In Russia and other post-Soviet countries, there is a very ambiguous attitude towards the American secondary education system. Some believe that it is in many ways superior to the Russian one, while others are confident that schools in the United States have many shortcomings, so they criticize the American grading system, the lack of school uniforms and other distinctive features.
In the USA there are no strict uniform standards for everyone educational institutions, and it all depends on the local government. A school in California may be different from a school in Virginia or Illinois. However, the general aspects are the same everywhere.
As for the Russian and American education systems, quite a lot of differences can be noted between them.
If in Russia a five-point scale (actually a four-point scale, since in practice the unit is not usually assigned) is adopted for assessing knowledge, where the highest result is “5”, then in the USA everything is somewhat different. Grades in American schools are the first letters of the Latin alphabet from “A” to “F”.
An excellent result is considered to be the letter “A”, and the worst result, accordingly, is “F”. According to statistics, most students perform at “B” and “C”, that is, “above average” and “average”.
Three more letters are also sometimes used: “P” - pass, “S” - satisfactory, “N” - “fail”.
Besides American grades, another difference is the lack of school uniforms and any formal dress code in most educational institutions.
In Russia, the first thing that comes to mind when hearing the word “school” is the uniform: the traditional “black top, white bottom”, lush bows for girls and other attributes. This is not accepted in the USA, and even on the first day school year students come in whatever they want. All that is required of schoolchildren is to follow certain rules: not very short skirts, no obscene inscriptions or prints on clothes, covered shoulders. Most students dress simply and comfortably: jeans, T-shirts, loose sweaters and sport shoes.
For a Russian school, this sounds unrealistic, because every student must attend all subjects established by the program. But in America the system is different. At the beginning of the year, students have the right to choose which subjects they want to study. Of course, there are also compulsory disciplines - mathematics, English language, natural Sciences. The student chooses the remaining subjects and their level of difficulty independently and, based on this, forms his own class schedule.
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The question of whether a uniform school uniform is needed can be argued until you are hoarse. Proponents of dress codes believe that they maintain classroom discipline and promote cohesion and equality. And parents don’t have a headache about what to dress their child in. Opponents argue that this approach to clothing kills individuality and has little effect on the learning process.
website suggests not to argue, but just to see what the children are wearing different countries the world go to school. Many options look quite stylish and practical, judge for yourself.
Japanese school uniform for girls "sera-fuku" takes special place in anime cartoons and manga comics and is known throughout the world. Blouse in nautical style plus a pleated skirt, which gets shorter in high school. Low-heeled shoes and knee socks are required and worn even in winter. To prevent them from slipping, schoolgirls glue them to their feet with special glue.
In England Everything is strict with the school dress code. The very first uniform was blue. It was believed that this color taught children to be organized and humble, but it was also the cheapest fabric. Now each establishment has its own uniform and symbolism. Until now, in some schools everything is so strict that even in the heat it is forbidden to wear shorts. This summer, schoolchildren went on strike and came in skirts. After which many schools introduced gender-neutral school uniforms.
The Australian education system has borrowed a lot from the UK. The school uniform is very similar to the British one, only lighter and more open. Due to the hot climate and active sun, many educational institutions include hats or panama hats as part of their uniforms.
In Cuba, school uniforms come in several variations: white top - yellow bottom, blue top - blue bottom. As well as white shirts and burgundy sundresses or trousers With mandatory element- pioneer tie, well known to Soviet schoolchildren. True, it can be not only red, but also blue.
In Indonesia, students' uniforms are a different color at each stage of education. The white top remains unchanged, but the bottom can be burgundy, dark blue or gray. But the most interesting is saved for last. After passing national exams, schoolchildren celebrate their freedom and paint the shape using felt-tip pens and spray cans. Goodbye, school!
Chinese students have several sets of uniforms: for holidays and ordinary days, for winter and summer. School uniforms for everyday wear are almost the same for boys and girls and often resembles a regular tracksuit.
All children in the state must wear school uniform. At the same time, Ghana, like most African countries, characterized by low incomes and high level poverty. Buying a school uniform is one of the obstacles to getting an education. In 2010, the government distributed uniforms free of charge to localities as part of its education policy.
Dress code for juniors and high school quite common. But high school girls in Vietnam have the right to wear snow-white national costume ao dai. In some educational institutions it is welcome only for important events or ceremonies, but in some it is also required for everyday wear.
School uniforms in Syria even before the start of the protracted military conflict political reasons was changed from boring khaki to bright colors: blue, gray and pink. And it symbolized the desire to establish peace in the Middle East, which is a little sad to hear now.
Another country where students go to school wear traditional national costume,- Butane. For girls, the clothing is called “kira”, and for boys it is called “gho” and resembles a robe. Previously, children carried all their textbooks and school supplies directly in it. Briefcases are already common now, but if you want, you can hide something on your chest.
Children in South Korea They study from morning until late evening. It is not surprising that many of them consider school the most romantic place, since most of their lives are spent there. The school dress code is mandatory and regulated by the administration of the educational institution. But The uniform is popular both on the city streets and even among celebrities.
Australian school students
Another connoisseur of bright shapes are Africans. Here the school uniform amazes with its variety of shades. Orange, green, purple, yellow - each school chooses its own color.
Queen Elizabeth and Jamaican schoolgirls
Sports-style school uniforms are common not only in Germany, but also in China. So, for the cold season, schoolchildren have a dark windbreaker and trousers, for the summer - a white shirt and shorts for boys, a blouse and a blue skirt for girls. And, often, a red tie!
Japan can be considered a country in which school uniforms are more popular than in the UK. Who among us has not seen anime cartoon heroines dressed in long white socks, pleated skirts, jackets and white blouses? Sometimes Japanese schoolchildren wear a uniform called "sailor fuku" or "sailor suit". They wear a bright tie with it and, as a rule, take a massive backpack with them.
Japanese schoolboys and schoolgirls
In many private schools in the USA and Canada, uniforms are considered mandatory, but each educational institution has its own uniform. Most often these are outfits of rather restrained colors - blue, gray, dark green. In some schools, girls wear checkered skirts and boys wear striped ties. Mandatory components of the uniform also, as a rule, are shirts with long and short sleeves, cardigans and jackets. The only uniform in which you will be “allowed” into any American school is an American football uniform.
New Orleans schoolgirls
This is how we got to Russian school uniforms. It was first introduced in 1834, when Russian Empire adopted a law on gymnasium and student uniforms. 62 years later, it became compulsory for high school students. Later, the school uniform was abolished, and only in 1949, during the times of the USSR, it returned again. Tunics with a stand-up collar for boys, brown dresses and aprons for girls, a pioneer tie for everyone - the standard uniform of any Soviet schoolchild.
Now in Russia there is no single form; it has been introduced only in part educational institutions. Basically, these are clothes in calm shades, which can be complemented with things from your everyday wardrobe. It looks more modern than in Soviet times, but " Last call"students Russian schools they still prefer to wear white aprons and tie bows, just like their mothers did.
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School uniform - a necessity or a relic of the past? There are serious battles on this topic on the eve of Knowledge Day. To give our readers a basis for these debates, we will talk about how and when the uniform originated, how this school attribute is treated in different countries, and how a British briefcase differs from a Japanese backpack.
The history of the emergence of school uniforms, however, is itself controversial. Some believe that they started going to school in the same clothes in Ancient Greece. Students were asked to wear shirts or tunics, light armor, and a cape called a chlamys. Other historians do not agree with this version of events; they refer to the fact that almost all Greeks wore similar clothes, and really strict requirements for school uniforms were imposed in Ancient India. No matter how hot it is, the student should come wearing dhoti hip pants and a long kurta shirt.
But as far as Europe is concerned, everything is very clear. The UK is considered a pioneer country in introducing school uniforms. For the first time since ancient times, special clothing appeared at Christ's Hospital school. Students wore dark blue tailcoats with tails, vests, bright knee socks and leather belts. However, then - in 1552 - orphans and children from low-income families studied at Christ's Hospital families, and now this school is considered elite. According to a recent survey, even modern students of Christ's Hospital speak positively about the school uniform. Even though it has not changed for 450 years, schoolchildren perceive it as a tribute to tradition, and not as an outdated attribute.
Students of one of British schools, Harrow, in school uniform
Currently in the UK there is no uniform uniform for all educational institutions. Each school has its own requirements. For example, at Harrow boys wear not only trousers and jackets, but also straw hats, and at Elizabeth Garrett Anderson the students themselves came up with the clothing design - gray suits with pink stripes. In the most prestigious educational institutions, a logo or coat of arms is considered a mandatory element of school clothing.
Students from British College Eton
In others European cities school uniforms are not valued that way. Thus, in France, a uniform school uniform existed only in 1927-1968, in Poland - until 1988, in Germany and Switzerland it resembles tracksuits and is accepted only in some educational institutions.
The example of Great Britain was followed by its former colonies - India, Australia, Singapore and others. There, school uniforms were not abolished even after these states were recognized as independent. Thus, Indian schoolchildren attend classes only in special form: boys - in dark blue trousers and white shirts, girls - in a light blouse and dark blue skirt. In some schools in holidays girls wear saris.
Another former British colony, Singapore, has not introduced a uniform uniform for all schools. In each educational institution, it differs in color, but consists of classic elements - shorts and light shirts with short sleeves for boys, blouses and skirts or sundresses for girls. The uniforms of some schools are heavily decorated with badges or even shoulder straps.
Most Australian and New Zealand students also wear school uniforms. In its diversity it can be compared with the British one. But in Australian schools, due to the heat, they often wear shorts rather than trousers, and wear hats with wide or narrow brims.
Australian school students
In another hot country - Jamaica - school uniforms are considered compulsory. Many educational institutions have requirements not only for the suit, but also for the color of socks or the height of the heel of shoes. Jewelry is not welcome, nor are extravagant hairstyles. Many boys wear khaki shirts and trousers, and girls wear sundresses that fall below the knees different colors, complemented by stripes with the name of the school.
The debate over children wearing uniforms in schools has been going on for a long time. Some people think it's the same appearance equalizes children of all social classes. It allows you to better concentrate on your studies without being distracted by your desk neighbor’s new blouse or your classmate’s trendy jeans. Others, on the contrary, vote against it, saying that such measures do not allow teenagers to express themselves, turning everyone into a monochromatic mass. However, the obligatory uniform at school does not mean that it should be gray and ugly. Surely many of you, while watching foreign films about teenagers, have noticed, for example, how stylish the school uniforms of American schoolchildren look. In America, it is expected to be worn in private or even elite schools. In public educational institutions there is either a lax dress code, which is observed at special events, or its complete absence. Let's take a closer look at what an American school uniform is.
As mentioned earlier, school uniforms in America can be completely different. Very often you can find the emblem of a school or college on it. In this way, students at a particular institution can be distinguished from students at another. Apart from the emblem, there are no more restrictions. The color, material and style of uniform for schoolchildren is determined by the director, teachers and parents. The most common option for girls is a skirt, blouse and jacket.
The skirt is most often short or medium length, with wedges. Dark blue, green or burgundy color, and the cage is also quite popular. Slim fit blouse, white. And a jacket of the same color that was chosen as the main one. Quite often, in addition to it, schoolchildren also have a vest, which they wear over their shirt. For hotter weather, the choice falls on a polo T-shirt, which is also complemented by a jacket or a plain half-shirt with buttons. The American school uniform for girls is distinguished by restraint, but at the same time it looks stylish enough so that the younger generation does not have aversion to its everyday wear.
For boys and young men, the uniform is selected with a focus on convenience and compliance with the rules of the school dress code. Usually it is gray or beige colour. White or light shirt and jacket with an emblem. Also, depending on weather conditions of the specific location where the school is located, the shirt can be replaced with a polo or have short sleeves. American school uniforms for boys and young men almost always look simple, even a little baggy. But young people are inherently more mobile than girls, so clothes should be the most suitable. But this style is more often used in less elite schools, where equality is paramount. In more expensive private educational institutions, the uniform of young men is thought out to the smallest detail. Why her general form looks more neat and stylish.
When looking at films or photographs showing American schoolchildren, one cannot fail to note some stylish details their images. For example, a tie. It is worn by both girls and boys. It can be bright, again in the official color of the school, or simply a plain, discreet shade. Another interesting detail of the American school uniform is knee socks. This bow looks incredibly stylish. In general, it must be said that it is the knee socks that give that very chic to the overall look. White to the knees or tall burgundy with two white stripes, they can be very different. The photo shows an American school uniform. You can see what the students look like prestigious schools.
Backpacks or bags, although they do not belong to the school uniform, are chosen by students regardless general requirements, but nevertheless perfectly complement the overall look. A fashionable, solid-colored backpack fits perfectly with students' discreet outfits.
As noted earlier, school uniforms are not present in every educational institution. On the contrary, about half of schools currently manage without it at all. But still, due to the lack of an approved uniform, schools often have a lax dress code. Guys most often wear jeans and T-shirts, sweaters and trousers. Usually these are convenient and comfortable things that do not restrict movement. However, there are still certain prohibitions.
For example, girls in an educational institution should not appear in too revealing T-shirts and dresses or in too short skirts. Young men are prohibited from wearing trousers that hang down and expose inappropriate areas. A similar style was fashionable several years ago among young people, which school principals had to fight hard against. Also, baggyness is highly discouraged in the uniform of American schoolchildren. Because, unfortunately, one of America's huge problems is child care shootings. Based on this, large and dense items of clothing are undesirable, since they can easily carry weapons or illegal drugs. Another rule of American schools is the ban on wearing metal chains on clothes or bags. Again, for the safety of other students, because... such an item can be used as a weapon. The last thing that almost any school will be against is absolutely any piercing, except for the ears. True, in certain cases it is permissible for a student to have an earring in non-standard place, with the written permission of the parents.
Almost all American schools and colleges have their own basketball and football teams. This means there are fans. And also girls from the support group - cheerleaders, whose appearance is always very remarkable and bright. During breaks from games, they dance dynamic dances with elements of gymnastics. Most often, girls from the support group perform in the same bright T-shirts with the logo of the sports team, short skirts and knee socks.
In general, American school uniforms can be considered good example for imitation. But our country does not stand still; more and more educational institutions are introducing the wearing of uniforms. mandatory requirement. And this cannot but rejoice.
Few people know, but the first copies of school uniforms appeared back in the 15th century, and since then they have been solemnly marching around the world. Most schools in developed countries have introduced uniforms, what explains its popularity?
Each country has its own concepts of what student uniforms should be. The most conservative traditions have been preserved in Great Britain, where almost every school or college has its own insignia.
In Eastern countries, the form only emphasizes national traditions and is strikingly different from their European counterparts. A striking example of this is Malaysia and Oman. It is also interesting that Bhutanese schoolchildren do not carry briefcases or bags at all. They carry writing instruments and textbooks in special pockets of their school uniform.
The uniform of schoolchildren in Australia and New Zealand is as simple and convenient as possible. Skirt, shorts, jumper or shirt: no strict ironed creases, jackets or stand-up collar: comfort comes first.
Japanese schoolchildren dress simply and comfortably: pleated skirts or trousers, shirts, ties.
But the uniform of Brazilian children is more like a suit for playing football. But it's convenient.
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Uniforms in Russia have also undergone significant changes: in lower grades you can increasingly see children dressed in plain or checkered suits, but high school students do not deny themselves the pleasure of showing off clothes “a la the USSR.”
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Nigeria, Congo, Kenya - the local uniform is distinguished by the most loose cut (of course, in Africa the climate is still completely different), however, not all educational institutions supported the introduction of universal clothing.
Vietnamese schoolchildren resemble vacationers from Artek (turquoise bottoms in combination with a light shirt and a contrasting tie look very colorful). In Cuba, the uniforms have similarities with clothing from the communist past. It depends on the author, but the schoolchildren are very reminiscent of the pioneers.
In Colombia, Singapore and a number of other countries, schoolchildren’s clothing is discreet and even boring.
In Uzbekistan, they decided not to adhere to the national color, so school uniforms have a simple and recognizable cut.
In India, some schools still have not abolished the sari, which replaces the uniform, but most educational institutions have introduced more comfortable clothing. In Turkmenistan, you can see national patterns and ornaments on clothes, but the cut is quite typical.
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It is difficult to judge schools and the people as a whole by their form, because very few countries have not lost their individuality and even school clothes they have traditional and unusual. Which shape would you like best?
