Nippon nomadic fern is a variety of one of the most attractive ferns that can be grown indoors.
Such a plant can be propagated by spores that appear on the lower part of the leaf blade. Sowing is carried out in a moistened peat-sand mixture; after sowing, the containers are covered with film and placed in a warm, shaded place.
Until the first shoots appear, the film will need to be removed every day for a couple of minutes to ventilate and, if necessary, moisten the soil. When the shoots appear, they are carefully plucked from separate pots, filled with a mixture of peat and leaf soil.
More in a simple way Reproduction of this plant is by dividing the bush. In this case, when spring transplant the root ball of an adult nomadic plant is divided into several specimens, each of which is planted in a separate container with the same soil in which the mother plant grew.
The fronds of the nomad at home can reach almost half a meter in length. Each of them has an expressive gray stripe that is located along the central vein.
The height of the entire fern can reach 50 cm, while its diameter will be slightly larger.
Nippon Kochedyzhnik – enough unpretentious plant. The main thing is to provide him with a cool, shaded place. Replanting is required every spring.
From spring to autumn, the fern needs abundant watering, but you should always ensure that moisture does not stagnate in the stand, otherwise root system may rot. IN winter time Watering should become moderate. Feeding is required once every three weeks of active growth.
Among the most common problems that can arise with such a plant are felt insects and scale insects. To combat such pests, it is necessary to use an insecticidal preparation.
Plant type: perennial
Attitude to light: shade-loving, shade-tolerant
Relation to moisture: moisture-loving, prefers moderate moisture, drought-resistant
Wintering: winter-hardy
The soil: prefers garden soils
Height: high (above 100 cm), medium (50-100 cm)
Value in culture: decorative foliage
Athyrium, Kochedyzhnik. Large forest ferns with thin leaves that are twice or thrice pinnate. The rhizome is thick, ascending, short. Widely distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
The genus includes about 200 species of ferns, growing in temperate forests of both hemispheres and in the highlands of tropical zones. About 10 species are used in ornamental gardening, mainly for creating mixborders and other compositions of herbaceous perennials in shady areas.
About 10 species are used in ornamental gardening, of which the most popular female nomad (Athyrium filix-femina), a common forest plant Central Russia; Chinese nomad or reddish (Athyrium sinense, Athyrium rubripes), a fern from the forests of the Far East, distinguished by the red color of its petioles; And Nippon nomad (Athyrium niponicum) with openwork large reddish leaves.
Fern from deciduous forests of the Far East. Perfectly acclimatized to European Russia. Forms a compact bush 60-100 cm high, distinguished by dark reddish petioles, giving the plant original look. The leaves die off when autumn arrives.
Propagated by dividing the bush and self-sowing.
The species got its name for its delicate, delicate, finely dissected foliage, contrasting with the rough leaf of the male fern ( Dryopteries filix-mas).
The female kochedyzhnik is confined to damp, shady areas of forests and bushes. It is often found in the forests of central Russia.
Perennial up to 100 cm tall. The rhizome is short, thick, densely covered with brown filmy scales. The leaves (fronds) are large, light green, finely dissected, very elegant, collected in a rosette. Their growth continues throughout the summer. This provides a fresh appearance to the fern, unlike the male fern, whose leaves appear and grow only in the spring.
Tall (up to 100 cm) openwork bush of female fern - best decoration your flower garden. This is a true perennial (the bush grows in one place for up to 10 years, often self-seeding. It is not picky about soil, it is cold-resistant. The bush can be divided.
Popular varieties of female nomad:
"Acrocladon"—with multiply branched, curly leaves;
"Frizellae" - linear leaves with short leaflets, jagged along the edge, located along the axis.
Openwork large reddish gracefully diamond-shaped pinnate leaves (fronds) 60-100 cm high form a compact bush. The fronds are highly decorative due to their metallic shine and red-purple streaks. The above-ground part dies off with the onset of autumn. Prefers shady damp places with loose and nutritious soils. With sufficient moisture, it can grow in open places, where it acquires a brighter color.
Plantings of Nippon kochedednik are unusually beautiful not only in summer, but also in spring, when “curls”—the buds of leaves—raise above the soil. They have a brownish-purple hue and contrast effectively with the young light green foliage of other plants.
Unpretentious, stable and very beautiful plant for landscaping shady areas. It is relatively drought-resistant, tolerates a lack of moisture better than other ferns, although in dry conditions it loses its decorative effect. Prefers garden soils that are fairly fertile and well-provided with moisture. With the exception of watering during dry periods, it requires virtually no maintenance and is not affected by pests and diseases. Kochedyzhniki are very unpretentious and resistant plants in cultivation. Does not require fertilization. They grow in one place for a long time without transplanting or dividing (up to 15 years). They form abundant self-seeding.
Propagated by dividing the bush, preferably in spring.
Ferns are known to be mysterious plants. There are many legends and beliefs associated with them. But the most mystical among all is the female nomad. The name is derived from the Old Slavonic “kochedyga” - a clumsy, knotty root. And the female nomad also has a name for it: witch’s! With the help of this root, in ancient times, all kinds of spells and love spells were made.
It was believed that a soul lived in it. And not an ordinary human one, but one with unearthly abilities to bestow all sorts of witchcraft gifts on those she likes. So, there was a legend that you can learn to recognize everything medicinal herbs, if on a full moon on a special night you sit down near a female nomad growing in the forest, covering your head and face with a cloth. Allegedly, then all the herbs will pass before your eyes in succession, tell you about their healing abilities, and this knowledge will be forever deposited in the person’s memory.
The female nomad (Athyrium filix-femina) is also the most common in its genus, among more than 200 species of nomads.
Kochedyzhnik female photo
You can often hear old villagers calling it simply: female fern. And they also mention some kind of male fern. In fact we're talking about not about the female and male individuals of the same plant, but about completely different, albeit related: female stumpweed (Athyrium filix-femina) and male shieldweed (Dryopteris filix-mas). The confusion came from Ancient Rome, where these ferns were called that way, as our villagers say. The first words in their Latin names appeared much later.
By the way, plants that reproduce by spores generally cannot be divided by gender into female and male.
External differences: the male shieldweed is more powerful than the female shieldweed, the former has thicker shoots and less openwork and rougher-looking foliage. But the female kochedyzhnik looks more elegant, slimmer, it is slightly taller (grows up to 1 m), the leaves are larger. Very often in the forest they grow side by side, in the same clearing.
Athyrium nipponicum Red Beauty photo
Ursula athyrium ursulas in the photo
In the open sun, the plant will look depressed, grow much smaller, and the tips of the fronds will dry out. Like all ferns, nomadic ferns prefer to grow in shade and partial shade. The first is preferable for them; in openwork partial shade it is good to plant varieties and species with colorful colors.
For example, the spectacular Athyrium niponicum variety “Red Beauty” has beetroot-burgundy veins on the fronds, and the foliage color changes from beige-silver (at the base) to green (towards the tips). It is better to plant it on the eastern side of the house. So that at least some time they fall on the fern Sun rays and the foliage looked richer in color.
athyrium piktum photo
In nature, ferns grow in moist forest soils rich in organic matter. That’s why we need to create similar conditions for them. It will be good if you are not lazy and bring some forest soil; you should dig it up next to the nomadic plants growing in nature. This will be ideal.
Organic matter (manure, for example) can be added landing hole when planting a nomad on the site.
It is important to remember that nomads cannot tolerate turfy soil. Once dried out for the winter, this fern may simply no longer appear among the grass in the spring. Therefore, the soil around it must be constantly well loosened and weeded, and under no circumstances should you plant nearby ground covers that aggressively take over nearby areas: saxifrage, periwinkle, etc.
Athyrium Japanese in the photo
Ferns are moisture-loving plants, and for good health they require constant additional watering. Remember this. Otherwise, one day suddenly remembering your green pet, you may see in its place only a withered past. Of course, with the appropriate conditions, the plant can then recover, but excess stress will not do it any good - that’s for sure.
Don’t forget to mulch the soil at the “foot” of the nomad. For example, compost, grass clippings or even regular garden soil. This will help preserve moisture, which is invaluable for the plant!
Athyrium niponicum Metallicum
Since in the forest ferns grow on soil well fertilized with natural organic matter, they will prefer the same fertilizing in the garden. Can also be fertilized with complex mineral fertilizers 1-2 times per season, diluting them according to the instructions attached to the drug. During the period of foliage growth, fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen are needed; from the end of July - complex mineral fertilizers balanced in the composition of the main elements.
Kochedyzhnik Victoria athyrium Victoria
Disputes. Many species of nomads, including K. female, easily reproduce by spores. Often near adult plants you can see small ones growing from self-seeding. You can experiment yourself by waiting until the plant sporulates. The spores are kept in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for a couple of hours, then sown in bowls in seedling soil, sprinkled with a very thin layer of the same soil mixture. Create a greenhouse microclimate by covering it with a plastic bag.
Ventilate periodically and gently moisten. A month or two after germination, they are planted in separate containers, and when the seedlings grow up, they are planted in a school garden, well shaded. For the winter, cover with leaf litter or mulch with compost.
But remember: it is better to propagate varietal plants by vegetative means: It is not a fact that children grown from seeds will repeat all the invaluable parental characteristics.
By dividing the rhizomes. This method of propagation is suitable primarily for proud, crenate-serrate, needle-shaped and others. The rhizomes are divided in August-September. It is better to choose a cloudy day so that the newly planted cuttings are not burned by the sun's rays.
Each piece of rhizome, about 3 cm long, should have at least one renewal bud. The cuttings are planted in planting holes 20 cm deep. The distance between young plants should then not be less than 60 cm. The plantings are watered abundantly.
Kochedyzhniki for the most part are very winter-hardy. Only certain hybrids need shelter. When purchasing, ask the seller how the purchased variety survives the winter. If it was not possible to collect information, for prevention it is still better to cut off withered leaves for the winter, throw leaf litter on the planting site, and add snow in winter. You never know!
Women's kochedyzhnik is widely used in folk medicine. Rhizomes and aerial parts are harvested (much less often). The root, by the way, is considered mildly poisonous, which is why it is strictly not recommended for pregnant and lactating women to take medicines with female nomad. Decoctions are used as an anthelmintic, an expectorant for bronchitis, and children suffering from epilepsy are bathed in baths.
In Tibetan medicine it is used for viral sore throats, kidney diseases and serious metabolic disorders.
A genus of ferns belonging to the shield family. It includes about 200 species; only 10 are used in gardening.
These relict plants are distinguished by their delicate openwork, finely dissected greenery, collected in a spreading bunch up to 1-1.5 meters high.
It grows directly from a short thick rhizome covered with brown membranous hairs.
Sporangia of the nomadic plant are hidden behind a fringed covering on the underside of leaf fronds. The plant often self-sows, but grows slowly.
Most often in Russian gardens There is a female kochedyzhnik (photo 1). It received this name for its beautiful, light, lace-like greenery. New fronds appear all summer, so the plant does not lose its decorative appearance all season long with proper care and has a distinct tropical appearance.
It got its name in contrast to the male shield, whose “clothing” is coarser, and the fronds grow only in the spring. In nature, these two ferns often coexist.
Chinese kochedednik is distinguished by reddish elliptical petioles; in nature it is widespread in Far East, in China, Japan.
Nippon kochedyzhnik (photo 2) is characterized by red-brown stains on the fronds with a metallic sheen. They look impressive against the background of greenery of other plants, including green ferns.
In nature, these perennials grow in moist, shaded forest areas. They need fertile land, regular watering and shaded areas of the garden protected from the wind. During periods of drought, the leaves of the nomadic plant turn brown and it loses decorative look, but does not die, therefore it is considered drought-resistant. Can grow in one place for up to 10 years. They need regular weeding, they absolutely cannot tolerate sodding of the soil, so aggressive ground covers (, etc.) cannot be planted next to them.
It should be fed with both organic and mineral fertilizers during the growing season. The fronds are shed for the winter, but do not die and do not even require shelter.
They reproduce by dividing the bush in the spring or by spores, which ripen by mid-summer, fall onto the soil surface and often lead to new shoots, i.e. self-seeding is characteristic of the nomadic plant.
All ferns give the garden some special chic and splendor. They are planted in shady corners, near grottoes and fountains, under coniferous trees. Nomads can be placed in a group among other species that contrast with them in color or frond shape. The result will be a kind of fern garden, which is perceived as a piece wildlife among other plantings, it will also occupy shady places where few plants are able to maintain a magnificent appearance.
