Cinder block is a fairly cheap material for the construction of low-rise buildings. In addition, you can build a building from cinder blocks with your own hands, without the help of specialists. To reduce the cost of such blocks, they resort to making cinder blocks themselves.
Cinder blocks are made at home only if you plan to build a garage or other outbuilding. If you plan to build a residential building, then it is better to buy a cinder block, or use, for example, foam concrete.
For small building you can build a mold for making material with your own hands. For mass production, you need to acquire a special machine designed for making blocks.
It is preferable to make a mold for cinder blocks from metal
To make a block with your own hands, the first step is to draw up drawings of the form and equipment. Usually, the mold for the material is designed so that the output is a block of standard sizes. But you can also make the block larger or smaller, depending on the type of construction and the goals pursued.
Necessary materials for work:
In production, the molds are made of iron or steel so that they can handle large volumes of solution, up to several tons. To produce such blocks with your own hands, you can use a wooden mold. In essence, you should get a formwork into which the cinder block mixture will be poured.
Thickness must be taken into account wooden sheets When taking measurements, make sure that the dimensions of the future cinder block are the inside of the mold.
Usually, To make it easier to remove the cinder block, the mold is made without a bottom, placing film underneath. But it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the base is level, as are the wooden parts. A flat table can act as a surface, concrete surface or sheet of iron.
To build load-bearing walls, hollow blocks are used, for which they use hollow bottles that form voids; they are pre-filled with water so that they do not float out of the solution.
To learn how to make a cinder block yourself, you need to know what is included in the mixture.
The mixture for cinder blocks has the following composition:
In fact, almost any construction waste is thrown into the mixture for cinder blocks, which is not entirely correct
For making cinder blocks with your own hands the following proportions must be adhered to:
For the manufacture of blocks, cement grade M-400 is usually used. Of course, it is better to use M-500 cement. In this case, it can be used 10-15% less.
Making blocks yourself allows you to save money. Cement, of course, will have to be purchased at the store, but the remaining components can be obtained for free. Water and sand are natural elements that are not difficult to obtain. Slag components can be obtained from almost any construction waste:
As you can see, slag components can also be obtained for free.
Material manufacturing process:
Finished cinder blocks are usually removed from the molds after 2-4 days. The material will fully harden after 28 days., only then can the blocks be used in construction. To prevent cracking of the resulting cinder blocks during hardening, they must be periodically moistened with water, especially if drying occurs in hot weather.
Voids in the block do not reduce its strength, but increase thermal insulation and noise absorption
The method described above is considered low-cost. It will be useful for those who want to build a small outbuilding. If you plan to mass produce cinder blocks, you will need special equipment, the price of which may vary according to some indicators.
The equipment for making cinder blocks is a vibrating machine. Prices per piece for it are completely different, and may differ in a number of indicators:
It is not recommended to stack blocks on top of each other during drying, but only after complete drying.
The quality of the structure directly depends on the quality of cinder blocks, so the process of their manufacture must be approached very responsibly. It is necessary to maintain drawings, observe safety precautions, and be competent in mixing the mixture and maintaining the required proportions.
One block measuring 188x190x390, costs from 22 to 65 rubles, depending on a number of indicators. But if you find out how to make cinder blocks at home, you can get the material even cheaper. The only thing you will have to spend money on is the equipment and materials needed to make cinder blocks.
In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you do not need to be a professional or undergo training. The process of making blocks is very simple. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, then there is no need to buy material; you can make it yourself even without special equipment.
If you plan to build a large building, for example, a house with several floors, then you will need special equipment capable of producing dozens of blocks per hour. This way you can increase the speed of construction.
How to make cinder blocks with your own hands at home is clear from the video:
Cinder blocks have both pros and cons - this is an indisputable fact. Only if you carefully study the information on the Internet, you get the impression that there are many more advantages. A reasonable question arises: why then is this building material not popular?
A little history
The cinder block was saved until today a name that has practically no relation to the definition of the material. The first blocks were indeed made from slag and cement, but today crushed stone, screenings and even broken parts of old brick are most often used as filler. Cement still remains one of the components of the cinder block. The manufacturing method has also been preserved: in special forms the mixture is poured in and either pressed or vibrated for a certain time.
Hollowness is very important parameter, which affects both the weight of the cinder block and thermal conductivity.
The cinder blocks are shaped like a parallelepiped with voids inside. The hollowness of the material is caused by the need to reduce weight and at least slightly reduce heat loss. After all, even a modern cinder block weighs about 15-20 kilograms, although it has voids inside.
The Hermitage garage, built in 1910 or 1911, is the earliest structure made from this building material that has survived to this day. This, by the way, is often mentioned first when people want to demonstrate the durability of cinder block buildings.
Analysis of the positive and negative sides
If this is not your first time on our website, you should have noticed the impartiality of our articles. We do not try to extol something that does not really deserve it, and at the same time we try not to forget about the advantages that others do not always voice. The pros and cons of cinder block are no exception, so prepare yourself for the objective truth.
pros
Minuses
Controversial issues
In this section we have included some features that we do not dare put into the pros or cons of cinder blocks. I don't want to be accused of subjectivity.
Instead of a conclusion
Cinder blocks have pros and cons no less and no more than other construction and repair materials. But we must admit that most of the shortcomings are the result of the activities of unscrupulous manufacturers. It depends on them what size, cost, weight, environmental friendliness, beauty and strength the cinder block will be. This is why, probably, many people switch to making cinder blocks with their own hands, when you can completely control the production process and be more or less confident in its quality.
We will not recommend the subject of review for the construction of a residential building. But if we are talking about sheds, garages, workshops or other auxiliary outbuildings, cinder blocks can be completely considered. At least there, the pros and cons are not as relevant as in a residential building.
Often, owners who want to save money on the construction of a low-rise building choose cinder block as a material. However, you can further reduce the cost of construction if you make cinder blocks yourself. I must say, this is very good decision, because the technology for making blocks is simple, and any owner can provide himself with affordable and high-quality building materials.
Cinder blocks should be considered a suitable building material not for all objects, but only for those where strict requirements for the material used are not required. This could be a garage or other outbuilding. But if you have to build a residential building, then we advise you to abandon such an idea and purchase cinder blocks from the manufacturer or replace them with foam concrete.
If you still want to make your own cinder blocks, you will need a special mold. You also cannot do without a special machine that will help you create your own blocks for construction.
In order for a cinder block mold to last several hundred cycles, it is best to make it from metal.
But at the very beginning you should think about drawings of the form and equipment. Without them, you may end up with something completely different from what you planned. Most often, a diagram of the shape of cinder blocks is drawn up so that it can be used to produce blocks of standard sizes. But you can change their parameters at your own discretion, focusing on the features of the object under construction and the goals you want to achieve.
So, to make your own cinder blocks, you The following materials will be required:
For the manufacture of factory forms, iron or steel is used, since such structures are able to withstand large volumes of solution, which can amount to several tons. At home you can make cinder blocks using wooden form. In fact, it will be something like formwork that you will fill with cinder block mixture.
But when making the mold, you should take into account the thickness of the wooden sheets so that finished goods did not turn out smaller than you planned.
Most often, to make cinder blocks at home, a mold without a bottom is used. In this case, simply put a regular film under it. This will help significantly simplify the process of making cinder blocks with your own hands. But for this you need prepare a level area for the production of building materials. The wooden parts of the form should also be smooth. The surface for production can be a flat table, a concrete surface or an iron sheet.
If you want to build load-bearing walls, then you can use hollow blocks. For them, you can take empty bottles that will help you form the necessary voids. But first they need to be filled with water, otherwise they will float out of solution.
It is impossible to obtain high-quality cinder blocks at home without having a special machine and without knowing how to prepare the mixture for them.
To prepare a solution for cinder blocks, you The following components will be required:
Very often, home craftsmen make cinder blocks from a mixture for which they use almost any construction waste at hand. This is a big mistake.
In the production of cinder blocks with necessary characteristics, you need maintain the correct proportions:
More often homemade cinder blocks made on a machine from M400 cement. Although, as experience shows, it is better to use M500 cement for these purposes. Then you can reduce its consumption by about 10-15%.
Cinder blocks are excellent for the construction of such an undemanding building material object as a garage. Moreover, they can be made from quite accessible raw materials.
The very idea of making blocks with your own hands suggests that you can save a lot on building materials. The only thing you'll need buy in store - cement. You can get all other components absolutely free. First of all, this concerns sand and water, which can be easily found near your place of residence. As for slag components, you can get them from construction waste:
Thus, it turns out that you won’t have to pay for slag components either.
For a more visual representation, we will describe the process of making cinder blocks as a sequence of stages:
Typically the block making process takes 2-4 days. However, the material will acquire its maximum strength only after 28 days. Only after this time can you use them to construct the planned object. At this stage, it is important to take measures to prevent the cinder blocks from cracking while they harden. To do this, they are moistened with water from time to time. This is a must first if you are making cinder blocks in hot weather.
Keep in mind that the presence of voids in a block does not in any way affect its strength characteristics. Moreover, they have a positive effect on its thermal insulation and noise absorption.
The technology described above will help you save as much as possible on making cinder blocks with your own hands. It should be used by owners who want to provide themselves with material for the construction small outbuilding. If you are interested in the serial production of cinder blocks, then you will need special equipment. Its cost may vary depending on certain characteristics.
You won’t be able to make durable cinder blocks without a vibrating machine. The cost of such equipment may vary; the price of the machine may depend on several factors:
If you want to get high-quality blocks so that the structure erected from them will last a long time, you need follow the following recommendations:
On average, standard blocks measure 188 x 190 x 390 in stores cost 22-65 rubles. It follows from this that you can save even more on material if you are able to master the technology of making cinder blocks with your own hands at home. True, you will first have to purchase equipment and materials, without which you will not be able to properly make cinder blocks for construction.
Although wood and brick are traditional materials for construction, not all owners want to spend money on them. After all, there are more affordable building materials - cinder blocks, which many owners have learned to make at home. Particularly attracted to them simple technology , because making cinder blocks with your own hands does not require a special machine and materials. The mold for the blocks can be made from wood, and the only materials you will have to buy for the mixture will be cement. Therefore, if all the requirements are met exactly, you can produce blocks of fairly acceptable quality.
I found some info
Repairing the walls of a cinder block house with your own hands.
(from personal experience)
Cinder block houses built in the 50s - 70s are slowly beginning to show cracks. And not just any cracks, but good cracks. The reasons for the cracks may be different, but the main thing is that before our fathers and mothers had nowhere to live, but they wanted to live like all normal people in their own home, so they built houses from what they had and said at the same time: “on our a century is enough." During construction, they saved on literally everything: on the foundation, on cement, on the quality of building materials, on the professional skills of specialists. And such a concept as a monolith and reinforcement was generally from the realm of science fiction. I will only note one thing: of all the available reasons (given below), the main and main reason that old brick and cinder block houses give cracks is not quality foundation. As usual, the depth of the foundation was laid above the freezing depth, without the use of reinforcement either at the bottom or at the top of the foundation. Which is completely unacceptable, especially on heaving soils. This foundation design clearly leads to its gradual destruction
What to do with such cinder block houses and their foundations?
Building a new house will cost a pretty penny. And in a falling apart house, where the plaster is crumbling, the walls are cracking and leaning, and the foundation is collapsing, it is shameful, unpleasant, and not safe to live.
There can only be three solutions here:
sell an old house and use the proceeds to start building a new one,
break everything and build again,
do major renovation old cinder block house, using new modern technologies construction.
Here we will only focus on latest version developments, namely, the renovation of an old cinder block house with your own hands.
You need to start repairs by assessing the condition of the house, inspecting it by specialists and making a decision about the feasibility of repairs, its effectiveness and durability.
On many websites you can find information on how to repair cracks in your home by applying staples to the cracks and plastering them. Yes, for a while you can throw dust in your eyes and cover up the crack! But, firstly, simply covering up cracks and applying staples will not strengthen the house; after a while the crack will appear again, and secondly: you will simply throw away money with virtually no results. But what if the crack appears again year after year, and the wall begins to tilt? Deviations from the vertical state are clearly visible from the plumb line. In this case, we urgently need to make a decision and we make - cinder block house needs a major overhaul.
You need to start a major renovation of an old house by repairing the foundation.
More details on the page repairing the foundation of a stone house.
Cracks in the wall of the house
How to further strengthen the walls of the house?
In addition to repairing the foundation, for old houses built from loose cinder blocks, it is recommended to repair walls by installing several monolithic reinforced belts along the perimeter of the house, followed by plastering along metal mesh. When combined with foundation repairs, these measures can significantly extend the life of an old stone and cinder block home.
Due to the aging of houses old building This problem is happening everywhere today.
Reinforcing belt for strengthening the wall The photo shows a variant of the upper reinforcement of a wall made of cinder blocks including brick corner pillars of the house.
Belts made of reinforcement are installed at least along the top of the house (above window openings) in several rows (at least 2 rows) around the entire perimeter. The reinforcement used must be corrugated and at least 6 meters long (the diameter of the reinforcement in our case is 12 mm) with ligation or welding to achieve a single monolithic structure.
An additional reinforcing belt is installed at the bottom of the window openings in one or two rows along the perimeter of the house.
Material:
fittings for 12-14,
reinforcing mesh (to achieve the greatest reinforcing effect, it is rolled out and attached to the wall horizontally),
sand-cement mixture.
In order to achieve a more stringent and uniform design, in a brick pillar, for laying reinforcement, a recess was made (with a grinder). Which is subsequently moistened or treated with a primer and sealed with a solution.
See photo below.
Repairing the wall of an old house
Reinforcement and reinforcing mesh after partial plastering.
Plaster an old house according to the beacons. This will significantly save your time and give your updated home a good appearance.
I will separately dwell on the mistake made when repairing the walls of this house.
Namely: reinforcing mesh was used only on sections of cinder block walls; brick corner pillars were plastered without mesh. As a result, the plaster on one of the pillars began to come off after winter. Possible reason This situation was caused by insufficient preparation of the surface of the brick pillar for plastering.
But anyway the best option and more reliable in all respects is the use of reinforcing mesh (including polymer). The mesh is fastened to a section of the cinder block wall - with simple nails and plastic washers, and in sections brickwork- dowels.
House wall after renovation
After plastering along the beacons, the walls of the house are puttied with facade putty and painted with facade paint.
The photo shows the same fragment of the wall after two years of operation.
Is it possible to build a second floor after renovating an old cinder block house?
Yes, it's possible! But subject to a number of conditions and requirements.
The main ones are:
Repair of the foundation must be carried out using a double-sided reinforced concrete clip, and the clips must be connected to each other with anchors;
For reliable support for the second floor, the slag walls must contain either brick support pillars(as in our case) or metal support pipes (usually square 100 x 100) installed during wall repairs. Or better yet, both;
It is mandatory to construct an armored belt on top of the cinder block wall along the entire perimeter of the house, including all load-bearing walls. The thickness of the armored belt is at least 10 - 15 cm. The support for the armored belt is brick pillars and metal support pipes built into cinder block walls;
The construction of the second floor is carried out from lightweight materials (gas silicate, lightweight solid expanded clay concrete block"thermolux") using masonry mesh reinforcement;
a second armored belt 5-8 cm thick is constructed on top of the second floor.
The ceiling of the second floor is also constructed in a lightweight manner.
crack on the wall of the house
Violation or absence of a blind area is one of the reasons for the formation of cracks in a house.
Some homeowners do not pay enough attention to the condition of the blind area around the house. What does this lead to?
Let's look at a special case.
It should be noted that in most cases, in houses with gable roofs, cracks along the walls of the house form on the sides where the gables are located. Why? In case of violation of the blind area under different sides foundation of a house with gable roof different amounts of precipitation (water) fall. So, on the side where the roof slopes are directed and, accordingly, more water flows down, the soil under the foundation softens and, accordingly, sags more and faster than the side of the foundation towards which the roof slopes are not directed.
The figure shows that the side of the foundation where water practically does not fall from the roof rests on a solid foundation, and along the edges of the house, where all the water flows from the roof, the foundation with high probability starts to sag.
The result of such uneven subsidence of the foundation leads to the fact that the walls on the side of the roof slope sag more, and the walls where there is no water flow - less. As a result, there is a crack (fault) along the walls of the house on the side of the pediments.
Cinder block is a building material, it is made industrially or manually. At industrial production pressing by vibration in special forms is used. This material is in demand because its cost is not high, which helps save on construction costs. For self-production, various raw materials are used; this article describes what materials need to be used.
Cinder block is called wall stone; to produce it, you need to properly prepare the mixture. Cinder block, the composition of the mixture is quite simple, is produced not only industrially, but also at home.
In solution standard view includes components such as slag, ash or waste from metallurgical furnaces. It is not necessary to use such materials; you can use various fillers, limestone, expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, perlite or gravel. Subject to correct proportions, and adding non-standard materials, you can increase strength and save on costs, such components may include broken brick or other similar species waste. Reinforced cinder block must comply with GOST.
The mixture for the production of cinder blocks includes sand, cement, slag, in proportions of 3 to 1 to 5. Water is added in the amount of half the volume of cement. If the blocks are made without the inclusion of sand, then the proportions change; for this, 1 part of cement and 9 slag is taken, the same amount of water is needed as in the first case.
Complete hardening of the blocks, which will be ready for use, occurs after 30 days, at temperatures up to 20 degrees Celsius, and high humidity. Hardening can be accelerated by adding a plasticizer to the mixture.
After complete drying, the blocks are placed on prepared pallets, with the hollow areas facing down, this will help prevent cracks from appearing.
The composition of the cinder block mixture varies according to the type of filling material, and is conventionally designated by various abbreviations.
The blocks are divided by size and marked in different ways, that is, number 1 means longitudinal view, 2 means half cinder block, 3 means partition wall type of material.
When using a fastening component, it is better not to save money because blocks made with low grades of cement are not able to withstand significant loads and are weak to the effects of precipitation. Due to the influence of such factors, the edges of the block will peel off. Mixtures can be prepared in several ways.
The most common proportions are: part cement, 3 sand, 5 slag, the amount of water is equal to half the cement. Such proportions are used provided that the actual type of slag waste from metallurgical enterprises is used. To make the blocks high-quality and durable, the slag must be gray in color; it is used as a filling element.
You can use another type of mixture without using sand. To do this, you need to take one part of cement, and 9 slag from a metallurgical plant, the same amount of water is taken as in the first case.
If other materials are used, then the proportions change again, for this they take one part of cement, 4 screenings small fraction, and water in the amount of half the volume of cement.
In addition to the main components, a plasticizer can be added to any composition, although this is not mandatory. Using various additives, you can give the block the most ideal shapes, as well as speed up the process of their hardening.
After the mixture is completed, the prepared forms are filled with it; this work must be done immediately, since the solution sets quickly. Although the solution hardens quickly, the blocks need time to completely dry from the inside.
The main advantage of this building material is its low cost. The composition of mixtures for making cinder blocks includes a large amount of slag, ash or other waste materials, which serve as the basis of the solution. This results in a low cost of blocks.
In addition, cinder block has other positive characteristics.
The filler is mainly slag of metallurgical origin or other waste. It is better to use slag; it has a number of advantages over other materials.
You can make a mold for pouring the mixture yourself, observing the required dimensions.
Cinder block is produced industrially or at home, that is self-made. To do this, it is necessary to use a vibrating machine, and the necessary raw materials for preparing the solution, and there must also be electrical power at the site.
If the work is done manually, you need to prepare a shovel or hoe, and a large container, for example, a trough or an old bathtub.
The block production technology is not complicated; it allows you to do all the work at home.
The mixture for making cinder blocks consists of cement, which is considered a binding material, slag, which serves as a filler, water, and sand; it is not necessary to add this material. If desired, a plasticizer can be used; it promotes rapid hardening, which allows increasing the production of blocks. The slag must be from metallurgical production, usually it has grey colour, 400 grade cement, quartz sand, sifted and purified, and any water can be used. All components must be thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous composition is formed; this is the only way to increase the strength of the blocks. Cinder blocks are used for the construction of walls, foundations, fences, and other building structures.
Today, cinder block is considered one of the famous building materials. Using this material, you can simply and quickly build walls; it has good thermal insulation and sound insulation properties. You can make a cinder block yourself, all the components are affordable, and you can save on costs and get high quality.
Cinder block differs from other materials in a number of advantages, which is why it is considered the most popular.
Once upon a time, this type of building material was produced only with the help of special equipment and a steaming chamber; independent production was considered impossible. Now you can make cinder blocks yourself using a vibrating machine and the necessary components. Also, to carry out the work you will need a flat area and the ability to connect to the electrical network.
To make cinder blocks yourself, you will need water, filler, cement, and a plasticizer. Cement is used depending on the brand; the filler can be various materials, slag, sand, sawdust, expanded clay or other components. The main component in production is cement, to which other raw materials and water are added.
Typically, 400 grade Portland cement is used in production; when using another type of cement, the proportions differ. If you use a lower grade, then increase the amount of added material by 15%, then you can achieve a high quality solution. Various construction waste and other materials can also be used as filler. The choice of all components depends on the required cost and the quality of the cinder block. Adding a plasticizer is not necessary, but it must be remembered that it improves the quality of the material.
This additive helps increase frost and moisture resistance, increases the strength of the material, and accelerates the hardening process. Thanks to rapid hardening, space is quickly freed up so that the next batch can be made, which helps increase productivity. To make one element, only 5 grams of plasticizer are added.
When making cinder blocks, slag is used different sizes, it includes various fractions, this gives the material good strength and increases thermal properties. In order for the slag to interact well with cement, it must be sifted and moistened with water. In addition to slag, it is allowed to add broken bricks, gravel, gypsum, ash or other materials. To save cement, you can add lime, this will not deteriorate the quality of the material.
Mixtures for cinder block can be prepared different ways, they differ in proportions.
To prepare, you need to take 7 parts of slag, 3 cement 400 grade, 2 sand, 2 parts of water. Add enough water to obtain a solution of the desired consistency. All components are thoroughly mixed until smooth, and then proceed to filling the molds. When using a solution with UPD, ready material can be folded after 8 hours.
It is necessary to take 9 parts of slag after processing the metal, it can be purchased at metallurgical plants, 1 part of concrete. Add the amount of water equal to half parts of cement.
In this case, take fine screenings and granulated slag in equal quantities, 4 parts each. One share of cement, and an amount of water that is equal to half the composition.
All components must be thoroughly mixed until smooth, so that there are no lumps, and then poured into molds. When producing independently, you can add components such as sand, expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, and others.
The production of blocks begins with mixing the solution.
This can be done using a concrete mixer or mixer; using such devices, a homogeneous mixture is obtained. The technology for making cinder blocks with your own hands consists of several stages.
To create a finished block, use special forms into which you pour ready solution. Molds are made from wooden material, rectangles are placed in the inner part to create voids required size. You can attach plastic film to the inside of the mold, then the blocks will be easy to pull out and their surface will become smooth.
The blocks are placed in an open space, and hardening is carried out at air temperature, without the use of additional heating. It will take almost a month to be completely ready, so you need to be patient.
To make blocks, it is necessary to prepare a special platform.
This can be a large room with a flat floor, ventilation, and heating as needed. Under such conditions, cinder block can be produced all year round. You can use an open asphalt, concrete or earthen area, the main condition is that it is level.
If open area If it is not too level, then pallets must be installed and blocks placed on them. If the proportions are observed correctly, you can obtain high-quality and durable building material.
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Cinder blocks– modern Construction Materials, which are extremely popular and are actively used for the construction various designs. Walls made from cinder blocks will have excellent characteristics of strength, reliability and thermal insulation, while their cost is incomparably low.
The composition of cinder block (as well as foam block) is truly unique. It should be noted that the cinder block itself is an affordable and simple material, and even a person who is not a builder by training can build a wall from it. And in comparison with brick or other materials with similar characteristics, cinder blocks can be made even with your own hands without any special equipment or extra financial costs.
Classification of building materials.
Modern technology for manufacturing cinder blocks involves obtaining materials with different characteristics, shapes and sizes. Like brick, such products can be either solid or with voids, ordinary and facing.
Also, if a few years ago only blast furnace slag was used for production, today granite screenings and other substances with similar characteristics are also used.
The concrete and binder bases consist of Portland cement of various grades: from the lightest to grade 400. In this case, the composition of the solution changes; it can vary depending on the type of slag used and its fractions (large or small).
It should be noted that the production of cinder blocks and the technology, as well as the recipe that is used for this, can be very different - it all depends on what you ultimately need to get from the building material and where it will be used. It should be mentioned that even the technology for making cinder blocks at home makes it possible to obtain truly high-quality, durable and reliable materials, buildings from which will last for many years.
Requirements for high-quality cinder block.
Making cinder blocks with your own hands is a process that requires careful adherence to certain standards and technological requirements. For example, standard size The slag block is 39x19x188 mm, it has three technological holes and to obtain it you need to use a number of high-quality materials and available tools.
The strength, high quality and durability of a classic cinder block made at home can be achieved by meeting certain requirements:
Important. It is best to use modern and durable cinder blocks cement M400- This optimal brand, the characteristics of which allow us to obtain the best building materials that are resistant to moisture, loads and damage.
Equipment. If making cinder blocks with your own hands is not some kind of business, but is needed only for personal needs, then the simplest equipment will be enough. The only requirement is the presence of a special vibropress, which will help achieve the required strength of the products.
Photo: Homemade forms for the production of building blocks and a vibration installation for the production of building materials.
If we talk about slag, then such raw materials are obtained by processing coal and, in fact, are the best filler for building blocks. It must be said that if the slag cannot be found, then zytoconcrete can be used instead. True, in the latter case, the cost of the blocks will be slightly higher than in the case of using waste slag.
Building blocks - perfect choice For modern house, and making them at home will help you save a lot of money. If you produce rough calculations, then you can see that it takes about 0.011 cubic meters of solution to create one block at proportions 1:7. This means that from one bag of the most ordinary cement you can get as many as 36 cinder blocks, which is very profitable and attractive.
Important. The most important thing you need to know before making a cinder block is to remember the correct drying of ready-made blocks. Any dent, unevenness or deformation and building from such deformed material will simply become impossible.
Molds for cinder blocks.
The mold for making cinder blocks is a special container into which the solution is loaded and where the blocks are molded and “cooked.” It should be said that making molds for cinder blocks with your own hands will not take a lot of time, but it is only important to comply with certain requirements, in particular, for the geometry of such containers. Note that molds for making cinder blocks can be made from various materials, including wood. Any sizes can also be chosen, but it is desirable that they be standard.
In order to increase the productivity and quality of cinder blocks coming from the molds, you can additionally install a special vibration equipment, which will turn on once and turn off after 5-15 seconds.
Cinder block mixture recipe.
Currently, as mentioned earlier, the mold for making cinder blocks can be filled with various solutions. For home production of such materials, it is important to remember that universal composition does not exist, since each master selects his own recipe, which will be optimal for a particular type of building.
Electrically driven vibration molding machine and finished cinder block.
However, there are also standardized instructions for preparing blocks:
This is the optimal recipe, thanks to which you can obtain high-quality materials that are ideal for the construction of any buildings, from private houses to bathhouses and other outbuildings.
It must be said that other fillers can be added to the apparatus for making cinder blocks instead of traditional slag. For example, all kinds of coal combustion waste (ash), gravel, perlite, pre-processed sawdust, granite, gypsum and stone screenings are suitable. In addition, it will suit brick fight and other construction waste with similar characteristics.
In order for the workpiece solution to be more plastic, special plasticizers are added to its composition (5 grams for each block). Thus, it is possible to significantly increase the strength of the block and its resistance to negative impact low and high temperatures, and also get rid of cracks during hardening.
Water.
If we talk about water, its quantity should be measured very carefully, otherwise the cost of an error can be critical. The blocks should not spread during removal, form well and harden quickly. It is very important to follow the recommendations, as they guarantee the durability and reliability of the structure, and also minimize the appearance of any defects and cracks in the structure of the building.
The process of making cinder blocks.
It is best to make slag blocks in indoors– this will help ensure high quality of the product. Also, there must be a level floor in the building and ensure good ventilation, since there is a high probability of dust penetration from cement and other building materials.
The entire process of producing high-quality “homemade” cinder blocks can be divided into several main steps:
It must be said that adding plasticizers to the composition of the blocks can significantly speed up the drying process of cinder blocks and prevent their destruction. Such materials can be removed from the site after 6-8 hours and stored.
Conclusion. Making blocks from slag and other materials at home is an excellent choice for any person who decides to build their own a private house or other building. Affordable cost, as well as the simplicity of the manufacturing process and the absence of the need to use expensive equipment opens up enormous opportunities for every person. All you need to obtain high-quality building blocks is the right recipe, working spirit and more or less technologically advanced equipment, even created with your own hands.
Comparison: cinder block and brick.
Density and thermal conductivity. Density is the ratio of the mass of a material to its volume, including existing pores and voids. Those. this indicator characterizes the thermal conductivity of the material and is inversely proportional to the number of voids and pores of the material.
Compressive and bending strength. This characteristic is one of the most important when choosing cinder block or brick. Strength is the load that a material can withstand per 1 square centimeter. Those. brand 75 - 75 kg per 1 cm2, brand 100 - 100 kg per 1 cm2, etc. Choice the right brand the material is determined by design organizations depending on the design of the building, the load on the walls, the type of floors, the number of floors, etc.
Water absorption- the ability of the material to absorb and retain water in the pores. Those. the ratio of the mass of water absorbed to complete saturation to the mass of dry material. Water degrades the quality of the material: it increases thermal conductivity and density, and reduces strength. Water absorption sand-lime brick should be at least 6%, cinder block no more than 9% by weight.
Frost resistance- the ability of the material, when moistened, to withstand repeated freezing and thawing without destruction. Frost resistance depends on the structure of the material: the larger the relative volume of pores available for water to enter, the lower the frost resistance of the material. Frost resistance grade - the number of freezing-thawing cycles until the material loses 20-25% of its strength. Frost resistance grades of materials are F15,25,35,50.
Cost of 1 m2 of wall.
To compare the cost of 1 m2 of cinder block and brick walls, let’s take a single brick M75F25 and a cinder block of the same brand M75F25. Brick size 250x120x65, cinder block - 390x190x190mm.
