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The rapidly developing region occupies 30% of the entire earth's land, which is 43 million km². Extends from Pacific Ocean before Mediterranean Sea, from the tropics to the North Pole. He has a very interesting story, rich past and unique traditions. More than half (60%) of the total population lives here globe– 4 billion people! You can see what Asia looks like on the world map below.
Asia world map:
Political map of foreign Asia:
Physical map of Asia:
Countries and capitals of Asia:
A map of Asia with countries gives a clear idea of their location. The list below is the capitals of Asian countries:
In addition, there are partially recognized countries, for example, Taiwan, which separated from China with its capital Taipei.
The name is of Assyrian origin and means “sunrise” or “east”, which is not surprising. Part of the world is distinguished by rich relief, mountains and peaks, including the highest peak in the world - Everest (Chomolungma), which is part of the Himalaya mountain system. All natural areas and landscapes are represented here; on its territory there is the deepest lake in the world -. Foreign Asian countries in last years confidently lead in the number of tourists. Mysterious and incomprehensible to Europeans traditions, religious buildings, interweaving ancient culture With the latest technologies attract curious travelers. It is impossible to list all the iconic sights of this region; we can only try to highlight the most famous ones.
Romantic monument, symbol eternal love and the magnificent structure that makes people stand in awe - the Taj Mahal Palace, listed as one of the seven new wonders of the world. The mosque was erected by Tamerlane's descendant Shah Jahan in memory of deceased wife, who died in childbirth while giving birth to her 14th child. Taj Mahal recognized the best example Great Mughal, which includes Arabic, Persian and Indian architectural styles. The walls of the structure are lined with translucent marble and inlaid with gems. Depending on the lighting, the stone changes color, becoming pink at dawn, silver at dusk, and dazzling white at noon.
This is a significant place for Buddhists who profess Shintaism. The height of Fuji is 3776 m; in fact, it is a sleeping volcano that should not wake up in the coming decades. It is recognized as the most beautiful in the world. There are tourist routes up the mountain that operate only in summer, since most of Fuji is covered with eternal snow. The mountain itself and the “Five Fuji Lakes” area around it are included in the territory National Park Fuji-Hakone-Izu.
Largest architectural ensemble the world stretches across Northern China for 8860 km (including branches). Construction of the Wall took place in the 3rd century BC. and had the goal of protecting the country from the Xiongnu conquerors. The construction project dragged on for a decade, about a million Chinese worked on it and thousands died from exhausting labor in inhumane conditions. All this served as a reason for the uprising and overthrow of the Qin dynasty. The wall fits extremely organically into the landscape; it follows all the curves of the spurs and depressions, encircling the mountain range.
Among the rice plantations of the island rises an ancient giant structure in the form of a pyramid - the largest and most revered Buddhist temple in the world, 34 m high. There are steps and terraces that encircle it leading up. From the point of view of Buddhism, Borobodur is nothing more than a model of the Universe. Its 8 tiers mark 8 steps to enlightenment: the first is the world of sensual pleasures, the next three are the world of yogic trance that has risen above base lust. Rising higher, the soul is cleansed of all vanity and gains immortality in the heavenly sphere. The top step personifies nirvana - a state of eternal bliss and peace.
The Buddhist shrine is located on Mount Chaittiyo (Mon State). You can loosen it with your hands, but no forces can throw it off its pedestal; in 2500 years the elements have not brought down the stone. In fact, it is a granite block covered with gold leaf, and its top is crowned by a Buddhist temple. The mystery has still not been solved - who dragged him up the mountain, how, for what purpose and how he has been balancing on the edge for centuries. Buddhists themselves claim that the stone is held on the rock by the hair of Buddha, walled up in the temple.
Asia is a fertile land for creating new routes, learning about yourself and your purpose. You need to come here meaningfully, tuning into thoughtful contemplation. Perhaps you will discover a new side of yourself and find answers to many questions. When visiting Asian countries, you can create a list of attractions and shrines yourself.
These are, of course, the capitals of Asia. And at the same time, there are extremely poor regions here. This is the side of contrasts, where luxury and poverty coexist, huge cities and small villages, ancient historical monuments and modern megacities, highest mountains and deepest depressions.
Asia is recognized as the largest part of the world. Its territory is so large that it occupies climatic zones from north to south from the Arctic to the equatorial, from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, from east to west - from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic seas, that is, Asia touches all the oceans of the Earth.
From a geographic point of view, Asia is also interesting because about two-thirds of its territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus. The uniqueness of this part of the world also lies in the extraordinary diversity of its fauna: polar bears and pandas, seals and elephants, Borneo, snow leopards and Gobi cats, loons and peacocks. The geography of Asia is unique, as are the peoples living on its territory. The countries and capitals of Asia are multinational and multicultural.
The list of Asian countries varies depending on the criteria by which the classification is carried out. Thus, Georgia and Azerbaijan belong either to Europe or to Asia, which is associated with different options borders between two parts of Eurasia. Russia is both a European country and an Asian country, since the bulk of the population lives in the European part, and most of the territory is located in the Asian part. The discussion lists of which are given in the table are located on the border of the two cardinal directions.
On the territory of Asia there are countries that are partially recognized (North Ossetia, the Republic of China, Palestine, Abkhazia and others) or unrecognized (Shan State, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Waziristan), there are territories dependent on other states (Coconut Christmas, Hong Kong, Macau and others).
There are 57 states in Asia, of which 3–6 are partially recognized. A generalized list of countries with different statuses is given in the table below, where the capitals are listed in alphabetical order.
| Date of foundation | Asian countries | |
| Abu Dhabi | 18th century AD | United Arab Emirates |
| Amman | 13th century BC. | Jordan |
| Ankara | 5th century BC. | Türkiye |
| Astana | 19th century AD | Kazakhstan |
| Ashgabat | 19th century AD | Turkmenistan |
| Baghdad | 8th century AD | Iraq |
| Baku | 5-6th century AD | Azerbaijan |
| Bangkok | 14th century AD | Thailand |
| Bandar Seri Begawan | 7th century AD | Brunei |
| Beirut | 15th century BC. | Lebanon |
| Bishkek | 18th century AD | Kyrgyzstan |
| Vana | 19th century AD | Waziristan (unrecognized) |
| Vientiane | 9th century AD | Laos |
| Dhaka | 7th century AD | Bangladesh |
| Damascus | 15th century BC. | Syria |
| Jakarta | 4th century AD | Indonesia |
| Dili | 18th century AD | East Timor |
| Doha | 19th century AD | Qatar |
| Dushanbe | 17th century AD | Tajikistan |
| Yerevan | 7th century BC. | Armenia |
| Jerusalem | 4 thousand BC | Israel |
| Islamabad | 20th century AD | Pakistan |
| Kabul | 1st century BC. | Afghanistan |
| Kathmandu | 1st century AD | Nepal |
| Kuala Lumpur | 18th century AD | Malaysia |
| Lefkosa | 11th century BC. | (partially recognized) |
| Male | 12th century AD | Maldives |
| Manama | 14th century AD | Bahrain |
| Manila | 14th century AD | Philippines |
| Muscat | 1st century AD | Oman |
| Moscow | 12th century AD | Russian Federation |
| Muzaffarabad | 17th century AD | Azad Kashmir (partially recognized) |
| Naypyitaw | 21st century AD | Myanmar |
| Nicosia | 4 thousand BC | Cyprus |
| New Delhi | 3rd century BC. | India |
| Beijing | 4th century BC. | People's Republic of China |
| Phnom Penh | 14th century AD | Cambodia |
| Pyongyang | 1st century AD | Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| Ramallah | 16th century AD | Palestine (partially recognized) |
| Sana | 2nd century AD | Yemen |
| Seoul | 1st century BC. | Korea |
| Singapore | 19th century AD | Singapore |
| Stepanakert | 5th century AD | Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (unrecognized) |
| Sukhum | 7th century BC. | Abkhazia (partially recognized) |
| Taipei | 18th century AD | Republic of China (partially recognized) |
| Taungdi | 18th century AD | Shan (unrecognized) |
| Tashkent | 2nd century BC. | Uzbekistan |
| Tbilisi | 5th century AD | Georgia |
| Tehran | 12th century AD | Iran |
| Tokyo | 12th century AD | Japan |
| Thimphu | 13th century AD | Butane |
| Ulaanbaatar | 17th century AD | Mongolia |
| Hanoi | 10th century AD | Vietnam |
| Tskhinvali | 14th century AD | South Ossetia (partially recognized) |
| Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | 13th century AD | Sri Lanka |
| Kuwait City | 18th century AD | Kuwait |
| Riyadh | 4-5 c. AD | Saudi Arabia |
Asia is the side of the world where ancient civilizations actively developed. And the territory of Southeast Asia is presumably the ancestral home ancient man. Ancient documents testify to the prosperity of some cities even several millennia BC. Thus, the city was founded approximately in the 8th millennium BC, and it was never empty.
The city of Byblos on the Lebanese shore of the Mediterranean Sea dates back to the 4th millennium BC. Asia is not called mysterious for nothing: many capitals of Asia keep ancient history and exceptional culture.
Asia is not only about exceptional ancient civilizations. These are also leading modern industrial centers.
The most developed and largest cities and capitals of Asia, the list of which is given below, are important points in the global financial industry. These are Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Moscow, Tokyo, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangkok, Abu Dhabi, Istanbul, Riyadh and some others. All these Largest cities Asia is a city with a population of many millions.
10th place - Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a sub-provincial city in Guangdong Province in the south of the People's Republic of China, bordering Hong Kong. Thanks to large-scale foreign and government investments, in a fairly short period of time the city has become a major industrial, financial and transport center of the economic region of the Pearl River Delta and the entire country as a whole. Today, Shenzhen is one of the most dynamically developing cities in China, the fourth most competitive city in the country, the largest among Chinese cities in terms of export volume, and serves as a gateway to attract investment, new technologies and business culture.
9th place - Mumbai
Mumbai is one of the country's largest economic centers. About 10% of all the country's workers work in this city. The city provides 33% of income tax revenues and 60% of all customs duties. Mumbai accounts for 40% of India's total foreign trade. Compared to other Indian cities, Mumbai is comparatively different high level life and high business activity. Employment opportunities attract labor to the city from all over South Asia, apart from India itself. Mumbai is one of the most important economic and cultural centers in India; is a city of great contrasts, where luxury and wealth coexist with poverty. Modern neighborhoods are adjacent to slums - the northern areas of the city, which are considered breeding grounds for various diseases.
8th place - Guangzhou
Guangzhou is one of China's 24 historical cities, with more than 2,000 years of history. For many centuries, the maritime Silk Road began from Guangzhou. In the 2nd century BC. e. The city was called "Pan Yu" and was the capital of the Chinese-Vietnamese state of Nam Viet. Today the city is the largest tourist, industrial, financial and transport center in China. After Guangzhou was declared “open,” two economic and technological “development zones” were formed in it. The Guangzhou-Nansha zone is built up with manufacturing enterprises, the free trade zone is a concentration of trade and customs organizations.
7th place - Tokyo
Although the Tokyo area was inhabited by tribes back in the Stone Age, the city began to play an active role in history relatively recently. In the 12th century, local Edo warrior Taro Shigenada built a fort here. According to tradition, he received the name Edo from his place of residence. In 1457, Ota Dokan, ruler of the Kanto region under the Japanese shogunate, built Edo Castle. Today Tokyo is the capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural, industrial and political center. Largest urban economy in the world. Tokyo is considered large international center. However, the number of foreigners working and living in the metropolis is low, accounting for only about 3% of all city residents.
6th place - Istanbul
Tambul is the largest city in Turkey, the main commercial, industrial and cultural center, and the main port of the country. Located on the banks of the Bosphorus Strait, dividing it into European (main) and Asian parts, connected by bridges and a metro tunnel - this is the only transcontinental city on the planet. It is the first city in Europe in terms of population (taking into account the population living in both the European and Asian parts). Former capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin and Ottoman Empires. During its history, the city was the residence of 10 Roman, 82 Byzantine emperors and 30 Ottoman sultans. Currently, every fifth resident of Turkey lives in Istanbul.
5th place - Delhi
Delhi - “the capital of seven empires” in Indian history. According to the Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi is home to 60,000 monuments of world significance dating back several millennia. Today, no other million-dollar city in India is as closely associated with political and administrative functions as Delhi. Here are the residence of the President, central ministries, headquarters of leading political parties, editorial offices of numerous newspapers, diplomatic missions of 160 states. Delhi is a cosmopolitan city with many different ethnic groups and cultures. Due to its importance as the political and economic center of North India, the city attracts industrial workers and office workers from all over India, supporting the cultural diversity of the city. Due to the capital's functions and the activities of numerous foreign companies, Delhi also has a significant number of citizens of other countries living in it.
4th place - Dhaka
The origin of settlement in the territory now occupied by Dhaka dates back to the 7th century. The area of the city was under the rule of the Buddhist Kamarupa kingdom and the Pala Empire before coming under the control of the Hindu Sena dynasty in the 9th century. Today, the diverse and colorful capital is a real “cauldron of nations”, where all the customs and traditions of the peoples who inhabit this country are amazingly mixed. The vast majority of the population speaks Bengali; Due to the presence of migrants from all over Bangladesh, the Bengali language here has large regional variations, including Sylheti and Chittagong dialects. English is widely used in business, and there is a fairly large diaspora that speaks Urdu. According to the magazine Far Eastern Economic Review, by 2025 the city's population could reach 25 million people.
3rd place - Beijing
Beijing is the political, educational and cultural center of the PRC, while Shanghai and Hong Kong are considered the main economic centers. At the same time, in Lately is increasingly taking on the role of a locomotive entrepreneurial activity and the main field for creating innovative enterprises. It is one of the four ancient capitals of China. In 2008, the city hosted Summer Olympic Games. The city will host the Winter Olympic Games in 2022. Beijing is home to a significant number of foreigners, mainly businessmen, representatives of foreign companies and students. Most foreigners settle in the densely populated northern, northeastern and eastern areas of the city. Recent years have seen a large influx of South Korean citizens, who already constitute the largest foreign diaspora in China.
2nd place - Karachi
This is the main financial, banking, industrial and shopping mall Pakistan. The country's largest corporations are located here, and the textile and automotive industries are developed. After Pakistan's independence, the city's population exploded as hundreds of thousands of Urdu-speaking migrants from India, East Pakistan and other parts of South Asia moved into Karachi. After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, thousands of Bengalis migrated to the city from East Pakistan (after December 1971 - the independent state of Bangladesh), and today up to 2 million people from Bangladesh, called Biharis in Pakistan, live in Karachi. Other significant ethnic minorities in Karachi include the Baloch (mainly in the western areas of the city) and the Sindhis (in the eastern areas). The Armenian and Jewish communities, which were very large and influential during the colonial period, have now been reduced to a few dozen people.
1st place - Shanghai
Shanghai Shanghai is the financial and commercial center of China, the largest and most developed city in mainland China. Historically, Shanghai was very Westernized, and now it is increasingly taking on the role of the main center of communication between China and the West. One example of this is the opening of an information center for the exchange of medical knowledge between Western and Chinese health institutions Pac-Med Medical Exchange. Residents of other regions of China describe Shanghainese as mercantile, self-confident and arrogant people who look down on provincials. At the same time, the Shanghainese are admired for their meticulous attention to detail, conscientious execution of agreements and professionalism. Many Chinese people have the belief that Shanghainese men are usually “under the thumb” of their wives. There is some truth in these words: Shanghai husbands often simultaneously serve as breadwinners, fathers, cooks, plumbers, carpenters, etc.
Asia got its name thanks to ancient greek mythology. Once upon a time, Asia (Asia) was the daughter of the titan god Oceanid, who became the wife of Prometheus. The ancient Greeks borrowed the word “Asia” from the Assyrians, who called it the place where the Sun rises. Therefore, the Greeks began to call the territory that lies east of Greece Asia.
In modern Asia, states are at different levels of development. If Bangladesh and Afghanistan are firmly stuck in the Middle Ages, then South Korea, Singapore, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan are developed economies.
Asia is the largest continent on Earth. Her total area is more than 43.4 million square meters. km (this is 30% of the Earth's territory). Asia is considered part of the Eurasian Peninsula.
In the west, the border of Asia runs along the Ural Mountains. In the north, Asia is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the east by the Pacific Ocean (East China, Bering, Okhotsk, South China, Japan and Yellow sea), and in the south - by waters Indian Ocean(Arabian Sea).
In addition, the shores of Asia are also washed by the waters of the Red and Mediterranean Seas.
Since Asia occupies a huge territory, it is clear that the climate on this continent is very diverse. In Western and Eastern Siberia The climate is continental, in Central and Central Asia- desert and semi-desert, in East, South, and Southeast Asia - monsoon (monsoon season - June-October), in some regions equatorial, and in the far north - arctic.
Among the Asian rivers, one should, of course, name the Yangtze (6300 km), Yellow River (5464 km), Ob (5410 km), Mekong (4500 km), Amur (4440 km), Lena (4400) and Yenisei (4092 km ).
The five largest lakes in Asia include the following: Aral Sea, Baikal, Balkhash, Tonle Sap and Issyk-Kul.
A significant part of Asia is mountains. It is in Asia that the Himalayas, Pamirs, Hindu Kush, Altai and Sayan Mountains are located. The largest mountain in Asia is Everest (Qomolungma), its height is 8,848 meters.
Numerous deserts await travelers in Asia, among which, perhaps, we should highlight the Gobi, Taklamakan, Karakum and deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. In total, there are more than 20 deserts in Asia.
At the moment, the population of Asia already exceeds 4.3 billion people. This is about 60% of the total population of the Earth. At the same time, the annual population growth in Asia is about 2%.
Almost the entire population of Asia belongs to the Mongoloid race, which, in turn, is divided into small races - North Asian, Arctic, South Asian and Far Eastern. In Iraq, southern Iran and northern India, the Indo-Mediterranean race predominates. In addition, there are many other races in Asia, such as Caucasian and Negroid.
There are 55 states wholly or partially located on the territory of Asia (5 of them are so-called unrecognized republics). The largest Asian country is China (its territory covers 9,596,960 sq. km), and the smallest is the Maldives (300 sq. km).
In terms of population, China (1.39 billion people) is ahead of all countries in the world. Other Asian countries have fewer people: India has 1.1 billion people, Indonesia has 230 million people, and Bangladesh has 134 million people.
The territory of Asia is so large that politicians, journalists or scientists sometimes divide it into the Middle East, Western Asia and Far East. However, geographically it is more correct to divide Asia into 5 regions:
East Asia (China, Japan, South and North Korea and Mongolia);
- Western Asia (Armenia, Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Jordan, Yemen, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Turkey);
- Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, East Timor, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Myanmar);
- South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka);
- Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan).
Asian cities are the most populous in the entire world. The largest of all Asian cities is Bombay (India), whose population is already more than 12.2 million people. Other major cities in Asia are Seoul, Jakarta, Karachi, Manila, Delhi, Shanghai, Tokyo, Beijing and Tehran.
