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Today, teaching a child to read is more the task of parents than of school, where most children already go to school with some knowledge. And the ability to read is one of the most important. At the moment, various teaching methods already exist and continue to be developed. The method of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev, a St. Petersburg teacher and leading specialist in the field of testing and development of educational methods in the Russian Federation, is gaining increasing popularity among them.
The main principles of this teacher’s methods coincide with generally accepted didactic principles modern system education, but here they are strictly observed. This:
At the moment, Zaitsev is implementing educational and experimental developments on the basis of a limited liability company under the same name “N. Zaitsev’s Methods”. Its educational programs are designed for the active participation of not only educators and teachers, but also parents, whose role in a child’s education is extremely important.
The main educational material is an information field, which is recorded in the form of tables and placed in a visible place in front of the child’s eyes, for example, on the walls of the classroom. Nikolai Zaitsev’s method is designed not only for individual training, but also for group classes and includes teaching children all the basic basic skills, such as reading, writing, basic arithmetic and mathematics, and foreign languages. Didactic techniques are designed for children of senior preschool and junior school age. Interactive forms of learning involve the rapid disclosure of the potential of each child, both in group and individual lesson, which helps the teacher or educator track the speed at which children perceive information and find out which of them needs closer attention from the teacher.
At the moment, the educational programs of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev are becoming more and more popular. They have already been translated into several languages. For example, there are programs in Kazakh, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Latvian languages.
The most popular of methodological developments N.A. Zaitseva are educational cubes. For more than 20 years, this discovery of a talented teacher has been a success both in kindergartens, schools and development centers, and among parents who work with their children on their own. Cubes are a material familiar to every child since childhood. Children, as a rule, perceive it with pleasure and as a developmental aid. Cubes are used to teach a child to read. The principle of teaching is to read not by letters or syllables in the quality in which they are presented in scientific Russian grammar, but by “words”. The division into warehouses is based on the sound of live colloquial speech, well known to the child. For example, letter combinations are divided into those from which it is easy to form words - “gu”, “bu”, “me”, “sy”, “n”, “d”. From these, a child can easily and naturally compose words by analogy with real syllable division by sound - “copper”, “bu-sy”, etc.
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev assures that such a presentation of information is closer and more understandable to children, and numerous positive reviews teachers and parents confirm this fact. At one time, the idea of such a methodology was outlined by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, who, as you know, was also a talented teacher and even founded his own school in Yasnaya Polyana, where he taught literacy to peasant children. Learning with the help of cubes also implements one of the fundamental principles of all educational activities of the researcher, namely concrete-shaped material (toy). With the assistance of the teacher, educators or parents who explain to the child the meaning of letters and syllables, it becomes visual and subsequently (after the child understands the semantic load of the letters) turns into a logical-verbal (or verbal, which is the final result of the learning process).
Teaching reading is not the only development of Nikolai Alexandrovich. He also owns development support materials fine motor skills child, logic, attention: educational ornaments, large visual tables and interactive Board games for teaching a child to count, children's books, for example, a collection of Krylov's fables, adapted for the “in order” reading system. The lowest age limit for N. Zaitsev’s visual aids is 2 years.
As mentioned above, the main principle in Zaitsev’s method for teaching reading is the principle of reading according to patterns, combinations of sounds, maximally adapted to speech. The brightest positive effect This technique lies in its speed. A 4-5 year old child masters reading in literally 15-20 hours of studying with educational blocks, and he does not have to stay in one position for a long time, for example, sitting quietly at a desk. Training takes place in game form, thanks to which the child does not feel tired of the information received - it is perceived organically, during the game, and does not seem to be imposed on the child from the outside. Of course, you shouldn’t try to set records in mastering literacy, but if you start working with your child early enough, from about 4 years old, then by the time he reaches school his reading will be fluent and meaningful. This will make it easier for your child to learn and adapt to school. After all, awareness of the depth of our own capabilities always makes us more confident, especially in an unfamiliar environment, in a new team.
For the smallest cubes, N. Zaitsev also takes into account the auditory aspect of perception. The cubes are filled with different sounding materials and are divided into “iron”, “wooden” or, for example, “gold”. In some sets, parents are asked to assemble and fill the cubes on their own, but ready-made sets are also available for sale.
But some teachers argue that this progressive methodology also has a number of disadvantages due to the fact that, for all its beneficial properties she disagrees with the official one school curriculum, which involves traditional syllabic division instead of warehouse division and an emphasis on working out the letter composition of words. However, harmoniously developed child is unlikely to encounter such difficulties. On initial stage In school education, they are not yet considered within the framework of the program, but by the time they study phonetics. in grades 3-4, the child will already easily grasp the subtleties of word formation.
Since progress in modern society does not stand still, today there is even a specially released application for the i-pad “Learning to Read” according to the method of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev, designed for children from 4 years old. For older children, books adapted to the “warehouse” reading method will be relevant.
IN methodological manual, which is attached to each developmental set from the arsenal of N.A. Zaitsev’s methodology, talks about a variety of entertaining educational games that you can play with your child using the set. The age range is quite wide, from the youngest children (2 years old) to primary schoolchildren. The methodology for interacting with a child as part of the learning process is described step by step, which simplifies its implementation for both teachers and parents.
Interactive learning reduces fatigue in a preschool child, and the information he receives is perceived more organically. Bright, colorful visual aids, large educational tables and cards arouse more interest than traditional notebooks and copybooks. As part of the game, the child is invited not only to try to read, count and try to independently compose words from cubes, but also to sing them, get acquainted with the laws of physics at home and do “musical mathematics”.
Parents who use materials developed by Nikolai Alexandrovich when preparing their child for school, as a rule, are pleasantly surprised by the results obtained. Children are also delighted with these teaching methods. Seminars and master classes on learning to work with children using this system are held especially for fathers, mothers, as well as teachers and teachers of kindergartens and development centers. But you will be able to familiarize yourself with it and begin to apply N. Zaitsev’s methods in practice on your own.
Everyone knows Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev from his famous cubes, which are used in kindergartens, primary school, development centers and homes. But the teaching method of this Russian teacher and educator is much deeper. It involves not only rapid learning of reading, counting, writing, literacy, foreign languages, mathematics, anatomy, geography, ecology, music, but also gives a powerful impetus to the child’s self-development. Its healing effect, high effectiveness and humanity have been confirmed by practice.
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev was born in 1939 in the village. Hills (Novgorod region) in a family of hereditary teachers. His childhood was during the difficult war years. After the war, the family moved to Leningrad. Nikolai was an active child: he attended swimming and athletics sections, and was engaged in drawing and wood carving. In 1956, he graduated from school and worked for 2 years at a factory as a grinder and molder. He took up wrestling and boxing.
In 1958 he entered the philological department at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen (Russian and English language). During his studies, Zaitsev began to study subjects in more depth due to a lack of understanding of many things. Even then, he began to draw tables and make graphs, making it easier for himself to understand the subjects.
In 1963, as a fifth-year student, Nikolai interned as a translator in Indonesia. There the young teacher laid the foundation for his original educational system. First teaching experience native language according to its methodology, it was successful.
He never received a diploma, because... his graduate work did not meet the standards. After college, Zaitsev worked as a teacher orphanage, in a children's colony, a boarding school for special children. He tried his technique on special children. The success was variable, but it gave impetus to further research.
Then Zaitsev became a literature teacher at school. During this period, he developed a visual and without cumbersome rules system of teaching the native language for high school. The test results were negative: the students did not feel their native language, it was easier for them to memorize the rules, they were taught that way...
By the end of the 70s. Zaitsev gradually determined for himself the direction of experiments: educational visual programs and manuals for children from 1.5 years old. Everything was presented in a playful way.
And then success awaited him. His learning through blocks was easy for kids to understand.
The pedagogy of that time did not tolerate any deviations from the traditional one, therefore, before perestroika (80s), all of Zaitsev’s developments and manuals were not in demand. And only with the collapse of the USSR it began to be used in kindergartens and schools. Although the Ministry of Education did not officially recognize it.
In 1989, JSC Mazai (methodological alternatives to Zaitsev) was created, where the innovator became a leading specialist. This began the active dissemination of Zaitsev’s methods and manuals. For the first time, the production of cubes was established.
Since 1991, the technique has already been adapted for children aged 1.5-4 years.
In 1993, at the St. Petersburg kindergarten No. 74, Zaitsev was allowed to apply his methods. Since then it has been his creative laboratory. Here, in 1994, he first introduced a course in anatomy, physiology and human hygiene, ecology, adapted for children, and over five years of observation he noted a stable positive result. The children were interested and accessible to systematic, visual information about a person, his health, and the environment.
In 1995, Professor Ruvinsky founded the Academy of Creative Pedagogy (ATP). It united disparate innovative teachers, allowed them to exchange experiences, publish their methods, and improve their skills. Zaitsev became a professor at this academy.
In 1996, JSC Mazai was transformed into LLC Methods of Zaitsev, whose tasks remained the same: to develop, publish and implement manuals and methods of the author. This association continues to operate successfully to this day. It produces “Zaitsev’s Cubes”, “Stochet”, “I Write Beautifully”, etc.
Professor Zaitsev lives in St. Petersburg, gives lectures throughout the country, and develops new manuals. He has many like-minded students. He is still a leading specialist at the non-state institution of additional education “Methodology of N. Zaitsev”. Despite its popularity, his system is never officially recognized.
When developing his system, Zaitsev relied on the research of I.M. Sechenova, I.P. Pavlova, A.A. Ukhtomsky, V.M. Bekhterev.
He used these conclusions:
Zaitsev made this discovery in neurophysiology the basis of his system. The main idea of his methodology is based on the fact that the process of cognition should be based on all forms of perception of the child:
Zaitsev's educational material activates the child's perception, since it is systematic (from the particular to the general and vice versa), collected in one place and attractive, attracting attention. Essentially, this methodology builds on the foundations of collaborative pedagogy. The role of the teacher is:
Another basis of his method was the use of the warehouse as an elementary particle of speech. A warehouse is a merger of a consonant and vowels of a letter, simply a vowel, a consonant in an open syllable. This is a more natural division of a word than a syllable. This is how babies start talking. And this makes it easier to learn to read.
The origins of this lie in the same neurophysiology, since the warehouse is a conscious effort of the muscles of the speech apparatus. These efforts can be easily detected by placing your hand lightly around your neck under the base of your jaw and saying something loudly. The idea itself is not new. Teaching literacy using Zaitsev’s method is very similar to Fedot Kuzmichev’s primer (19th century) and L. Tolstoy’s alphabet (he studied using Kuzmichev’s primer). These books are based on the warehouse method rather than syllables.
After 200 years, Zaitsev, having absorbed his previous experience, moved on. According to his method, there is no need to purposefully learn letters at all. They will simply learn themselves in the process of playing with manuals on which warehouses are written. For the first time, he tried a method of quickly mastering a language using warehouses on his cubes.
Then there were tables. Here Zaitsev relied on experience (a system of reference signals) and Erdniev (an enlarged unit of didactics). He created tables through which a huge amount of information was transmitted in a minimum number of characters. Correct location These tables on the walls allowed information to quickly appear in memory.
Zaitsev’s methodology broke the main stereotype of traditional teaching: the rule-exercise, and moved away from the scattered and unsystematic nature of the material. Moreover, this neurophysiological approach ensured high voluntary mobility of the child during training with minimum load on vision.
The innovative teacher set himself the goal of teaching children reading, writing, literacy and numeracy without cramming or imposition. While studying at the institute, he already realized that traditional education is not effective. His system was developed in the same direction. He left traditional scheme training: exercise-task. Only a game, only what is interesting and no violence. Nikolai Alexandrovich laid down the following principles in his system:
They allow you to give a powerful impetus to the child’s natural abilities, pushing him towards self-development.
“The essence is simplicity and consistency!”
The technique is very child-friendly. Since classes are held in the form of a game, there are no:
Zaitsev's classes are very noisy and relaxed. The author has developed hundreds of games, so everyone new lesson not similar to the previous one.
Classes are equipped in a special way:
The material is given to the child immediately in its entirety on tables, and he can assimilate it at his own pace. All warehouses are systematized on cubes and wall tables. Each cube has a row and a column in the table. After working with the cubes, the children run with a pointer to the tables in search of the necessary warehouses. They involuntarily go through dozens of options, easily remembering them. The high systematic nature of the benefits allows children to quickly grasp their algorithm.
Between the tables with warehouses there are “Hundred Counting” tables, using which children learn to add and subtract two-digit numbers.
Lessons are naturally competitive: everyone wants to give the correct answer as quickly as possible and peers at the table from anywhere in the class. This is how you are forced to start reading tables from different distances, and your vision is involuntarily trained. Students spend most of the lesson moving with their heads raised (looking at the tables), strengthening their posture. In such an environment, children think more actively, and the learning process proceeds effectively.
The cubes are designed for teaching reading, primary literacy and writing. The set contains 52 cubes (7 repeating ones, for words like dyad-dya). Each cube has warehouses marked on it, there are 200 of them in total. The cubes in the set differ in various ways:
These features help children feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft, and remember different characters:
While playing, children remember the shapes and features of the cubes. From warehouses it is easy to form words. Then all this is built into a coherent grammatical system. Getting to know warehouses begins with cubes and ends with tables.
Zaitsev's tables are highly systematic visual teaching aids on which all educational material is modeled.
The tables present all the material at once and are hung on the walls.
They create a learning information environment. Tables are multifunctional intermediaries between students and mentors:
Tables and cubes are inseparable parts of the learning process.
The Zaitsev system is often used in kindergartens to teach children:
Zaitsev has developed and tested all these areas special techniques and benefits. In addition to teaching a child writing, reading, and counting, Zaitsev’s methods involve introducing children to the world around them.
At the age of 3, children experience a crisis in the formation of their personality, which is associated with the formation of their own self. A child who does not understand what is required of him and why refuses to follow the rules proposed by adults. The child begins to neglect his own safety.
The introduction of such areas as anatomy, ecology, and geography into the kindergarten curriculum is quite justified. As children get to know themselves, they consciously follow the rules proposed by adults. It is at 4-7 years old that a child easily navigates:
And for this, the baby must understand his structure, know about things that are useful and harmful for him. Moreover, after anatomy, botany appears, and then zoology. This signifies the importance of man in nature. And geography is the path to peace.
Everything is connected here: anatomy is the path from oneself to the world, and geography is from the world to oneself and from oneself to the world.
In kindergartens with such items, injuries are rare, children are not afraid of doctors, strive for physical education, are non-aggressive, neat, eat properly and strive to learn even more about the world around them.
Zaitsev’s pedagogy of cooperation is very non-aggressive and gentle towards the child:
Zaitsev's methodology is part of the pedagogy of cooperation. The main thing in it is the creation of a learning environment and a mentor.
Doctors, psychologists, valeologists, physiologists, and teachers speak well of Zaitsev’s method. The system is based on natural, natural reactions of the body; it very easily adapts to the conditions of a kindergarten, school or home, groups of children of different ages and composition. Shows itself well when working with special children.
Here are its advantages:
Many years of use of the Zaitsev system in kindergartens, development and rehabilitation centers, and schools revealed some shortcomings:
The paradox of our country: a methodology that is not recognized by the state educational system is widely known and used not only in Russia and the CIS countries, but throughout the world (in Europe, Australia, the USA, Israel). Specialized centers for training hare teachers have been opened in 86 countries around the world.
The author of the methodology can easily adapt it to any language in the world, which means it is possible to create an international pedagogical complex. There are already methods in Russian, English, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kazakh, Tatar, Armenian and French.
Zaitsev has hundreds of like-minded people and followers. For example, Elena Grigorievna Afanasova, a valeologist from Moscow, herself develops training manuals according to the Zaitsev system, and has been successfully teaching children and training teachers for 10 years.
When choosing an early method of child development, parents Special attention pay attention to systems that make it possible to teach children to read without any problems. According to reviews, today Zaitsev’s program is considered the most popular.
Talented Russian teacher N.A. Zaitsev insists in his teaching methodology:
To achieve maximum effect when using Zaitsev's technique, it is necessary to create the right learning environment at home. It is advisable to purchase tables and cubes for games with the family. At the same time, it is important to keep didactic material in working order and keep order in the nursery.
Let's take a look at what the manual for step-by-step reading according to Zaitsev's method is:
Before starting the lesson, carefully read methodological recommendations author and select the game. The lesson time must not exceed 20 minutes.
The technique is based on the use of storage blocks in fun game. Basic examples of conducting classes:
Reading according to Zaitsev’s method will be effective only if you strictly follow the author’s recommendations.
According to teachers who use Nikolai Alexandrovich’s technology, the following statistics were compiled:
The children who began studying using this method at the age of three knew the 5th grade curriculum of a general education school by the time they entered the first grade.
Parents and teachers highlight the following advantages:
Reading allows a little person to develop harmoniously from an early age.
The training system of the St. Petersburg teacher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev became very popular. Zaitsev’s teaching methodology is based on the idea that the elementary particle of speech is the warehouse.
A warehouse is a pair of a consonant with a vowel, or a consonant with a hard or soft sign, or one letter. Zaitsev wrote these warehouses on the edges of his famous cubes.
When a child begins to speak, he does not pronounce letters separately, he says “ma”, “pa”, “ba”. This method was used on cubes. Learning with Zaitsev's cubes takes place through play, children sing syllables, clap their hands, jump and run. In the same way, children get acquainted with mathematics through play. Zaitsev developed special tables on which children perform arithmetic operations.
Training according to Zaitsev’s method is not only tables of syllables and arithmetic operations, but also toys that make different sounds, musical instruments, cubes with cut pictures, puzzles, construction kits, etc. Moreover, created in kindergarten or at school, the learning environment must be supported at home as well. Tables should be hung around the apartment, any household activity should be accompanied by certain methodological instructions, and a lot depends on the spirit that reigns in the family.
Zaitsev's cubes differ in 46 characteristics. Large and small, “iron”, “wooden” and “gold”. The cubes weigh and sound differently.
“Golden” cubes ring, “iron” cubes rattle, “wooden” cubes make a dull thud.
Sounds help children feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft.
Learning is helped by singing blocks and chains of warehouses to several tunes. The size of the letters and signs in Zaitsev's tables and on Zaitsev's cubes is sufficient so that they can be perceived by a child from a distance of several meters without any strain.
The counting method, based on Zaitsev's tables, is offered to children from three years old. A four-color ribbon with numbers from 0 to 99 in numbers and in the form of grouped objects - circles and squares. Even three-year-old children are able to find any ordered number on the tape in a very short time. Even and odd ones differ in color, and the composition of the number is also clear to everyone: the number of tens, units.
Cut cards represent a number in its ratio to a hundred (for example, 54 filled squares in a matrix of 10 * 10 cells and 46 unshaded ones).
Children 4-5 years old easily move on to adding and subtracting within a hundred; first-graders do this after a few lessons, avoiding months of familiarization with numbers and sitting for a hundred hours in ten.
The transition from the number tape to table 1 helps to speed up addition and subtraction operations within a hundred, bring them to automaticity and move on to mental calculations earlier than the deadlines provided for by traditional programs.
Six cubes and table 2 will help children master writing and reading three-digit numbers, create figurative ideas about their composition - the number of hundreds, tens, units.
Table 3 will introduce students to the writing and naming of multi-digit numbers.
Zaitsev's manuals will be interesting and useful to all children. Classes with Zaitsev's Cubes are based on play and children learn while enjoying the lessons.
The game-aid "Skladushki" is intended for teaching children early (from 3-4 years old) reading in a storage system. The warehouse system of teaching children early reading is now widespread. In addition to the fact that children initially learn to pronounce warehouses in this system the way they sound in words, the warehouses themselves are located in a strictly defined way. This game is a popular system of teaching reading to young children by the famous St. Petersburg teacher N. Zaitsev, revised by V. Voskobovich.
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Every parent wants his child to be the most developed and the most intelligent. Parents feel great pride when their child reaches the age of three or four years calmly reads advertising signs while sitting in a car or passing by. Training always begins with choosing a methodology, of which there are now many. Teaching reading using Zaitsev's cubes is the most effective for working with the smallest children.
Zaitsev’s original method has been in existence for more than twenty years. Despite this, it is constantly being improved. Today, many games and techniques have been created that complement the basics. Using this technique, even the smallest children successfully learn to read and write. For example, for a six-year-old child, a couple of lessons are enough for him to start reading.
Zaitsev’s method is suitable for both children who love to play quietly and restless, active children.
This method of teaching reading is suitable for children with poor hearing, vision and mental development disorders. Reviews indicate achievement excellent results. Children with autism also show good results.
Zaitsev in this technique involved all types of perception, such as visual, auditory, motor, thinking, touch and memory. When working with children, the teacher must organize learning in a playful, relaxed manner and at the same time become a mentor for the children.
By studying according to Zaitsev’s method you can:
The kit includes:
Zaitsev's method uses an alternative to syllables - warehouses. There the warehouse is the basic unit of language. A combination of a consonant or a vowel, a hard sign and a consonant, or just one letter - all this is a warehouse. The basis of this technique is warehouse reading.
The hand is placed just below the chin, then a word is pronounced, the strength of the muscles, which is felt by the hand, is the warehouse.
According to Zaitsev's method, warehouses are located both in tables and in cubes. There is no analytical thinking in learning, since it develops only by the age of seven. The warehouses that are located on the cubes differ in size, sound and color. This is done to ensure the operation of all channels of perception.
This method does not have an authoritarian style of communication between the teacher and children. Here it is taken into account individually development and characteristics of each child. Classes are held exclusively in the form of a game. Children sing, move, dance, jump, and all this is accompanied by playing with blocks.
At the cubes different size. The large ones depict hard sounds, the small ones depict soft sounds. They come in both double and single. Double cubes contain consonants that are combined only with certain vowels (zhi-zhu-zha).
Metal denotes a loud warehouse, and wood denotes a dull one. Vowels are associated with gold. On the iron-wood colored cubes there is a hard sign, and on the wooden-gold colored cubes there is a soft sign. Cube white covered with punctuation marks. The color scheme of the letters is different from the school one. Vowels are indicated here blue, consonants are blue, and green indicates soft and hard signs. Zaitsev believes that the difference from the red, blue and green flowers, which are used at school, helps the child begin to read fluently.
As for the filling, it is different for the cubes. Those who are just starting to learn, first get acquainted only with cubes, a little later they will be introduced to the tables. The set contains fifty-two dice and seven more repeat dice.
The sets are:
Gluing the cubes yourself will take a lot of time. They need to be further strengthened from the inside. This can be done using a cardboard cube of identical size. After gluing is completed, it is recommended to cover the cube with rubber bands so that it does not fall apart during the drying process. To make the cubes stronger, It is recommended to cover them with film or laminate the scan. When choosing this option, it is recommended to duplicate each scan in order to have a supply of warehouses on which the words will be written.
Tables should be hung high to prevent visual impairment and scoliosis. If classes do not take place in a group, but individually, then the height is determined by the child’s raised hand. He must be able to reach the top of the table. Often tables are placed in the corners of the room to make it easier for the child to find the necessary warehouses. Tables are also wrapped in film to make them last longer. Tables are not important less game with cubes.
The technique involves singing all the warehouses. The author came to the conclusion that you can get a child interested in singing faster.
The cubes should always be in front of the baby’s eyes; first he will get acquainted with the manual, looking at it carefully. Let the child show the cube that interests him more than others. The warehouses that are written on the faces of the cube are shown by singing. Then you need to ask the child to find the cube big size, then small, wooden, iron, gold. This is necessary so that the child understands that the cubes have different sounds and have different sizes.
When the baby understands the essence of this information, he should be shown the syllable tables. You need to sing one column from the table and ask the child to bring the same warehouse on a cube. You need to sing expressively to demonstrate what kinds of warehouses there are: silent, voiced, large or small. Many people also use movement. The child does not need to sing the words in response until he himself wants it and comes to it.
A child can be taught to write using blocks or a pointer. Understanding the composition of words comes by regularly showing the words on the table and singing them. Playing various games, including moving ones, you can teach your baby to write. It is recommended to conduct classes regularly, day after day, even a little at a time, however, if it is clearly visible that the child does not have the mood to study, it is better to postpone it; in no case should it be forced.
In training it is necessary to involve child's favorite games. If the baby is active, games should be active. It is better to offer quiet entertainment to diligent children.
The technique is successful if all requirements are fully met, and not some selective elements.
Any technique in our time has its pros and cons, and Zaitsev’s cubes are no exception.
Advantages of the technique:
Disadvantages of the technique:
