There are two main methods of preparation hot water. First, the water is heated while moving through the heater and supplied to the water tap. Such a heater is called a flow-through heater.
The second method is to heat a large volume of water in a thermally insulated container, then gradually consume it. Such a heater is called a storage heater. The energy source is usually gas, electricity or heated coolant from the heating system.
The instantaneous heater must be relatively powerful in order to provide the required flow of hot water to the tap. For a shower head, a power of at least 10 kW is required, for filling a bath - from 15 kW, for two hot water taps - from 20 kW.
Heating water with an electric instantaneous heater is not cheap. In addition, you need a three-phase connection (over 6 kW) and a special permit for higher power.
It is optimal to provide several taps by installing a compact electric flow-through heater on each of them. At the same time, protection is installed against their simultaneous operation, so as not to overload the network.
More cheap option- heating water using gas. Are used geyser, or the second circuit of the heating boiler. The power of such devices can be enough for two taps, and hot water is cheaper.
With a flow-through circuit, the heater should be located as close to the tap as possible in order to drain less water until it gets hot. The recommended distance is no more than 5 meters. But in any case there will be excessive consumption of water and energy. A similar drawback is typical for a storage heater.
Another disadvantage of a flow-through DHW (hot water supply) circuit is the inability to pick up some hot water. Each device has its own minimum power. Therefore, when water flow is low, it simply does not turn on.
This also results in waste of water and energy.
Pressure surges in the system cause discomfort because they change the outlet water temperature.
IN retail outlets in order to sell an unsuitable flow-through electric heater, they simply indicate that it produces so many liters of water at such a temperature, for example, +50 degrees, which at first glance is acceptable. But it is not indicated at what temperature the water is heated. Key Feature of such an apparatus is the heating temperature difference. After all, cold water is usually +6 - +10 degrees, and not +15 or +20.
The main advantage of an electric storage tank with a power of 1.5-2.0 kW is that it can be installed anywhere, in any house or apartment where there is a 220 V power supply. Its volume is usually 25 - 150 liters (running volume 50 - 100 liters) . The water in it is heated gradually to a predetermined temperature, and when withdrawn, a large flow rate is possible; the temperature decreases gradually.
It is cheaper to heat water with a gas storage heater with a low-power burner (up to 3 kW). The fact is that such a heater is not needed special chimney. But it can only be installed in agreement with Gorgaz, probably on a separate project. Provided with air from the room (with an exhaust system).
Boiler advantage indirect heating The point is that heating uses the energy of the heating system, which is abundant and usually not expensive. Therefore, there can be a lot of hot water, its temperature is stable, and water is cheaper.
An indirect heating boiler is storage capacity for 100 - 300 liters. Heating is carried out by a spiral pipeline through which the coolant heated to 80 - 90 degrees moves.
Heating systems are created in such a way that when the hot water supply cools below a threshold value, for example +50 degrees, the boiler switches to heating the boiler. At the same time, it produces an increased temperature and operates at full power, heating the hot water supply to the upper threshold value, for example, +60 degrees. After which it switches back to heating.
In a buffer tank, the opposite is true - a large-volume container is used, about 1 ton or more filled with coolant, and the heated water moves in a spiral, i.e. direct-flow heating occurs. But when additional taps are opened, its temperature changes slightly, since the design has a large reserve in terms of the amount of transmitted energy.
The temperature of the hot water will be the same as that of the heating fluid. Sometimes this is not suitable, so a mixing unit is also included in the water supply scheme to reduce the temperature...
Heating systems with solid fuel boilers are mainly supplied with a buffer tank.
Single-circuit gas or liquid boilers are often equipped with a boiler.
Another feature of the system is the ability to create constant circulation of water through a ring water supply pipeline. Then, when you open the tap, you immediately get hot water. Cooling of water is not considered a loss of energy, because it is spent on heating the house.
There is still an opportunity to save - an additional heating coil is placed in the boiler and connected to the solar collector. The sun's energy is called free energy, the consumption of solar collectors is in this case pays off. This makes it possible to heat water in the summer; if there is not enough energy, the boiler is connected.
The main disadvantages of a conventional direct-flow heating system with gas heater(second circuit of the boiler) or electric is decided by installing a boiler layer-by-layer heating. One or more per tap. It is a heat-insulated container into which hot water is supplied from above. Its fence is also carried out from the same level.
Such a boiler makes it possible to simultaneously obtain a lot of hot water at a stable temperature. With it you can pick up “a little water” and also ensure the least amount of cold drainage. A conventional heating boiler can also be used as such an intermediate storage tank.
One of the common mistakes when creating a hot water supply system in a house is connecting an indirect heating boiler to the second circuit of a double-circuit boiler. This circuit itself is designed for preparing hot water, so it has a maximum temperature limit of +60 degrees to prevent thermal burns.
Now the most comfortable and economical solution for creating a hot water supply system is to install an indirect heating boiler, where this can be done. The rest of the hot water supply schemes can be considered forced decisions, which are dictated by circumstances, for example, savings when creating...
Hot water supply to a private home is an important engineering system, the arrangement of which always remains topical issue. This necessary condition in order to fill the house with coziness and make it comfortable to live in. The installation of modern water heaters successfully solves the problems of hot water supply and heating in a private home, and for this it is no longer necessary to have powerful electrical wiring, gas or a chimney. All you need is to familiarize yourself with the principles of operation various systems, choose a suitable scheme, and installation, if desired, can be carried out independently.
Before you begin installing hot water supply in a private home, you need to decide on some parameters of this system.
First of all, you need to figure out what kind of plumbing fixtures you will use, in what quantity and where you will place the equipment. As a rule, this is a sink, bathtub, shower cabin, washbasin, jacuzzi, bidet, etc.
After you have decided where you will place the plumbing, you need to allocate a place in a private house for installing water heating equipment. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the technical capabilities of the device. Experts recommend placing it at the same distance from hot water consumers.
Then the pipes and all related fittings are selected. As a rule, pipes with a diameter of 15 or 20 mm are suitable for internal wiring. For these purposes, galvanized or non-galvanized pipes are used, as well as products made of metal-plastic, polyethylene or polypropylene. The most popular polypropylene pipes. You will need a certain number of fittings, couplings and other elements that must be purchased in the required quantities in accordance with the wiring plan for the hot water supply system of a private home.
Today, there are a large number of companies that will quickly help solve the problem of providing hot water supply to a private home, and will also provide the equipment necessary for water purification. These procedures are mandatory, since in private houses, as a rule, the water sources are wells, artesian wells, etc., and the water in them, as a rule, has a composition that is far from ideal. Therefore, such water cannot be used not only for cooking, but also in hot water supply systems. This is due to the fact that it contains salts of calcium, magnesium and other elements, due to which the water becomes harder.
As a rule, the installation of any water heating device in a private home is carried out by a professional, since this requires preparing a suitable diagram, obtaining permission, and installing ventilation or a chimney if such a need arises.
If you use plastic pipes, the installation process is greatly simplified due to their durability and strength, and these products do not require the use of a welding machine. You should purchase fittings, silicone, tow, spare fasteners for pipes and batteries. You also need a set of tools, consisting of a special soldering iron, scissors, a hammer drill, a screwdriver, a level and a hammer, several types of keys, pliers, metal snips, etc.
The hanging boiler should be located at a distance of at least 50 cm from the ceiling. Reliable fasteners are used for it and radiators. When you set up a boiler room, it is recommended to cover the walls and floor with fire-resistant tiles and do not forget to provide free access to the water heater for periodic maintenance.
It is also necessary to install a chimney and ventilation system. You will also need a circulation pump; it is quite compact and capable of providing constant pressure, as a result of which the water quickly heats up.
If you are working with plastic pipes, you will need an assistant, since the connection is instantaneous and distortions must be avoided. Radiators are installed at the very last moment.
Make sure they are at the same level. The distance to the floor should be from 10 to 15 cm, from the wall - from 2 to 5 cm. By installing shut-off valves and temperature sensors, you can control the water temperature and shut it off if necessary.
If you do not have the necessary installation skills, it is better to turn to professionals. It is important to perform the correct calculations. The first thing you will need to do to properly install the hot water supply of a private house with your own hands is a diagram.
Instantaneous water heater can be presented:
gas water heater for hot water supply to a private house;
heating circuit for hot water supply to a private house from a double-circuit boiler;
electric instantaneous water heater;
plastic heat exchanger connected to the heating circuit.
An instantaneous water heater in a private house begins to heat water from the moment the tap is opened. hot water.
All the energy that is spent on heating water passes from the heater to the water instantly. To get water required temperature over a short period of time, the design of the flow-through heater provides for limiting the water flow rate. The temperature is regulated by the size of the stream of hot water flowing from the tap.
To sufficiently supply hot water to one shower head, the power of the instantaneous water heater must be at least 10 kW. In order to fill the bathtub with hot water in a reasonable time, a heater power of more than 18 kW will be required. If at this moment the hot water tap in the kitchen is opened in parallel, then for comfortable use of hot water it will be necessary to use a heater with a power of 28 kW or more.
In order to provide hot water supply to a private economy class home, a lower power boiler is needed. Thus, the power of a double-circuit boiler is selected based on the needs for hot water consumption.
A hot water supply scheme using an instantaneous water heater is not able to provide economical and comfortable use of hot water in a private home for a number of reasons:
The temperature and pressure of water in the pipes is determined by the amount of fluid flow. As a result, when you open another tap, the water temperature and pressure in the hot water supply system changes dramatically. Therefore, it is extremely inconvenient to use water in two places at the same time.
With a small flow of hot water, the instantaneous water heater does not function at all, and in order to obtain water at the desired temperature, it is necessary to increase the water flow.
Hot water supply is provided with a delay. In this case, the waiting time depends on the length of the pipe laid from the water heating device to the place of water collection. When you first open the tap, some water will simply have to be poured down the drain. This is the water that has already been heated, but has already cooled down.
Scale accumulates quite quickly inside the heating chamber of a flow-through water heating device. If the water composition is very hard, you will have to frequently descale the device.
Thus, the operation of an instantaneous water heater in the hot water supply system of a private house provokes an unreasonable increase in water consumption and the volume of sewage effluent, an increase in electricity consumption for heating water, and also does not allow the comfortable use of hot water in a private house.
At the same time, the hot water supply system for a private home using an instantaneous water heater is very popular among consumers, since it is characterized by a relatively low price and compact dimensions of the device.
This hot water supply system in a private house functions more efficiently if a separate instantaneous water heater is installed next to the place where the liquid is collected.
In such a situation, it is advisable to install electric instantaneous water heaters. Nevertheless, this method will be quite energy-consuming (power up to 30 kW will be required). As a rule, the electrical network of a private home is not designed for such loads, and the cost of electricity is quite high.
The main parameter that one focuses on when choosing an instantaneous water heater is the volume of water that it is able to heat.
In order to comfortably use this water heating device in a private home, you should adhere to the following indicators at the sampling points:
from the sink tap - 4.2 liters per minute (0.07 liters/second);
from the bath or shower tap - 9 liters per minute (0.15 l/sec).
For example, one instantaneous water heater is equipped with three points of analysis, represented by a kitchen sink, a washbasin and a bathtub (shower). If your goal is to choose a bath heater, then you will need a device capable of producing at least 9 liters of water per minute at a temperature of +55 °C. This water heater allows you to use hot water from two sources at once - a sink and a washbasin.
It will be possible to use hot water in parallel in both the shower and washbasin if the heater produces at least 9 l/min + 4.2 l/min = 13.2 l/min.
Manufacturers, as a rule, in the technical characteristics of the device indicate the maximum performance indicator, taking into account water heating at a certain temperature difference, dT, for example, +25 °C, +35 °C or +45 °C. Thus, if the water temperature in the water supply is +10 °C, then the temperature of the tap water after heating will reach +35 °C, +45 °C or +55 °C.
It should be noted that a number of sellers may indicate the level of maximum performance of the device, but do not write what temperature difference it is intended for. For example, you can purchase a geyser with a capacity of 10 liters per minute and it will heat up to a maximum of +35 °C. Using the hot water supply of a private home with such a device may not be so comfortable.
In this case, in a private house it is better to use a gas water heater or a double-circuit boiler, the highest performance of which will be at least 13.2 l/min at dT equal to +45 °C. The power of the gas appliance will be approximately 32 kW.
When you choose a device for hot water supply in a private home, you should also pay attention to the minimum performance indicator at which heating is activated.
If the speed of water movement in the pipe does not reach this value, the water heater will not start working. Therefore, it is often necessary to spend much large quantity water than needed. It would be advisable to select a device with the lowest minimum productivity, for example, no more than 1.1 liters per minute.
The maximum power of electric instantaneous water heaters, often used in a private home, ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 kW. Provided that the maximum productivity of the device is from 3.1 to 3.7 liters/minute, the water is heated to a dT of +25 °C. One device is designed to serve one water supply point in a private home, which can be a shower, washbasin or sink.
A storage water heater (otherwise called a boiler) is a fairly voluminous, thermally insulated metal tank.
As a rule, the lower part of the tank of a water heater contains two heating elements - these are electric heat exchanger and a tubular heater powered by a heating boiler. A boiler is used to heat the water in the tank.
Such a heater is also called an indirect heating boiler.
Hot water in an indirect heating boiler is consumed from the top of the tank. In this case, the lower part is instantly filled cold water from the water supply, is heated by a heat exchanger and goes upstairs.
In European countries everything DHW systems in modern private houses they are necessarily equipped with such an element as a collector (solar heater). In order to connect the solar collector to the bottom of the indirect heating boiler, an additional heat exchanger must be installed.
The water in the boiler is heated by solar collector. If this is not enough, you should connect a boiler or electric heater.
Nowadays, the DHW system of a private home, equipped with a layer-by-layer heating boiler, is very popular. The water in such a device is heated using a flow-through boiler of a double-circuit boiler. This heater is not equipped with a heat exchanger, due to which its cost is significantly reduced.
Heated water comes from the top of the tank. In return, cold water immediately begins to flow into the lower part. tap water. Using a pump, water from the tank passes through a flow-through heater, then enters top part tank. Thanks to this, the consumer instantly receives hot water, without the need to wait for the entire volume of water to heat up, as is the case if you use an indirect heating boiler.
Due to the fact that the top layer of water warms up quickly enough, you can install a boiler of a more compact size in a private house and reduce the power of the instantaneous water heater.
Distinguish double-circuit boilers, equipped with a built-in heater or remote layer-by-layer heating. Thus, this equipment of the domestic hot water system is characterized by lower cost and compact dimensions, in contrast to indirect heating boilers.
The water in the device is heated in advance, even if you do not use it. The amount of heated water is enough for several hours of consumption.
Due to these properties, the water in the tank heats up for a long time, while thermal energy in the hot water will constantly accumulate. Therefore, such a heater is also called a storage water heater.
Due to the long duration of water heating, you can give preference to a relatively low power heater.
How to choose a savings account gas water heater for hot water supply of a private house
A storage boiler, the water in which is heated by a gas burner, is not so popular among domestic hot water systems. Using two gas appliances – gas boiler and a gas boiler at the same time is quite expensive.
Gas boilers are convenient to use in apartments with centralized heating; they are also often used in private houses with a solid fuel boiler, where hot water supply systems with liquefied gas are used to heat water.
Gas heaters are equipped with open and closed combustion chambers, with forced removal of flue gas and with natural draft in the chimney.
The market offers models of storage gas boilers for private homes that do not need to be connected to the chimney. Such devices are distinguished by the low power of gas burners.
A gas boiler, the volume of which does not exceed 100 liters, is mounted on the wall, and larger volume heaters are installed on the floor.
Used in water heaters various ways ignition of gas - for this purpose, use a duty wick, electronic on batteries or hydrodynamic ignition.
In the device, equipped with a pilot wick, a small flame burns, which is first lit manually.
Electronic ignition is connected to the electrical network or runs on batteries or accumulators.
Hydrodynamic ignition is activated by the rotation of the turbine, which in turn is activated by the flow of water.
The comfort of using hot water supply in a private home directly depends on the volume of the storage heater. But the larger the boiler, the higher its cost and the higher the costs of its maintenance and repair work.
How to determine what size boiler to choose for a private home:
the volume of the boiler, which will provide minimal comfort, is calculated based on the consumption of 20 to 30 liters of hot water for each person;
greater comfort can be provided by a domestic hot water supply device, the volume of which ranges from 30 to 60 liters per user;
For high level for comfort, choose a heater whose volume ranges from 60 to 100 liters for each person living in a private home;
to fill the bathtub, you will need about 100 liters of hot water.
When you choose a boiler, pay special attention to how powerful the heating element it is equipped with. For example, to heat one hundred liters of water to +55 °C within a quarter of an hour, the boiler must be equipped with a heater (gas burner, etc.) with a power of 20 kW.
By using a storage water heater in the domestic hot water system, hot water is circulated in the pipes. Each water intake point is connected to a ring pipeline through which hot water circulates.
The section of pipe from each water intake point to the ring pipeline should be no longer than two meters.
The circulation of water in the domestic hot water system of a private house is ensured by the operation of circulation pump with low power (up to several tens of watts).
In domestic hot water systems equipped with a storage heater, the warm water supply mode has the following characteristics:
hot water is always available at water points;
you can turn on the water at several points at once, while temperature regime and the level of water pressure does not change significantly;
the ability to collect any amount of heated water, even the smallest.
In a domestic hot water system with water circulation, energy is regularly consumed to operate the pump and compensate for heat losses in the boiler and pipes. In order to reduce energy consumption, an automatic program is used that turns off water circulation during periods of time when it is not in demand. Insulation of the boiler and water supply will also help reduce energy costs.
In Western European countries, as well as throughout the world, various energy saving methods are very popular.
Used hot water goes down the drain, taking with it a large portion of the energy spent heating it.
In order to reduce energy losses in a private home, an energy recovery scheme from sewage should be used.
Cold water, before entering the heater, flows through a heat exchanger, which, in turn, is discharged into drains from plumbing equipment.
In the heat exchanger, two streams are distinguished - cold tap water and waste hot water, which collide, but do not mix. A certain amount of heat from hot water is transferred to cold water, and warm water enters the heater.
The diagram shown above shows that only the drains of plumbing equipment that operate on hot water are directed to the heat exchanger. This scheme is very beneficial for all methods of heating water in a private home.
To provide hot water supply in a private house, it is necessary to install a hot water supply system equipped with an indirect or layer-by-layer heating boiler with a volume of at least one hundred liters. This system ensures the comfort of using heated water, economical fluid consumption and a smaller volume of sewage. The only drawback of such a system is the high price of the device.
If your budget is limited or you only live in the country for one season, the best option is a domestic hot water system with a flow-through boiler.
This system is suitable for use in private homes, where the heating source and water points are not too far from each other. A maximum of three water taps can be connected to one instantaneous water heater.
Such a system is relatively inexpensive, and the disadvantages of its use are not particularly pronounced.
A double-circuit gas boiler or gas water heater will not take up much space. All equipment necessary for the operation of the system is contained in the device housing. The installation of a domestic hot water system in a private house from a boiler with a power of no more than 30 kW does not require a separate room.
The hot water supply system of a private house with a gas water heater or a double-circuit boiler is distinguished by a stable water supply if a buffer tank in the form of a conventional storage electric water heater is installed in the circuit between the heater and the water collection points. It is recommended to install this device near analysis points remote from the gas apparatus.
In a buffer tank design, hot water first enters the electric heater tank. Due to this, the tank is always filled with hot water. The electric heater in the tank is able to compensate heat losses and maintain the required hot water temperature during the period of time when water is not used. Thus, a small-volume electric water heater (30 liters) will be enough for you to comfortably use the domestic hot water system.
The domestic hot water system of a private house with a flow-through water heater, equipped with a layer-by-layer heating boiler built into the boiler or an external stratified heating boiler, will cost consumers an order of magnitude more. But this equipment has undoubted advantages, in particular, it does not require energy consumption to maintain heat, and moreover, using this device is as comfortable as an indirect heating boiler.
In a private house with an extensive hot water supply network, it is advisable to use a scheme with a storage boiler and water circulation. Only this scheme can provide maximum comfort and economical use of hot water. However, it should be noted that this option requires large installation costs.
Experts recommend purchasing boilers that come with a boiler. Only in this case will the parameters of the boiler and boiler correspond exactly to each other, while the main part of the additional equipment is located in the boiler body.
If heating in a private house is provided by a solid fuel boiler, in this case it is advisable to install a buffer tank - a heat accumulator, to which a hot water supply system with water circulation is connected.
In some cases, to provide hot water supply to a private home, an indirect heating boiler is connected from a solid fuel boiler, which is additionally equipped with an electric heater.
Often, only electricity is used to heat water in a private house where a solid fuel boiler is installed. To provide hot water supply in a private house, a storage electric water heater is installed near the water collection points. A hot water circulation system is not provided in this case. It is best to place a separate storage boiler near remote water collection points. And then electricity for heating water will be spent more economically.
When water is heated to a temperature exceeding +54 °C, the water begins to release hardness salts. To avoid scale formation, it is recommended to heat the water to a temperature lower than specified.
Instantaneous water heaters are especially susceptible to scale formation. If the water is different increased content salt (more than 140 mg CaCO3 in 1 l), then instantaneous water heaters should not be used. Even minor scale deposits can clog the channels in the instantaneous heater, which may result in the water flow stopping.
The water supply in the instantaneous water heater is carried out through an anti-scale filter, which reduces the level of water hardness. The filter is equipped with a replaceable cartridge that must be replaced periodically.
To heat water with a high level of hardness in a private home, it is best to choose a storage hot water supply system with an indirect heating storage tank. Scale deposits on the heating element of the boiler will not impede the flow of water, but will reduce the performance of the boiler.
Do not forget that prolonged heating of water to a temperature of less than +60 ° C can provoke the appearance of Legionella bacteria in the storage tank, which is dangerous to humans. You should regularly carry out thermal disinfection of the hot water supply system of a private home and increase the water heating temperature to +70 °C for a certain time.
The creation of any engineering system, be it hot water supply to a private home or a heating system, cannot do without pipes, fittings and other consumables. An important aspect when choosing these plumbing products is their quality. Only a trusted supplier with an excellent reputation will be able to provide you with the high-quality materials necessary for durable and trouble-free operation of any engineering system.
So, by cooperating with SantekhStandard, you acquire the following advantages:
quality products for reasonable prices;
constant availability products in stock in any quantities;
conveniently located warehouse complexes in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk and Samara;
free delivery in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Samara, including to transport companies;
delivery of goods to the regions through any transport companies;
individual approach and flexible work with each client;
discounts and various promotions for regular customers;
certified and insured products;
registered in Russia trade marks, That is additional protection from low-quality fakes.
The specialists of our company “SantechStandard” are ready to help both individuals and companies choose plumbing equipment. You just need to contact us by phone:
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Every summer, city residents face the same problem: a lack of hot water due to planned repairs to the city water supply. Sometimes this process drags on for a couple of months, and you rush with basins and saucepans from the kitchen to the bathroom and back, cursing city services and complaining about life. But it’s very easy to get rid of this inconvenience: just buy a boiler to heat water. Our material will discuss how to choose a water heater, how to install it, and what to remember during operation.
Water heater - guarantee of hot water supply in the house
From a purely technical point of view, a boiler is a device for heating water and keeping it warm for use. It consists of a volumetric container with high-quality thermal insulation and a heating element. The temperature control of the device is provided. You can buy a boiler for heating water at any hardware store. The range of devices with this purpose is quite large, and our task is to understand all this variety and make the best choice.
A water heating boiler can completely replace centralized hot water supply. It is used in private houses and apartments, in catering establishments, kindergartens and schools.
It should be noted that the quality of water from a water heater and from a centralized main canal still differs, no matter how some people claim the opposite. Judge for yourself: for centralized water supply, water is heated in boiler rooms and sent through a separate pipeline. constantly exposed high temperature. They are destroyed by adding substances that are unusual for it to the water.
But if you have a boiler in your apartment, then the water will be of much better quality. You send clean cold water from the tap into it and instantly get the result, without sediment, rust and other “gifts”.
This all concerns sanitary water. But there are also boilers for drinking water, they are used for other purposes as well. In canteens, cafes, bars and restaurants, special boilers for tea are installed. They may have different designs. Some are arranged according simple principle boiler. Usually these are large containers of 10-90 liters. They can be poured or have a continuous supply of water for preparing drinks. There is a second option - geyser-type heaters.
This device allows you to replenish the lack of hot water in case of interruptions in the main line. The device consists of a heat-insulated body and a tank with a spiral-shaped heat exchanger. The design maintains the temperature of the liquid for a long time. The coolant circulates through the coil and warms the liquid. The movement of the coolant is ensured by a pump, which is turned off by a thermostat when the required temperature is reached. Before choosing such a device, study the capabilities of your heating system and determine whether it can cope with heating water in the required quantities and at the same time properly perform its main task.
The advantage of an indirect type water heater is that you can maintain the temperature in a large volume of liquid without spending extra money on electricity. From such a boiler you can simultaneously supply water to the kitchen for washing dishes and to the bathroom for washing. But it should be noted that the cost of the tank and the price of its installation are steep. So before you save on an energy source, you will have to shell out a tidy sum for the arrangement of the system. Water in indirect boilers warms up slowly.
Directly heated gas boilers are distinguished by the fact that they have a reservoir in which the water coming from the water supply is heated using a burner or heating element, if necessary. electrical appliance. After hot water is drawn, the container is filled again and the process continues continuously.
Direct heating boilers can be floor or wall mounted. They are usually compact and can be placed not only in the boiler room, but also in the kitchen or bathroom. The rate at which water is heated in such devices depends on the energy source they use. If the device uses gas fuel or has a solid fuel operating principle, it must be equipped. The main advantage of such devices is the rapid heating of water, and main drawback in energy costs.
Based on the type of storage, water heaters are divided into flow-through and storage (capacitive). Let's look at their characteristics.
Devices with a flow system can be used in a private home and apartment. In such a device, water heats up almost instantly thanks to super-powerful heating elements. The more water is consumed, the more heating elements are connected. This mechanism allows you to save energy. The device is protected from overheating by a special system that prevents the water from boiling and burning your hands.
All necessary information information about the operation of the device is displayed on the electronic display. It shows the water temperature, the number of connected heating elements and the liquid flow per minute. If the temperature in the tap exceeds the permissible values, the device will give a signal.
Main advantages flow heaters The absence of restrictions on the volume of hot water and the compact dimensions of the device are considered. It may just look like a faucet attachment. The main argument of opponents of such systems is that connecting the device requires separate wiring with a powerful cable. But if we are talking about a device with low power, up to two kilowatts, it is quite possible to use a regular outlet.
A storage type water heater has a very simple design. Water enters the tank, is heated in it and stored in a heated form. The thermostat in the installation monitors constant temperature in the tank, heat is retained due to high-quality thermal insulation.
When purchasing storage water heaters for your dacha, you should pay attention to safety devices. The kit should include a water sensor, a safety valve and a draft indicator.
Important! The socket for connecting a water heater must be equipped with grounding.
Several taps can operate simultaneously from a cylinder water heater. But to ensure full heating of bathing water, you will have to install a container of at least 80 liters, and you will need to find a place for it in the house. For constant maintenance temperature of the contents of the tank, the device constantly turns on the heaters, this affects the size of the electricity bills. Among other things, capacitive devices require periodic maintenance: descaling and replacement of anodes.
Get thermal energy for the boiler can be from different sources. The most primitive devices can be heated with wood or diesel fuel, most homes have gas or electric water heaters, and devices that use solar energy are becoming increasingly popular.
Much has already been said about the advantages of gas heaters, but solar heaters are the future. Free heat quickly pays for all equipment costs. You can find many recommendations online on how to make such a device with your own hands from scrap materials. Here is an example of such a video:
If we analyze the sales of boilers with different sources of thermal energy, then electrical appliances will confidently take first place. Electric water boilers have a mass positive qualities. They are easy to install, energy efficient and have a high efficiency. It is not always possible to connect to mains gas, but electricity is available in every home - and this is another undoubted advantage of these devices.
Electric water heaters for apartments are controlled using remote control. This is very convenient in conditions of constant rush of citizens.Modern electric water heating tanks are equipped with an electronic LCD display. You can easily control the heating temperature and monitor the operation of the device. An electric boiler for heating water can also have hydraulic control. This is a more primitive option, based on adjusting the filling of the tank using a tap.
With all the undoubted advantages of this type of heating, electric tanks also have disadvantages. And the most important of them is the price of electricity. No matter how much you save, operating such a tank will cost you more than a gas boiler.
The main advantage of gas water boilers is saving you money. So far, gas in our country is a more profitable fuel than electricity. So heating systems, and appliances for cooking and heating water using gas - all this will cost you less than electric ones.
To install a gas water heater, you do not need to “conjure” with electrical wiring. The maximum that may be required is to connect a pump if the tank is equipped with one, but there are not many such models. And even if it is not possible to connect to the main gas, you can get out of the situation by connecting a storage gas boiler to cylinders with liquefied blue fuel.
The main disadvantage of this system is that it cannot be installed and connected by hand. Installation will require the help of certified specialists, otherwise the gas industry will not give permission to operate the device.
Exploitation gas appliances requires increased security measures. Water heaters are installed in rooms with a reliable chimney.
What criteria should you use to select a water heater? There are a few important parameters, which you need to pay attention to:
It is clear that the larger the tank, the better. There is no point in buying a small container for big family and vice versa, install a huge tank if there are only two of you. There are approximate standards for how to choose a boiler for a home based on the number of residents:
Advice! Before you buy a large tank, consider whether the wall you plan to mount it on can support the load.
The greater the declared power, the faster the water heats up and the more energy is consumed. Please take this into account. There are huge tanks with low power, they will heat up for hours, you will get tired of waiting for the bath until the water heats up.
We have already talked about the materials of the tank, but it is worth recalling that stainless steel– an expensive material with a long service life. Divide the cost of such a boiler by 15 and compare it with the cost of a porcelain-lined tank divided by a three-year warranty.
And two more important aspects in the question of which electric boilers are best to choose – prices and companies. There is only one piece of advice here - trust manufacturers who have experience and reputation among buyers. Do not try to buy the cheapest device, as they say, the miser pays twice.
Before you buy electric boiler for heating water, study the range of manufacturing companies that have greatest number positive feedback from buyers.
We can roughly identify five favorites in the race for the consumer:
| Brand | Description |
|---|---|
| BOSCH | The products of this company are traditionally considered reliable and easy to use. The devices of this company are assembled in several countries; experts advise choosing Bulgarian-assembled water heaters. |
| ARISTON | Household appliances from this manufacturer are among the best-selling in our country. The cost of the devices is in the middle price category, but Ariston water heaters are famous for their long service life. |
| GORENJE | Boilers from this manufacturer are ideal value for money. They use dry heating elements, they do not become covered with scale and last a long time. Users note the excellent thermal insulation of the tanks. The temperature in them can last up to two days. |
| THERMEX | Thermex heaters have an attractive design and exceptional reliability. The manufacturer provides a confident warranty period of 10 years, but in practice the devices can last twice as long. The heating elements in the water heaters of this company are coated with a silver alloy, which makes them almost eternal. |
| ELECTROLUX | A wide range of water heaters from this company will allow you to choose a device that suits the specific conditions of your home. There are flow-through and capacitive models on sale that are distinguished by their compactness, attractive appearance and reliability. |
| Volume of the tank | Bosch | Ariston | Gorenje | Thermex | Electrolux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |
|
| Model/price, rub. | |||||
| Boilers for heating water 30 liters, price | Tronic 1000T ES30-5/ | ABS BLU R 30V Slim/ | FTG 30 SM B6/ | Hit H30-O/ 4910 rub. | EWH 30 Royal/ 6800 rub. |
| Boilers for heating water 50 liters, price | Tronic 1000T ES50-5/ | ABS PRO ECO PW 50V/ | OTG 50 SLSIMB6/ | Round Plus IS 50V/ | EWH 50 Royal Silver/ |
| Boilers for heating water 80 liters, price | Tronic 2000T ES80-5/ | ABS PRO R INOX 80V/ | OTG 80 SL B6/ | Flat Plus IF 80V/ | EWH 80 AXIOmatic/ |
| Boilers for heating water 100 liters, price | Tronic 2000T ES100-5/ | ABS PRO R INOX 100V/ | TGU 100 NG B6/ | Round Plus IR 100V/ | EWH 100 Royal/ |
After you have made the difficult choice, all that remains is to install the water heater. Take your time; prepare carefully. First of all, decide on the installation location. Please note that the tank will have to be descaled from time to time, so there must be an approach to it. The wall on which you plan to hang the boiler must be strong enough, because it will have to cope not only with the tank, but also with the weight of its contents. Connecting a storage water heater requires analysis and preparation
A solar water heater is a system for heating water using solar energy. This type of collector is a heat exchanger that converts solar energy into heat. This method of energy accumulation allows you to obtain hot water from minimal costs financial resources.
If we consider the design of this equipment, then its main part is the collector itself. This part of the water heater is a kind of radiator, which consists of a system of thin tubes. They circulate the coolant, in this case water, and absorb solar energy.
There is also a reservoir containing water. This kind of storage serves the function expansion tank, and in some embodiments also the role of a heat exchanger.
Standard operation of the water heater:
This is a classic and simplified operating scheme, which can be more complicated depending on the type of heater.
There are several fundamental classifications:
When solar water heater with natural circulation, the collector is placed on the roof slope and a reservoir is immediately installed. If the latter has a large volume, then such a load on the roof can become critical. The solution would be to place the tank in the basement of the building, in which case forced circulation with special pumps is used.
With this circulation method, oils can be used as a coolant. They have practically no ability for natural circulation, but they cope with the function of a coolant perfectly.
This design almost completely eliminates heat loss, while the water coolant is heated to boiling point, and the oil coolant to 200-300 degrees, which makes it possible to use the resulting heat to heat the building. It is natural that such a collector is more expensive than a panel one, but the result obtained will justify the costs.
You can also choose one of the possible coolants - water, oil or antifreeze. After the collector, the coolant passes through a heat exchanger, in which heat is transferred to the second circuit. The second coolant used is already used for its intended purpose - for heating or water supply.
With the help of such water heaters, you can solve the issue of not only regular hot water supply, but also provide heat to your home.
Water heaters will help solve the following problems:
Since the equipment is powered by solar energy, the heater will be installed outdoors. Installation is recommended to be carried out on the roofs of buildings, on balconies or other architectural protrusions.
The water heater screen should be directed south. The installation is carried out at a certain angle to the horizon, which is equivalent to the geographic latitude of the area.
The water heater constantly absorbs energy and for obvious reasons the energy source cannot be turned off, therefore, in the case of low water consumption, the stagnation temperature can reach up to 300°C.
For this reason, the use of plastic and steel pipes with zinc coating. Pipelines made of copper or stainless steel will be optimal for operation.
The hot circuit of a solar water heater must be insulated to avoid burns and fires. The operating temperature of the equipment should be taken into account when choosing thermal insulation and fasteners.
Manufacturers of solar water heaters indicate the exact stagnation temperature on the body of their products.
The collector panels should be located in an open space so that there is open access to sunlight. It is necessary to exclude the presence of possible obstacles.
Most often, the angle of inclination of the collector will be the slope of the roof slope. In order to bring the water heater operating efficiency closer to maximum, it is better to follow the recommendations and use a special rack on which the collector will be mounted.
Those. The key to proper and efficient operation of the equipment are just a few rules:
Incorrect installation will reduce the quality of the water heater, and the investment will not be justified. The type of heater can also play a role in how it is installed. During installation, take into account the type of equipment used.
The following systems are distinguished:
It implies the absorption and accumulation of energy that occurs naturally. Solar energy enters the heating object without controlling this process, i.e. There are no mechanisms or control elements. This simple system, which does not require special costs. However, the disadvantages are that the water heater operates unevenly and not at full capacity.
Most clear example- this is a darkened tank that is located above summer shower. They work in this passive mode single-circuit systems, in which the process of natural circulation is used. For full operation of the system, the receiving tank is placed above the collector, but this installation method is not always convenient. The issue can be resolved using another way of operating the system.
Free from the disadvantages of a passive system. Its operation is based on the fact that the sun's rays, thanks to special devices, are converted into thermal energy, which is systematically transferred to the heating tank and the consumer. The operation of such a heater is achieved thanks to forced circulation, which can be supported in single and dual circuit systems. Also used and additionally installed are motors that rotate panels and pumps, measuring equipment, as well as devices for monitoring and controlling the operation of the system.
Such water heaters are widely used in practice in many European countries: Israel, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, China, etc. Since the distribution of this type of product is actively increasing, the number of companies that manufacture solar water heaters and provide services for their installation and maintenance is also increasing accordingly.
Below is a list of top manufacturers that have entered the global market:
By purchasing products from world-famous manufacturers, you can be confident in the quality of the product and the guarantees that are given for the equipment itself and its further maintenance. The price, accordingly, will also be at the same level.
In any case, when choosing a solar water heater, you need to pay attention to the following technical parameters:
Using these indicators, you can evaluate the energy efficiency of the water heater. If such information is missing, then it is impossible to evaluate the performance of the purchased equipment and all pitfalls will be discovered directly during operation and after certain investments, which may simply be unjustified.
Price overviewIn addition to the world name, the cost of the heater can be influenced by:
Since there are many design differences that can affect the cost of equipment, prices fluctuate over a wide range. For example, a Russian-made manifold will cost around 21 thousand rubles. (Sokol-Effect), vacuum manifold 30HP – $795 (TM “Atmosfera” China), water heater VFK 150V – 690 euros (Vaillant, Germany), Solar 7000TF – 875 euros (Bosch, Germany).
German manufacturers include original fasteners in the kit, which are often made of stainless steel or aluminum, and this also affects the price. The final cost will include payment for carrying out installation work, purchase of necessary consumables and auxiliary materials.
Nowadays it is difficult to imagine modern housing without hot water, which should be available around the clock. And if previously it was supplied to almost every apartment centrally, now each owner must take care of it independently. Until recently, in those houses where there was no centralized hot water supply, people heated water for bathing, washing, etc. with the help of electric boilers or even saucepans, this happened, but now the situation has changed radically. Cumbersome and not always safe equipment has been replaced by a modern and highly efficient boiler for heating water.
A water heater of this type consists of a housing, inside of which there is a container surrounded by a layer of thermal insulation. In the internal tank there is a heat exchanger, usually made in the form of a coil. The heating element pipes are led to the heat source. The coolant, circulating through the circuit, heats the water.
There are indirect heating boilers for heating water, which do not have a coil. This design is called a “tank in a tank” and the liquid is heated by a coolant moved between the walls of the outer and inner tanks.
The advantages of indirect heating water heaters include:
The disadvantage is the boiler’s dependence on connected heat sources. So, for example, if it is used as such a source, then in the summer a water heater of this type will not work.
More clearly about indirect heating boilers is described in the video
In water heaters of this type, energy is spent on heating water only inside the tank. There are direct-heated gas boilers and electric ones that heat water using heating elements.
Such water heaters are metal case, in which a container of water is placed, surrounded by a thermal insulation layer. In addition to a gas burner or heating element, direct heating boilers are equipped with a magnesium anode, a thermostat, pipes and a safety group.
Water heaters are also divided into instantaneous and storage. And each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Instantaneous water heaters are devices capable of quickly heating liquid without volume limitations. Previously, this function was performed, but in modern, more compact devices, water, passing through a heating element made in the form of a flask, is heated to comfortable temperature at 60˚C. Such a quick result is achieved thanks to the high power of the heating element. However, the device performs its functions only at one water intake point.
Another disadvantage is that this type of heating equipment requires a lot of energy. To reduce costs, you will have to use hot water more economically. Anyone who is not ready to limit themselves in the consumption of hot water should take a closer look at storage-type boilers. Also, when deciding to buy a flow-through boiler, you need to take into account the number of people living in the apartment and their need for heated liquid used for hygienic purposes.
viksenia, Russia, Tsarskoe Selo – Pushkin: Instantaneous water heater NevaLux 5611 - Forgot what it means to light with matches!
Pros: small, compact, silent, heats well
Disadvantages: designed for 1 water supply point, will not turn on if the water pressure is low, lower wires
When we moved into our house, we already had a water pump, and it was old, from Soviet times, that is previous owners it wasn't changed. The house is from 1976, we moved in in 2006, that is, the gas water heater was 30 years old. Ancient though. But at first we didn’t change anything, since the column was in working condition.
The first year everything worked fine for us, we even got used to lighting the wick with matches (the window in the middle). It was very inconvenient and unusual at first, because in another house when we lived in St. Petersburg we simply had hot water and without any gas. But we got used to a gas water heater.
Such a water heater also has its advantages, when hot water is usually turned off in the summer and sometimes for a week or two in houses without gas, this is very inconvenient, but we have hot water at any time)))).
More details on Otzovik: http://otzovik.com/review_2725066.html
The most convenient to use is considered to be a storage type water heater, with an internal tank volume of 10-500 liters. For apartments, as a rule, equipment with a tank volume of up to 150 liters is chosen (depending on the number of people living and their needs). Storage boilers are a tank with thermal insulation and heating elements placed inside, which heat the water to 35-85˚C. When the temperature drops, the automation is triggered and the heating elements are turned on again. The built-in one is responsible for maintaining the required temperature.
Thanks to the storage system, it is possible to provide hot water to all water points in a private house or apartment at once. Storage water heaters for small dachas are very popular, which in principle is enough for taking a shower and washing dishes. It will take about 15 minutes to heat 10 liters of water to 45˚C, but a 100 liter boiler will take about 4 hours to warm up.
Storage water heaters can be mounted vertically or horizontally, allowing them to fit into any space. Large-volume boilers are placed mainly horizontally and on the floor, and the connection is made using flexible hoses.
As we have already found out, boilers differ in many ways, and another difference is the type of energy carrier used to heat the water.
Electric water heaters are more popular and are presented by manufacturers in a fairly wide range. The energy carrier is electricity, and the heating element is a heating element, which, depending on its placement, can be of the “dry” or “wet” type. In an electric water boiler, a special sensor is installed next to the heating element, which controls the operation of the entire device through an electronic or electromechanical thermostat.
Between the metal or plastic body of the water heater and the internal tank there is thermal insulation layer, allowing you to save desired temperature liquid for quite a long time. Cold water enters through the inlet pipe located at the bottom of the tank, and the already heated liquid is supplied to the consumer through the upper pipe after opening the corresponding one.
Most electric tanks for heating water are equipped with a magnesium anode, which, due to its lower electrical potential, attracts free salt ions present in the liquid from the water supply. As a result, scale settles on the anode, and not on the walls of the tank and heating elements. Over time, the anode deteriorates and for normal operation of an electric water heater for an apartment, it will need to be replaced.
At the point where the boiler is connected to the cold water supply, a safety group with safety valve, which protects the water heater from the destructive effects of excess pressure.
Gas water heaters are not as popular as their electric counterparts due to installation difficulties (design approval, ventilation, chimney, registration). Gas water boilers consist of a thick-walled casing, an internal tank, thermal insulation and a combustion chamber. Gas burners located in the bottom wall of the tank heat the water tank, and, accordingly, the liquid in it. Additionally, heat is transferred to the water from the central channel, through which combustion products are removed.
The gas storage boiler is controlled by a temperature sensor and thermostat. These controls detect the water temperature and turn it off or on if necessary gas burner. The boiler is also equipped with a special safety valve for emergency discharge of excess. Like electric water heaters, gas devices for heating water, they can be equipped with a magnesium anode, which needs to be replaced over time.
Before buying a water heater, you should consider all the criteria that have already been mentioned. Now it’s worth summing up the results and before choosing a boiler for your home, we will briefly list the characteristics by which to choose a device for heating water.
So, first of all, we determine the volume of the tank. Manufacturers offer boilers from 5 to 500 liters. However, when a person lives alone in an apartment, then why do you need a large-volume water heater if 50 liters of water is enough for your needs. A family of 3 people will need a boiler with a tank capacity of up to 120 liters, but for a house or apartment with 4 or more residents, you need a unit designed for 150-200 liters.
It's also important to know required power heating element, on which the rate of heating a certain volume of liquid to a given temperature directly depends. The optimal power of heating elements is 2 kW.
An important role is played by the type of storage system, depending on the family’s needs for hot water - storage, flow-through or bulk. When deciding which company is better to choose an electric boiler, price is of great importance. The fact is that if a family needs a small-volume water heater and, moreover, for installation in a country house, then there is no need to purchase an expensive device when you can get by with a cheaper analogue.
To make it easier to buy an electric boiler for heating water, you should familiarize yourself with the most popular manufacturers of water heating equipment and their model lines.
| Manufacturer/Description | The lineup | |||
| Ariston
The ideal combination of price and quality. Prices for the brand’s heating devices start from $100, which makes Ariston boilers affordable for any consumer. | SG Series represented by budget models with volumes from 10 to 80 l | ABS PRO ECO Series– boilers with tanks with increased protection against bacteria | ABS PRO ECO SLIM Series presents compact models designed for small spaces | ABS SLV– water heaters of this series have a special Silver Protection coating and an original design |
| Electrolux
The brand’s water heating equipment meets all modern requirements, is functional and has a relatively low level of energy consumption. | EWH SL | EWH QUANTUM SLIM | EWH MAGNUM SLIM | EWH 15S |
| AEG
The company produces water heating equipment and guarantees the high quality of all components and assembly. They also pay great attention to the safety and environmental friendliness of their products. | AEGEWH Universal EL | AEGEWH 10 mini | AEGDEM Basis | AEG EWH Comfort EL |
| Termex
The company offers its customers high-quality water heaters at affordable price. Features of Termex boilers include the ability to adjust power from 1.3 to 3 kW. | FLAT TOUCH | FLATP LUS | ROUND PLUS | ELITE |
| Gorenje
The Slovenian company offers boilers with plastic or steel tanks and an enameled inner surface. | GT– these are models with a volume of 10-15 liters | TG– main series of boilers | G.B.– devices with a “dry” heating element | OGB– models with a long warranty period |
LyubaGrom, Ukraine: Storage water heater Gorenje GBFU 80 SIMV9 - A good boiler, but it is difficult to know the amount of hot water.
Advantages: Two dry heating elements, magnesium anode, retains hot water temperature well, reliable.
Disadvantages: There is no indicator of the temperature of the heated water, there is no way to turn off one of the heating elements.
In apartments and houses where there is no stable supply of hot water, a water heater of any design will help solve the problem of heating water. When purchasing a Gorenje GBFU 80 SIMV9 storage water heater, I paid attention to reliability and the required displacement for our family. My choice fell on a storage type water heater with a volume of 80 liters.
More details on Otzovik: http://otzovik.com/review_767802.html
The cost of water heaters directly depends on the manufacturer, the volume of the internal tank, the technologies used, power and much more. Let's look at the most popular models of equipment of various capacities and their prices.
| Models | Volumes of the internal tank, l. | ||||
| 15 | 30 | 50 | 80 | 100 | |
| Electrolux | EWH 15S | EWH 30 | Axiomatic Slim | EWH Digital | EWH Magnum Slim |
 |  |  |  |  |
|
| RUB 5,375 | from 5,000 rub. | from 8,000 rub. | from 11,000 rub. | from 8,000 rub. | |
| Gorenje | GT 15 UV6 | TGR30NGB6 | TGR 50 NGB6 | TGU 80 NGB6 | TG 100 NGB6 |
 |  |  |  |  |
|
| 6,990 rub. | 6,130 rub. | 7,700 rub. | RUB 8,180 | 9,100 rub. | |
| Termex | Hit 15U | Flat Plus IF 30 V | Ultra Slim IU 50 V | Flat Plus IF 80 V | Flat Plus IF 100 V |
 |  |  |  | ||
