Internal partitions in a house made of timber - an indispensable part of the building, which will allow you to delimit the space of rooms in a way that is convenient for the owners of the house. They can be built in several ways, depending on the financial capacity of the owner and the characteristics of the project. It is possible to install partitions in a house from a bar both directly during the construction of walls, and during work on redevelopment of the house. How can this be done, what is needed to build additional walls?
Partitions in log house it is customary to make of wood so that they fit organically into the common space. However, other design solutions. In some cases, the wooden frame is sheathed with drywall and other materials, and designer glass partitions can also be used in some interiors.
And yet the most common solution is the interior walls, made of the same material as the house itself - from thin logs or timber. There are several types of partitions:
For example, on such a partition you can attach bookshelf. They look aesthetically pleasing, as the surface of the beam allows you to equip a flat wall.
They can have a planed and non-planed surface, additional finishing can be any. Often, shield partitions are additionally finished with GVL to get a perfectly flat wall.
The internal partitions of a house made of timber are designed not only to delimit the space of rooms, but also to prevent the spread of sound. In addition, they act as an additional means of thermal insulation, as they retain heat well.
Bar partition - The best decision, as it will be both strong enough and easy to manufacture. In addition, it looks most organically in the interior of the house.
The device of partitions in a house made of timber is usually carried out simultaneously with the construction of walls according to the developed project. However, sometimes a five-wall log cabin is erected first, and only then the interior space is delimited by additional walls. It's not that hard to do, but it takes skill. carpentry and experience with tools.
For the partition, it is better to use dried profiled timber, as it gives minimal deformation during shrinkage, and it will be very easy to assemble the inner wall thanks to the protrusions and grooves on the upper and lower sides of the material. How to make a partition in a timber house? To do this, you need to know a few important nuances:
For a frame partition, a beam is used square section with a side of 5 cm, they begin to fasten it from the sides. The top strut should protrude from the ceiling by about 10 cm, it must be attached with long screws. This is necessary so that the partition does not interfere with the subsequent shrinkage of the timber house.
The frame bars are arranged in increments of 40-50 cm, the first frame bar is attached to the floor with anchor bolts. Under it, it is desirable to lay a jute insulation for soundproofing. Pins are inserted into the lower link, under which recesses are made in the next beam.
When a house is designed from a bar, the partitions are placed in such a way as to ensure a minimum number of walk-through rooms. Modern programs allow you to create a three-dimensional model and evaluate how convenient the location of the rooms will be, and where it is better to leave openings for door blocks.
A house made of timber allows you to build the maximum convenient layout. The location of the partitions can be any, which allows you to provide the necessary area of all rooms in the house.
A wooden frame is a complex of load-bearing walls made of logs that form external and sometimes 1-2 internal enclosing structures. If the purpose of the building is a residential building, inside you will need a device for interior fences that will divide the space into residential areas.
Partition in wooden frame can only be installed after the house has completely shrunk, when the risk of its deformation and destruction as a result of this process is reduced. Usually, the building is allowed to rest after assembly for 1-2 years, after which you can proceed with the installation of the internal parts of the layout. The design is not load-bearing, it takes only its own weight, therefore it does not require a reinforced frame and a separate foundation.
The main difference between a partition and a wall is that the former can be easily dismantled without damaging the floor and ceiling, if the owners decide to change the layout and put the fence in another place.
Qualities that an interior fence should have:
In most cases, interior fencing can be installed independently without the involvement of specialists.
What type of interior fence to choose:
Frame partitions in a log house are the most common and most affordable type of interior fences that you can install yourself. They consist of wooden frame, insulation and cladding. Their main feature is the variety of possible configurations during installation. Frame fence can divide the space into zones different shapes. When redevelopment, the structure is easily disassembled and transferred to another place for further service.
Joinery (panel) wooden partitions for a log house they are just as good as frame ones. They represent prefabricated panels to be installed on the frame rails. Partitions often do not require additional finishing, they can be varnished, colored composite materials with drawing. Their disadvantage is low sound insulation, although this parameter can be adjusted when ordering, buying or manufacturing, choosing the option that suits you according to the characteristics.
The cost of a carpentry partition depends on the type of construction and the materials used and starts from 250 rubles/m2 to 1500 rubles/m2 or more.
Solid partitions without a frame are attached to the ceiling and floor guides with a nail method or screwed onto screws. To disassemble such a structure, you will have to remove all the fasteners of individual boards or panels.
With independent construction, there is no desire to resort to the services of specialists in such a matter as installing partitions in a log house of a wooden house. We will analyze the method of construction of each type of enclosing structure.
For assembly, you will need the following materials and tools:
Stages of work:
This type of barriers can be installed in any houses: brick, concrete, stone, frame.
Shield screens can be bought ready-made or you can make them yourself. In the first case, you can significantly save time on the assembly of the product and its subsequent finishing, but you will not be able to save money. Self-manufacturing and installation of shields is best done before laying the finishing floor, so that the structure can be fixed on the logs. How to make a partition in a log house yourself:
Joinery structures can reach the ceiling or be 50-60 cm below its level. Such structures could be found in houses built in the 20th century in rooms with high ceilings hostel types and administrative offices ordinary employees.
Panel joinery and frame partitions are similar in design if the former are made of 2 or 3 rows of boards.
At its core, a frameless fence is similar to a shield one:
Such a partition cannot have a heater. Instead of boards, plastic or composite panels can be chosen.
Partitions can be not only static, but also mobile. Them independent production can be troublesome and costly, but with an understanding of the technology of their work experienced master is quite capable of handling this task.
Movable screens are sold complete with guides and all fasteners, so it is advisable to purchase a ready-made system. What types of structures are there?
Each system has an instruction according to which the installation of a movable fence is carried out. This is convenient to install in several cases:
Sliding canvas partitions will be useful in cases where it is necessary to visually delimit the space. There is no talk of any sound insulation and heat preservation.
If you wish to independently make a sliding partition in a wooden house from a log house, it is worth repeating the principle of operation ready systems and make the corresponding floor and ceiling profiles, to make canvases. Fasteners and roller mechanisms still have to be purchased.
Static and sliding partitions for a log house can be made and installed independently, lightweight structures will optimally fit into rooms with wooden walls and floors. In addition, the structures are easily attached to wood and hold well on it.
The main thing to remember: maintaining verticality and dimensional accuracy is a guarantee successful work. If the ceiling and floor rails are not attached parallel to each other, there will be a slight skew in the railing. Mobile systems are especially sensitive to accuracy. If the profiles are not attached parallel, the blades will simply not move or the process will be difficult.
Houses made of any kind of timber have a very flexible internal architecture. In them, without any problems, you can insert a new window, cut through a door or change the size / shape of rooms within the bearing walls. Partitions are one of the means by which the internal redevelopment of a house made of timber is carried out. The technology for installing partitions is largely universal and, with minor changes, is suitable for any type of house.
During redevelopment, it becomes necessary to divide a large room into separate sections, for which partitions are installed. If a house made of timber does not have interior decoration, which is not included in some house projects, and retains its structure, then when creating a partition, it harmoniously fits into the interior of the room. This applies to both timber partitions and frame partitions, which are easier to manufacture. One thing unites all partition structures - the need for reliable fastening to walls, floors and ceilings. After all, the partitions themselves do not have the necessary rigidity due to their small thickness, so the load-bearing walls of the house give them rigidity. Exist the following types partitions that are used in timber houses:
For the manufacture of such partitions, a beam is used, the thickness and texture of which correspond to the walls. This allows you to harmoniously fit such a partition into the interior. There are two types of timber partitions. The first ones are installed between two walls, for the second ones, a supporting frame is first made, and then it is filled with timber. The frame for the partition is created from a board or timber and attached to the floor and ceiling. This design is used if it is necessary to create not a blank partition, but to cut a door, window or arched opening into it. If the structure of the frame turns out to be too complicated for the use of timber, then it is sewn up with clapboard, the width and texture of which corresponds to the walls. In this case, the lining is fixed with hidden fasteners, so that the partition does not need to be disfigured with nails or self-tapping screws. A “comb” lock is cut on the frame beam, and a “groove” lock is cut at the ends of the boards. Thanks to this, the frame beam connects all the elements of the partition and gives them the necessary rigidity.
Plank partitions are in many ways similar to timber partitions, the difference is only in thickness. If it is not possible to fix the boards in bearing wall, then this type of partitions is used where the difference in the pattern of walls and partitions is acceptable. The advantage of plank partitions is the low cost of materials, so they are used in bathrooms and various utility rooms. In this case, the frame is formed by two vertical boards located side by side, which are attached to the walls or floor and ceiling. It is also permissible to install frame boards horizontally. Then cladding boards are inserted between them. Also, the frame can be made from one board and sewn up on one or both sides with facing boards, setting them at an angle of 90 °. Facing boards are fixed with nails and self-tapping screws. Also, the frame can be made of timber 2-3 times thicker than that of the board. In this case, a groove of the board is cut in the beam and inserted into it. Such a frame is made both in vertical and horizontal versions. The use of this type of frame allows you to embed doors, windows and various openings into the partition. For cladding, a planed board is used, side faces which are processed to create a tongue-and-groove lock. This configuration eliminates the appearance of cracks as a result of shrinkage of the boards.
This type of partitions is used where there is no need to be tied to the texture and color of the timber of the bearing walls. If the walls are plastered from the inside, sewn up with plasterboard or painted, then the surface of the frame partition is treated in the same way. In terms of material costs, this type of partition is the most economical, because a sawn unplaned beam or board is used for the frame, the cost of which is noticeably lower than that of planed lumber. In addition, the partition is sheathed with plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), and the cost of this material is noticeably lower than that of a lining or floorboard. Another advantage of frame partitions is the ability to adjust sound absorption. This is achieved by inserting sound-absorbing materials inside the frame.
The best way to fasten timber and plank partitions to the wall is a tongue-and-groove lock. The groove is made in the form of a strobe on the wall, and the comb is cut at the ends of the board. This method of installation allows you to harmoniously fit the partition into the interior of the room. If for some reason this installation method is not suitable, a frame is created from a planed beam, cutting a groove in it, and a comb is cut at the ends of the boards or beams that will fill the partition. If appearance partitions may differ from the interior of the room, then unplaned bars are attached to the walls as a frame, and the board is attached to them with nails or self-tapping screws.
When choosing the type of partition, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for sound insulation, as well as the impact of aggressive factors - dampness, mold, open fire. The soundproofing of timber partitions cannot be increased due to the fact that both sides of it are part of the interior of the house. Therefore, sound insulation is limited by the thickness of the timber or boards from which the partition is made. The sound insulation of plank and frame partitions can be increased by installing sound-absorbing elements - mineral wool, polystyrene foam, foam rubber. The exception is wooden partitions, both sides of which have a direct impact on the interior of the house.
To increase the resistance of partitions to fire, rot and mold, boards and timber are treated with special substances. The first time this is done before assembling the partition, the second before the final grinding. If grinding is not required, then re-treatment is carried out after installation is completed, and then repeated once every 3–5 years.
Insertion of windows, doors and various arches is made depending on the type of partition. If the partition is made of boards or timber, then an opening is cut out in it and a casing box is installed. The box is fastened with a tongue-and-groove lock, and, depending on the configuration of the partition, the groove can be cut both on boards or timber, and on the casing. This box is needed to compensate for the seasonal shrinkage of the partition and increase its strength. The window or door is not attached to the partition itself, but to the casing using self-tapping screws. To embed these elements into frame partition, the skin is removed from it and the frame is redone, creating an opening of the required size. After that, a window or door is mounted, then the partition is sewn up, taking into account new elements.
When creating partitions in a house from a bar, it is necessary to take into account the seasonal shrinkage (shrinkage) of the material. In dry rooms, the change in height from floor to ceiling is somewhat less than in those where the humidity level rises periodically. These rooms include kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms and bathrooms. To compensate for the shrinkage of partitions made of boards or timber, each row is laid with natural insulation, for example, jute or flax. The top of the partition is made slightly lower than the ceiling (the difference depends on the moisture content of the boards or timber, the income fresh air to the room, average temperature and other factors). In most cases, a difference of 2 centimeters is enough. To hide the gap, it is sewn up with a decorative plinth.
After processing planed wood with protective substances, a pile layer rises on it, sharply worsening the appearance of the partition. In addition, in the process of creating partitions, mistakes are often made, due to which not all timber or boards fit exactly. Grinding eliminates these shortcomings. For grinding use various tape grinding machines, however, they allow you to process the surface of the partition no closer than 10–20 centimeters from any of the edges. Therefore, the edges of the partition have to be sanded by hand. After grinding, the partition is cleaned of dust and varnished. If necessary, various dyes are added to the varnish.
The partition is also painted, pasted over with wallpaper or tiles, plastered, and also applied various decorative coatings. For painting, the partition is first puttied, then cleaned sandpaper. For wallpapering, the partition is cleaned of dust and primed with glue. It improves the quality of the wallpaper sticker. For plastering or tiling, a plastic reinforcing mesh is used, as well as polyurethane adhesives. The use of cement glue is undesirable, because in the process of seasonal shrinkage, the surface of the partition changes its size, which leads to cracking and shedding of the glue.
This type of partition is used if redevelopment or division of the common space into zones is necessary in a wooden house. Frame partitions have the advantages that with a relatively small mass and thickness (up to 200 mm), thermal insulation can be significantly improved. At the same time, soundproofing is also created. Inside the frame, you can also carry out additional communications, for example, plumbing or electrical wiring.
The device of frame partitions includes racks, sheathing and strapping. Racks (frame) are made of metal profile, felling of soft wood or boards. For sheathing, plywood, drywall and other smooth surfaces are used. Inner space insulate various materials. They also provide soundproofing. Strapping is done with slats or boards. It is interesting that any interior walls can be installed by hand.
Interroom frame partitions are installed after shrinkage of the log house, like windows and doors. If the load-bearing walls are permanent and supporting, then the installation of partitions allows them to be removed or redone at any time. Although such a design is considered lightweight, it must withstand the natural loads in residential premises.
Such a wall is used, as a rule, in a wooden house, for example, in a log house. Exist interior partitions with and without a frame.
Photo #1
Such partitions are prefabricated and are considered the most economical. Their device makes it very easy to build a wall with your own hands. The frame can be made from boards of any wood 50 mm wide and about 100 mm long, which are installed vertically and tied up horizontal bar. They can be two-layer and three-layer. Frame-panel structures are made from various cut boards. It is best to use shields up to 40 mm wide and up to 150 mm long.
When performing two-layer partitions, the shields are placed vertically in 2 layers. And in three-layer shield partitions, the middle boards (usually they are thinner) can be placed horizontally. Frame-panel structures are assembled into grooves made on the floor and ceiling. The material is fastened with nails. The seams between the boards must be overlapped by the boards of the next layer.
Sound insulation of such partitions is provided by laying roofing material, cardboard, mineral wool, polystyrene and other materials between the boards. insulating material. It is necessary to protect the structure from excess steam vapor barrier film. And cover the surface gypsum plaster or sheathed with plywood or fiberboard. Double plastering is carried out on top of the shields.
You can make solid ones in a wooden house from a bar. The beam is going to spikes. The structure is attached to the surface of the floor and ceiling with triangular bars. The surface of the structure is sheathed with plasterboard, plywood, chipboard. You can also knock out a groove in the load-bearing wall and install a partition into it. This method is good to use in a wooden house, which has not yet shrunk. To avoid warping of the surface, wide boards must be split with an ax, and wedges should be inserted into the resulting cracks to form small cracks.
A solid frame partition can also be made two-layer. To do this, it is necessary to vertically install boards with a thickness of 35 mm and revet them with a layer of thinner boards (up to 25 mm) at an angle of 45 °. So that in the future the surface can be plastered, you need to use unplaned boards.
Such partitions do not have heat and sound insulation. The device only has the function of dividing the room into zones and may not even reach the ceiling. Executed from wooden planks required size, and tied with separate slats and panels. Cover the surface with varnish, paint or sheathe with precious woods or plywood.
In order to make a fence, you need to know the device of the floor in a wooden house. If the floor is located on the beams, then the frame can be installed on one of these beams. The strapping must be performed at a small - from 10 cm - distance from the floor and ceiling. If the floor is located on logs on the ground, then the partition should be placed on separate beams with gaps of 1 cm on all sides. The structure should not be placed on a clean floor - this makes repairs more difficult and sound insulation deteriorates.
Photo #2
Before installing the frame partition, you need to measure the room, make markings on the floor and on the walls. Bars and grooves for the future wall will be placed along the marking lines. According to the measurements, the racks are cut out and a frame is assembled from them. If it is planned to install a door in the wall, then its box is placed at the strapping stage. Additional racks are placed along the edges of the box and connected to the frame.
Video: installation and use of materials for laying in the frame
When assembling the frame with your own hands, you can use two methods.
In the first case, it can be assembled and installed as a whole, like a frame. Or you can assemble shields and elements separately (where frame-panel structures are used). The assembled frame is placed vertically and wedged, reinforcing with screws. End posts are attached to the wall. The lower trim is also attached to the floor with screws. The heads of the screws are recessed for subsequent embedding.
For the stability of the intermediate racks, bars and boards are attached across them. Before installing them, the angle at which the bars will be attached is measured. It must be straight.
From the outside, the beam is nailed directly with one nail through the rack, and from the inside - with two nails displaced at an angle. The head of the nail must be deepened.
Photo #3
A heat-insulating, steam-conducting material is laid inside the structure, which improves sound insulation. Previously, brick or dry slag was used for this. Now synthetic filler is used for these purposes, for example, mineral plates. It is laid and fixed after the sheathing is done on one side. Together with the filling materials, the necessary communications are carried out.
Photo #4
To save time and insulating material, it is better to use frame cells measuring 500 by 500 mm or 500 by 1000 mm. Thermal insulation boards are produced mainly in these sizes. Therefore, it is such a device that allows you to cut the slab in half or use the entire material, respectively.
Various materials using self-tapping screws. All screws and nails are covered with putty. When it dries, all surfaces are cleaned and the panel joints and corners adjacent to the load-bearing walls and ceiling are sealed. For this, vertical strips of various profiles, fiberglass tape or putty are used. The finished partition is pasted over with wallpaper, covered with paint and other finishing materials.
Photo #5
On interior partitions made in a timber frame, you should not assign the functions of load-bearing walls, support roofs or upper floors. Locations where accommodation is available lighting fixtures or household appliances, it is necessary to make reinforcement with the help of bars.
Those who decide to make a frame partition with their own hands need to decide on its type, material and their financial capabilities. It is also worth considering the ability to work with wood and other materials.
The construction of a wooden house involves the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls. After their shrinkage, internal partitions are made in the log house. They are designed to divide the interior into functional areas, providing heat and sound insulation. These walls do not contribute to the stability of the load-bearing walls of the log house and do not carry the load of the roof or upper floor. Internal partitions should be as strong as possible, fairly light, of small thickness, withstand the possible load of hanging objects (cabinets, shelves, plumbing), have sufficient soundproofing, and their surface should be suitable for finishing works. In addition, to ensure the necessary fire-fighting and sanitary-hygienic properties, they are built from environmentally friendly materials intended for residential premises, which have sufficient moisture resistance and fire resistance.
In a wooden house, you can make partitions of several types:
Solid partitions are usually made of wooden beam, the thickness of which is 50-100 mm. Thick plywood, fiberboard, drywall can be used for sheathing. To ensure optimal rigidity, the timber is connected with spikes (length 10 cm, diameter 1 cm). For installation and fastening to the ceiling and floor of solid partitions, triangular bars are used. If the structure is attached to a load-bearing wall, then it is simply nailed or a deformation groove is selected in the wall, which is used to install the structure.
Features of solid structures:
Frame-panel walls consist of a frame sheathed with a finishing material. The frame of such a partition consists of vertical racks of boards 50 by 100 mm, installed approximately 40 - 60 cm apart. To give them stability, they perform horizontal strapping. The voids between the posts are filled heat-insulating material(polystyrene, mineral wool), arrange a vapor barrier on both sides and perform sheathing of the structure. To do this, you can use plywood, drywall or sheets of gypsum plaster.
Features of frame-panel structures:
Shield partitions are a prefabricated structure in which the boards are located at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other. Such walls can consist of 2 or 3 layers of boards, between which roofing material or cardboard is laid to increase heat and sound insulation characteristics. For two-layer shield partitions, boards with a thickness of 20-40 mm are used, and for three-layer panels - 20 mm. The installation of shields is carried out in special grooves in the ceiling and floor. For finishing plaster walls.
Features of panel structures:
Back to index
Internal partitions in log houses rest on crossbars or beams.
Due to the relatively low weight, the inner walls do not require a foundation. It's just not recommended to install them on the floor. At the joints of the floor and walls, soundproof gaskets are arranged. In order to make a partition in a log house, it is necessary to take into account the shrinkage of the building. General rule for all types of partitions inside log house is the lack of linear dimensions. This means, for example, that a gap of 1 cm is left between the wall and the frame of the wall structure so that the frame does not deform over time and finishing materials. In houses made of timber or logs, a gap is left between the partition and the ceiling, the height of which is about 50 mm. This gap, as well as the places where the partitions adjoin the walls, are filled with antiseptic tow, previously soaked in a gypsum solution. The junction can be hidden with a beautiful wide wooden corner.
Separately, it is worth dwelling on the insulation laid in the partitions of residential log houses. It improves the distribution of heat in indoor areas and isolates sound. When choosing thermal insulation, it is worth stopping at the most eco-friendly material, such as ecowool, vermiculite or expanded clay. Can apply basalt wool, not forgetting the double-sided vapor barrier, which is mandatory in this case. Styrofoam is the most unsuitable material for residential premises: it is combustible and emits the dangerous colorless gas styrene.
