Igor Nikolaev
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Are you planning to open your own business, but don’t know in what area and where to start? If you are thinking about a business like sheep farming, let's try to figure out together how to organize this business so that it makes a profit. It is not in vain that this business direction is considered profitable and promising not only for experienced livestock breeders, but also for beginning farmers.
Any business of your own begins with the development of a business plan. A competent business plan for sheep breeding is the first step to successful further development. Next, we will look at the main points that such a plan should contain. Before you start drawing up a plan, you should realistically assess your capabilities.
If there are enough of them, then the question arises of choosing the form of state registration.
Typically, a sheep farming business is registered in the form of a peasant business. farm(KFH).
To resolve this issue as quickly as possible, you should consult a specialist who will help you avoid errors in registration. necessary documents. To legally develop your business, you will need to register with the tax authorities and obtain the necessary permits from the fire and sanitary inspection authorities. To sell the resulting meat, you will need permission from the veterinary service.
The second point of the business plan, after state registration and obtaining the necessary permits, should be the land issue.
Rent or buy? A beginning farmer should try to minimize initial costs, so they usually choose renting as a more cheap option. And it will be easier to register a peasant farm. For example, issues with fire safety will be decided by the owner of the land, not the tenant. It is necessary to immediately provide for the initial number of animals, since this directly determines how much land is needed to feed it.
To ensure normal grazing conditions, one hectare of land is usually planned for one sheep.
When building sheep farming as a business from scratch, it is better to take a closer look at abandoned livestock farms, since on their territory, in addition to the pastures themselves, there may be livestock buildings that need to be repaired. This is significantly cheaper than building them from scratch. Sheep are unpretentious animals and do not have any special requirements for such structures.
Since these animals adapt well to almost any living conditions, at first an open pen is quite suitable for them, and in winter - a building that was once abandoned livestock farm. As the business develops and income increases, a successful entrepreneur can buy out the leased land. It is not at all necessary to buy land for grazing; at first it is easier and cheaper to rent it.
A separate item in the business plan must include the issue of purchasing the initial herd. A novice sheep breeder should learn more about the available breeds and, having decided on this issue, proceed to search for a supplier. This search should be carried out according to two criteria - how long has this supplier been on the market and what is its reputation.
In order to choose a suitable breed of sheep, you need to decide what products are of interest to you as an entrepreneur. Sheep provide wool and meat, and depending on your preferences in this matter, you should choose animals. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the productive indicators and fertility of the breed (or breeds) of the future herd.
In the Russian climate, breeding sheep for meat production is considered more profitable. However, this does not mean that you will throw away the wool. This stable source a good income, therefore, when planning to raise animals for meat, it is worth paying attention to the quality of the wool. Based on this criterion, sheep are divided into the following types of breeds:
For a novice sheep farmer, raising Romanov breed sheep is best suited. Its main advantages are high fertility and rapid growth in slaughter weight.
Already at the age of seven months, individuals of the Romanov breed, with proper maintenance and feeding, reach a weight of about 35 kilograms. Adult specimens weigh up to 90 kilograms (rams), and sheep of this breed can weigh up to 50 kilograms, which provides a novice entrepreneur high level profitability. The Romanovskaya breed belongs to the sheepskin-meat breed. In home or farm conditions, wool from these animals can be obtained three times in one year. One male of the Romanov breed produces about three kilos of wool, and a female of the Romanov breed produces about two.
If you take into account the income from the sale of wool in the business plan, the turnover will increase and the payback period will significantly decrease. One of the main advantages of this breed is its early maturity. Sheep of this breed are capable of producing from three to five lambs in one litter. Three lambs in seven months give an increase of about 110 kilos of meat. Accordingly, five lambs are about two hundred kilograms. The time of year for queens of the Romanov breed does not in any way affect her desire to mate. Within one year, a Romanov ewe can lamb twice. Don't forget about.
Sheep of this breed produce up to 110 kilograms of milk during the lactation period. This breed does not require any special conditions of maintenance and care. It is quite enough to provide the herd with a complete feed ration, and in winter provide it with a minimally insulated indoor space with a dry floor. Based on the above, sheep breeding experts advise starting a sheep breeding business with the Romanov breed of sheep. For the subsequent sale of products obtained in a household or farm environment, it is necessary to document the animals.
Such documents indicate the breed of the animal, its age, a list of past diseases and a list of vaccinations given. Strict maintenance of sanitary documentation will allow you to avoid problems in the future when selling meat, milk and wool.
In a household farm, the maintenance of animals is ensured by the owner and his family.
However, this is clearly not enough for any serious business. As a result, a mandatory item in the business plan should be hired personnel, their number and, accordingly, the cost of paying hired labor.
But if you manage to conclude agreements with dairy or cheese-making enterprises, then this will be a constant source of additional profit. Having established your business in terms of sheep breeding, it is worth thinking about other sources of income, for example. a small workshop for the production of sheep cheese or a workshop for sewing natural sheepskin products (belts, blankets, vests, slippers, children's envelopes for winter, etc.).
In this part, it is necessary to take into account, on the one hand, all expected expenses, such as: purchase of the initial herd, rent for pasture land and agricultural premises, wage fund, overhead costs (transportation, temporary workers, utility bills, purchase of feed, tax payments, etc.). On the other hand, the “Revenue” column reflects the estimated revenue from the sale of meat, milk and wool, as well as animals for the breed.
Based on the debits and credits of your business plan, the payback period and the expected level of profitability of the business are calculated.
The average payback period in sheep farming is two years.
The main risks in this industry are the loss of livestock as a result of epidemics or natural disasters. However, such force majeure exists in any agricultural industry.
Sheep are hardy and unpretentious animals; they rarely get sick, so the risk of death of the herd outside of force majeure circumstances is low.
In any case, at the first stages of business development, a novice sheep farmer should seek help from professionals in this field, since it is quite difficult to independently develop a competent business plan and implement it without sufficient experience.
In conclusion, I would like to say that although the average profitability of sheep farming as a business is low, the right approach it guarantees a stable income.
Business plan for creating a sheep breeding farm with a permanent population of 1000 heads.
A sheep farm is a fairly expensive project. Especially if we're talking about about the construction of a farm on a “bare plot”. In this case, the initial investment can amount to tens of millions of rubles. It is optimal if the building of a former state farm/collective farm is used as a premises, of which there are quite a few left in our country after the collapse of the USSR. The costs of opening a farm, according to preliminary calculations of the business plan, include:
Total - 5,400,000 rubles.
For profitable sheep breeding, it is necessary to have a natural food supply and pastures with rich grass. The best pastures are mountain ones, where cereals and leguminous plants with high nutritional value. It is worth considering that the size of the pasture depends on the number of herds. There should be at least 0.1 hectares per sheep. That is, for a farm of 1000 heads, at least 100 hectares will be required. The choice of sheep breed depends on the direction of the farm. If the main goal is to sell wool, then it is best to choose the Romanov breed of sheep. This is a popular coat sheep breed with high fertility. However, not all lamb lovers like the taste of this breed of meat. Therefore, if the direction of the farm is meat, it is best to breed sheep of the Edilbaevka and Gissar breeds. The latter can gain weight up to 140 kg. You need to be prepared to make a big investment in purchasing sheep. Breeding stock is not cheap. Sheep of the Romanov breed cost from 200 rubles per kg. That is, an adult dog weighing 40 kg will cost at least 8,000 rubles.
Of the personnel, first of all, milkmaids, shepherds (1 person for every 300 heads), sheep shearing specialists, a veterinarian (can be a visiting veterinarian), as well as slaughterers in the slaughterhouse will be required.
It is best to register a sheep farm in a peasant farm. The optimal taxation system is the Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT), in which the entrepreneur pays a tax of only 6% of the farm’s profit.
Download sheep breeding business plan
The most important thing in business is product sales. The search for potential sales channels for farm products should begin even before opening a business. Sheep meat can be sold to retailers at meat markets, restaurants, cafes and kebab shops in summer time. The average wholesale price of a kilogram of lamb is 200 rubles. Sheep wool can be sold to wholesale resellers, textile enterprises and other processing enterprises. The average price of sheep wool is 100 rubles per kilogram. The sale of young sheep (lambs) can provide significant income to the farm. A lamb weighing up to 15 kg will cost at least 3,000 rubles. Young stock is actively purchased by beginning farmers and owners of private farms. You can advertise farm products via the Internet, post information on bulletin boards and specialized platforms for the sale of agricultural goods.
According to various estimates, the annual cost of maintaining one sheep is 5-6 thousand rubles. Costs consist of: rental payments for land, wages of farm workers, utility costs, feed costs, veterinary costs, taxes and other expenses. That is, it will take about 5 - 6 million rubles a year to maintain 1000 heads. Now let’s calculate how much you can earn. Within a year, with proper fattening, the lamb will grow to a weight of 50 kg. The selling price of a kilogram of lamb is 200 rubles. It turns out that we will earn about 10,000 rubles from one carcass. From the sale of 1000 heads - 10 million rubles. Next is wool. It is possible to shear about 10 kg of wool per year from one Romanov sheep. Accordingly, from 1000 heads - about 10 tons of wool per year. In monetary terms, this means revenue of 1,000,000 rubles.
It follows that the profit of the farm can amount to about 4 - 5 million rubles per year, subject to 100% sales of all products produced. In practice, everything can be somewhat more complicated. Costs may be slightly higher (for example, due to a sharp increase in the cost of feed), or it may not be possible to sell the farm’s products in full. Thus, the real profitability may be somewhat lower, and the return on the initial investment may not occur earlier than after 2 - 3 years of work.
We recommend download sheep breeding business plan, from our partners, with a quality guarantee. This is a full-fledged finished project, which you will not find in the public domain. Contents of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions
Sheep breeding will not bring excess profits to the entrepreneur in the initial stages of the business. This will require serious start-up investments and time for the business to start turning a profit. When drawing up a business plan, the following points are mandatory:
Sheep are not picky about their living conditions, which means that an ordinary pen built of wood is suitable for them. Availability heating devices and equipment will be needed only if the farm is located in the far north. To collect wool you will need to purchase special machines.
To register a sheep breeding business, you must select OKVED code 01.22.1, sheep and goat breeding. This group refers to animal breeding, production of raw milk, wool and down.
To sell products, the sheep farmer will need to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on production volumes. Less permitting documentation will be required to register an individual entrepreneur: a photocopy of the passport, IND code, as well as a receipt for payment of state registration. duties.
If a businessman rents premises, then permission from the sanitary and epidemiological supervision and fire inspection will be required. In the future, sales representatives will definitely need a veterinary certificate to sell meat.
To avoid interspecific mating, it is better to buy sheep from different sellers. This will entail an increase in productivity, and therefore profits. Pay attention to the breed of animals, because for selling meat the best option is Romanovskaya, and for wool - prekos and Russian longhair. The first time a sheep is born, it may require the presence of a specialist veterinarian. Young lambs should not be overfed and should not be separated from their mothers until after 4 months. At this age they can already be sold.
Sheep farming today is not very popular among novice businessmen. However, raising sheep for meat as a business, with the right approach to business, can become profitable area activities. The whole difficulty lies in the fact that before you get a delicious product in the form of meat, you need to raise a ram from a lamb. We recommend that aspiring entrepreneurs read this business plan and become familiar with the features of the business. The results of the market analysis indicate a low threshold for entry into the described field of activity and high chances of success.
| Starting investments: | 4 million rubles | The number of employees: | 5 |
| Planned income per month: | 350,000 rub. | Market competition: | low |
| Approximate monthly expenses: | 230,000 rub. | Payback: | from 2-3 years |
Recently, sheep meat has become an increasingly popular product and takes its rightful place on consumers’ tables. Statistics confirm the annual increase in demand for it (one person eats one and a half kilograms of lamb per year). In such a situation, the price for it remains stably at a high level. This circumstance is due to the fact that meat production does not keep up with demand.
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Modern government policy is focused on import substitution, and this opens up new opportunities for domestic business in the field of livestock farming. Organizing an enterprise for raising sheep for meat is a troublesome task, but promises good profits. You shouldn't expect instant super profits here. In order to make money, the first thing you should do is choose a suitable breed of sheep, organize a place for grazing them and carefully consider the scheme for selling products.
The market can be characterized as low-competitive and developing. Where to begin? A novice entrepreneur needs to occupy and strengthen himself in a still free market niche. A properly selected breed helps increase the profitability of a business. For this reason, fat-tailed and meat sheep, as well as hybrids, are more often bred. Before choosing a breed, you should familiarize yourself with their diversity and purpose.
If you are focusing your business on meat production, we recommend raising the following breeds of sheep:
Meat sheep are more hardy, quickly gain weight and are resistant to diseases. It is recommended to purchase the first rams with an experienced breeder. We do not recommend that a businessman immediately invest all his funds in sheep breeding. It is better to gradually increase momentum and systematically increase the number of flocks.
The success of your business depends on how well you think things through. It is necessary not only to raise sheep to the required weight, but also to breed offspring. This is the key to a successful future of the enterprise being created. At eleven to twelve months the ewes are ready for fertilization. One hundred queens are ready to give birth to offspring of up to eighty heads.
A mature sheep is subject to slaughter. They can also be sheared, in which case the entrepreneur receives additional income from the sale of wool. To improve the health of the flock, slaughter should be carried out regularly. Most often, old queens and mature rams are slaughtered.
The rather complex specifics of business oblige a novice businessman to consult with a professional. But if this is not possible, then you should pay attention to following points:
Business advantages:
The disadvantages include:
To resolve this issue, we will need to consistently think through the key stages of preparing a business plan for sheep breeding.
Commercial activities should be in the form of a legal or individual. However, if the intended scope of activity is limited to the organization household, then you don’t have to register the enterprise. In this case, meat can be sold among acquaintances, relatives, friends and for one’s own needs. It is recommended to start raising sheep at home by setting up a peasant/farm enterprise.
When deciding to register a business, they most often choose between an LLC and an individual entrepreneur. The choice should be made based on the planned volumes of activity. Beginning entrepreneurs can limit themselves to creating an individual entrepreneur, however, if a significant increase in the number of flocks is expected in the foreseeable future, it is recommended to immediately register an LLC. Growing sheep on an industrial scale is based on the LLC organization.
The described field of activity corresponds to the code “01.22.1 – Breeding goats and sheep” (according to OKVED). For the civilized and legal sale of products, you will need to obtain a veterinary certificate.
Raising sheep involves feeding them on pastures. A suitable field needs to be rented for a long time and put in order. The entrepreneur will need to sow it with annual grasses, such as sudanese, clover and mogar, and perennials, such as alfalfa, sweet clover. On average, one sheep eats up to 8 kilograms of fresh grass daily. A flock of sheep is turned out for feeding every day for two to three hours.
How to determine the size of a suitable pasture? In solving this issue, one should proceed from the following norm: to raise a flock of one hundred animals, you need a land plot of 10 hectares. In such a situation, fields located in villages remote from the city (abandoned farms, bankrupt state farms, etc.) are ideal.
For keeping animals in winter time year it is necessary to provide a wooden pen. You can also rent it or build it yourself. Since animals can withstand the Russian winter, a heating system is not needed (the temperature in the stall should not be lower than -15 degrees). In the most severe frosts, you will need to install a potbelly stove. Vacant areas of old farms can retain housing for livestock.
It is advisable to find a place where there will be nearby locality. This is because you will need workers and infrastructure elements such as roads, electricity, etc. The price of a land plot depends on the level of infrastructure development and its distance from the city.
Ideally, for sheep breeding there should be the following buildings:
Land required:
The area of the stall must be calculated based on the norm: there must be at least three square meters of area per animal. It must have ventilation and windows to allow entry daylight. The roof must have good hydro and thermal insulation. The floor can be made of wood or concrete, and the top is covered with straw.
The following equipment will be required:
Daily feeding and care of the flock of sheep is provided by qualified personnel. He must understand animal husbandry and preferably have experience in the agricultural sector.
The following personnel will be required:
If an entrepreneur does not think through meat sales channels in advance, he risks not having time to sell it and incurring losses.
Lamb can be sold in places such as:
The quality of products must be confirmed by certificates. Sheep meat can be sold individually or as a whole. Wool and skins can also be sold, in this case you need to negotiate with the factories involved in their processing.
Investment costs include:
Mandatory monthly payments:
To develop your business, you can receive a grant from the state or take out a loan on preferential terms. The growing period of one lamb reaches seven to ten months. All this time, the entrepreneur is required to make monthly payments without having the main profit. The profit received from the sale of meat will fully recoup the entrepreneur’s investment in approximately two to three years. To do this, it is important to properly organize housekeeping.
The following activities will help increase business profitability:
A ready-made approximate business plan can be downloaded for free on the Internet.
Romanov sheep were bred in Russia. Naturally, the climatic conditions of the regions are taken into account. Breeding Romanov sheep at home has no restrictions. These animals easily endure even harsh winters. There is no need to heat barns even at –30°. Sheep only need straw bedding.
The Romanov sheep is a coarse-wooled meat-and-wool breed. The main advantages are excellent coloring, good live weight, high-quality wool and high fertility. Sheep quickly come into heat, successfully cover themselves and lamb up to 3 times within 2 years. Moreover, one female often gives birth to 2, 3 and even 4 lambs. By breeding this breed, you can simultaneously implement several business ideas.
Speaking about the Romanov breed sheep, we should immediately note their main advantages for the farm:
By purchasing a small herd, you can quickly expand your sheep farm.
Romanov sheep are very prolific. In 1 year, from 20 heads, the livestock increases to a full-fledged herd of 100 pieces. bright and rams. This is an excellent indicator for a small farm.
Lambing of a Romanov breed sheep will begin no earlier than 5 months after fertilization. Yes, this is a fairly long pregnancy period. But the lambs are born strong and strong with good weight. But here a lot depends on the quantity in the offspring:
Interesting fact! When the lamb is 100 days old, it is time to wean it from its mother. If the lamb is a low-fertility litter (1-2 pieces), by this time its entire litter is already 25 kg! If there is a multiple litter – 16kg.
Only lambs of low-fertility litters that have lambed do not require care. If their number per lamb is 3 or more, then they need additional feeding, since there is not enough mother’s milk for everyone.
At 4 months, the offspring reaches sexual maturity.
Everything that goes into the diet for feeding sheep and in what quantities according to daily norms is indicated below in the tables. You can also focus on the planned increase in live weight. Feed consumption indicators are indicated on average per head per day.
Table 1. Fattening of Romanov breed sheep:
Table 2. Diet for queens:
| Feed | Diet | |
| walking period | stall period | |
| The first half of suyagnost | ||
| Meadow hay | 1.3 kg | 1.0 kg |
| Mixed grass silage | — | 2.0 kg |
| Compound feed | — | 0.3 kg |
| Potato | 0,5 | — |
| Branch food | — | 1 kg |
| Food waste | 1,5 | — |
| The second half of suyagnost | ||
| Legume-cereal hay | 1.0 kg | 1.0 kg |
| Mixed grass silage | — | 1.0 kg |
| Wheat bran | 0.3 kg | 0.3 kg |
| Food waste | 1.5 kg | 1.0 kg |
| Compound feed | 0.6 kg | 0.5 kg |
| Potato | 0.3 kg | 0.3 kg |
| Branch food | 0.5 kg | 0.5 kg |
Table 3. Feeding diet for young animals:
In summer, hay, straw and succulent forage are replaced by green grass in pastures. This should be taken into account when calculating the cost of feeding the herd.
When breeding Romanov sheep as a business, it is effective to develop several areas of activity at once:
Includes awn and down. Transitional hair (thick, without curls) may also be present. Its presence deteriorates the quality of raw materials. Sheep are sheared 3 times a year (in March, June and October). Wool yield: for rams - 2-4 kg, and for sheep less - 1.5-2 kg. On average - 65-80%.
The following parameters are used to evaluate sheepskin:
Distinctive properties of sheepskin:
Optimally dark gray with a blue tint. Unacceptable - reddish tint and too light color.
The highest quality fleece is obtained after shearing 5-6 month old lambs that have not been sheared before.
Romanov sheep are distinguished by good meat gain for the spent feed. At the age of two months, young lambs are castrated. They grow quickly. At six months their weight is already 50 kg: they can be sold live or as slaughter.
If you grow a Romanov sheep up to 11 months, its weight will reach 70-75 kg. The yield of clean meat is 50%.
After lambing, a nursing ewe produces 1.3-1.5 liters of milk. This is enough to feed 3 lambs. If the female produced less, then the high milk productivity of the Romanov sheep can be used for the benefit of business.
One individual produces 100-300 kg of milk per 100 days of lactation. The udder of these sheep is well developed and convenient for milking. The content of fats and proteins in sheep's milk is twice as high as in cow's milk. Therefore, much more dairy products can be prepared.
At 3.5-4 months, females become sexually mature. But the first mating is recommended when the animal’s weight reaches 38-40 kg. When lambing time approaches, the ewe bleats loudly and often lies down.
A few days before lambing, the hair between the hind legs needs to be trimmed. Childbirth, as a rule, occurs without complications - and no assistance is needed. It happens that the lamb walks forward with its hind legs. Then it is necessary clean hands bring it back and try to turn the head over.
After lambing, the ewe and lambs are sent to a separate stall. They stay there for up to 2 months. If more than 3 lambs are born, the animal itself cannot cope with feeding. Part of the litter will have to be artificially fed.
Two-month-old lambs are moved to a separate pen - they will be sold.
The implementation of a business idea for breeding Romanov sheep will not require much investment. And the profitability is quite high. This breed is profitable!
The grading of sheep of the Romanov breed is segmented depending on the characteristics of the skeleton. There are three types of standard:
Individuals of different types differ appearance, skin and coat.
Features of animals with strong bone type:
Sheep with strong bones have the highest quality sheepskin.
What is the difference between the rough type:
Features of the gentle type of Romanov breed:
Lambs with a delicate bone type are not used for breeding. They are characterized by low viability and productivity.
Live weight of Romanov breed sheep:
A complete analysis of this breed cannot be contained in one article. Only the main advantages, differences and basic concepts are described here; other information can be found in specialized literature and reference books.
According to experts, livestock farming is not very attractive to entrepreneurs. However, animal breeding, including sheep farming as a business, has high profitability and is considered one of the most profitable activities in agriculture. This is due to several factors.
Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the relatively low profitability of the business, which is approximately 25-30%. Under unfavorable conditions, profitability can drop by up to 10%. However, much depends on the size of the enterprise and the experience of livestock breeders.
It really doesn't matter what field you want to start a business in. In any case, the first step is to create a carefully thought-out business plan. Let's take a step-by-step look at how to turn sheep farming in rural areas into profitable business.
Ideally, you should start by finding a suitable land plot. You can buy or rent land. Then you need to purchase sheep and hire workers. At least once a week you will have to bring the necessary things to the farm, once a year the sale of lambs, the purchase of feed and the necessary work on arranging the farm are carried out. It should be noted right away that organizing your own business requires solving many problems and issues.
Firstly, to raise sheep you will need pasture. When calculating the area, it is necessary to take into account that feeding one sheep and its offspring will require 1 hectare of pasture per year. Thus, the area of land will depend on the number of herds. In addition, the further north you purchase land, the more expensive it will cost you to maintain animals. You should calculate the profitability in advance and assess how profitable the enterprise will be for you in specific conditions, taking into account the costs of procuring feed, carrying out sanitary measures, and veterinary care.
Remember that grazing in the north can only take place from May to September. To learn all the features of a particular region, you can watch a training video on sheep breeding.
You can borrow funds to purchase or rent land. For example, many banks offer special lending conditions and low interest rates for agricultural enterprises, which is very beneficial for beginning businessmen.
If you are interested in sheep breeding, it is advisable to register your enterprise as a peasant (farm) enterprise. According to the law, you do not have to create entity. Registration of a peasant farm is almost the same as the creation of an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you will need to sign an Agreement on the establishment of a farm to be sent to the registration authority.
Besides, the following documents must be prepared:
In addition, you must obtain permission from SES employees.
Conventional cattle pens made of wood are well suited for raising sheep. For example, you can buy or rent an old abandoned farm or land that was left after a bankrupt state farm. Watch videos on the Internet, evaluate various advertisements for the sale of plots to find a suitable option. This will significantly save on the construction of pens. In case of severe frosts You can install a small oven in the pen, but in general sheep tolerate frost quite well. In addition, a good house for the shepherd should be provided.
It is best to purchase sheep from a certified farm, which will avoid serious problems with the animals and significant losses.
If you want to increase your livestock over time, it is best to buy animals from different farms. This will avoid interbreeding. To achieve self-sufficiency faster, you should start with two hundred heads. If you don't have good experience When choosing and breeding sheep, it is best to consult with experienced specialists.
As for the breed, the Romanov breed of sheep is the most popular among domestic farmers. In total, about 70 animal breeds are preferred in the CIS countries. In general, all animals can be divided into the following groups:
A significant expense item is the purchase of feed for winter season. The type of feed will depend on the region. In the event that you purchased land in a region unfamiliar to you. It’s best to check with your neighbors about what you should feed your sheep, and also look various videos recommendations and read articles from experts.
The cost of feed changes every year. You will need to calculate a clear business plan, taking into account possible changes, in order to estimate costs. According to the norm, one animal requires 2 kg of straw, 1.5 kg of hay, 100 grams of barley per day. You can also feed the sheep silage, root crops, and offer them twig food. In addition, it is necessary to give animals salt lick.
To avoid additional costs and possible problems We recommend that you prepare at least 30-40% more feed than is calculated, because the weather may get colder much earlier, and the warmth may come later than planned in advance. The weather is unpredictable. When drawing up a business plan, you should take into account the costs of animal processing and veterinary care.
The lifespan of a sheep is up to 25 years, but reproductive abilities are maintained only for 8 years. If an animal has special reproductive abilities, then it is better to keep it at court longer so that there is an opportunity to pass on this valuable quality to its offspring.
As already noted, four breeds are the most popular: Romanov, “meat”, Eddibaevskaya and fat tail.
It is advisable to start looking for key personnel at the stage of searching for a place for a farm and purchasing animals. Note that for every 300 animals a shepherd will be required. Also, for the successful development of a farm, it is necessary to find a good veterinarian, milkmaids, and sheep shearing specialists. A shearer may be a seasonal worker and come to the farm as needed. Of course, the main worker on a sheep farm remains the shepherd.
Find good man It is quite difficult to fill this position, who will immediately be able to perform the functions of a shearer, veterinarian, livestock specialist and manager. That's why wage such a specialist will be quite high. Standard terms hiring involves the transfer of about 50 heads of sheep into his possession, a percentage of the farm’s profit and bonuses that are given for weight gain, a high level of offspring and other merits.
If the entrepreneur does not plan to personally manage his farm, then the functions of the manager will be performed by the shepherd, so he must inspire complete trust in you.
However, with a small herd of up to 200 heads, hiring such a specialist will not be so profitable for you and it is better to take on the corresponding functions yourself. Of course, this will require a lot of effort and time from you, because the sheep must graze all day, but you can quickly become self-sufficient.
The rest of the workers are engaged in auxiliary types of work: feeding the animals and caring for them. It should be noted that there is a fairly high turnover rate among these workers. It is better to offer them a high salary and find the most reliable people in nearby villages.
Sheep farming as a business generates income through the sale of wool, milk and sheep meat. Compared to previous decades, the cost of wool has decreased significantly, so shearing and selling wool can only be assessed as an additional, but not the main line of work. Milk, which is used mainly for cheese production, is also not in high demand, so the main income will come from meat production.
Lamb is in fairly high demand with a very limited supply. In total, experts identify three main implementation methods:
Ideally, it is best to sell lamb through your own points in the markets.
This method will allow you to sell meat for cash and at a higher price.
Small sheep farms use exactly this method, since meat processing plants prefer to buy large quantities of 400-500 animals, and also often use deferred payments.
Large farms can also sell directly to the market, but this involves a lot of hassle for them. In addition, cafes, restaurants, and specialized meat shops purchase lamb. Having regular customers will increase profitability and achieve stable demand.
Large sheep farms with large areas and a sufficient supply of feed tend to keep the sheep until winter or early spring, when the purchase price of lamb increases significantly.
Let's consider a business plan for organizing a sheep farm for 300 heads.
Expenses:
The profit from the sale of meat will be, according to estimates, about 500 thousand rubles when selling 50 individuals at a minimum cost of 100 rubles per 1 kg. The sale of live animals will bring the same amount, and up to 150 thousand rubles can be earned from the sale of wool. As a result, the payback period is about 12-24 months.
Thus, we can conclude that sheep farming is very profitable and profitable business. These animals are undemanding to keep and grow quickly. Of course, you should always make detailed business plan to calculate how profitable it is to raise sheep under certain conditions. A training video containing useful information will help you with this. practical recommendations on the maintenance of specific animal breeds.
Demand for lamb remains consistently high, with no sharp price increases expected in the coming years. Certainly, this plan action gives you only a rough idea of how much money you will need to start your business. Specific numbers will depend on the region, sheep breed and herd size. But in general, we can say that such a business can bring very good income to an entrepreneur.
If you decided to start a business and chose sheep farming, then you made the right decision. In the field of agriculture, animal breeding is one of the attractive areas with high profitability. But first, assess your capabilities, make a plan and go through the state registration procedure.
There are several important features sheep farming
These include:
Under unfavorable conditions, the profitability of sheep breeding may drop to 10%, but this will depend on the size of the enterprise and the quality of the business organization.
In accordance with Federal law“On Peasant (Farm) Business” any business related to the supply, processing, transportation or sale of agricultural products must be registered with the tax office.
Documents for registering a farm:
Also receive documents from the sanitary and epidemiological station confirming that sanitary standards for keeping animals they comply with all rules.
After successfully registering a farm and obtaining all the necessary permits for carrying out activities, you should begin searching for a plot of land. Land can either be purchased or rented, but keep in mind that keeping 1 sheep requires 1 hectare of land per year. In connection with these indicators, calculate the area of the land plot. If you do not have sufficient funds, you can get a loan from a bank to create or develop an agricultural enterprise, so there should be no problems with buying or renting land.
When choosing a room for keeping sheep, make sure it is spacious and warm. Do not forget that the choice of premises for placing animals must correspond to all climatic conditions. The southern lands are characterized by buildings made of adobe brick, which is made from clay, sand and straw. In other places, you can use scaffolding, bricks, and blocks. For 1 sheep, taking into account winter lambing and a feeder, the area of the place ranges from 2.5 - 3 m2.
The floor covering can be wooden or earthen. The temperature in the room should be no lower than 5 degrees, and when the offspring are born, no lower than 15 degrees. There should be a dry bedding of straw on the floor, because sheep do not tolerate dampness well. The following must be installed in the sheep room: a feeder and water troughs.
For walking sheep in the open air, the yard is fenced off, because the animals stay on fresh air promotes better metabolism and develops immunity.
In the sheep business key point is the purchase of animals, because your profit will depend on them. You should buy sheep with special veterinary certificates that confirm the health of the animal.
At this time, 4 breeds of sheep are especially popular:
Sheep don't require special conditions in content and tolerate cold well. Life expectancy is about 20 - 25 years, but the animal can bear offspring only during the first 10 years of life.
Sheep can be bred not only purebred, but also through crossing different types breeds Reproduction can begin when the sheep reaches 60 to 80% of the weight of an adult animal.
One of important conditions To obtain a high-quality offspring is good nutrition of females and males. At the 3rd month, lambs need to be separated from their mothers and walked more in open pastures. Only if these conditions are met will the rate of growth and weight increase.
For a business to be profitable, it is necessary to properly care for animals:
The sheep get their main food while grazing on pasture, but it is worth noting that in the presence of cold winters, the grass becomes less nutritious. The amount of straw harvested for sheep directly depends on the grass eaten during walking, but on average, sheep need half a kilogram of hay per 45 kg of weight.
You can add alfalfa and clover to the diet, but these herbs are more expensive and are not included in the required diet for the animal. Watch the amount of grain you eat, because an excess of copper contained in it can be fatal. Try not to store sheep feed for more than a month, as it may become moldy or release toxic substances. The animal's diet must contain mineral supplement and fresh water. Special attention pay attention to the sheep's hooves so that there is no rotting.
Even at the stage of purchasing land and building a sheepfold, you should find personnel who will monitor the farm. The main worker on the farm will be the shepherd, who looks after the walking and feeding of the animals.
It is advisable to find a visiting veterinarian or take him on the balance sheet of the enterprise. And also take care of milkmaids and haircut specialists. In most cases, a professional shepherd performs all the functions of a veterinarian, security guard, livestock specialist and manager. It should be remembered that the salary of such an employee must be high.
For starting capital On average, a farm will need 1,500,000 rubles if you rent land. When purchasing a plot of land, the amount will increase significantly.
The cost plan looks like this:
When breeding sheep, you can get a variety of products: milk, meat, wool, smushki, fur sheepskins.
You won’t get much income from selling wool and milk, because setting up wholesale sales is not so easy. Initially, focus on selling meat, then gradually establish other sales of the product.
For correct construction sales of goods, the sales chain from manufacturer to consumer should be properly established. In this scheme, network companies engaged in purchasing finished products can also be an intermediate link. The sale can be direct: the manufacturer sells the product without intermediaries.
This sales option can be used if the farmer has his own meat shops or at the market. Indirect sales involve 1 to 2 intermediaries. It is carried out through sales in retail chains or small grocery stores.
Organization of sheep breeding is currently a profitable business, and payback occurs in 12-18 months. From the sale of meat products you can get from 6-8 thousand rubles, and if you sell the product individually, then up to 10,000 rubles. from one ram. Additional earnings can be from the sale of wool and milk - 200 -250 thousand rubles. The total is: 200 goals at wholesale- 1,200,000 rubles, for piece - 2,000,000 rubles. and higher. It is easy to calculate that with the right distribution channels, the business will pay for itself in one year.
The sheep farming business is the right investment for your money, because the demand for lamb is growing, and there are not many offers on the market.
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