To maintain good human health, a constant supply of fresh air is necessary. Due to lack of air exchange, health deteriorates, performance decreases, mood decreases, and prerequisites for the development of various diseases appear. Regular ventilation is necessary for any room. Particularly important good ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows.
Ventilation, or airing, must be carried out to replace exhaust air with fresh air in order to maintain oxygen levels sufficient for normal human life.
We spend about 70 percent of our lives indoors, so it's important that the air we breathe - whether at work, in public spaces or own apartment– contained as little dust and pathogens as possible.
If you take a standard apartment or house of a Russian resident, then you can say with firm confidence that in most of them the air condition does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards to ensure healthy breathing and comfortable life.
The reasons for this are:
High humidity and accumulation of dust, among other things, contribute to the development of mold and the proliferation of dangerous human body bacteria, fungi.
All these factors collectively create an atmosphere unfavorable for human health, where he spends most of his life. This leads to frequent respiratory diseases and other ailments, the true cause of which few people think about.
Wooden windows do not need ventilation
Apartments with windows in wooden frames are provided with fresh air flows from the outside thanks to breathable material and numerous micro-openings. Ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows is noticeably difficult, since, thanks to sealed fiberglass bags, air through closed windows doesn't work at all.
Therefore, it is very important to provide apartments and residential buildings with constant ventilation, which will allow for the timely exchange of polluted air for clean air.
Based on the principle of implementation, ventilation is divided into two types:
Natural ventilation is carried out through all possible “cracks” in the apartment due to the pressure difference between the living room and the street. The heated, humid air from the home goes outside under pressure, and in return a cooler, clean stream is sucked in. However, this type of ventilation does not always fully meet human needs, especially during warm periods.
Forced air is carried out by mechanically extracting dirty air from the apartment while simultaneously pumping in fresh air from the outside. To carry out this process, supply and exhaust channels are required.
Forced ventilation systems are built using one of three types of mechanical ventilation:
The supply type is the simplest. It can be done naturally, using vents and ventilation ducts. A good flow of fresh air is provided through an open window or vent. However, this method is not very acceptable in the autumn winter period when heat leaks out of the apartment along with ventilation.
Therefore, to ensure air exchange, installing a supply valve will help you. It is installed under the window above the heating radiator, thanks to which the cold flow coming from the street is heated by the battery.
In order for natural supply-type ventilation to be complete, it is necessary to install supply valves in each room of the living space. The capacity of one supply valve is a complete replacement of about 35 - 40 m3 of air per hour of operation. For the normal life of one person, 30 m3/hour of air is required.
Supply ventilation in an apartment is often combined with air conditioning to create favorable microclimate in room.
To mechanically provide supply ventilation, individual or ducted supply units will be required.
Individual supply system You can install it in two to three hours with your own hands. This does not require installation of a ventilation duct system. However, with high power consumption, it is capable of fully providing fresh air only one room. Therefore, such ventilation in a house or apartment is used extremely rarely.
Forced ventilation using air channels involves a large amount of work using special equipment. The ducts are mounted above the ceiling, using the space between the ceilings to ensure air flow to all rooms. This requires a large investment of time and material costs. Monoblock, which provides exhaust of used and injection of fresh air for standard apartment, should have a capacity of about 300-500 m3/hour.
Each apartment building has a stationary exhaust ventilation system, consisting of a central ventilation duct and air ducts connected to each apartment.
If you notice that you have a long-lasting smell after cooking, or “odors” from the bathroom and toilet rooms, this is evidence of insufficient or completely absent ventilation. Very often this phenomenon is observed after replacing conventional wooden frames with plastic double glazed windows.
You can check the functioning of the built-in ventilation system in a simple way: just hold 5X15 cm strips of paper to the ventilation grille and monitor its condition:
Important: Do not under any circumstances try to check the operation of the ventilation ducts using an open flame of a candle or match! This may cause the explosive gas accumulated in the ducts to ignite!
Local ventilation ducts are installed in the kitchen and bathroom. Considering the particularly polluted and humid air, you can enhance the operation of the ventilation system here with the help of an exhaust fan.
Kitchens in the food preparation area must be equipped with a hood. Its use helps prevent the spread of kitchen odors and fumes throughout all living spaces.
To ensure ventilation in the bathroom, it is recommended to use an electric built-in fan. Given the high air humidity, it must have reliable protection from water. Fans of this level are marked IPx4. Exhaust fans are also required to operate quietly and have a production capacity of 50 or more m3 of air per hour.
The widespread fascination with plastic windows is explained by people’s desire to reduce heat transfer during the cold season and maximize heat retention. However, this also leads to difficulty in natural air exchange due to the tightness of windows with fiberglass bags. At the same time, waste products – carbon dioxide and excess moisture – accumulate in apartments. Considering that each person excretes approximately 20 liters per hour. carbon dioxide, then in the absence of forced ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows, the concentration of harmful substances in the air exceeds all permissible sanitary and hygienic standards.
To ensure a comfortable, safe environment for the inhabitants of the apartment, air exchange rates must be no less than those given in SNiP.
According to clause 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”, the air exchange rate is:
Regulatory requirements for providing residential premises with an influx of fresh air can only be met by using forced ventilation.
The advantages are obvious:
Many apartment owners, where the usual wooden frames have been replaced with fiberglass frames, complain about. This occurs due to the occurrence of the so-called “dew point” - when the surface temperature of walls and windows drops to the level necessary for condensation to form at a certain humidity. The higher the air humidity, the higher the “dew point” temperature.
So, if the indoor air temperature is +18 degrees Celsius and the humidity is 50%, the dew point is 6.8. When humidity increases to 75%, this figure increases to 13.2. That is, with an increase in indoor air humidity, the indicator of the ambient temperature favorable for the formation of condensation increases.
This phenomenon can be avoided for an apartment equipped with plastic windows by providing forced ventilation of the supply and exhaust type.
By default, air exchange in the apartment is provided by natural exhaust ventilation. Remember the holes with bars under the ceiling in the bathroom and kitchen. From them there are ventilation ducts from the apartment to the common building exhaust shaft, which goes out onto the roof. Through these channels, stuffy air is removed from the apartment to the outside. But it is necessary not only to remove the air, but also to supply fresh air from the street.
Air can enter the home through open windows. But as soon as they are closed, the street air stops flowing into the apartment. And without inflow there is no exhaust. On the other hand, dirty air with impurities of exhaust gases, allergens and bacteria enters the apartment through open windows. If you are allergic, then in the summer poplar fluff, plant and flower pollen are added here. And in winter, during a period when the immune system is weakened by the fight against viruses and microbes, open windows give you “dangerous” drafts, which does not bode well for your health.
There is a solution - install a fresh air ventilation system. They are designed for fresh air supply and have various options filtration. There are heated appliances, which is important in the cold season. Suitable for apartments, houses and offices up to 100 m2.
Why is forced ventilation needed?
without forced ventilation
With traditional ventilation through windows into the apartment dirt, noise, bacteria and odors enter.
With forced ventilation
Inflow Provides ventilation and purifies incoming air simultaneously.
It can be central or compact. Central is when under suspended ceiling or on the balcony there is a ventilation unit that drives air through pipes that are stretched throughout all the rooms. Such ventilation “eats up” a lot of space and requires serious repair work and is expensive. Central ventilation makes sense if you have a private house or an apartment at the stage of major renovation.
If the apartment already has a fine finish, then it would be a pity to destroy the interior to install air ducts. It is easier and cheaper to install compact supply ventilation: a ventilator or a breather. These are small devices that are installed on the wall and supply fresh air through a through channel. .
Below is a comparative table in which you can evaluate different types of supply ventilation according to all the listed parameters.
| Type of supply ventilation | Performance | Filtration | Extra options | Price with installation |
| Supply valve |
from 0 to 54 m3/h |
No | No | RUB 5,900 |
| Ventilator | from 10 to 160 m3/h for one room |
or carbon filter, or coarse filter G3 |
no air heating |
RUB 22,490 |
| Breezer | from 30 to 130 m3/h for one room |
three filters: |
heating from -40°С to +25°С |
RUB 28,900 |
| Central supply ventilation | about 300-500 m3/h for the whole apartment |
additional filters |
water or electric air heating, low noise level, at extra charge you can install modules air cooling and humidification |
about 100,000 rub. + expenses for additional modules + repair costs |
In all respects, compact supply ventilation is not inferior to central ventilation. As for the cost, for a large apartment it is cheaper to install 2-3 ventilators or breathers than to spend money on central ventilation. And the same amount for repairs after laying air ducts.
Reading time: 9 minutes.
The building codes of the past did not require the tightness of premises that can be observed now. Air circulation was largely ensured by door and window openings, the density of the vestibule in which left much to be desired.
A fundamentally different approach to glazing minimizes heat loss and provides excellent sound insulation of rooms. But at the same time, if you do not pay due attention to ventilation, it is difficult to imagine comfortable living in such premises.
They are most in demand at the moment, and many of their owners have encountered the problem of controlled ventilation. Let's consider common options for ventilation of rooms glazed with PVC structures.
Another name for this ventilation method is slot ventilation. Essentially, this is opening the window in such a way that a gap of several millimeters is formed between the sealing elements of the sash and the frame. Externally, both from the outside of the room and from the inside, the window looks completely closed, which minimizes attempts of unauthorized entry through it.
Turn the handle at an angle of 45 degrees and pull it towards youThe micro-ventilation function will only work in units equipped with the appropriate fittings. Its operating principle is quite simple: to open the leaf in this mode, you need place the handle at an angle of 45˚ between tilt and swivel position.
Roto fittings for micro ventilation
This method of ventilation is more in demand in the cold season, when the use of conventional options will lead to excessive cooling of the room. This is especially true in children's rooms and rooms with high probability the occurrence of drafts.
Unlike the previous method, in which adjustment options are limited to one position, stepped ventilation provides greater room ventilation options. The ventilation gap is adjusted in accordance with external and internal climatic conditions in several positions (from 3 to 5).
As in the case of micro-ventilation, a stepped mode is available if there are special fittings in the unit.
There are two options:
All of the methods described above require the direct participation of people in the room, which is not always convenient. The ventilation process can be partially automated using special window modules and built-in devices.
Installation of three-stage micro-ventilation fittings on a plastic window:
Self-ventilation of plastic windows can be implemented either directly in the window block or using supply valves mounted in the wall.
One of the most effective and relatively easy-to-install options is to install a ventilation valve in the external wall of the building. When choosing this method, air access into the room occurs either through mechanical supply, or without it, due to the difference in pressure outside and inside the room.
Supply valve KIV-125
Structurally, this plastic pipe of appropriate length (slightly greater than the thickness of the wall), the internal cavity of which is covered with noise insulation material. WITH outside the pipe is covered with a two-layer grille to prevent insects, dust and debris from getting inside.
Inlet valve Helios ZLA 100
An adjustable valve is mounted on the room side with the ability to completely block the air flow, for example, when strong wind. The device is also equipped with air purification filters.
Installation of a wall supply valve
Some more complex models can be equipped with a fan, heating element, temperature and humidity sensors, and a remote control.
Supply and exhaust ventilation"ThermoBarrier" P-230
Note! When choosing a supply valve, you should pay attention to the throughput of the device, the presence of a sufficient amount temperature conditions and adjustment options.
Most elements of wall supply valves are sold separately, which makes it possible to assemble simple designs yourself.
Unlike wall analogues, these ventilation elements are mounted directly into the window unit. Depending on the design features and method of ventilation, the following varieties are distinguished:
The Aereco supply valve is mounted on the window sash
Another modification of the Aereco inlet valve
Air-Box Standard valve
Handle with ventilation SK - 201
Pros and cons of supply valves
Pros:
Minuses:
Breathers (ventilators)- These are compact systems for supplying fresh, clean air to rooms.
Breezer Tion 3s
Submission is carried out either naturally, or using a fan. In the first case, quiet, electricity-saving operation of the device is guaranteed, but problems with ventilation are possible if there is no difference in external and internal pressure.
Review and review of Breezer Tion 3S:
Ventilator with fan will ensure proper ventilation regardless of external climatic conditions, you just need to select the desired mode. In some models, performance depends on the fan speed, which also determines the noise level produced by the device and its energy consumption.
The devices are equipped with filters of varying degrees of purification. The number of elements and the level of filtration depends on the specific model, the most advanced of which are capable of purifying the air from tiny particles dust. In addition, filtration at the molecular level (for example, neutralization of exhaust gases) is possible.
Ventilator Blauberg VENTO Expert A50-1 Pro
Breezers, unlike many ventilators, are more autonomous. It is enough to configure it once (specify the schedule, set the appropriate operating mode) and it will automatically maintain the desired microclimate in the room.
Breezer Tion o2
Budget Breezer, calculated for 32 m2, costs - 21000 RUR. Performance model up to 140 m3/hour – 43000 rub.
A supply wall valve will cost much less - the cost varies from 1000 rub. for a simple device, up to 8500 rub. for a model with a turbine and a high-quality filtration system.
The cost of a valve mounted on a window without milling is from 350 rub. Overhead modifications that require complex installation - up to 4500 rub.
Installation of overhead valve on a metal-plastic window block is done as follows:
More details can be seen in the video:
Installation of a wall supply valve in some situations requires special equipment. This primarily concerns the installation of valves large diameter into thick walls. To make a hole you will need a powerful hammer drill and a drill of the appropriate diameter and length.
Such an instrument is rare in household. In addition, difficulties may arise when working on upper floors. Otherwise, installing a wall valve does not require any professional skills and is carried out according to the attached manual.
For the process of installing such valves in an apartment, watch our video:
Modern apartments are equipped metal-plastic windows instead of wooden ones, which worsens the air exchange in the house. Natural ventilation can be established using ventilation or installing supply and exhaust mechanisms.
Installing plastic windows significantly worsens the quality of air exchange. However, you can find a way out
Plastic windows not only disrupt heat exchange in the apartment, but also contribute to the accumulation of carbon dioxide and moisture. They are made using completely sealed technology, so heat does not escape from the apartment, but moisture does not escape either. Therefore, forced ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows is simply a salvation for all family members and the home.
Ventilation for an apartment is divided into several types:
It is important to install ventilation correctly and not make a mistake with its choice, having studied specialized literature for this.
Proper air exchange in the apartment allows you to remove excess moisture and exhaust air, and along with them, fungal and mold spores. Natural ventilation copes with this task only with through ventilation, but it cannot be used during the cold season.
But not all of us care about ventilation and check it regularly, although ventilation shafts in apartments they often work poorly because they are clogged with construction or street debris. Not everyone knows how to check the ventilation in an apartment on their own.
You can check the effectiveness of ventilation in the ducts using a piece of paper. If the sheet is attracted, then the ventilation works well. If it does not move, then such ventilation is of no use; you will have to call a technician to check the functionality and clean the channels.
Using a sheet of paper you can check the effectiveness of ventilation
In order for natural ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows to normalize the microclimate in the apartment, it must be converted into forced ventilation. This can be done by installing specialized air blowers or split systems with climate control function.
In new buildings, a forced ventilation system is installed during the construction stage. And where ventilation of this type is not provided for by the project, it is installed during the renovation process.
Principle of operation compulsory device Ventilation consists of organizing draft through special channels using fans.
The supply unit is installed indoors, through a specialized valve, which is installed in a hole in the wall. From the outside, the hole is closed with a grille, which protects it from debris and various foreign bodies.
Supply ventilation in the form of a system is installed in one room and then distributed throughout all rooms using ventilation ducts or installed in each room of the apartment separately.
Forced ventilation is installed on domestic natural ventilation ducts. It consists of fans that increase air draft. They are often installed in the kitchen or bathroom, and sometimes in other rooms where it is necessary to establish air exchange.
Air supply units can be equipped with additional devices: a heater or a recuperator, which will allow you to heat cold street air in winter. And the recuperator will also save additional money on heating the room.
Before installation compulsory system ventilation you need to know the following parameters:
This data will help you choose the appropriate device or ventilation method to restore air exchange in the room.
Anyone who cares about their own health is interested in the possibility of maintaining proper air exchange in an apartment with plastic windows.
There are many options for upgrading natural duct ventilation in apartment buildings. Among the most effective methods They highlight those that are installed on the double-glazed windows themselves or are already included with the window design from the factory.
The ventilation system for PVC windows, for example from a company such as www.svetokna.ru, using a window leaf is the most common. The window provides a continuous supply of clean air. It is mixed with waste room air, diffusion occurs, due to which the microclimate is normalized.
With natural ventilation, the appearance of drafts or the formation of condensation on the windows is excluded. The window can be fixed in several positions. But this design has a lot of disadvantages:
Plastic windows with ventilation using a self-ventilation system - best option as for apartment building, and for private houses. Supply ventilation is installed on plastic windows and in industrial buildings, i.e. helps the operation of the main ventilation system.
Such ventilation in plastic windows consists of slot holes in the upper or lower part of the plastic window frame. Such slot ventilation allows clean air to continuously flow into the room through the openings. And thanks to the special arrangement of the holes in the frame, cold air heats up and enters the room already warmed up.
Self-ventilation in windows has several negative aspects:
This is why most people resort to specialized ventilation valves in the form of handles for plastic windows or combs.
Ventilation in a private house where plastic windows are installed is a necessary condition if the owner of the house cares about the health of his family members
You need to ventilate your apartment regularly, especially if another ventilation system does not give the desired effect. The best way to normalize air exchange in an apartment is to ventilation valves that need to be installed on plastic windows.
A supply valve installed on plastic windows can normalize air exchange
The ventilation valve combines several functions, and for proper ventilation you must select the appropriate device class.
Installing the valve requires completely dismantling the double-glazed window or replacing the part of the window that is responsible for ventilation. Such modernizations make the structure heavier and significantly affect the cost of the window. But installation is completed in less than an hour, and air exchange is normalized within 24 hours, which indicates an undoubted advantage of the design.
After installing the supply valve, you need to decide on the control mode: automatic, manual or mixed.
Manual ventilation mode helps the owner to independently control the movement of air masses in an apartment or house. Partial ventilation can be used in that part of the house where it is really needed.
And in automatic mode, the owner’s participation is not required. As soon as the sensors in the valve begin to respond to temperature changes, the system supplies fresh air. The temperature is normalized, and with it air exchange is restored.
Mixed valve control mode allows you to switch between manual and automatic control as needed.
Air exchange in sealed structures can be improved by installing a special window handle valve.
The handle valve is mounted in the window profile instead of an ordinary plastic handle. A valve with such an installation system has many advantages:
This method is new in the world ventilation systems for PVC structures, so not all specialists know about its existence and the possibilities of its installation.
This does not mean that installing the valve yourself is difficult. The design can be purchased at large construction stores; instructions must be included with it. By following the rules for collecting and drilling the profile, you can easily install the ventilation in a few minutes.
Most convenient way ventilate the apartment - open the window. But a completely open window in winter can lead to negative consequences for all family members and for the home itself. Therefore, the developers window designs invented combs that provide stepwise ventilation at any time of the year.
The comb is a regulator that helps fix the window in several positions. The regulator can be installed either on a previously installed window or ordered during the initial installation of the window structure.
Such a system is installed without the power of specialists in a few minutes and does not require large financial outlays, and the result exceeds all expectations. This makes comb ventilation the most popular method of improving ventilation in the home.
Ventilation in apartment buildings often works unsatisfactorily. Because of this, children and adults get sick, furniture gets damaged, and they become covered with fungus. building construction. Neither air purifiers nor household air conditioners solve the problem. For air hygiene in rooms, it is necessary to organize air exchange. Not every family can afford to install an expensive ventilation system. However, in the battle for freshness, you can often get by with little loss by adopting the simplest and most accessible technologies.
From apartments, polluted air enters the exhaust ducts of natural ventilation, which in multi-storey buildings (6 or more floors), as a rule, transport it to a warm attic, from which the air is removed into the atmosphere through common building exhaust shafts. In buildings up to 5 floors high, the “exhaust” usually goes directly into the atmosphere (in this case, the ventilation ducts are brought to the roof, their heads are covered with deflectors).
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To provide fire protection and optimal aerodynamics in most modern houses polluted air does not enter the ventilation ducts immediately, but through satellite ducts. The source of the satellite is behind the wall ventilators in the kitchen (in the toilet, bathroom), and the outlet, connected to the general house channel, is on the floor above.
Unfortunately, gravity ventilation does not always work effectively enough. In addition, residents, wanting to squeeze more equipment they really need into their small kitchens and bathrooms, often encroach on the integrity of the ventilation ducts, although this is strictly prohibited. As a result, the functionality of the natural ventilation system is disrupted, the restoration of which becomes very difficult and costly.
Methods for organizing effective ventilation on a whole-house scale are discussed in detail in modern technical literature, for example, in the recommendations of TR ABOK-4–2004. We will limit ourselves to a review of typical apartment ventilation problems and simple technical solutions , which are easy to implement to improve air exchange.
The performance of natural ventilation depends on random climatic factors - wind speed and direction, indoor and outdoor air temperature, and others. For example, in winter, with a large temperature difference in the apartment and outside, a natural ventilation system can work well, but in summer its effectiveness drops sharply.
If the apartment has ordinary wooden windows (those that were installed in all residential buildings during the USSR), in winter, autumn and spring the ventilation efficiency of the residents is quite satisfactory, then the problem is solved with the help of one or two fans installed in the exhaust openings in the bathrooms and on kitchen.The most widely used fans today are those that operate on 220 V (in rooms with high humidity, fans rated at 12 V are used). Such devices are fixed in exhaust openings in discharge shafts or at the end of the air duct. Such a device can be turned on and off using a rope switch or, what happens more often, from the light switch at the entrance to the kitchen or bathroom.
However, other control methods are possible, depending on the type of ventilated room.
For example, the bathroom is the main source of high humidity in the apartment. Waterproof models with a humidity sensor are often used here. Such a device turns on automatically when the level of relative humidity in the bathroom exceeds a specified limit (can be set to turn on at 60–90%), and turns off when the steam evaporates, wet surfaces dry out, evaporation slows down and the air in the room becomes drier.
Among the models with a humidity sensor, we can note Decor 300CH from Soler&Palau, CB-100 PLUS H from Cata, E-Style 100 PRO MHY (smart) from Elicent and others.
In toilets, fans with a motion sensor and a shutdown delay timer are very often used. When a person appears, such a fan automatically turns on, and after the room is empty, a timer controls the operation of the fan for a set time (2–20 minutes). At the end of the delay period, it deactivates the fan. An example is the 100/125 MA TP model from Vents.In the kitchen, fans are used that are turned on by a signal from an external air quality sensor.
The sensor is usually a device the size of a cigarette box, and its sensors constantly monitor indoor air quality. Once it gets worse (the smell of cigarette smoke appears, as well as unpleasant odors), the fan is activated. After the air quality has returned to normal, the sensor automatically turns off the device with a short time delay (3–20 minutes).
An example is the Vario (Vortice) axial wall fan model with a C Smoke sensor.
Cheap fan models are consumables; be prepared to replace them after 3–6 months of continuous use. Only the highest quality devices can operate up to 30,000–40,000 hours in a row (approximately 4.5 years). If you want your apartment to be ventilated more intensively, buy a fan with a powerful motor that has a turbo function. However, here you need to know when to stop. In order not to harm others, the fan’s air output should not exceed 90–120 m 3 /h.In addition to the fans of the listed companies, it is worth noting devices from the brands Sylavent, O. ERRE, Xpelair, Ductex, Systemair, Maico Ventilatoren, Ballu Machine, as well as Arktos and Smart.
If you were quite satisfied with the efficiency of ventilation in your apartment before installing sealed plastic windows with double-glazed windows, and after their installation you felt a lack of fresh air, solving the problem of air supply to your home may turn out to be unexpectedly simple. Set the window latches to winter ventilation mode (latch handle up and slightly to the right) or summer ventilation mode (handle up). Through the cracks formed in the window narthexes, the fresh air necessary for breathing will leak into the rooms. None additional devices and you don't need any devices.
Alas, through windows slightly open even in this way, street noise will penetrate into the house, and drafts will arise, especially dangerous for the elderly and children. If these phenomena are unacceptable, to depressurize the apartment it is better to use supply ventilation valves, which provide silent access to fresh air into the home and normalization of natural ventilation.Supply ventilation valves can be installed in various places in the apartment. It could be outer wall- on the side of the window, at the height of human growth (for example, KIV-125 valves), a foamed window-wall joint (Climabox valves from KVE), a sash or impost profile of a plastic or wooden window (EMM valves from Aereko). Siegenia - Aubi offers very interesting models of supply ventilation valves, mounted in the gap between the end of the glass unit and window profile(“Aeromat-80”) or under the window sill board (“Aeroflet”).
Supply ventilation valves do not consume electricity; throughput depending on the model, it can range from 2 to 50 m 3 / h (for some models, the flow rate can be adjusted manually or automatically).
The number and location of valves is determined according to calculation. Usually they are installed in every living space, at least two valves per apartment. For example, to normalize the operation of a natural ventilation system that removes 90 m 3 /h of exhaust air from a house, it is enough to install 3-4 valves in living rooms with a capacity of 30 m 3 /h each with a pressure difference between the apartment and the street of 10 Pa.
It must be said that the better the draft in the ventilation ducts and the higher the wind pressure on the facades, the more air will flow through the supply ventilation valves into the home. Sometimes there may even be too much supply air, so the valves have to be closed. It is not recommended to place the head of the bed, especially a child’s bed, next to the valves, since in winter they give off a noticeable cold.
But in summer, in calm weather, fresh air may not enter the house at all, even if the valves are completely open. Therefore, in order to provide an apartment with fresh air (especially if it is located on the last or penultimate floor of the house), in addition to valves, it is still better to equip the exhaust openings in the kitchen and bathroom with good exhaust fans.
If you cannot tolerate musty air in your home, there is an option to organize an individual apartment exhaust ventilation system that discharges exhaust air from the kitchen and bathroom directly to the street, and to the existing exhaust ventilation holes Simply install plugs in these rooms.
Such a system can operate in continuous mode or “on demand” (for example, it can be activated by a signal from humidity sensors or air quality sensors in the apartment). The bottleneck of such installations is freezing of exhaust vents on the street in severe cold weather. However, most of the year they function without problems - if only there was electricity in the house.First of all, for normal operation of the system, access of fresh air from the street to the living quarters - bedroom, living room - is necessary. If the rooms have old wooden windows, no special equipment will be required. If plastic windows with a sealed sash are installed, then the flow of air into the living rooms will most likely have to be organized. For example, using the supply valves already mentioned above, mounted in through holes in the external walls.
Air exhaust from the kitchen is often achieved using a wall-mounted centrifugal exhaust fan placed over a through hole cut into the outer wall of the house. From the side of the house façade, the opening is closed with an exhaust ventilation grille.
A centrifugal wall fan for the kitchen should have a built-in check valve to prevent cold air from flowing into the room from the street when it is turned off. Example: fans of the CF series (Vents). In the southern regions, axial exhaust fans with automatic blinds are also used, mounted in a through hole with a diameter of 100–150 mm in the window glazing. Similar devices are available on Russian market under trademarks Vortice, Sylavent, O. ERRE, Xpelair, Ductex and others.
To extract air from the bathroom and toilet - rooms that usually do not come into contact with the outer walls of the house, you will need a moisture-proof duct fan with a capacity of approximately 80-150 m 3 / h: it is usually installed in the bathroom, behind a false ceiling. With its help, moist air from the bathroom and toilet is pumped out into the street through an air duct that is moisture-resistant and sound-proof. Such an air duct must be laid through the living rooms, along the shortest path to the nearest external wall, in the space behind the hemming flow, or in the voids of the decorative lowering of the ceiling along the perimeter of the room. The air intake in the bathroom and the air duct outlet on the street are covered with ventilation grilles.
For bathrooms in an apartment, it is logical to buy a centrifugal fan with a low noise level (32–36 dB (A)), adapted for long-term operation (resource - at least 30,000–40,000 hours).
We can recommend VKP-mini (Vents) with a capacity of 80 to 176 m 3 /h. Up to 4 short air ducts can be connected to the inlet pipes of this device, and only one outlet pipe. Durable duct fan models made from polymer materials, which do not care about long-term contact with moist, polluted air, produce Vortice ( the lineup Lineo), Cata (SMT), Panasonic (FV-12NS1), Shuft and others.Among the manufacturers of air ducts, we note the companies DEC, Diaflex, Sodiamex. The companies Trox, Systemair, Halton, Swegon, IMP Klima, and Arktos have a wide range of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation grilles.
In modern megacities, plastic windows are often installed only to tightly isolate an apartment from the street. The air outside the windows, due to its proximity to the highway, is polluted with a host of dangerous chemical compounds. And its inhalation over time necessarily affects the health of household members...
Alas, sealing the home, as the only measure to combat smog, does not bode well for apartment residents. In a closed home, the air quickly becomes even more toxic than outside. Therefore, in addition to installing sealed windows, it is necessary to equip the home with a mechanical ventilation system.
The simplest solution is an air supply unit that thoroughly cleans the street air of contaminants and, if necessary, heats it to a comfortable +17 ºС before supplying it to the apartment. Exhaust air from the home is discharged through natural exhaust ventilation channels (if they are in working order), otherwise - using the apartment's individual exhaust ventilation system.
Such systems, if, of course, they are correctly designed and installed, maintain the most high level climatic comfort, do not create drafts. There are no problems with heating the supply air even in severe cold.
To organize the flow of fresh, purified air into a room with an area of 10–30 m2, air supply units for one room, for example Marta, or other similar devices are very convenient. This installation is mounted under a window or in any other place in the room, but always on a wall bordering the street. It sucks air from the atmosphere (usually in a volume of 40 to 120 m 3 /h) through a channel drilled in the wall with a diameter of 100–150 mm, processes the flow to the required conditions, and then releases it into the room.
It is noteworthy that air handling units for one room can be installed in already finished rooms, without disturbing the interior, without spoiling the finish, and in just a few hours. In recirculation mode, the unit works as a highly efficient room air purifier.If several rooms need street air purified from pollutants at once, it is logical to consider the possibility of installing a ventilation system based on a monoblock air handling unit. It will take air from the street, prepare it accordingly, and then supply it through a network of supply air ducts to all rooms that need it. If the house you live in has a courtyard and the air quality there is better than that of the facade facing the roadway, then it is logical to “feed” the apartment with fresh air from this more environmentally friendly air pool.
Structurally, a monoblock air handling unit for an apartment is a box assembled from thermally insulated panels; inside the unit there is a duct or centrifugal fan, an electric air heater (most often single-phase, 220 V, but in some cases three-phase models at 380 V are also used), filters, as well as an automation system and other elements.
Central air supply units are installed on the loggia, but sometimes also directly in the apartment - for example, on the mezzanine, in the pantry, in the dressing room or in the corridor. Depending on the design features, they are placed behind a false ceiling, installed on the floor or on a wall, in a horizontal or vertical position.
Models with a weather-resistant body coating and sufficiently effective thermal insulation can be located outside the heated zone - on a loggia or wall of a building - just like external blocks split systems. It is only necessary to provide for the possibility of their regular Maintenance(filter replacement, engine repair and other work).
To supply air to rooms, an air collector duct (main section) is often provided, from which supply air ducts of smaller diameter are routed to different rooms. The network of ventilation ducts is located behind the false ceiling. Air distribution devices that harmonize with the interior are installed at the mouths of the supply air ducts.
After connecting to the network and starting up, the air handling unit operates in automatic mode all year round. It is only important to pay electricity bills on time and carry out maintenance.
Among monoblock air handling units for large rooms we can note TLP and TA-MINI from Systemair, SAU125 A from Ostberg, CAU from SHUFT, “Compact” from “Arktos”, “Elf” from “ Engineering equipment", Fresh Air from Electrolux, GLP 125 from General Climate, KKP from VEZA, Alfa Vent from 2VV and others. Well, we have already mentioned the manufacturers of high-quality air ducts, exhaust fans and ventilation grilles above.
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