every time you load it into a concrete mixer, builders will not measure out the components “like in a pharmacy.” In addition, the purchased materials for preparing the solution may not be of adequate quality.
Ready-made compositions of dry mixtures are also distinguished by the method of applying the solution to the wall — manual method or machine. Plaster solutions for machine method applied to the wall using a special unit.
Plaster compositions for machines are of higher quality, contain more additives, and are easier to apply to the wall. They are more expensive than hand-made mixtures.
Machine-made plasters are also well suited for manual application, but not vice versa.
Traditional plasters take a long time to dry, within one to two weeks for each centimeter of thickness. Only after this period can they be painted with façade paint.
Cement-lime plaster used for finishing bases made of mineral materials — walls made of brick or cement-based concrete blocks, as well as coatings made of cement-bonded particle boards, asbestos-cement or fiber-cement slabs.
The thickness of the plaster layer is usually 1 - 3 cm, dry mixture consumption is 11-16 kg/m 2 /cm., color gray or white.
Cement - lime mortars applied to the base sequentially in three layers:
Ready-made dry mixtures are available for sale, specifically designed for preparing a solution for spraying, as well as liquid solutions and primers for treating surfaces before plastering in order to increase the adhesion of the plaster layer. Such compositions are recommended must be applied to surfaces with low adhesion, for example, on concrete walls and cement slabs.
Primer Betonkontakt imparts roughness to surfaces to increase the adhesion of the plaster layer to smooth, weakly absorbent concrete substrates.
Primer Deep penetration increases the adhesion of all types of absorbent substrates: cement-sand plasters, cellular concrete, etc.
The walls, treated to increase adhesion with ready-made solutions, are plastered without spraying - the primer is immediately applied, and then the coating.
To install the finishing layer - covering, you can use ready-made fine-grained cement-lime mixtures, which allow you to get a smoother surface of the plaster.
On sale you can find ready-made solutions and dry mixtures that allow you to perform cement-lime plaster quickly, in one layer at once.
A solution for cement plaster is prepared from a dry mixture or by mixing the main components - cement, sand and water.
Ready dry mix Cement crack-resistant plaster for leveling the surface for decorative finishing.
Cement-sand plaster has the following properties:
The scope of application of cement plaster is determined by its characteristics.
Cement plaster is usually used to level foundation walls and plinths, which are always in conditions of high humidity.
Cement plaster is applied to indoor walls in order to reduce vapor permeability, for example, when, as well as for finishing walls in wet rooms.
Cement plaster is applied to the wall in two layers - spray and primer. The thickness of each layer is the same as for cement-lime plaster. A layer of cement plaster serves as the base on which it is applied vertical waterproofing foundation.
Consumption of dry mixture of cement plaster 16 - 18 kg/m 2 /cm. The total thickness of the cement plaster layer on the wall is 6 - 20 mm, color gray.
When finishing the facade with traditional cement-lime or cement plaster, for the finishing layer - covering, modern compositions of thin-layer facade plaster or putty are often used. This solution allows you to obtain a beautiful, textured and colored decorative surface.
Ready dry mix Cement facade putty For final leveling surfaces.
Light facade plaster differs from traditional cement plaster in that the quartz sand in the solution is replaced, in whole or in part, with a lighter filler, for example, perlite sand in the Weber Vetonit TTT dry mix. Due to this, the plaster layer has high vapor permeability, is light in weight and lightly loads the base on which it is applied.
Light plaster also somewhat improves the heat-saving properties of walls. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster layer is 0.25 - 0.32 W/m* o K. For comparison, a layer of ordinary cement-lime plaster has a thermal conductivity coefficient of about 0.8 W/m* o K.
Due to its properties, light mineral plaster is well suited for plastering surfaces made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete or walls over old plaster.
Light plaster is less resistant to mechanical damage and moisture. Therefore, it is not used for finishing the walls of the basement and basement.
Light plaster is purchased in the form of ready-made dry mixtures. Apply to the wall in the same way as a traditional solution, in three layers - spray, primer and cover. The total thickness of the plaster layer of light plaster is up to 4 cm.
Watch the technology for applying light facade plaster in this video tutorial:
When applying, take into account the following Features of light mineral plaster:
Thin-layer facade plasters used for finishing external walls on top of a layer of insulation. This method of insulating and finishing external walls is usually called a “bonded thermal insulation system”.
Thin-layer plasters are lightweight and place less load on the base they are applied to than others.
The thin-layer plaster solution contains calibrated filler grains. Plaster of one name usually has several composition options, which differ in grain size (caliber). The solutions use grains with a caliber of 1 - 6 mm. The caliber of grain in the solution determines the thickness of the plaster layer. The grain size is indicated on the plaster packaging.
Thin-layer plasters are suitable for finishing other surfaces, both outside and inside. They create a light but wear-resistant protective and decorative layer on the surface.
Thin-layer plaster is often applied over less decorative plaster- cement-lime, cement or heat-saving.
Plaster solutions contain various additives that color the plaster and give it antiseptic properties - preventing the appearance of mold and green algae.
Thin-layer plasters dry quickly. After 2 - 3 days, their surface can already be painted.
The binder in thin-layer mineral plaster is white cement. The plaster composition is sold in bags, in the form of a dry mixture.
The plaster mixture may contain microfiber fibers, which increase the strength of the coating, as well as hydrophobic additives, which increase the moisture resistance of the plaster.
Mineral plaster is the cheapest thin-layer plaster. The average solution consumption is 1.5 - 4.5 kg/m2.
Thin-layer mineral plaster has the following features:
The binder in acrylic plaster is acrylic resin. The plaster composition is sold as a ready-made solution in buckets. Simply mix the mixture in the bucket and it is ready to be applied to the wall.
The solution contains pigments and mineral fillers of a certain size - caliber in the range of 0.5 - 6 mm.
Consumption of ready-made acrylic plaster solution - 1.5 - 4 kg/m2.
There are acrylic and silicone plaster solutions on sale. The plaster layer from such a solution is more vapor permeable.
The plastered surface may not be smooth, but have a relief (texture), for example, it looks like finely laid pebbles.
Acrylic plasters have the following advantages and disadvantages:
Silicate plasters, also called silicon plasters, contain liquid potassium glass as a base. Ready-made plaster mortar is sold in buckets.
It should be borne in mind that the silicate solution has an alkaline reaction, that is, it can corrode your hands. Plastering work with such a solution is carried out wearing protective gloves and goggles.
The consumption of silicate plaster is 2 - 4 kg/m2.
Silicate plasters have following features:
There are also silicate plaster solutions with the addition of silicone resin - polysilicate (polysilicon) plasters. Polysilicate plasters are more elastic, UV resistant, easier to apply to the wall and safer to use. But they have lower resistance to mold and algae.
The main binder in silicone plasters is silicone resin. Silicone plaster has all the advantages of mineral and acrylic plasters.
The consumption of silicone plaster solution is 1.7 - 2.4 kg/m2. The composition is sold as a ready-made solution in buckets.
Silicone plasters are characterized by the following properties:
Summary table of properties comparison different types thin layer plasters:
| Property of plaster | Mineral | Acrylic | Silicone | Silicate |
| Porosity | **** | *** | ** | **** |
| Vapor permeability | **** | * | *** | *** |
| Elasticity | — | *** | ** | * |
| Mechanical strength | * | *** | * | * |
| Resistant to dust contamination | ** | * | *** | ** |
| Resistant to mold and algae | ** | * | *** | ** |
| Resistance to chemical air pollutants | * | **** | *** | ** |
| UV resistance | *** | * | ** | *** |
| Color fastness | * | *** | ** | * |
| Resistant to efflorescence and stains when dried | — | *** | *** | * |
| Easy to apply to the wall | ** | *** | *** | * |
When choosing plaster, as mentioned above, Be sure to take into account the vapor permeability indicator. The vapor permeability of the plaster layer should be higher than that of the base.
For plastering on mineral wool insulation boards choose plaster with high vapor permeability. The table shows that mineral, silicone and silicate plasters have good vapor permeability. Finish the insulated façade with acrylic plaster mineral wool, it is forbidden.
For plastering over insulation made from foam boards or extruded polystyrene foam plasters with low vapor permeability can be used. Any thin-layer plaster is suitable for such a façade in terms of vapor permeability.
If thin-layer plaster is applied to smooth walls from neatly folded blocks made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, then it is necessary to use a composition with high vapor permeability.
Thin-layer plaster is often applied as the top finishing layer for finishing mineral plaster surfaces. In this version, for application, for example, on vapor-permeable light mineral plaster it is also necessary to use thin-layer plaster with high vapor permeability.
Thin-layer plaster with a high strength index should not be applied to less durable substrates.
When choosing thin-layer plaster, other properties are also taken into account. But this choice is not so critical. For example, a house near a road with heavy traffic is better to be plastered with a dirt-resistant compound with an easy-to-clean surface, for example, silicone plaster.
Or a house on the shore of a reservoir or with a facade heavily shaded by trees can be advantageously finished with plaster that is resistant to mold and algae.
But you can choose other types of plaster. Only then will it be necessary to take additional measures to protect the facade from dust or mold.
Heat-saving plaster is a cement or cement-lime plaster in which, instead of quartz sand, perlite sand or foam granules are used as a filler. Perlite is a volcanic porous rock, like pumice.
Due to the thermal insulation properties of the filler, the plaster layer has a low thermal conductivity coefficient in the range 0.07 - 0.15 W/m* o K. For comparison, a layer of ordinary cement-lime plaster has a thermal conductivity coefficient of about 0.8 W/m* o K, and for insulation made from mineral wool slabs this coefficient is about 0.055 W/m* o K.
For the heat saving effect to be noticeable, the thickness of the plaster layer must be significant, up to 10 cm. A solution of heat-saving plaster is applied in layers of 2 - 4 cm in several passes.
It is necessary to ensure good adhesion of such a thick heat-saving plaster layer to the base of the wall. To do this, a bottom layer is applied to the wall - spray, and reinforced with a fiberglass mesh.
Fiberglass mesh 5x5 mm. It is used to strengthen the plaster layer, protect the applied mixture from delamination and cracking, and prevent deformation of the finish. Its installation significantly reduces the influence of mechanical, humidity and temperature influences. Increases the quality of adhesion of solutions to bases.
The layer of heat-saving plaster has low resistance to mechanical damage. Finishing with such plaster is not recommended for basement walls and other places that are subject to mechanical stress. Or is it necessary to provide additional protection such places.
To increase decorativeness and resistance to external influences, it is recommended to apply thin-layer plaster over heat-saving plaster.
The average consumption of heat-saving plaster mortar is 11 kg/m 2 /cm. To dry, heat-saving plaster needs to be left for about one week for each centimeter of thickness. After which, the facade can be painted.
When using, the following should be taken into account: Features of facade heat-saving plaster:
Facade plaster for exterior use.
Facade paint must be used on walls finished with any mineral plaster - traditional, light, heat-saving, thin-layer.
It is also recommended to paint walls covered with thin-layer plasters. A facade finished with acrylic thin-layer plaster does not need to be painted if the solution was tinted to the desired color before application. The color of the thin-layer plaster solution should be chosen as close as possible to the color of the façade paint.
Painting the plaster makes the color of the facade uniform and more saturated. A layer of facade paint additionally protects the wall from external influences, and also makes it easier to clean the walls from dirt.
It is not recommended to paint the facade in a saturated color dark color. This especially applies to walls with thin-layer plaster over insulation. Dark facades heat up more in the sun, and this causes additional stress in the plaster layer. The plaster on such a facade may crack and peel off from the base.
Information about making the right choice type of facade paint, as well as what color to paint the facade and how to paint the facade yourself with your own hands, read other articles on this topic.
In order for the wall to have an attractive decorative look, the surface of the plaster is often given a relief texture.
For plastering on mineral based, with the help of the most different instruments: a spatula, trowel, trowel, brushes, brooms, boards with nails, etc., apply one or another relief on the surface of the plaster that has not yet hardened.
Using templates or stamps, an elongated relief can be formed on the surface of unhardened plaster: imitation of seams, rustications (parallel grooves), as well as geometric figures, or any other decor.
To apply relief decor, the thickness of the mineral plaster layer must be at least 1 - 1.5 cm.
The surface of thin-layer plaster is decorated in a different way. The composition of the solution at the factory includes special additives that allow it to form on the surface decorative texture, for example - bark beetle, lamb, fur coat, pebble, shagreen or smooth.
Decorative plasters contain various granular fillers with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm: marble chips, quartz sand, glass chips, mica, which gives the coating an expressive structure.
The texture is determined not only by the size of the grain (crumbs), but also by the technique of applying the composition.
So, for example, a “fur coat” is a lumpy, heterogeneous surface, a “lamb” is smaller “lumps” formed during rubbing with a roller, trowel, whisk or twisted rag.
The effect of grooves eaten into wood by bark beetles is achieved by circular, horizontal or vertical rubbing of plaster containing small pebbles - it is these that create shallow, picturesque grooves.
“Scratches” occur when grouting plaster containing fine gravel; it “crawls away” from the surface, revealing a homogeneous mosaic of densely packed grains of deeper layers.
Thin-layer plasters are more decorative, have a varied surface texture, rich and saturated color scheme- examples in the figure. For this reason they are often used for finishing coating less decorative mineral plaster.
There is little theoretical knowledge to perform plastering work. For getting high-quality coating great importance has long practice and skill as a performer. To make the façade of the house look decent I highly recommend entrusting this work to specialists with good recommendations.
Start plastering the walls no earlier than 2 - 3 months after the roof of the house has been erected. The walls will shrink during this time.
Plaster the facade after finishing the plastering work inside the house.
Ideal weather for device external plaster- temperature within plus 5 - 25 o C, air humidity no more than 75%. In hot weather, freshly applied plaster on the wall is protected from the sun, and mineral plaster is also sprayed with water. Otherwise, the plaster layer may crack.
Before applying the plaster mortar, it is very useful to coat the wall surface with a primer. It is better to choose a primer recommended by the manufacturer of the ready-made solution or dry mixture. This information is usually found on the packaging or on the manufacturer's website. The primer improves the adhesion of the plaster layer to the base, reduces the risk of cracks and peeling of the plaster from the base. Don't skimp on primer - you could lose more.
On smooth and primed walls plaster can be applied in two layers, as shown in this master class video.
Plastering external walls made of aerated concrete, gas silicate from the inside of the room.
"> REINFORCED FACADE PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN-LAYER” is intended for high-quality thin-layer leveling of walls inside and outside buildings. Can be used for preliminary leveling of ceilings, for sealing cracks, potholes and depressions. Also used as a “covering”.
REINFORCED FACADE PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN LAYER” is used for subsequent finishing: finishing putty, finishing with decorative plasters, tiling or painting.
REINFORCED FACADE PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN-LAYER” is used for finishing facades, plinths, basements and rooms with any degree of humidity, is applied and leveled, has increased crack resistance and provides reliable protection facades from atmospheric influences. For manual and machine application.
Foundations: concrete, cement-lime and cement-sand foundations, aerated concrete and foam concrete, brick and stone masonry.
A special feature of thin-layer plaster is that it is applied directly onto surfaces of concrete or brick with a thickness of no more than 10 mm. It is carried out together with the laying of walls almost simultaneously. The structure of the material is a grout that is applied to the walls as they are erected.
To apply such a solution an important condition is the accuracy of the masonry. The material has great performance. When applied, the thin-layer solution dries quickly, adheres firmly to the surface and hardens. The result is a beautiful, neat finish. The advantages of this material include ease of work and low cost of the composition.
The solution of modern thin-layer plaster should have increased plasticity. It can be applied manually or using a mortar pump. Surfaces are rubbed with traditional trowels.
Despite the thin layer, such material is reliable and resistant to precipitation, frost, sun rays. Work with plaster can be done even in winter time. In addition to its decorative nature, the material also has protective qualities. They improve the thermal insulation of external walls.
With this type of finishing you can create smooth or textured surfaces. There are varieties of thin-layer (covering) with different textures - rough, scratched. The grooves are created with graters after applying the mixture. Blends are available in many colors and textures.
Thanks to your positive properties thin-layer plaster has gained popularity in exterior construction work. This finishing guarantees a spectacular look to the façade.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
.jpg)
