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With him in the apartment, the heat in the summer is okay, and the dampness in the fall, when it rains coldly, and the heating system is not yet working. After purchasing and installing an air conditioner, the next stage begins: connecting the air conditioner to power.

This work should be carried out according to the diagrams shown, located on the covers of the air conditioner modules. There is also an instruction manual with power and connection requirements.

Connection requirements

The design of a standard climate system includes an outdoor module, which is located outside the window, and an indoor module. Sometimes two indoor or outdoor modules are installed.

Each component of this system performs its own specific tasks. For example, the external module is responsible for condensation, and the internal module ensures the evaporation of water. The modules are interconnected by pipelines and electrical wiring. Freon circulates in the tubes.

The drainage tube is connected to the external module. Condensing moisture is removed through it during system operation. According to the rules, the drainage pipe must be connected to the sewer system of the house.

The retail chain has a wide selection of climate systems that can satisfy the tastes of any customer. But their design, operating principle and connection methods do not differ much from each other.

Connecting an air conditioner to the network in an apartment or house is very different from similar connections at production facilities or offices. Household air conditioners are connected only using a single-phase circuit.

The air conditioning system is also called a split system. In practice, two basic methods are used to connect the air conditioning system:

1. Direct connection to an outlet.
2. Separate cable to the electrical panel.

The first method is suitable for any household appliances, most often they are connected using this method. Any split system is independently connected in several stages. This order must be followed.

The figure shows the connection of the modules. You will also need an electrical diagram of the split system you purchased.

Connecting the air conditioner to the outlet

Before making the electrical connection, you need to lay the cables to the external module from the evaporator:

• Lay the cable connecting the two blocks.
• Run a separate cable to the electrical panel for the high power system. A protection against overcurrent must be installed.
• For a medium power system, the connection is made through a socket.

Connecting the air conditioner to an outlet is used in the following cases:

• The house has an electrical network of the required power.
• Mobile or window air conditioning system.
• Low system power.
• Do not connect other devices to this line.
• For temporary placement.

The internal air conditioner module must be connected to a reinforced socket, installing a circuit breaker near it. It is necessary to take into account that the air conditioner operates in different modes, so its power can significantly decrease and increase, depending on the type of mode. Therefore, the air conditioner power circuit must have separate protection.

The manufacturer includes instructions with the split system kit, which contains:

• Electrical diagram for connecting internal and external unit.
• General scheme connections.
• Diagram of the operating principle.

Similar information is available at inner surface evaporator covers and on the outdoor unit housing. This greatly simplifies connecting the air conditioner at home.

There is a special box under the front panel of the evaporator. It contains terminals for connecting wires. This system module is always installed indoors.

Conductors from the evaporator are connected to the terminals of the external module. In this case, you should be guided by the numbers of terminals and wires. The ends of unused conductors must be carefully insulated. In order to correctly understand the principle of operation and understand everything, you need to be guided by the circuit diagram.

The integrity of the wire core insulation is the key to the safe operation of the entire system. Therefore, before electrical connection It is necessary to inspect the core insulation for damage.

If you cannot understand the operation of a split system, and have never dealt with such connections, then it is better to seek help from specialists rather than try to do this work yourself .

It is not allowed to connect air conditioners to a household network. country house or apartments in the following cases:

• There is no good grounding.
• There is no device to equalize voltage drops.
• Poor condition of electrical wiring.
• Insufficient cable cross-section for the connected load.
• Electrical wiring with aluminum wire, old style.

The split system is a sensitive device. Therefore, it requires a working electrical network to ensure its normal operation. Otherwise, you will waste your money and end up with expensive repairs.

Connecting the air conditioner to the panel

Professionals advise using the safest and most reliable way split system connection: separate cable. This will ensure stable operation of the equipment. An individual line allows the system blocks to be located in any convenient places. When installing a residual current device, protection against current overload of the network will be provided.

Basic requirements for elements of an individual line:

• Organize for the entire individual line.
• must comply with the manufacturer's recommendations.
• The cable must have copper conductors.
• Availability or .

Harnesses electrical cables enclosed in a protective sleeve, then placed in a special plastic box, fixed to the wall surface.

General connection procedure

• Selection the necessary tool and materials.
• Studying the connection diagram.
• Laying cables to connect the outdoor unit to the corresponding terminals of the evaporator.
• Checking the system's functionality.

Selection of socket

A household outlet for an air conditioner must meet certain requirements:

• Mandatory connection to the electrical panel via a circuit breaker.
• Mandatory connection with a wire with copper conductors. If the wires are aluminum, they need to be replaced.
• Full compliance with the requirements and characteristics of the manufacturer in accordance with the instructions for the air conditioning system.
• It is recommended to have a high-quality grounding or a differentiated relay.

Modern Euro electrical sockets are the most suitable for connecting high-power home appliances. In order to maintain the warranty on the split system equipment, it is advisable to connect it to the power supply by a qualified specialist authorized to perform such work. If you connect yourself, the warranty will be void.

When installing an air conditioner that has been removed from another location and does not have a warranty, you can connect it yourself, carefully following all the recommendations.

Wire selection

To ensure quality independent connection air conditioner, it is necessary to use a wire that meets the requirements of the manufacturer. Usually household electrical devices connected with a wire with a cross-section from 1.5 to 2.5 mm 2. In this case, the permissible current can reach 18 A. For a wire length of up to 10 meters, a wire cross-section of 1.5 mm 2 is sufficient; when the length increases, a wire with a larger cross-section is used.

Usage aluminum wire to connect the air conditioning system is prohibited. For a single-phase connection option, a three-wire wire is used, and for a three-phase connection, a five-wire wire is used.

Do not lay the power cable of the air conditioner near heating pipes or gas pipes. The distance between them must be at least one meter.

There are two ways to lay wires for an air conditioner:

1. The wires assembled into bundles are laid in grooves dug into the wall and secured with clamps. Then the grooves with the laid cable are plastered with construction plaster. If it is necessary to repair the wires, the plaster can be easily opened.
2. Electrical wiring is placed in plastic boxes (), which are fixed on the wall surface.

Evaporator connection

The general principle of connecting different blocks of the system is the same, apart from some features.

The order of connecting the remote module (evaporator):

After connecting both units, it is necessary to finally check the correctness of the connection diagram. After a thorough check, a performance test is performed and the air conditioner is connected for a short time.

Errors when connecting a split system can lead to equipment malfunctions and failure of individual elements.

M Microprocessor control of the split system is carried out from a microprocessor control panel, which is usually installed in the indoor unit. The microprocessor allows you to perform the following functions:

storing and reproducing after turning off and then turning on the system all parameters set from the control panel;

compressor start delay for 3...6 minutes after turning off the system;

evaporator temperature control indoor unit in cooling mode. When the evaporator temperature is below -1 °C, frost protection is activated;

antifreeze protection delay, which does not turn on during the first 5 minutes of compressor operation. Anti-freeze protection works as follows - the compressor turns off and the indoor unit fan runs at a constant speed for 5 minutes, after which the protection remains on until the set temperature level is reached;

ensuring automatic duration of switching on and stopping of the compressor: if the compressor operates continuously for more than 1 hour 45 minutes, the compressor will be stopped for 3 minutes, then switched on, and the cycle is repeated; the same thing happens at a room temperature of 26 °C for 1 hour 45 minutes and at a fan speed of “low”, “medium” for 1 hour 45 minutes; in dehumidification mode at a temperature above 23 °C and the thermostat is on, the compressor runs for 8 minutes and stands for 3 minutes; when the thermostat is turned off, the compressor runs for 1 minute and stands for 4 minutes; at a temperature below 23 °C and the thermostat is on, the compressor runs for 2 minutes followed by a stop for 3 minutes; when the thermostat is off, the compressor runs for 1 minute and stops for 4 minutes;

setting the fan speed: in automatic mode, the following fan speeds of the indoor unit are selected: with a temperature difference between the set and room temperatures equal to 2 °C - “high”, with a difference of 1... 2 °C - “medium”, if the difference is less 1 °C - “low”; in heating mode, the rotation speed of the indoor unit fan when the room temperature is lower than 2 °C is “high”, when the room temperature is 1... 2 °C lower than the set temperature - “medium”, when the temperature is 1 °C lower given it becomes “low”; In heating mode, when the evaporator temperature is below 15 °C, the fan of the indoor unit does not turn on. At temperatures up to 18 °C, the fan operates at a “low” speed. When the evaporator temperature reaches 22 °C, the fan starts working at the set speed; in heating mode, with the thermistor turned off, the fan rotation speed is set to the “lowest”. After turning on the thermostat and reaching the evaporator temperature of 22 °C, the rotation speed is set at the specified level.

Z protection by high blood pressure in heating mode, it is carried out according to the readings of the thermistor of the indoor unit. At an indoor unit temperature of 50... 52 °C, the outdoor fan turns off, and at a temperature of 46... 48 °C, it turns on.

When the outdoor fan is turned off, the defrosting mode of the outdoor unit heat exchanger is not activated.

Defrosting of the outdoor unit heat exchanger is controlled by a thermistor installed on the heat exchanger.

Defrosting begins when it reaches following conditions: in heating mode the system worked for 40 minutes; the heat exchanger temperature has reached a value below -3 °C; less than 4 minutes 15 seconds have passed since the high pressure protection was turned off.

Defrosting stops when the thermistor temperature reaches 3.1 °C or if the defrosting duration exceeds 10 minutes.

The four-way valve is set to the desired position 5 seconds before the compressor starts.

The electric motor of the indoor unit fan is equipped with a rotation speed sensor. The signal from the sensor is sent to the microprocessor. Comparing the current frequency with the set one, the microprocessor adjusts the currents so that the frequency approaches the set level smoothly. This reduces the noise level when switching from one mode to another. If the speed feedback signal is not received within 12 s, the fan motor is considered blocked. The fan turns off and turns on again after 3 minutes.

The blind drive is usually equipped with a stepper motor that drives the blinds. The direction of movement, speed and angle of inclination are controlled by a microprocessor depending on the room temperature.

The serviceability of most household air conditioners is monitored by light signals (flashing indicator light). If it does not flash when you press the emergency switch, you need to check the control board. The set of light signals may be different; to identify them, you must use the service instructions, but an approximate list of blinking indicator lights due to certain malfunctions may be as follows:

flashes once - the connections between the indoor and outdoor units are faulty;

flashes twice - thermistor room temperature and the thermistor of the indoor unit;

blinks three times - indoor unit fan motor;

flashes five times - power supply circuit of the outdoor unit;

blinks six times - thermistor of the external unit;

blinks seven times - outdoor unit control board;

flashes ten times - drainage system.

IN modern premises For a long time now, air conditioners have been creating the most comfortable climatic conditions. IN hot weather the temperature drops to the desired value, and in cold weather a warm microclimate is created in the room. Electrical diagram air conditioner is used in various types and models. They are installed on walls, floors and ceilings. Thanks to modern design, air conditioners fit organically into the interior of any room.

Main types of air conditioners

The variety of designs of air conditioning devices allows them to be used in the most different places. For example, models mobile air conditioners don't require installation work. A special block or hose is led from the room to the street to remove warm air.

Very simple installation and further maintenance for monoblock devices. There are no connectors in the freon lines, so its leakage is completely excluded. Such air conditioners are characterized by low noise and have high efficiency, however, have a fairly high cost.

Window air conditioners are installed in wall openings or windows. During operation, they produce a lot of noise, but due to their low price, ease of installation and maintenance, they are widely popular among consumers.

One of the types of air conditioners are split systems. Their design includes an outdoor and indoor unit. The connection of both parts is made using copper pipes. Freon circulates through these pipes. Outdoor unit consists of a compressor, condenser, fan and throttle. The indoor unit has an evaporator and a fan. There are many modifications of split systems available, which allows them to be installed in many places.

General diagram of the air conditioner

Each capacitor contains basic elements that perform specific functions. Inside the outdoor unit there is a condenser that converts the gaseous refrigerant into liquid form. To others important element is a throttle or expansion valve. With its help, the refrigerant pressure decreases as it approaches the evaporator. The evaporator itself is made in the form of a radiator installed in the indoor unit.

During a decrease in pressure, this is where the refrigerant transitions from liquid to gaseous form. With the help of a compressor, the refrigerant is compressed and circulated in a circle. Fans create air flows necessary to blow over the evaporator and condenser. All main elements are connected using copper tubes. As a result, a closed circuit is formed through which the refrigerant circulates.

Air conditioner electrical equipment

All the main elements of air conditioning systems cannot work on their own. All operation is ensured by the electrical circuit of the air conditioner. The general scheme includes several main parts. connection to the indoor unit is carried out using the Terminal terminal block. The block itself has several terminals. N is the electrical neutral, No. 2 supplies power from the control board to the compressor, No. 3 ensures the fan operates at first speed, and No. 4 at second speed. The fifth terminal supplies power to the 4-way valve actuator when entering heating mode.

In the compressor itself there are three terminals: C, R and S, indicating, respectively, the common terminal of the windings, the working winding and the starting winding of the compressor motor for phase shift. In addition, the circuit includes protection against overloads and overheating, as well as terminals for connecting a fan, capacitor, solenoid valve and other elements.

How does an air conditioner work?

What information can be found in the service manual (instructions)
The service manual (instructions) contains information related to maintenance and minor repairs one or another equipment. As a rule, you receive a service manual for your device when you purchase it. In addition, today there are many Internet resources that provide instructions for devices various models and stamps.

What are schemes?
Schemes and schematic diagrams are integral part electrical industry, since they represent a visual description of the designs of certain devices. Circuits are necessary for maintenance and repair of various equipment and electromechanical systems.

Using repair manuals (instructions).
Repair manuals (instructions) for a particular device are usually published by independent publishers that are not related to official equipment manufacturers. These are not the instructions that were originally supplied with the purchased equipment. Although the information contained in repair manuals is generally similar to that found in a regular manual, there are distinct differences between the two documents. The fact is that repair manuals provide us with more detailed, complete and specific information.

Connection diagram for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems(start): 1 - mounting block relays and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting fuse block in the passenger compartment; 3 - control unit for ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 4 - fan operating mode switch; 5 - air conditioner switch; 6 - backlight lamp; 7 - heater electric fan relay; 8 - additional resistor of the fan motor; 9 - Sirius D4 ECU; 10 - ECU MR – 140; 11 - ECU HV-240; 12 - heater fan electric motor; 13 - brightness control for instrument lighting

Connection diagram of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (end): 1 - mounting block of relays and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting fuse block in the passenger compartment; 3 - electric motor for recirculation damper drive; 4 - air conditioning compressor relay; 5 - control unit for ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 6 - air conditioning compressor clutch; 7 - Sirius D4 ECU; 8 - ECU MR – 140; 9 - ECU HV-240; 10 - rear window heating relay

1) Air conditioner control switch, resistor and electric fan control circuit

A. CONNECTOR INFORMATION

b. LEGEND & AND LOCATION OF CONTACT NUMBER

V. LOCATION OF CONNECTORS AND GROUND CONNECTIONS

W/R INSTRUMENT PANEL

d. CONTACT BLOCK

s203

s204

2) AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL SWITCH, INDUCTION DAMPER ACTUATOR AND AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR CIRCUIT

A. CONNECTOR INFORMATION