Gates are constantly subjected to heavy loads. Skewed input structures- quite a common occurrence. Many gates that can be found on the streets of any city have rickety posts. It doesn’t take much experience to figure out what’s causing the collapse. support pillars is incorrect installation. There is no rigid connection between such elements. The foundation for them was poured incorrectly. Before building a gate, you need to understand the intricacies of installing supports, for example, how to install mortgages for gates in brick pillars.
To make reliable gate posts for suburban area, you will need to prepare a number of materials. The parameters of various structural parts are calculated taking into account the expected load. To create a gate you will need:
Having prepared such tools, you can begin work on creating and installing gate posts.
First, the blanks from which the gate will be made are cut. For the racks, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are prepared in advance. The length of the elements depends on the sum of the height of the valves and the depth to which each support will be buried. The last figure is 0.8-1 m. If the height of the gate is 2 m, the blanks for the pillars are made 3 m long.
The jumper used to connect the racks is made from a 100x100 mm corner. The length of this element must be equal to the width of the gate. For standard structures, it is 3 m long. When choosing a metal pipe for supports, one flange of the corner will have to be cut off and then bent slightly so that the edges of the corner fit better to the posts during welding.
Then the following actions are performed:
When performing work, the racks should be strengthened. To do this, stone supports are placed under them. Then the pillars must be strengthened with stops. In order for the foundation to be strong, it should be reinforced with profile scraps. They are fastened with knitting wire.
Then prepare concrete mixture. It should contain four parts sand and one part cement powder. Then the formwork is filled with mortar. Broken bricks and stones are used to save the mixture. The solution must harden before the gates are hung on the posts. You need to wait about a week.
Once the area is fenced, you need to think about installing a gate. They can be of several types - sliding or swinging, lifting or opening in one direction. You can only install swing gates or a structure that opens in one direction with your own hands.
Before work you should prepare:
IN country houses and in dachas, swing gates are most often installed. Such designs have two doors. They are welded from iron. If desired, you can build Forged gates. To install the gate, you need to dig in the pillars, determining the size of the gates. Both wooden and iron supports can be installed.
The hinges are attached to the posts with bolts. Store bought products are not suitable for this purpose. This is explained by their low reliability. You should purchase powerful hinges made independently by a turning specialist. Such designs must have a ball mechanism. This will allow you to open the gate quite easily.
The work of installing and securing the gate is difficult. One person is unlikely to be able to carry out this procedure, since the valves are quite heavy. They are hung at a certain height above the ground.
To create an opening under the gate, you should lay a block between the supports, and then install the sash on it. Now you can weld the hinges - first the upper ones, then the lower ones. The second sash is installed at the same level as the first.
Owners of country lands want to install gates in such a way that they are convenient to operate and have aesthetic appearance. Wooden structures are the most affordable and easiest to manufacture.
For those who want to start making wooden gates with your own hands, you first need to make a drawing of the future product. This will help you calculate the amount necessary materials, and also find out the scope of work. When making a drawing, it is necessary to compare the dimensions of each element.
From wooden beams vertical pillars are created. Their dimensions are calculated quite simply - a meter is added to the height of the structure for immersion in the ground. The greater the depth, the more stable the gate will be. This will eliminate the possibility of distortion of the structure.
Debris should be removed from the installation site of the support posts. It is necessary to dig holes with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the pillars by 20 cm. The part of the pillar that is filled with cement mortar must be treated in advance bitumen mastic. This will protect the wood from rotting. Plumb check vertical arrangement pillars Pits with installed supports should be filled with concrete and then wait until it hardens.
To create one of the posts for wooden gates, you will need to prepare bars for the bottom and top, 2 bars for the side supports and two for creating the middle lintel. Dimensions are calculated based on the dimensions of the owners’ car land plot. Every wooden element must be impregnated with an antiseptic.
The gate frame elements must be laid out on a flat area, and then holes for the pins must be made using a drill. Such parts will add reliability to the structure - they hold the nodal connections together. In the center of the frame it is necessary to install jumpers made of beams. In the corners, jibs are attached, which are located at an angle of 45 degrees.
When calculating the height of the frame, it should be taken into account that the boards for sheathing should protrude beyond it from above and below by 20 cm. Before starting sheathing, the boards should be prepared. They are processed with a plane.
There are several ways to cover a frame with boards. After installing all the elements in place, the top is trimmed and sanded. Now you can install hinges on the sashes. For this purpose, self-tapping screws should be prepared. They are also used when fixing fasteners on racks.
There must be a distance of at least 5 cm from the ground to the bottom of the gates. When closed, the gates are secured using bolts, locks or latches. It is wiser to carry out painting after installing the wooden gates.
By concreting the pillars, the fence becomes much stronger. At the same time, the service life of the structure increases. Metal supports are perfectly protected from rust. There are several types of concreting. They have certain differences that are worth considering.
The first thing that needs to be done is to prepare the site for installing the fence. In places where the supports will be concreted, all plant roots should be removed and cut fertile layer. Using a garden auger, you need to make a hole with a depth below the soil freezing level. If the drill is equipped with a special expander, you need to make a slight widening in the lower part of the pit. This will prevent the foundation from being pushed out by the soil during frost heaving.
The site is marked around the perimeter. The plan must indicate the installation locations of the pillars. If the soil is highly susceptible to frost heaving, soil should be removed within a radius of half a meter around the installation of supports and sand should be poured into the holes.
Prepared in advance metal poles. They must be thoroughly cleaned rust spots. Then metal elements treated with an anti-corrosion compound. Use if possible welding machine Two transverse rods should be welded at the bottom. This will make the pillars more stable.
The supports are installed in the hole and fixed with braces. You need to check with a level how vertical the pillars are and level them if necessary. Fill cement mortar carried out using an old bucket without a bottom. It is better if a mixture of cement and crushed stone is poured. When choosing this option, you should first mix all the components, and then simply pour the mixture into the pit. When pouring the solution, the vertical position of the supports is simultaneously checked.
If a lightweight fence is being installed, it makes sense to carry out partial concreting. When choosing this option, the area is first marked out, and then the supports are driven into the ground using a sledgehammer. In case of heavy soil, it is drilled in advance with a drill. The diameter of the funnels should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the pillars. Then the supports are aligned plumb. The space around the pillars is filled with cement mixture.
Partial concreting is suitable for low level areas groundwater. Otherwise, in the spring the gate may become askew. When the soil absorbs water well and the fence is not too heavy, this method is optimal.
As you can see, you can install the gate yourself if you fulfill all the technology conditions correctly. Metal supports are more reliable. Wooden crafts are also established in accordance with certain rules.
Fences with attractive brick posts are structures that belong to the “Premium” class. Most often they are installed in luxury houses, cottage villages and private office buildings as a fence.
Such fences not only play a practical function, but also provide a certain idea of the financial condition of the building owners.
Brick posts and fence posts with gates will look harmonious with wood, corrugated sheets and artistic metal forging. However, it often happens when brick posts and pillars are not installed over the entire area of the fence, but only as a support for the gate.
The main purpose of brick gate posts is aesthetic and supporting. The post makes fences stronger, more durable and reliable.
The masonry is often made from colored facing bricks, due to which the territory becomes attractive appearance.
The construction of brick columns is carried out in several stages:
Exists a large number of factors that will determine the time frame within which construction will be completed. There are several of them:
A brick pillar is a man-made object that cannot be built without professional tools. These include:
The foundation is a very important part of the structure, so it must be selected depending on what type of fence will be installed. The greater the weight of the fence, the more reliable you need to calculate the foundation that will lie under the brick pillar. It is important to pay due attention to those foundation elements that will be emphasized when installing swing gates.
The main factor when choosing a foundation is the soil. For example, today it is often used strip foundation, in which a bored pile is installed in the center, and metal pipes are laid in all piles. Most effective option It is considered to lay the foundation of swing gates to a depth of half the post.
Most often, a brick pillar has a height of 2-3 meters. However, this brick construction does not have any popular standards, and therefore each specific option is unique. Everyone tries to calculate the depth of the foundation in certain proportions to the pillar. In most cases, the cross-section of the pillar is 1.5 bricks, but sometimes 2 bricks are used. The cross-sectional dimensions of the pillar in these cases will be 380x380 mm and 510x510 mm, respectively.
To brickwork The pillars were better protected from mechanical damage, metal or concrete gate caps were installed on top, and with this improvement the brick pillar only became more attractive. The pillars are subject to significant loads, which requires high structural strength to support the weight of swing gates. Strength can be ensured by building a pole around a steel pipe. In this case, the gate will definitely be reliable.
Brick fence posts are located at different distances from each other - from 2.5 to 9 meters. The distance will depend on the construction budget, but experts do not recommend placing poles on long distance among themselves, because this is not only not aesthetically pleasing, but will also negatively affect technical indicators designs. To ensure that the installation of your pillars does not cause you any inconvenience, you must select the correct distance between them in advance.
When laying bricks, you should follow the following sequence actions:
The most effective will be masonry made around a metal pipe concreted into the foundation. Without metal pipes the full height of the pillar is not necessary if a gate is attached to this pillar. For the remaining pillars, you can use shorter pipes - they should protrude 30-50 cm above the foundation. Next, you need to weld a series of rods with a diameter of 1 cm, but the pillar that will support the swing gates will need to have a larger diameter.
Afterwards, bricks are laid on the cement-sand mortar along the entire perimeter of the pillar with periodic bandaging of the seams. Pebbles are poured inside and filled with solution. The core of the pillar can be concreted, and in such cases the bricks act as formwork. All these actions must be done during the construction of each row of masonry. In the three lower rows of the gate wall, it is better to use solid bricks, while in the remaining rows you can also use hollow bricks, however, with this type of brick you do not need to use a solution that is too liquid, as it will penetrate and fall out of the cracks of the brick. The work process will be much faster and more convenient if the mortar is placed under all the bricks at once.
Gates
"A yard without a gate is like a vegetable garden without spinning"- they said in Rus'. In Russian mythology, gates play an important role, symbolizing the limit between the mastered and safe space and the alien, dangerous outside world. Opening the gate means coming into contact with the outside world. To pass through the gate means to go to another world, to another state. It is no coincidence that many wedding and funeral rituals are associated with gates in Rus'. According to the old times Slavic tradition fires were lit at the gates Maundy Thursday, for Easter, on St. George's Day, for weddings and funerals.
* Spun - device for drying hay from poles.
In this article we will look at how to install gates in your country house with your own hands. Remember that your gate will determine your style of dealing with the outside world, and people will judge your character by the appearance of your gate.
Many people think that the most important thing about a gate is the gate itself. In fact, as is often the case, the foundation of a quality gate is hidden from view underground. This is the foundation for the gate posts. The main mistake that self-builders or amateur builders make when building gates is underestimating the seriousness of the structure and a frivolous attitude towards the design and construction of the foundation for the gate. Meanwhile, it is the quality of the foundation that determines how and how long the gate to your estate will last. The foundation for a gate must be approached just as carefully as the foundation for a house. From the point of view of operating conditions, gates are an even more complex structure than country house. Gate posts experience dynamic lateral bending loads from the movement of gate leaves and strong wind loads. Just like the foundations of buildings, the foundations of gates are affected by the forces of frost heaving. These are compressive, tensile (due to frost adhesion forces) and lifting loads. However, unlike a house, a gate is a lightweight structure that is much less resistant to the forces of soil lifting. Based on the above, the gate foundation must be able to withstand the forces of frost heaving and must keep the gate posts from distorting, tilting and overturning. Since gates most often consist of two leaves, it is extremely important that throughout their entire service life the gate leaves are in the designed position, without distortions. Otherwise, the gate may stop closing or will look unsightly - with gates located in different planes.
To solve the problem of maintaining the alignment of the gate posts the best solution is the construction of a single foundation for both gate posts with an underground connection in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam. To counteract wind, dynamic loads, eccentricity and frost heaving forces, the best solution is a device pile foundation, laid to a depth greater than the depth of standard soil freezing in a given area. The foundation piles are rigidly connected to the monolithic reinforced concrete beam(underground grillage). The design of the gate foundation can be connected to the fence foundation by a rigid connection, a flexible connection, or not connected at all, depending on the design of the fence and its operating conditions. The foundation for the fence is made depending on the type of fence and soil conditions in the form of a shallow tape, in the form of a low (buried in the ground) grillage on piles, or in the form of a high (hanging above the ground) grillage on piles. Reinforcement connections (anchoring) of mating foundation elements are provided using L- and U-shaped clamps, as shown in the diagram below:
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The most reliable constructive solution, withstanding heavy loads is solution B: monolithic reinforced concrete pillars, rigidly connected to piles and underground grillage. A gate post is reinforced in the same way as a column or pile. Options A and C with reinforcement with a profile pipe with a cross section of 80 by 80 mm - are compromise solutions. Solutions with permanent formwork made of brick or aerated concrete are less reliable if the cross-section of the reinforced concrete core of the pillar is small and there is insufficient reinforcement. To prevent corrosion, the profile pipe of the core should be filled with movable concrete mortar, laid with vibration. Even when making pillars with permanent formwork, it is better to reinforce the core as a column, that is, with 4 bars of reinforcement A400-A500 d14-d20, tied into a frame using transverse clamps. The pillar frame must be connected to the pile reinforcement by an overlap of at least 60d reinforcement. To reduce the rate of corrosion of concrete piles and grillage, these concrete structures isolated from aggressive soil conditions using waterproofing. If possible, the soil under the grillage is insulated using 5-10 cm thick EPS. Insulating the soil at a distance of 1.5 meters to the sides of the gate can reduce the depth of soil freezing and reduce the forces of frost heaving. Table. Key values for gate foundation structural elements
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A story about how we built a gate at our dacha with our own hands using the permanent formwork method from aerated concrete.
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| For some reason, many homeowners in Russia prefer fences and gates with gates made of welded iron structures, covered with metal profiles. Around the world, similar solutions for fences and gates are found mainly at industrial facilities or on temporary structures. Around residential buildings, fences made of metal profiles can only be seen in poor neighborhoods or in very “bad” areas. Abroad there are also aesthetic fences made of metal panels, which, however, at first glance are difficult to distinguish from traditional wooden ones. |
Since the aesthetics of cheap-looking industrial fences do not match the atmosphere of the area for relaxing the soul and body, we decided to choose a more traditional materials For suburban construction: stone and wood. |
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| The site is located on trophy soil with a peat depth of 2 meters. Therefore, the foundation for the fence and gate with a wicket will be a pile-grillage foundation. We drilled holes with a diameter of 30 cm under the piles under the grillage of the fence. The bottom of the hole is located on mineral soil (type of piles - pile rack). A layer of crushed stone with a fraction of 20-40 mm and a thickness of 10 cm is compacted into the bottom of the well. Permanent formwork The piles are made in the form of a roofing material jacket on top of a galvanized steel mesh. |
Number of reinforcement bars - wrong! The minimum permissible number of rods is 4 pieces. The minimum diameter of the reinforcement is 12 mm. The fittings are produced for rigid connection with the fence grillage. |
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| Piles were cast under the fence posts concrete slabs 15 cm thick. Pile cross-section 40 x 40 cm. In case of construction reinforced concrete pillar for gates, the reinforcement frame of the post must be embedded in the pile and grillage by an amount equal to 60 diameters of the reinforcement. For reinforcement with a diameter of 14 mm this is 60 x 1.4 cm = 84 cm. |
The surface of the pile is leveled and covered with waterproofing. We secure the reinforcing embeds for the base of the gate or fence hinges with wire. |
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| We assemble pillars based on the remains of aerated concrete blocks of non-standard size. The aerated concrete shell acts as permanent formwork. |
We built the pillars a long time ago and incorrectly: instead of wire, reinforcing mesh should be used, and all the formwork should be laid out to the top. Wire can be used to prevent concrete blocks from bursting when laid. Only after the glue has set is the concrete placed in the formwork. |
Acquaintance with the house begins from the gate. Essentially, this is the owners’ business card. Therefore, their appearance should, by definition, be solid and beautiful. But, at the same time, their main purpose is to ensure the safety and security of private country houses and dachas.
How to combine these two purposes together? How to make swing gates for your dacha beautiful, reliable and functional. What types of swing gates are there and which ones are best to choose? How to make and install. About all this in detail step-by-step instruction in our article.
Before we move on to describing the process of installing gates, we will focus on their pros and cons.
Advantages of swing gates:
Flaws:
Simple arithmetic shows that swing gates have significantly more advantages. And the shortcomings are removable or not critical. The long history of their existence only confirms the reliability of the system.
No matter what materials appear, no matter how the fashion for decorating gates changes, the basic principle of their arrangement remains unchanged. Structural device:
So, we have decided what swing gates are and what features they differ from.
Having made sure that we can make them ourselves, we will begin construction.
Required tools for making swing gates and consumables to him.
Mandatory for the manufacture of the frame and arrangement of racks:
Auxiliary:
Tip: You can use brick, concrete or even wood for the racks. In any case, correlate the properties of the material with the expected load.
Do not think that homemade is a synonym for the words “ugly” and “unreliable”. Quite the opposite - homemade swing gates mean creativity, individuality and concern for your own safety.
Sequence of work.
The stages, of course, can be changed. But the installed racks (posts for swing gates) must last at least a week. In order not to prolong the pleasure, the waiting time can be occupied by welding the gate.
The following can be used as a stand:
The pipe can be driven to a depth of about one and a half meters
This installation method is the fastest, most cost-effective (no concrete costs), and it is possible to replace the stand. The main thing when constructing pillars using this method is to maintain the level. This will prevent the gate from skewing.
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Strengthen the support pillar with concrete (concrete), i.e. make, a kind of foundation for the base of the gate.
We will describe the second one, because the first requires brute force and suitable soil.
Execution sequence:
The depth depends on the depth of soil freezing in the installation region. The width of the sides is determined by the quality of the soil and the dimensions of the supports (pipe, wood, concrete).
Concrete pillars must withstand for 7 days, no less. The concrete must harden well. While the concrete is curing, periodically moisten it with water. Of course, cracks in such a small area are not as dangerous as, for example, cracks in the foundation of a house. But it's better to avoid them.
Tip: If you use brick or concrete rather than a pipe, the depth of the recess will also be 1 m.
For reliability, the racks need to be reinforced. And also, take out two or three reinforcing embeds in advance for attaching the hinges.
Sequence of independent device.
This is the starting point from which all work begins. Often the installation location has a direct impact on the appearance of the structure.
For example, you need to install a gate in the backyard, at the entrance to the garden, or to fence off a future construction site. Then both the material and the design will be as simplified as possible.
If it is a front gate or a garage, then the costs will be higher.
Ideally, the gate is made together with the fence. However, if you have, for example, hedge or you are expanding the driveway and need a new gate - you should measure the dimensions accurately.
Tip: Try to make swing gates in one stylistic decision with a fence.
It is important to measure the height and width of the opening for the gate. When measuring the height, keep in mind that a technical gap is usually left at the bottom of the gate. Its value depends on the coverage of access roads. If you have asphalt, tiles or concrete in the gate area, then 5-7 cm of clearance is enough. If the soil is not strengthened (grass grows) and the surface is not flat - then about 10 cm. Technical clearance is also needed to reduce the wind load, if the future gate is solid, without ventilation gaps.
It is also necessary to ensure that there is sufficient clearance between the sashes. This will level out slight displacement of the racks.
Having at your disposal a drawing and design diagram of swing gates, it is easy to calculate the amount of material required.
Try to make a frame for the gate so that its dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the intended finishing material. This will make the installation process easier for you and avoid connecting seams on front surface gate Eg, standard width corrugated sheet PS-10 1,100 mm.
Advice. When making calculations, use the working, and not the total, width of the finishing material.
The figure shows a diagram of a frame for swing gates, which we will take as a basis.
Using this drawing as a basis, you can calculate the amount of material, attachment points and parameters of pipes and finishing materials.
In our example, the frame is a welded structure. It will be made from pipe or metal profile. But you can also use wood. If, for example, you have a completely wooden gate.
The picture shows that the frame has a square appearance and internal jumpers. They are needed to give the frame rigidity.
Please note that this diagram is shown for swing gates that are not equipped with a wicket. The gate is located separately. If you decide to save space and embed the gate into the gate, consider this need when creating a drawing of the frame for swing gates.
For the frame shown in the diagram you will need the following material:
Usually pipes are sold linear meters, so it’s better to immediately take the sizes that you need. Among other things, this will make delivery easier for you.
At this stage, the manufacturing of frame components occurs. The pipes are cut to the required length and polished.
Grinding is needed to remove rust from pipes. If the metal is lubricated with oil, it must be removed using a solvent (usually gasoline).
When carrying out welding work, remember safety precautions. It is better when this type of work is performed by a specialist. This way the quality of welded joints will be higher. And the appearance is more beautiful.
When welding, it is important to make joints in such a way as to protect the pipe from water leakage. Otherwise, water or snow will get into it. In winter it will freeze, and with warming it will begin to expand. This will inevitably lead to expansion of the pipe walls. And, as a result, to deformation of the entire structure.
In our example, the internal pipes are welded in the form of squares. But this is not of fundamental importance.
The pitch of welding fastening of the external and internal frame (pipes 60x40 and pipes 40x20) is 250-300 mm. Maintain staggered order. This way, the pipes will not break the weld seam due to thermal expansion.
Some drawings of frames for swing gates are given below.
The more stiffening ribs, the greater the wind load your gate can withstand.
If you are sewing up a fence with finishing material, then weld the pipe in the middle of the outer one. This way, it’s easier to mark the place where the casing is attached.
It doesn’t matter what material was used to make the frame - metal or wood - it needs to be primed. The primer will extend the service life paint coating and make the application process more enjoyable.
Welding areas are primed especially carefully.
The hinges are welded to the frame and to the racks (pillars). If the stand is made of brick, and the removal of reinforcement was not provided, then you must first attach the channel to the brick with a dowel, and then weld the loop.
Varieties of loops are shown in the photo
The valve mechanism you choose is the one you prefer. The most common and easiest to manufacture is the one shown in the photo.
The frame must first be wiped clean from dust. Any paint is suitable for painting. It is better to apply the paint with a spray gun, so it will lie smoother and the work will go faster. You can also use a brush. In this case, the process will be somewhat delayed, and the paint consumption will be less.
It is better to apply paint in several layers.
Covering the gate is possible before and after installing the frame on the posts. To do this on inner tube(40x20, in our example) we attach the sheathing. The method of fastening and fastening depends on the finishing material.
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The following materials are used:
Advantages - low price, wide range flowers, light weight. The disadvantages include: the difficulty of replacement (it is difficult to choose the color, because the sheet fades slightly, plus, the shade depends on the batch and manufacturer). And also, the possibility of damage during installation and high windage.
Advantages - availability, beautiful appearance of natural wood, ease of replacement. Disadvantages: high maintenance requirements. Over time, the wood may dry out, leading to cracks.
The advantage is durability. The disadvantage is significant weight.
Advantages: unlimited designs. The disadvantage is that only specialists can make forged gates with their own hands.
Advantages: low cost, high speed, light weight. Disadvantage - low aesthetic properties; the transparency of the fence makes the entire territory of the yard accessible for viewing.
The characteristics are the same. More suitable for installing technical gates.
The basis of this combination is most often forging, which allows you to give the gate any shape. And they are closed by lining the inside with wood, metal, corrugated sheets or polycarbonate. Examples of such gates in the photo
So, the racks are ready, the frame is welded, finishing material fixed. It's time to hang the gate.
We hope you are convinced that installing swing gates with your own hands is not a difficult task. If you have the materials and tools, installing the gate will not take more than a week. From the installation of the pillars to the installation of the gates. And if you consider that it takes 7 days for the concrete pillars to settle, then generally a day. I wish you success!
Gates installed at the entrance to a suburban area are distinguished by a variety of designs, materials used and have different functionality. The main types of gates for country houses and suburban areas include lifting, sliding and swing. The most common are swing gates. Compared to other types, they are quite simple to install and their installation is less expensive. Swing gates can be done from various materials, decorate with a variety of decorative elements. You can assemble and install this type of gate yourself.
In a suburban area there is a need to install gates. They enhance your safety and are certainly a beautiful addition to your home.
In order to properly manufacture and secure gates that are reliable and perform their functions well on supports, you must first make Assembly drawing(sketch) of the design.
It can be done on paper or on a computer screen. At this stage, the dimensions of the structure corresponding to the operating conditions are calculated. Determined design features devices, list and quantity of required materials. The sketch should show the gate leaves closed and open positions for accurate display of dimensions. The main tools you will need for the job: welding machine, grinder, square, tape measure, building level.
Methods for installing pillars: 1 - driving in; 2 - combined; 3 - concreting; 4 - butting with crushed stone.
The most important operations when installing gates are installing the supports and hanging the leaves on them. As support posts for gates, you can install steel pipes (from ø100 mm), I-beams or channels with a flange width of at least 100 mm.
The depth of the foundation for the support pillars depends on the nature of the soil of the site, the weight of the canvases and must be at least 1.5 m. The foundation of the supports will experience constant dynamic loads when the doors move and gusts of wind. It must also withstand the impact of the soil during sudden transitions from a thawed state to a frozen state. When pouring the foundation, you should take into account the geological features of the soil, which were taken into account when constructing buildings on the site. In any case, the foundation base must be installed below the freezing depth of the soil.
Before installing supports, you should consult with specialists to select their design and size. The installation process itself is carried out in the following sequence.
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To manufacture the sash frame, a square (rectangular) profile with a cross-section corresponding to the weight of the structure or corners is used. Corners must have shelves 40 mm wide. Gate leaves can be made from sheet iron or mesh. During preliminary calculations, it is necessary to determine what will be required additional elements(gate, hinges, lock, deadbolt, lock lugs, etc.). It is desirable that the doors swing 180° when opened. If possible, it is better to open the doors outward to save money. usable area plot.
Corrugated sheets are most often used as a door leaf.
The door leaves are welded on a flat horizontal surface, observing the diagonals and right angles of the structure. The frames of the shutters are made according to the dimensions in the sketch, taking into account the width of the opening between them, the gaps between the panels and the distances from the support pillars. On average, the total width of the sashes is made no less than 30-35 mm less than the width of the opening. If mesh gates are provided, gussets are welded at the corners of the frame. Overlapping corner welding will make the structure stronger, but will spoil its appearance.
For the manufacture of gate leaves, a steel sheet with a thickness of 2 mm is used. The sheets welded to the frame should protrude beyond the edge of the top and bottom by 1-2 cm. In the middle of the gate, the edge of the sheet of one leaf overlaps the frame of the other. To sheet material did not lead, it first grabs on the corners of the frame at the middle points of the canvases. Then, using spot tacks every 10-15 cm, the sheets are welded completely. After completion, the welds in the corners are cut off to avoid thermal deformation in the future.
For sheets made of steel sheets, if necessary, reinforcement can be made with stiffening ribs. During assembly, there should be no holes left through which moisture can get inside the structure. After assembling the structure, preliminary fitting of the sashes to the opening is done. Bars are placed under the sashes, and the correctness of the calculation of the gaps is checked. The intended location of the loops is marked with chalk.
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The process of welding hinges to sashes and support posts requires special precision. The size and number of loops are selected depending on the weight of the canvas. It is better to hang massive collars on 6 loops. Smooth movement of the valves will be ensured by the use of bearing hinges. For the chosen one, so-called garage hinges are suitable, the rod of which has a diameter of at least 12 mm. The rod must fit into the cavity of the mating part of the hinge with minimal clearance. The presence of play can be determined by moving the hinge assembly to a bend.
Straight hinges are welded to the gate frame before installation in the following order:
