The fireplace today is more of a design element in the interior. However, a correctly built fireplace will help to warm the room equally effectively and create a warm cozy atmosphere involving live fire. In this article, we will consider in detail the process of creating a brick fireplace with your own hands, with all the nuances and useful tips.
Fireplace in modern house cannot act as the main source of heat, but does an excellent job of drying the room, and also provides additional ventilation, and all year round. It can be used as a heating device for one- or two-room country houses.
The main part of the heat from the fireplace enters the room with infrared radiation from open fire, as well as by convection from the walls of the firebox. The dimensions of the fireplace are selected not only based on aesthetic considerations, but also on the size of the room in which it is installed and must effectively heat.
The ratio of the firebox opening area to the area of the room is 1:70; 1:80. If the volume of the room is less than 60 m 3, then the area of the firebox opening is taken to be less than 0.3 m 2, with a volume of 60 to 100 m 3 - less than 0.5 m 2.
To increase the flow of heat into the room, attention is paid to the quality of finishing internal surfaces firebox Sometimes its walls are lined with steel or bronze sheets. The traction that provides good combustion fuel, also depends on the ratio of the dimensions of the firebox. Optimal ratio:
When choosing a position for placing a fireplace, you should first of all follow the rules fire safety, as well as predict the air flows that will arise during its operation. If you make a mistake, the first problem will arise reverse thrust when, due to drafts, smoke will not flow into the chimney, but rather into the house.
Fireplaces should not be placed in rooms without opening windows (transoms, vents), where the ceiling height is less than 2.2 m. When choosing the location of the fireplace, it is important to take into account the location of the elements truss structure roofs, as well as an option beam floor— the chimney pipe must rise freely without touching the main structural elements. Between the walls of the chimney and supporting structures There must be a gap left for the construction of a fire protection belt made of non-combustible materials and insulation.
A fireplace, like a classic wood-burning stove, will require a strong and reliable foundation. The foundation under the fireplace must be buried to the same level as the foundation of the house, and also have a thermal decoupling with it.
It is not difficult to make the concrete mixture for the foundation yourself. You can use the following composition of ingredients by volume to obtain concrete M200 (B15):
The volumetric weight for this composition is accepted:
It is very important to prevent materials from getting into the concrete for the fireplace foundation that could weaken it. These include particles of organic origin, clay and dust particles of clay, mica. In sand, impurities should be less than 10%, in coarse aggregate - less than 2%.
1. Concrete mixer. 2. Vibrator for concrete. 3. Ironer. 4. Mop-ironer. 5. Container for solution. 6. Trowel. 7. Rectangular ironing board
1. Chisel. 2. Brush. 3. Plumb. 4. Bubble level. 5. Roulette. 6. Trowel. 7. Twine. 8. Rubber hammer. 9. Furnace hammer. 10. Corner
The chimney valve required is 240x130 mm in size.
The depth of the foundation for the fireplace is determined based on the following data:
In unheated buildings during periods with negative external temperatures, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace should be at the level of the base of the foundation of the external walls to which the fireplace is adjacent. In heated buildings, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace may be higher, but at least 0.50 m below the ground level.
1. Wall foundation. 2. Fireplace foundation. 3. Sand. 4. Fireplace. 5. Wall. 6. Finish floor
It is advisable to lay the foundation for the fireplace together with the foundation for the walls to which it adjoins, so as not to weaken them bearing capacity. The groove between them is filled with compacted sand. A cushion of compacted gravel of at least 15-20 cm is placed under the base of the foundation.
The size of the foundation is taken to be 10 cm larger than the size of the fireplace along the base. Concreting can be carried out without formwork in the case of dense, non-crumbling soils. If formwork is still needed, then the size of the pit is made 0.1-0.15 m larger than the size of the formwork.
To ensure the required strength of concrete, it is better to fill it in one go. The concrete mixture is laid in layers with mandatory compaction to remove remaining air bubbles.
The top edge of the foundation should be located 15 cm below the level of the finished floor in the room. The foundation under the first row of the stove is waterproofed with 2 layers of roofing felt.
The fireplace will require four more concrete blocks to cover the firebox. They should be reinforced with a rod with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For formwork it is better to use moisture-resistant plywood or steel sheets.
The sizes of the blocks are based on the order shown below, with the understanding that they will not protrude beyond the structure, but they can be adjusted to create distinctive shelves along the top of the fireplace.
The length (L) of the beams is determined according to the order and is specified locally. Height (H) corresponds to the height of the brick, width (B) corresponds to the width of the brick. The reinforcement (AIII Ø 12) consists of 3 rods laid from below, taking into account the protective layer. The reinforcement requires a protective layer of concrete of 20 mm (from below, from the ends).
The furnace will require 370 pieces of refractory fireclay bricks GOST 390-96.
The quality of the brick must meet the following requirements:
Kiln clay is most often used red without foreign impurities.
Sand for the solution is used, sifted through a sieve with holes of 1-1.5 mm. It should not contain plant residues or foreign impurities, especially flammable ones.
Only purified drinking water should be used. Process water, sea or directly from a well will significantly reduce the strength of the solution; over time, various salt deposits will appear on the surface of the masonry.
Today industry building materials offers ready-made fire-resistant dry mixtures for furnace work. With your own hands you can prepare a clay-sand solution of the following composition:
Sand and water are added in portions to the clay soaked for a day. The mixture is thoroughly mixed. Before starting masonry, add the last portion of water.
Designation of the cut A-A cm - order 26, cut B-B - order 27, cut B-B - order 28. The thickness of the seams is allowed less than 5 mm. The masonry joints are completely filled with mortar.
If necessary, L-shaped pins are installed for the fireplace grate in the fourth row, and a fireplace grate is installed in the fifth row.
Reinforced concrete beams can be made slightly larger more sizes the main body of the fireplace as a design solution.
A valve is installed in the twenty-eighth row. Traction regulation occurs with its help. During the heating process, the valve must be open, then it is closed, trapping gases in the gas collector and in the space of the mantelpiece.
Fluff and otter are necessary for thermal decoupling of the main chimney channel, through which hot gases rise from the combustible materials of the building structure. The cutting size should exceed the thickness of the ceiling by 7 cm.
1. Rows for the main part of the pipe. 2. Fluff. 3. Otter
The solution for the outer part of the pipe is cement-sand. A metal cap is mounted on top of the pipe to protect against precipitation.
You can look at the fire endlessly. It relaxes, burns away our troubles, and fills the room with energy. All this will make a simple fireplace in our home possible.
A heating structure project is a drawing of a fireplace of a future design on paper. Before starting masonry, you need to carefully think through all the points and draw up a sketch correctly.
When studying designs of houses with a fireplace, you should know the following parameters:
Its masonry is made according to the project, ligating the seams. The work is done without haste, as clay mortar has the ability to float.
It is advisable to maintain the horizon level, vertical surface and equal diagonal points. With this observance of the rules, the quality of the removal of combustion products to the outside depends.
Its size is 5×2.5 order brickwork consists of 33 rows
This structure is used without a door on the firebox. The designer, when creating this drawing, used a smoke exhaust through channel, which provides good draft. In this regard, its heat capacity decreases in order to increase the efficiency of this structure. To do this, you should use standard methods, such as laying empty channels along the firebox and chimney.
The main massive part of the fireplace is laid out with solid ceramic bricks High Quality, it must correspond to grade 125 and higher, its heating temperature is 750 degrees.
You should remember that fireproof and ceramic brick It is forbidden to tie them, but they can be tied thanks to a wire with a cross-section of 3 mm, laid in the seam between the bricks.
Order diagram of a rectangular fireplace 5×2.5 made of brick
When laying out this structure, you should maintain the same thickness between bricks, equal to 5-7 mm.
If the material contains flaws, for example oblique corners, then they should be trimmed apart from each other, this way you will achieve the desired thickness of the seam.
Rows should be checked with a level or plumb line to achieve the correct geometric shape designs.
This drawing is used by master stove makers, and even with extensive experience, they consult it.
The heating device It is recommended to install at least 16 m2 in a room. It is built into a partition to heat two rooms. To increase heat transfer, the firebox is laid out without refractory bricks. Thus, ceramic brick heats up much faster because it retains less heat capacity of the mass than refractory brick.
A drawing of a brick fireplace is attached below in the description. If the master has little qualifications in this direction, then instead of the portal arch, you can build a horizontal ceiling. To do this you will need 2 metal corners of the required length.
A positive characteristic of this fireplace is that when purchasing materials for its construction, you spend minimal money.
For construction you will need:
“Mini” fireplace and its sequential masonry scheme
To maximize the efficiency of this structure, the side walls of the firebox are laid out at an angle of 25 degrees.
The back wall is laid out in 10 rows in the usual way, that is, horizontally. Starting from the 11th row, the brick extends a quarter at an angle of 30 degrees into the inside of the firebox. With this action, a chimney tooth pass is formed, metal pins are then inserted into the seams between the bricks, and a sheet of metal will be attached to them.
Below is a metal drawing for a firebox.
Due to the absence of fireclay bricks in this building, the space in the room heats up much faster, since side air channels are laid out.
At the bottom there are holes through which cold air, and heated from the fireplace insert hot air through the “ventilators” located in the 13th and 14th rows, hot air escapes into the interior of the room. Thus, its efficiency increases by 15, 20%
A DIY English brick fireplace is one of the oldest ever built. Also its open type.
The parameters include the following features:
The internal recess of the firebox or hearth is lined with refractory bricks in a mortar containing clay and fireclay chips, as well as a little cement. The external contour of the structure is created from ceramic, solid material.
This scheme is relevant for most models English type.
This English-type circuit is complex, but it pays off in that it has stable thrust and good efficiency. 5x3 drawing and its serial diagram.
To build it you will need:
Below is detailed drawing English heating device 5×3 made of brick
The first four rows of the base are laid out of ceramic bricks of grade 100, then higher quality material of grade 150 and higher is used.
This structure is installed in a room with at least 80 m 3 of total space. Having studied its order, it should be noted next points, please note that the blower and grate are missing.
If a small room has hermetically sealed windows on all sides, you should install an oxygen supply from the street to the firebox for better combustion.
To create a ceiling for the firebox, a corner of steel and 2 strips of the same material are laid on the twelfth row.
In this design, a cleaning door is provided on rows 16–17, which is installed on the rear wall. This hole limits the placement of the fireplace adjacent to load-bearing wall, or to the wall. In this case, this heating device will not be able to warm the second room.
To maintain the elasticity of the mortar and its natural setting, ceramic bricks should be soaked in a container of water for 5 minutes before laying the masonry structure. Heat-resistant bricks are wiped with a damp cloth to remove dust.
After completing the construction of an English fireplace, you should gradually heat and dry it for 3 weeks, and only after this time has passed, you can fill the firebox up to half. After another month, you can turn on the heating device at full power.
By following this rule, you will allow the solution to set naturally; if it is violated, then you expose your structure to a limited service life. The decision is yours.
This design is a Russian version, but the main elements are taken from the themes of English and Swedish modeling.
photo of a fireplace consisting of three levels
The draft in the chimney of this building is consistently good, even at a height of three meters, due to the large cross-section of the internal part of the chimney.
It should be remembered that this structure is used in those premises where high humidity air.
Drawing diagram of a three-level fireplace with a grate
For masonry you will need the following materials:
Having studied the above-described procedures and drawings of brick fireplaces for DIY construction, you should know how to calculate all the dimensions of this structure.
Be patient for self-construction or find a stove-maker with good qualifications to install this heating equipment.
Construction of a barbecue, furnace complexes, gazebos are the main activities of our company. Many years of experience allows us to create practical and multifunctional designs that are easy to use and distinguished by excellent quality and durability.
We present to you the brick barbecue complexes we have built - these are various options, each of which is an original work. The stove designs sold by our company: barbecues and fireplaces are provided with a full production cycle, from design development to the creation of original decorative elements and their turnkey installation.
Currently, our company is able to implement almost any barbecue design project that is easy to operate and will look harmonious on almost any landscape. Professional stove makers will build a brick barbecue of varying complexity in any decorative design.
These can be barbecue stoves on which you can cook food and warm up the veranda. Most Russians prefer to have a garden stove in the open air. In this case, you will like joint projects - gazebos with barbecues.
You can prepare any dishes, from traditional shish kebab (both fish and meat) to all kinds of oriental dishes (pilaf, vegetable snacks). Among the main advantages that a brick barbecue oven has are the following:
Barbecue is an acquisition that will not lose its relevance even after years. It’s so nice to grill shish kebab and enjoy its amazing taste and aroma. Moreover, our stoves will allow you to enjoy this pastime at any time of the year.
It’s convenient to work with us, because we take a comprehensive approach to working with each client. You can order exclusively a barbecue oven, or arrange a full-fledged recreation area - we will take care of creating a spacious gazebo in which it is so pleasant to enjoy a meal.
Main stages of barbecue construction:
Qualified master stove makers create real masterpieces - we develop a barbecue project, taking into account all the requirements and wishes of our customers. We successfully implement tasks of any complexity, creating original and non-standard designs: if necessary, you can supplement a standard stove additional elements, starting from the spit and ending with additional shelves and free surfaces.
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Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. IN Lately, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.
Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:
To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.
The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.
First you need to decide on the type of structure.
The fireplace stove can have the following design options:
Based on this, the home owner can choose appropriate place for the fireplace.
When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow fire safety rules; a fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.
Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:
Throughout the entire period furnace construction, solid red brick is used, which is made from clay.
This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.
The brick must have the following properties:
The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.
Material quality requirements
When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.
You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.
The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.
Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.
The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.
To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:
The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.
The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a layer of concrete of 4 cm, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which the last layer is poured, the height of which should be about 6 cm.
To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.
After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.
This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.
DIY fireplace
The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:
Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.
The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:
To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.
By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.
If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.
Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.
In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.
The decoration for the corner version of the fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.
The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.
The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.
If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.
From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.
Making a fireplace out of brick is quite difficult. To create a high-quality and productive structure, you will first need a well-designed order or project. They play no less role design features equipment and materials used for assembly.
A fireplace with your own hands can be placed in a private country cottage, and in a country house. First of all, this heating variation is suitable for those rooms in which there is no other source of receiving and generating thermal energy. Such a stove can be installed in a house made of brick or wood. It is also possible to install in a building made of logs or gas silicate block. A properly designed fireplace design allows you to efficiently heat not only a small area, but also a fairly large one and even two-storey house. The efficiency of such a design can reach about 80-90 percent. This is considered a high and good indicator.
A fireplace, the masonry of which is carried out according to a pre-selected order on the Internet or drawn up by a professional stove maker, can have not only a certain placement method, but also a size. The choice of this parameter depends on certain parameters and features:
Before you build a stove with your own hands, remember that the order should correctly reflect not only the amount of materials, key features heating device, but no less important details. For example, the overall dimensions of the firebox should be based on a proportion of 1/90 in relation to the total area of the selected room.
It is necessary to select the height and width of the combustion opening using the proportion 1.5/1. Also, the fireplace diagram is not complete without identifying the depth, which will be less than the width parameter on average by half. The chimney must also have a correctly selected cross-section. It can be determined by reducing the area of the combustion hole by 14-21 times.
For example, if the area of the room is 30 square meters, the following values will be suitable for such a unit:
The arrangement of the fireplace plays a key role in the assembly and successful operation of the heating device. However, what is equally important is what type of location the stove will have in the interior.
Main placement methods:
The fireplace, the dimensions of which are selected individually, can be installed not only in the house, but also outside, in a gazebo. Such street and garden barbecues, barbecues can be located either completely separately or built into gazebos and verandas. The advantages of such structures include the ability to make them quite large and bulky. This way you can add many various elements barbecue
Street and garden stoves Due to their large dimensions, they are heavy and require the construction of a solid concrete foundation. This will prevent the structure from sinking underground or losing its stability over time.
A barbecue or barbecue oven project also requires an individual approach, careful selection of placement and functionality. If you plan to combine an outdoor fireplace with a gazebo or veranda, you should not use only brick for construction, as it is very expensive. The materials most often chosen for gazebos are: plastic, metal profiles, wood, fire-resistant plastic. The stove itself, columns, various partitions, small walls, and the area near the combustion compartment are assembled from bricks.
Before you build a Swedish stove or any other structure, you need to remember that any heating equipment consists of a portal that acts as a protection for the firebox and its decorative design. Most often this element is assembled from brick. Can be lined with any heat-resistant materials. To place logs and burn them, the structure is equipped with a firebox or combustion compartment. To prevent smoke from immediately escaping into the street and creating heat, the stove is supplemented with a smoke collector. To remove smoke and combustion products, wood-burning stoves are equipped with a chimney.
An open firebox design means there is no door. In this case Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the internal walls of the combustion compartment, making them as thick, durable and airtight as possible. For laying the walls, only fireclay bricks and an adhesive composition based on fireclay clay. Also, the fireplace insert can be of a closed type.
A closed firebox is safer to use. It prevents sparks and flames from entering the room. However, an open firebox looks more harmonious and allows you to contemplate the bright flame, enjoy its crackling and warmth to the fullest. In addition, by giving preference to an open design, you save your money, which could have been spent on purchasing a steel or cast iron chamber with a door.
In order to protect the room from fire, the space next to the firebox must be insulated with any fireproof material.
If you want to equip a stone portal with a purchased firebox, the walls of the stove can be assembled from simple brick, because additional protection will be formed due to cast iron sidewalls.
A closed firebox is most often equipped with a door made of transparent tempered glass, which allows you to see the fire burning in the hearth in as much detail as possible. The method of opening such a door can be either the classic side or the top. Many modern fireboxes are equipped with a self-cleaning system - this prevents soot and soot from forming on the glass.
Fireplaces of wall and corner type are equipped steel pipes, which do not have a very presentable appearance. In order to hide and at the same time decorate such a chimney, it is enclosed in a box made of brick. The laying of the chimney is also carried out according to a previously drawn up order. Such a box not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also enhances, further insulates and accumulates accumulated heat.
Most often, stylish steel hoods that are hung directly above the hearth itself are purchased as a set for an island fireplace.
The size of the fireplace directly depends on the size of the room, as well as your personal needs and preferences. The dimensions of the structure are indicated in detail in the diagram. The order of the fireplace indicates how much material is needed for construction. It is important to know how much cladding, standard and refractory bricks you will need and purchase all materials with a small margin.
It is equally important to know how much masonry mortar you will need. It is important to take into account not only the main masonry, but also the construction of an additional foundation. Cement marked M 200 is mainly used as masonry mortar. To obtain required mass, it is necessary to move cement and sand together based on the proportion of 1/3. Next, gradually add water until a thick, homogeneous composition is formed, without lumps or dirt. To lay one cubic meter brick, on average you will need 0.2-0.3 cubic meters of composition.
You can calculate the dimensions of the fireplace in more detail using your own order. In order to find out how many bricks are needed, you need to multiply the volume of one unit by the total number of bricks in the scheme.
A professional and well-designed project has not only a frontal, but also a horizontal projection. This allows you to make all the calculations as simply and thoroughly as possible, to see the shape and outline of the fireplace on both sides. If the design of the stove is more complex, you can separately calculate and draw the arch, shelf and others structural elements. This will allow you to determine the location and location of the smoke collector, ash pan, chimney, and identify the angle of inclination of the walls and niches.
In our online store you can buy a ready-made firebox for corner, island or wall portal, domestic and foreign brands.
After you have chosen a location for the fireplace, calculated the amount of materials, designed and made a detailed order, you will need to purchase the following materials and tools:
Additionally, you may need such items as: a hammer, rags, a knife, sandpaper and others.
Before you start work, prepare the room, cover all the furniture and interior items that are in it. To make it easier to connect the tool, take an extension cord.
Do-it-yourself installation of a brick fireplace is carried out according to the following stages:
The Kuznetsov stove or any other heating device cannot be heated immediately after construction. It is necessary to allow it to shrink and dry well for 10-15 days. After which the furnace gradually begins to operate. Firewood is placed in the firebox exactly halfway, gradually increasing.
From this video you can learn how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands at home or in the country:
