Lesson topic: “Outdated words: historicisms, archaisms.”
OBJECTIVES: to show students that the native word always awakens thought and gives the joy of knowledge; show the place of obsolete words in the system of the modern Russian language; teach to distinguish between archaisms and historicisms; develop the ability to draw analogies between modern and outdated words, the ability to work with dictionaries; aim at understanding the role of outdated words in a literary text; maintain interest in words coming out and coming out of modern language system; to cultivate a love for antiquity, for the culture and way of life of the Russian people.
During the classes.
Org moment.
Teacher: Language is both old and forever new!
And it's so beautiful -
In a huge sea - a sea of words -
Swim every hour. A. Shibaev
Communicate the topic and goals.
Teacher: Guys, you learned a lot of folklore: epics, tales. fairy tales fables where you have come across words that are or have already fallen out of everyday use. Today we will talk about the place of these words in the modern Russian language.
Introduction to the topic.
Teacher: Remember what the collection of all words in a language is called?
D: The set of all words in a language is called vocabulary. (diagram)
Teacher: What 2 large layers can vocabulary be divided into?
D: Active and passive.
Teacher: What does active language reserve mean?
D: Active words are words that we use in speech every day. This is the vocabulary of modern books, newspapers, magazines, cinema, radio, television programs. N: student, school, play, boy.
Teacher: How can you differentiate between passive words?
D: These are new words that have recently appeared in the language. N: tolerance, computer, transformer. (diagram)
D: And also words that have fallen out or are falling out of use, i.e. outdated words.
Teacher: And what 2 groups outdated words are divided into, you will remember after watching I.A. Krylov’s fable “Fish Dance”.
Showing a fable.
Teacher: What outdated words were found in the text?
D: (the named words are posted on the board)
Tsar Vyshed (who came out)
Sovereign Naudya (putting it on)
(rulers in other Rus') One (they)
Teacher: Why are the words arranged in two columns?
D: Reads out, these are words that have fallen out of use. They represent objects that no longer exist. This means that column 1 contains historicisms.
Teacher: Define historicisms.
D: Historicisms are outdated words that have fallen out of use because those objects and things have disappeared. the phenomena they signified. They cannot be replaced with words that are similar in meaning. D
Teacher: What can you say about the words in column 2?
D: These outdated words can be replaced with modern ones (reads out), which means they are archaisms.
Teacher: Define archaisms.
D: Archaisms are outdated words; denote existing objects and phenomena. Replaced with modern words.
Consolidation.
Teacher: I suggest you look at the “live” pictures and determine which outdated words the guys show, archaisms or historicisms? (Music)
IMAGES
Teacher: What outdated word did you find?
1 .Barn -a building for storing bread, now a granary, which means this is A.
Teacher: I will put the letter A over the word, which will denote archaism.
2 . Tribute -population tax or tax levied by the winner from the vanquished, this is I.
Teacher: What is this picture about?
3. Lanitas-cheeks, this is A.
Teacher: What word did Ksyusha show?
4. Polushka - a small coin worth half money or 1/4 kopeck, you could buy a kalach, this is I.
Teacher: Who guessed this word?
Inch - a unit of length equal to 2.54 cm, in Andersan’s fairy tale the height of “Thumbelina”, this word is now used when changing the diameter of pipes, which means it is A.
Teacher: What word should we mark here?
6 .Veats-food, this is A.
7. Span -an ancient measure of length equal to the distance between the ends of an elongated decree. and thumb.
Teacher: Well done. Open the book to p. 64 and listen to an excerpt from A.S.’s fairy tale. Pushkin “About Tsar Saltan”, find outdated words in it.
Girls pour emerald
Into the storerooms and under cover;
That's all the island is rich,
There are no pictures, there are chambers everywhere.
Teacher: What outdated words did you come across in the fairy tale?
D: U. sl. CHAMBERS are rooms where kings used to live, now they are museums, this is I.
D: The word SPUD is an outdated word, but I find it difficult to answer what it means.
Teacher: Where should you go if you don’t know the meaning of a word?
D: In such cases, we turn to the dictionary.
Teacher: That's right. You see several types of dictionaries from the school library (list). Unfortunately, there is no dictionary of outdated words among them, but an explanatory dictionary will come to our aid. Let's use it and find the word we are looking for.
D: The words in the dictionary are located in alphabetical order. I'm looking for the right letter with which the word begins, it is highlighted in bold. Reads.p258.
Teacher: Thanks to the dictionary, we found out the meaning of the word “spud”, i.e. discreet place. Make up sentences with this word.
I hid my cash savings under a bushel.
I hid my diary with a grade of “2” under a bushel.
His letter to D.M. I hid my New Year wishes under a bushel for now.
Teacher: Thank you. Let's take a journey into the history of Russian folk costume.
D: We invite you to view Russian folk costumes, which reflect the history and traditions, culture and customs of our ancestors.
The peculiarity of a woman's suit is its smoothness, softness, and fluidity of lines. Having put on a sundress, you don’t want to walk, but glide and swim. It is no coincidence that a woman was previously called a peahen, a duck, or a swan. This comparison with a bird is fixed in the name of the headdresses: kokoshnik - from a chicken, kichka - from a duck, a magpie with horns resembles the tail of a magpie or simply a ribbon embroidered with embroidery, pearls, stones. Head the attire was obligatory; people hid their hair under it. A woman without a headdress was considered a disgrace, hence the expression - a fool.In finishing the predominant color of clothing was red - the color of the sun, fire; it was believed that it scared away evil spirits. White sleeves are wings that can carry you to the distant kingdom. The sundress was made of cloth, Chinese fabric, and motley fabric, decorated with brocade, velvet, braid, corduroy, and the bottom with multi-colored ribbons.
Before you are the oldest Russian folk costume. The main thing in it is the common folk skirt poneva, the hems of which, as a rule, were not sewn together. The poneva was held on by a string or braid. This poneva was a kind of passport for a peasant woman: from it one could find out where her owner was from, married or widowed, for what occasion she wore the poneva. The poneva skirt was decorated with rich ribbons, buttons, braid, velvets and even bells. This clothing was considered “women’s”; girls did not wear it.. With the poneva they wore a shirt with slanted stripes made of red calico.Important part of the costume is an apron, without which not a single housewife started her day. It was also decorated. The richer the decoration, the more skillful the housewife.
Male the costume is not as varied as women's. The basis is a shirt-shirt and ports (pants). It was considered indecent if the sash was untied. “Why are you so loose”, that’s what they say about a person who doesn’t know how to behave.Head hats (felted, top hats, straw, fur). outerwear- poddevka (light coat), armyak (kaftan made of thick cloth). Clothes were decorated with embroidery or woven patterns, beads, glass beads, small coins, gold and silver threads, pearls, foil, lace, and sewing were used.
Most The most common shoes were bast shoes with onucha windings.
Teacher: Thank you. Listen to Markov’s poem “Come Back” and think about why we need outdated words in our speech?
Come back
Come back, dear cheeks,
Cheeks don't replace you!
And the eye that is open to the world,
Not the same as the eye!..
Come back, bright mornings,
I bow my head to you!
The whole list that couldn't fit
Come back to my poems! - I’m calling..
I'm calling. But maybe in vain -
They are like a silenced chant,
Like stars that have long gone out,
Warming the earth forever.
D: Sadness, melancholy. sadness.
Teacher: Why does the poet yearn for words that have left the language?
D: Because many of them were beautiful and sounded solemn.
Teacher: Why can’t the word cheeks replace the words lanita?
D: It seems to me that not every cheek can be called a cheek, but only very beautiful, rosy ones. For example, women's cheeks.
Teacher: How do you understand the line “And an eye is not the same as an eye”?
D: Everyone has eyes. The word eyes is a common word. And the word ochi means delightful, mysterious eyes.
D: Because they are very expressive, you want to admire them. He respects the past, bows before it.
Teacher: So, what 2 groups are they divided into? sl.?
D: Obsolete words are divided into archaisms and historicisms.
Teacher: What is the difference between historicism and archaism?
D: Archaisms can be replaced with modern words, but historicisms cannot.
Teacher: Do you think it is necessary to return outdated words to modern speech?
D: I think there is no need to do this, because speech will change, it will sound different, people will have to relearn. We are accustomed to modern language...
D: It would be interesting to return some words back, then our speech will become more expressive, richer.
Teacher: Opinions are divided, but I think, of course, we should know the meaning of y. sl, they are beautiful, accurate, laconic, they return us to the origins, to antiquity, to history, they help us understand and feel the era that the author describes. Let the modern language be replenished with new words.
Teacher: Today in class we were active………………….
Teacher: Let’s finish our lesson with the reflection “Everything is in your hands.” (use a slide drawing of a palm)
Take album sheet, where yours is circled left hand. Each finger is some kind of position on which you need to express your opinion on our lesson by painting the fingers in the corresponding colors that are indicated on the board.
BIG - the topic was important and interesting - red.
INDEX - learned a lot of new things - yellow.
MEDIUM - I found it hard to green.
UNNAMED - I was comfortable with blue.
LITTLE FINGER - not enough information - purple.
DICTIONARY OF ARCHAISMS, HISTORISM:
1. Barn /A./ – a building for storing grain, flour, supplies, goods.
2. Dennitsa / I./ - morning dawn.
3. Armor /I./ – warrior’s protective equipment, heavy equipment.
4. Inch/A. / – unit of measurement equal to 2 cm 54 mm.
5. Zavalinka /I./ - a low earthen embankment along the outer walls of the hut.
6. Castle /I./ - palace or fortress of a feudal lord.
7. Zga/I./ - road
8. Zlato /A./ – a precious metal yellow color.
9. Coach /AND. / – a large closed four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage on springs.
10. Kaftan /I./ - ancient men's long-brimmed outerwear.
11. Kokoshnik /I./ - an elegant women's headdress with a decorated front part and ribbons at the back.
12. Helmsman / I./ - helmsman, feeder.
13. Kochetok / I./- rooster.
14. Lanita /A./- cheeks.
15. Lapti /I./ - peasant shoes woven from bast.
16. Eyes/A./ – eyes.
17. Chambers /I./ - a large, rich building, room.
18. Palitsa /I./ - steel arms.
19. Finger /A./- finger.
20. Poliki /I./ – trim on the sleeve of the shirt of a girl’s Russian folk costume.
21. Polushka /I./ – a small coin worth half money or ¼ kopeck, you could buy a kalach with it.
22. Poneva /I./ (skirt) - this clothing was considered a “woman’s”, a kind of peasant woman’s passport, the skirts were not sewn together, they were held on by a gashnik - braid, decorated with ribbons, braid, velvets.
23. Pyad /I./ - an ancient measure of length equal to the distance between the spread thumb and forefinger.
24. Scepter /I./ - a decorated staff, an emblem of power, one of the regalia of the monarch.
25. Soroka /I./ - an elegant women's headdress with horns, reminiscent of a magpie's tail.
26. Spud /I./- hidden place.
27. Sagittarius /I./ – in the Russian state 16th – 17th centuries. soldier of the special standing army.
28. Box/AND./ -
29. Mouth / A./- lips.
30. Tsar /I./ – autocratic sovereign, monarch.
31 . Dishes /A./- food.
Municipal educational institution "Novomichurinskaya secondary comprehensive school No. 2"
Lesson topic
“Outdated words: archaisms, historicisms”
Prepared
teacher primary classes
first qualification category
Kirichenko Galina Pavlovna
Russian language" href="/text/category/russkij_yazik/" rel="bookmark">Russian language, to Russian fairy tales.
Educational literature:
· Textbook “Russian language”, 2nd grade, author. , "Ventana-Graf", 2008, p.82
Methodological literature:
· , “Russian language: Comments on lessons: 2nd grade” - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2005. - p.325
· Aleksandrova tournament on fairy tales with elements of outdoor games./ Primary School No. 2 2011
· Emelina to introduce younger schoolchildren to historicisms and archaisms. /Elementary school No. 1 2003
· Dance of small discoveries./Primary school No. 2, 2009.
· Chernogrudova’s study of the skills of understanding proverbs by junior school graduates./Primary school No. 2, 2011.
· Yakovlev approach to teaching native language in elementary school./ Elementary school No. 1g.
· Ozhegov of the Russian language: Ok. 53,000 words / ; Under general ed. prof. . – 24th ed., rev. – M.: Publishing house “World and Education”, 200 p.
· Internet resources.
Equipment:
· Computer, media projector.
· Cards with tasks.
During the classes
Organization of the educational process (Slide 1-3).
Teacher's word.
Very often behind events
And behind the bustle of days
We don’t remember our antiquity,
We forget about her.
And at least more familiar
We're flying to the moon,
Let us remember the forgotten words,
Let's remember our old days.
Guys, what a beautiful morning it is today! I am glad to welcome you to the Russian language lesson. Let's give each other a good mood.
II. Target setting.
I know, guys, that you are real smart people and smart people, kind and inquisitive, loving your native word, and therefore I am sure that today our lesson will be informative, exciting and kind.
III Updating knowledge, introduction to the problem.
Guys, today we will do amazing trip in the old days to where Pushkin's fairy tales live. Now we will be transported to the beautiful ancient city of the glorious Tsar Saltan and listen to an excerpt from a fairy tale, when, in the absence of the Tsar, the insidious boyars decide to destroy his young wife (Slide Listen. Will everything be clear to us? (The phonogram of the recording of the fairy tale sounds ) .
Are all the words familiar to you? (Slide 8-9).
What strange words did you hear? (Messenger, boyars)
Why don't we understand these words? (They use words in their speech whose meaning we do not know).
Why don't we use these words in speech? (These words are outdated).
There are many more such incomprehensible words.
Do you think there is a boyar living in our village?
Do modern soldiers wear chain mail?
Do you have a garment that you call a caftan?
So why did these words disappear? Chain mail, boyar, messenger, caftan - how can you find out the meaning of these words? (Look into explanatory dictionaries and get acquainted with their meaning). Let's open the explanatory dictionary and read the meaning of the word messenger (Slide 10).
In the old days, a messenger was a person sent somewhere with urgent news.
Now, guys, open your textbooks on page 83, exercise 1 and read the interpretation of unclear words. (Reading is accompanied by a display of illustrations, slides 10-14).
So why are these words outdated? (these items disappeared). Write down the interpretation of any word in your notebook (Slide 14).
IV. Setting the topic and purpose of the lesson.
How do we call such words that are outdated? (Outdated) Yes, guys, people's lives are constantly changing. Over time, certain objects and phenomena disappear from everyday life. And the words that they meant are gradually forgotten and become obsolete. So, words that have ceased to be used in modern language are called obsolete (ancient, old).
Maybe someone guessed what the topic of our lesson will be?
So, the topic of our lesson is “Outdated words” (Slide 15).
What goal will we set for today's lesson? (Slide16)
The purpose of our lesson is to get acquainted with some outdated words.
In the lesson today we will talk about words that are forgotten, seem incomprehensible to you, funny, ringing, but which so attract and fascinate you.
To achieve this goal, what tasks will we set for ourselves?
(Learn to understand the meaning of outdated words, correctly explain their meaning, select synonyms for them and competently, skillfully use dictionaries.)
Today in the lesson we will open an old grandmother’s chest, which contains many outdated words. (Slide 17)
V. Construction of a project for getting out of a difficulty.
Each word has its own life, its own destiny. Words, like people, are born, live and pass away, and become obsolete.
In our modern speech, obsolete words are very rare.
1. Where can we meet them more often? (in poems, songs, fairy tales, proverbs, epics). Why do we need to know the meaning of these words? (We need to know their meaning in order to understand them.)
How to find out the meaning of outdated words?
The meaning of obsolete words is determined from a dictionary or from the text. For this purpose, scientists are creating dictionaries in which all words that exist before our time are interpreted. An attempt to collect all the words of the Russian language was made by Vladimir Ivanovich Dal. His Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language contains more than 200 thousand words! Dahl worked on it for over 47 years! Take a look at the exhibition of dictionaries (Slide 18). They will help you speak modern Russian correctly. And language is a heritage, our wealth, which we must protect.
In literary reading lessons, we have already encountered some outdated words and created special dictionaries where we entered their interpretation (Slide 19).
And now, guys, we will learn to interpret outdated words from good fairy tales.
While still lying in the cradle, you hear your mother’s gentle voice: “The wind is blowing across the sea and urging the boat on…”. Having barely learned to put words together, you open Pushkin’s fairy tales and read: “There is a green oak near the Lukomorye...”. The beauty of Pushkin’s words will accompany you throughout your adult life, because in these bright, kind fairy tales, like dreams, not just words are poured in, words are diamonds, bright, sparkling, unique. (Slide 20)
Pushkin were written in the 19th century. Many words in this tale are outdated, they either do not exist in modern Russian, or they have been replaced by others. Each group worked on excerpts from this fairy tale, looked for outdated words in them and tried to explain their meaning. Today the guys will tell us what interesting words they came across. Your task: check the meaning of outdated words in the explanatory dictionary and create a new page of our dictionary. On your desks there are envelopes containing words and their interpretation.
We will once again remember excerpts from fairy tales and open grandma’s chest.
When answering, we will use the following reminder:
3. We turned to the explanatory dictionary and found out the meaning of the following words... (Slide 21)
2. So, group 1. “The Tale of Tsar Saltan.” (Slide 22-23).
1) Mother and son go to the city.
They just stepped outside the fence.
Deafening ringing
Rose from all sides:
2) People are pouring towards them (Slide
The church choir praises God;
In golden carts
A lush courtyard greets them.
In these passages we found obsolete words: rattle, lush yard and hail. (Slide27)
3) Open the chest - find the interpretation of the words in the envelope and paste it into our dictionaries. (Slide 26)
4) Grad – that’s what the city was called in the old days. (Slide27)
5) Kolymaga - that’s what a large old carriage was called in the old days. (Slide 27)
6) Do you know what the expression lush yard meant? Court - courtiers, people closest to the king or prince.
The king burst into tears,
He hugs the queen
And son, and young woman,
And everyone sits down at the table,
And the merry feast began.
In this passage we came across the word feast. Open the chest, create a dictionary page of obsolete words using required material…
Feast - in the old days, a large dinner party, a treat. Now we do not use this word. How can you call the words feast, dinner, treat? (synonyms)
So, we see another reason for the disappearance of outdated words. They are replaced by other words - synonyms.
2nd group. Fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish” (Slide 28).
The old man returned to the old woman.
His old woman is standing on the porch
Brocade kitty on the crown.
In this passage we came across the following words: terem, soul-greyka, makovka, kichka. The words dushegreika, terem, makovka, kichka were used in the old days.
(Slide 29)
3) Terem in ancient Rus' called a house in the form of a tower. A shower warmer is a women's warm jacket without sleeves. (Slide
4) Poppy - the top of the head.
5) Kichka - a festive headdress in the old days.
4. 3rd group. Fairy tale "About the Golden Cockerel". (Slide 23)
1) Nowhere, in far away kingdom,
In the thirtieth state,
Once upon a time there lived a glorious king Dadon.
1) In this passage we came across the following expressions: in the distant past kingdom, in thirtieth state.
2) Open the chest - create a page of the dictionary of outdated words, using the necessary material. (Slide 25))
The textbook will help you explain the interpretation of these expressions. Open the textbook with. 86.
IN far away kingdom, in thirtieth state - it means "very far away"
In the ancient counting, thirty-nine meant the number 27, and the word thirty can be translated as “thirtieth.” (Slide 26)
4) So that the ends of your possessions (Slide 24)
Protect from attacks
He should have contained
Numerous army.
1) In this passage we came across the word army.
2) Open the chest, continue to create a page of the dictionary of outdated words, using the necessary material (slide 27).
VI. Examination homework. Research work (Slide 27).
Guys, we have seen how outdated words live in works of art, but live oral speech Have you ever encountered such words? Are outdated words used in your family's speech?
What interesting words have you heard? Surely you have heard words from the speech of your grandparents, the meaning of which interested you, and you had to ask about the meaning of these words.
Our goal is to see and determine the life of outdated words in living, oral speech.
Let's look again into grandma's secret chest. Please guys, you have the floor.
Grandma often says: “The friends came to poop” (that is, friends to talk). Sip some cabbage soup. In the old days, it turns out, the thickness of cabbage soup was checked with a bast shoe. And the thicker the cabbage soup, the richer the family was. Grandmother uses the expression “Trishkin caftan” - this means ill-fitting clothes.”
Teacher's word:
The outdated words interested you and your parents so much that you decided to conduct research work« Words from grandma's chest" Parents dug in and helped their children create a one-word family encyclopedia. Now the guys will present their works to you (Slide 28).
This is great, guys! It’s wonderful that these words live on. They shine like bright stars in the night sky, like beads made of bright beads, small pearls. These grandma's beads are unfashionable. But they burn like bright beads, shimmering and ringing, warming our soul. Try to listen to this ringing of bygone words, and they will tell you a lot about the life of our great-grandfathers: how they lived, what they ate, what they dressed in, what they were happy about...
From the pages of your works we will create an educational and fascinating encyclopedia of outdated words, “Words from Grandma’s Chest,” the authors of which are you guys.
VII. Phys. minute “Lapti” (Slide 29)
VIII. Awareness and comprehension. Work in groups.
1.) Group 1 works with proverbs in the textbook p. 86. Exercise 2. As a group, choose a proverb that you would like to write down. Write it down.
Every Eremey understands the matter (understand).
2) Groups 2 and 3 will try to remember all the words and their meanings.
Task – connect with arrows the obsolete and modern word. Write the words in pairs in your notebook. Check on the board (Slide 32-33).
2nd group. 3 group
hail crown eyes lips
crown cradle mouth eyes
hut city army carriage
shaky house feast forehead
soul warmer finger rattling army
finger jacket brow treat
3)Working with text.
Now let's talk a little about the role of outdated words. Let's remember why we need them?
I will read you an excerpt from The Tale of the Fisherman and the Little Fish, first with the outdated words and then without them. Listen and think about how the text has changed (Slide 34-35).
Option 1
The old man returned to the old woman.
What does he see? High tower.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable jacket,
Brocade kitty on the crown.
Option 2.
The old man returned to the old woman.
What does he see? Tall house.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable warm jacket,
Brocade headdress on top.
So how did the text change?
1 excerpt from the fairy tale sounded more interesting. I would say he is more sublime. In the second passage, the original beauty of the text was lost.
What role do outdated words play here?
They take us back to antiquity, naming things and objects that existed before.
Is it possible to replace outdated words? Throw it out of the text?
I believe that when replacing outdated words with synonyms, the meaning changes and the beauty of the work is lost. You can replace outdated words, but only for yourself.
A. Markov. Come back. (Slide 37)
Come back, dear cheeks,
Cheeks do not replace you!
And an eye. What is open to the world.
Not the same as the eye!..
I'm calling. But maybe in vain -
They are like a silenced chant,
Like stars that have long gone out,
Warming the earth forever.
Why does the poet “yearn” for words that have left the language? (Many of them were beautiful and sounded solemn).
Why can't the word cheeks replace cheeks? It seems to me that very beautiful, rosy cheeks, for example, women’s, were called lanits. Lanits is a lofty, poetic word.
How do you understand the line “And the eye. … Isn’t it the same as an eye?”
Everyone has eyes. This is a common word. And the word eyes means delightful, mysterious.
Outdated words sound very expressive, you want to admire them. Author
the poem respects the past and bows before it.
IX. Reflection.(Slide 37)
Well done boys! What new did you learn today? Who is happy with their job?
Yes, guys, what wonderful words we met today. These words live in your families. And they should not gather dust in dictionaries and disappear from our speech. Let them live in your soul as a bright star, warm sun, and a gentle, kind song. Take care of your grandmother’s chest like a treasury, a precious storehouse of the beauty of Russian speech. I wish you to look into your grandmother’s chest as often as possible and save it for your children and grandchildren. After all, it contains precious, dear, Russian, old words that we need.
And now, guys, I’ll give you each a bright yellow star. Let her remind you of magic words in grandma’s chest, which will forever burn, shine, and delight us like these unquenchable stars.
Homework. (Slide 38)
Find in Russian folk tales outdated words and write them down in a dictionary.
Application.
1) Mother and son go to the city.
They just stepped outside the fence.
Deafening ringing
Rose from all sides:
2) People are pouring towards them
The church choir praises God;
In golden carts
A lush courtyard greets them.
3) The king burst into tears,
He hugs the queen
And son, and young woman,
And everyone sits down at the table,
And the merry feast began.
The old man returned to the old woman.
What does he see? High tower.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable jacket.
Brocade kitty on the crown.
Nowhere, in the distant kingdom,
In the thirtieth state,
Once upon a time there lived a glorious king Dadon.
So that the ends of your possessions
Protect from attacks
He should have contained
Numerous army.
Application.
Memo No. 1.
1.We worked with an excerpt from a fairy tale...
2. In this passage we came across outdated words...
3. We turned to the explanatory dictionary and found out the meaning of the following words...
Application.
Cards for creating a dictionary page of obsolete words.
Grad – that’s what the city was called in the old days.
Kolymaga - that’s what a large old carriage was called in the old days.
Feast - in the old days, a large dinner party, a treat.
In ancient Rus' they called the tower tall house in the form of a tower.
A shower warmer is a women's warm jacket without sleeves.
Poppy - top of the head.
Kichka - in the old days, a festive headdress for a married woman.
IN far away kingdom, in thirtieth state - it means "very far away".
In the ancient counting, thirty-nine meant the number 27, and the word thirtieth can be translated as “thirtieth.”
Rat - that's what they called in the old days armed forces states, army.
Application.
Memo No. 2.
1.I became acquainted with an outdated word...
2.B explanatory dictionary Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, I found out the meaning of the word...
Lapti is...
3. Unraveling the secrets of this word, I learned its original meaning in the etymological dictionary...
4. This word has synonyms...
5. This word has words - relatives...
6. This word is found in fairy tales..., lives in proverbs..., sayings.
7. It was interesting for me to find out that...
8. I discovered something new for myself when I learned that...
Application.
1 group. Working with proverbs in the textbook p. 86. exercise 2. As a group, choose a proverb that you would like to write down. Write it down.
Find outdated words and underline them. How do you understand the meaning of this proverb? Try replacing outdated words with synonyms. Read what you got.
The task is to connect the outdated and modern words with arrows. (Check on the board).
hail crown
crown cradle
hut city
shaky house
soul warmer finger
finger jacket
The task is to connect the outdated and modern words with arrows. (Check on the board.)
mouth eyes
army carriage
rattling army
In Russian there is a large number of syntactic structures, but their scope is the same - the transmission of written or oral speech. They sound in ordinary colloquial, business, and scientific language; they are used in poetry and prose. These can be both simple and complex syntactic constructions, the main purpose of which is to correctly convey the idea and meaning of what was said.
Many writers prefer to present the narrative of their works using simple and short sentences. These include Chekhov (“brevity is the sister of talent”), Babel, O. Henry and others. But there are authors who use sentences with complex syntactic construction in order not only to more fully convey the description, but also the emotions that it evokes. They became most widespread among authors such as Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Nabokov and others.
A complex syntactic structure is a sentence in which there are different types syntactic connections. They can combine:
In order to correctly compose complex syntactic structures, you should know exactly how their parts are interconnected. The placement of punctuation marks also depends on this.
In the Russian language, a complex syntactic structure can consist of parts united by one of 3 types of connections - coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive, or all at the same time. Syntactic structures with a coordinating conjunction type combine two or more equal sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction.
It would be possible to put a dot between them or swap them, since each of them is independent, but together in meaning they form a single whole, for example:
May be one of the connecting components in complex sentences. There are known examples of its combination with a non-union connection.
A complex syntactic construction often combines a coordinating connection with a non-conjunctive connection. This is the name for parts of which are connected to each other solely by intonation, for example:
“The girl quickened her pace (1): the train, puffing, approached the station (2), and the whistle of the locomotive confirmed this (3).”
There is a non-union connection between the 1st and 2nd parts of the construction, and the second and third sentences are united by a coordinating connection, they are completely equal, and you can put a full stop between them.
In this example there is a combination of coordinating and non-conjunctive connections, united by a single lexical meaning.
Sentences in which one part is the main part and the other dependent are called complex sentences. At the same time, you can always pose a question from the first to the second, regardless of where it is located, for example:
Combined into one whole, coordinating and subordinating connections form complex syntactic constructions. Let's look at examples of proposals below.
“I realized (1) that new challenges awaited me (2), and this realization gave me strength (3).”
The first part is the main one in relation to the second, since they are connected subordinating connection. The third is attached to them by a coordinating connection using the conjunction and.
“The boy was ready to cry (1), and tears were already filling his eyes (2), when the door opened (3) so that he could follow his mother (4).”
The first and second sentences are connected by a coordinating connection using the conjunction “and”. The second, third and fourth parts of the structure are connected by subordination.
In complex syntactic constructions, the sentences of which they are composed can be complicated. Let's look at an example.
“The wind rose, growing stronger with each gust (1), and people hid their faces in their collars (2) when a new squall overtook them (3).”
The first part is complicated by the participial phrase.
In the Russian language you can often find non-conjunctive sentences combined with a subordinating type of connection. Such designs may have 3 or more parts, some of which are main for some and dependent for others. Parts without conjunctions are attached to them using intonation. This is a so-called complex syntactic construction (examples below) with a subordinating-union connection:
“In moments of particular fatigue, I had a strange feeling (1) - I was doing something (2) that I had absolutely no soul for (3).”
In this example, the 1st and 2nd parts are connected by a common meaning and intonation, while the 2nd (main) and 3rd (dependent) are a complex sentence.
“When it snowed outside (1), my mother wrapped me in numerous scarves (2), because of this I could not move normally (3), which made it extremely difficult to play snowballs with other children (4).”
In this sentence, the 2nd part is the main one in relation to the 1st, but at the same time it is connected with the 3rd intonation. In turn, the third sentence is the main one in relation to the fourth and is a complex construction.
In one complex syntactic structure, some parts can be connected without a conjunction, but at the same time be part of a complex sentence.
A complex syntactic construction in which everything is used at the same time is rare. Similar sentences are used in literary texts when the author wants to convey events and actions as accurately as possible in one phrase, for example:
“The whole sea was covered with waves (1), which became larger as they approached the shore (2), they crashed with noise against a solid barrier (3), and with a dissatisfied hiss, the water retreated (4) to return and hit with renewed force ( 5)".
In this example, the 1st and 2nd parts are connected by a subordinate connection. The second and third are non-union, between the 3rd and 4th there is a coordinating connection, and the fourth and fifth are again subordinate. Such complex syntactic constructions can be divided into several sentences, but when they form a single whole, they carry additional emotional overtones.
In complex syntactic constructions they are placed on the same basis as in complex, complex and non-union proposals, For example:
If you combine these sentences into one, you get a complex syntactic construction (grade 9, syntax):
"When the sky in the east began to turn gray, a rooster was heard crowing (1), a light haze lay in the valley, and the air trembled over the grass (2), when the disk of the sun rose above the horizon, as if the whole world was filled with sounds - birds, insects and animals welcomed the new day (3)".
To spend with different types communication, you need:
This way you can disassemble a structure with any number of connections and blocks.
Similar designs are used in colloquial speech, as well as in journalism and fiction. They convey the author’s feelings and emotions to a greater extent than those written separately. A great master who used complex syntactic structures was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
