In most cases, people are accustomed to insulating houses from the inside, although this is not entirely correct. Thermal insulation of walls with external insulation has a number of advantages compared to internal insulation of an apartment. Insulation installed indoors reduces the usable space of the rooms, especially when it comes to corner apartments or private housing construction.
By installing insulation only on the internal walls of the house, not all energy saving problems can be solved. In such a situation, the outside of the building will continue to freeze and accumulate excess moisture, which over time can penetrate inside the house. Therefore it is advisable carry out external insulation. But just before we start installation work you need to learn to understand the basic characteristics of external wall insulation.
The main advantages of insulating walls outside are saving usable space indoors, protecting the house from freezing and increasing the overall service life of the building. At the same time, external insulation of the walls does not increase the load on the structure of the building and does not put additional pressure on the foundation.
Home insulation deserves special attention high degree of protection from freezing. First of all, this is due to the fact that laying thermal insulation from the inside prevents heat from escaping from the room to the outside, while the walls continue to freeze at subzero temperatures. Between internal walls and thermal insulation material, a zone is formed in which water condenses, accompanying the formation of fungal mold and rapid cooling of the room under the influence of moisture.
The insulation inside the room, saturated with moisture, does not dry out even in the summer heat, creating a constant zone of water accumulation, which significantly affects the service life of the building. When using external insulation for walls, the point of condensation formation shifts towards the thermal insulation layer. Walls insulated from the outside do not cool down and retain heat, reducing heat loss for a long time. External thermal insulation materials quickly lose moisture, maintaining their basic characteristics, increasing the service life of the walls. To the main advantages External wall insulation includes the following characteristics:
Another advantage of using external thermal insulation materials is the high sound insulation of the room. If in private sector buildings this issue is not so important, then in large cities soundproofing of premises remains relevant.
External thermal insulation work must be carried out comprehensively. This is due to the fact that the correct choice of insulation depends on the material from which the structure is constructed. So, for brick houses, the familiar polystyrene foam is most often used. In its turn, wooden buildings It is better to insulate with mineral wool. Naturally, the final choice remains with the homeowner. At the same time, when choosing external insulation for walls, you need to pay attention for the following material characteristics:
But regardless of the insulation used and its main characteristics, the main thing is to try to create a rational thermal insulation structure that will avoid a lot of unwanted problems with external wall insulation. In particular it is necessary take into account external factors, such as rain, snow and other precipitation, as well as strong temperature changes in winter and summer, which the external thermal insulation material must withstand.
To the most popular methods carrying out installation work on insulating walls with external insulation includes the following:
Naturally, each insulation option has its own characteristics and difficulties in implementing it. Today there are a lot of materials on the market combined type, which not only solve the issue of insulating the building, but, subject to compliance installation technology provide waterproofing and fire safety of the building.
Regardless of which thermal insulation material the homeowner chooses, he will cope with the tasks assigned to him. But they all differ in their basic characteristics and, of course, in price, which plays an important role in external insulation. In this case you will have to choose from the following typical materials:
If we consider the main differences between external insulation materials, they lie in the degree of moisture resistance, vapor permeability and heat conductivity. In this case, the first two parameters should be selected based on the climate conditions of the region in which the structure was erected. In turn, the thermal conductivity of the material affects the thickness and installation of insulation, depending on the goals pursued.
Having selected a thermal insulation material that is suitable for price and quality, you can proceed to the stage of external wall insulation. But first surface preparation is in progress. Removed if necessary old plaster in some cases to the base of the building. The result of this work should be Smooth surface made of brick or stone, it all depends on the material used in construction.
An important role is played by the primer, which is often neglected by people carrying out do-it-yourself repair. If differences or other defects in the walls that exceed several centimeters are detected, they are sealed with mortar. The most suitable primer is considered deep penetration. To obtain an even thermal insulation layer that will not interfere with the following steps finishing works, need in advance install plumb beacons. This will allow you to outline the outer plane of the wall, which will facilitate installation work.
Self-tapping screws are attached to the upper edge of the wall surface, to which a construction cord is attached, which is supplied with a weight at the end and lowered to the very bottom of the wall. Horizontal ropes are stretched between the outer cords to create a control grid, which will be the main guide during installation. external thermal insulation. Then they proceed to attaching sheets of material, the installation of which differs depending on the characteristics of the insulation.
Sheets of insulation are attached to the wall on adhesive composition and are additionally fixed with dowels. The reliability of the dowels will directly affect the quality of insulation retention under strong wind loads. At the same time, there are two main types of dowels with a standard and extended spacer zone. In this case, standard fasteners are used to fix polystyrene foam on walls made of concrete and brick. In turn, it is advisable to use elongated dowels for walls made of porous material - foam block, lightweight concrete, etc..
Polystyrene insulation boards have one significant drawback - the high flammability of the material. Although manufacturers were able to solve this problem through the use of new manufacturing technologies. Therefore, it is the fire resistance of the material that needs to be given special attention when choosing.
After the adhesive composition has been applied to the surface of the wall, begin attaching the slabs. The glue is applied in sufficient volume so that the composition completely fills all the irregularities. The insulation slab is pressed tightly against the wall surface, while excess adhesive solution comes out from under it and falls under the adjacent slab, making the joints more reliable. After this, the plate is additionally secured with dowels in the corners and center of the product. Adjacent joints of the slabs, as well as the dowel heads, are covered with mastic.
After laying the external insulation perform reinforcement of the resulting structure. To do this, use a fiberglass mesh, and, if necessary, metal products. The slabs are opened with adhesive compounds, on which the mesh is laid, by pressing them against the heat insulator. For greater reliability, the mesh is fastened with an overlap. After the adhesive has dried, it is sanded and the finishing is applied. The most popular is decorative plaster, which, after drying, is covered with a layer of weather-resistant paint.
One of the most interesting and effective ways External wall insulation is considered to be polyurethane foam. This liquid insulation has many advantages compared to slab materials. The preparation of the material occurs immediately before applying the insulation to the wall surface. In addition, polyurethane foam there are a number of other advantages:
The process of installing polyurethane foam itself consists of spraying a layer of heat-insulating polymers onto wall surfaces of any shape, followed by hardening of the insulation. In a special container mixing of two polymers occurs foaming through carbon dioxide. The resulting composition is sprayed from a gun onto the surface of the wall, covering it with an even layer.
At the final stage of insulation, a decorative finishing. Thanks to this finishing coating, the insulation will be completely protected from exposure external factors environment. Plus, this will improve the aesthetic appeal of the building.
Only by choosing the right material for external wall insulation and only by following the technological process for its installation can a homeowner be sure that his house will be cool in summer and warm in winter for a long time.
Wide selection of insulation materials for wooden houses, they can be used to insulate a house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for frame house? Which is the best, let's look at their characteristics in this article! If carried out correctly, it will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.
When it is done correctly, then under its “protection” the house will not only be warmer in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.
Installation of insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in a room for any purpose - in a residential building, office or production workshop.
In addition, saving heat means obvious financial savings. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, despite the fact that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources already at initial stage construction work. Most of all, those parts of the building that are most adjacent to the external environment need to use insulation -, and.
The material produced in this way has excellent properties; moreover, it is not flammable and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the wonderful qualities of insulation can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.
Stone wool This is a fibrous material that is sold in the form of rolls and portioned slabs, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.
The highest quality product is made from rocks, called gabbro-basalt. This non-flammable material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various industrial facilities. The wide range of uses is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high temperatures, reaching one thousand degrees.
The insulation's complete immunity to fire is complemented by its excellent resistance to moisture. This is a hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.
This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high performance qualities. The unique properties of basalt wool allow it to be used even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.
This is a fairly soft material, but at the same time has a sufficient margin of strength. Its structural stability is determined by the special arrangement of the individual component fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.
It can coexist quite peacefully with concrete and metal, without the occurrence of all sorts of chemical reactions. High biological stability provides it with immunity to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence of fungal diseases,
The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, but the organic insulation burned out Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool.. Treatment with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the modern technologies used guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols at the stage of material production.
The final product reaching the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.
It is actively used for insulating floors of residential and production premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as external insulation.
It has found wide application in rooms with extreme levels of humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made from rocks, is the key to quality for a long time.
The missing 7% comes from specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky when humidity increases. All elements included in the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is resistant to combustion and rotting, and has excellent sound and heat insulation properties.
Can hold approximately 20% humidity while maintaining its performance. The material releases moisture to the outside and dries quickly, maintaining all its performance qualities. The disadvantage of ecowool is the difficulty of manually applying it to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a “floating floor” due to its inherent softness.
Another name for the material is urea foam. This modern material with high sound and thermal insulation characteristics, which is a cheap insulation material. This is a cellular organic foam with particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has high fire resistance, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to process, its air content reaches 90%.
Insulating the attic with foam insulation The tests carried out demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation as the middle layer of the structure frame structure, actual is not limited by anything. Tests of its fire resistance showed that the material can be safely classified as low-flammable.
This is the only thermal insulation material of a polymeric nature that is not at all adapted to independent combustion. Its fire resistance index places it in the G2 flammability subgroup.
Even if the highest temperature occurs during a fire, when the metal begins to melt, the carbide foam will simply evaporate, without releasing toxic or harmful substances.
This is a special foil material (on both sides or only one). It is made of polyethylene foam fabric, covered on the outside with highly polished aluminum foil. This is a multilayer vapor-sound- and heat-insulating material that combines completely different qualities.
At minimum thickness insulating layer, it provides wonderful properties reflections of heat flow, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance indicators. For right installed material characterized by exceptionally effective thermal insulation of the building along its entire contour.
It's harmless environmentally friendly material, which does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for the health of people and animals.
Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming or being damaged during all this time.
Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not require special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. It is used almost everywhere.
For owners of country houses and especially country houses with year-round accommodation ensuring constant comfortable temperature in all rooms is always very important. No matter how effective various systems heating, the main factor always remains the ability of the house structures to retain heat inside the building. First of all, this applies to the walls that have the largest surface area of the house and, accordingly, produce the maximum heat loss of the building. The simplest and most effective method is to insulate the walls from the outside. What materials are the most effective for insulating the walls of a house, and you can also learn about the technology for performing such work by studying this article.
The goal of any insulation is to minimize heat exchange with the environment.
Based on this, we can safely say that external insulation of the walls of a house is a very important stage of construction work:
Even high-quality construction of houses from any building materials cannot completely solve the problem of saving heat inside them. There are always invisible gaps between rows of logs or wooden beams, heterogeneity and voids in brick or block masonry, lack of insulation, air cavities, expansion joints in panel and monolithic housing construction.
All wall defects can be clearly identified only with the use of thermal imaging technology. This service is provided by some specialized and construction organizations to assess heat loss during heating of buildings and develop solutions to eliminate them.
The traditional solution to eliminate heat loss is various ways external insulation of walls of a private house:
Sometimes do-it-yourself insulation of the walls of a private house is also done from the inside of the premises using sheet or roll thermal insulation materials, cladding, plasterboard sheathing, etc.
The materials and substances used to reduce heat loss are characterized by both their own low thermal conductivity and additional heat retention when used due to the multilayer structure (hydro-, sound- and thermal insulation) of wall insulation. After all, such a structure contains air layers that conduct heat poorly.
Structurally, there are three possibilities for insulating the external load-bearing walls of any building:
In addition, by insulating the walls from the outside, you will simultaneously solve at least two more problems - improving sound insulation and the appearance of the building, which is often no less important for the owner and family members. Thermal insulation perfectly absorbs background noise and sharp sounds, and a variety of facing materials of different texture and color can protect walls from external influences, and radically change the appearance of the house.
This method of insulation with optimal investments will help to significantly reduce heating costs, which is important taking into account heating costs with constantly rising prices for any energy source: firewood, coal, gas and electricity.
You can qualitatively insulate the walls of your house using liquid polyurethane foam. To do this, using special equipment, it is pumped into the air gap between the wall of the house and internal lining premises.
For the construction of load-bearing walls of buildings, various materials and ready-made designs, as well as various methods and methods of laying, assembly and fastening, binders and fastening elements. The physical properties of these substances and materials directly shape the dynamics of temperature changes inside the house under the influence of external and internal factors.
Brick and wood, foam and reinforced concrete, blocks of cement mixture with various fillers, prefabricated layered wall structures have different thermal conductivity, thermal inertia, density and strength. Factory building structures made of reinforced concrete have the worst thermal insulation properties, which is most often aggravated by shortcomings and disruptions in the technological process at all stages of the construction of buildings made from it. This also applies to buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete. All this is important for the right choice material and method of external wall insulation.
Materials used for construction and insulation of house walls
| Name of material | Density | Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m*K) |
| Concrete block | 2100-2200 | 0,8-1,74 |
| Brick (red) | 1700-1900 | 0,55-0,96 |
| Wood (pine, spruce) | 450-550 | 0,10-0,18 |
| Polystyrene concrete | 900-1100 | 0,25-0,39 |
| Minvata | 50-100-200 | 0.045-0.055-0.06 (respectively) |
| Styrofoam | 30 | 0,04 |
| Expanded polystyrene | 100-125-150 | 0.039-0.051-0.055 (respectively) |
| Polyurethane foam (PPU) | 50 | 0,033 |
The main task of external insulation of a house is protection building structures walls from contact with too hot or cold external air and precipitation. In practice, this range varies from traditional cladding with planed boards and clapboards to the installation of ventilated facade systems.
Sheathing and cladding of external walls of buildings for wind protection and insulation using lumber, roofing felt, technical cardboard, profiled metal sheets, various types siding with laying mats of mineral wool or foam sheets is the most common method of external insulation.
No less common and also used today is decorative plaster using various mixtures followed by painting the surface. The disadvantages of this type of insulation have always been the high labor intensity and fragility of work without constant supervision, routine repair of the coating, which is quickly destroyed by temperature changes and precipitation. The effectiveness of insulation using this method also leaves much to be desired.
The lower the density of the heat-insulating material (the more closed air cells it contains), the better insulation properties it has.
The most popular and used types of wall insulation today are various mineral wool in rolls or ready-made mats of different sizes, sheet polystyrene foam, more often called polystyrene foam, fiberglass materials.
More rare are foil polyethylene foam, wood fiberboard, various liquid polymer compositions foaming in the filled volume, silicone heat-resistant paints, cellulose insulation called ecowool, sprayed polyurethane foam.
On top of the layers of insulation and waterproofing, the walls are faced with sheet and tile materials:
Profiled sheet;
Siding;
Curtain facades.
Good to know! Corrugated sheets and siding are the most sold and used facing materials. In addition to their excellent appearance, they qualitatively protect the insulation located between them and the wall of the building from all external influences.
To insulate the surface of the walls of buildings from the outside, several methods and technological techniques are used:
The choice of wall insulation method depends on many factors:
Insulate the walls of a country house or country house the owner and his family members and friends can do it, but the work on insulating a multi-storey building should be entrusted to a specialized construction organization.
It is better to carry out the entire range of work when there are design solutions, thermal and structural calculations, as well as specifications for building materials and fasteners. You can do them yourself or order documentation from specialists construction organization engaged in insulation of buildings.
This approach will eliminate a lot of problems: choosing a suitable certified material, its delivery, performing installation work, especially at height, which requires mandatory qualifications and permits for such work.
If the owner of a private house is confident in his abilities and construction skills, then he can choose the most acceptable method from his point of view, buy materials available everywhere today and insulate the walls outside the house himself. This way you can not only save money, but also enjoy the results.
External thermal insulation gives a much better effect than insulating a house from the inside. In addition to its main functions, insulation protects walls from precipitation, mechanical damage, and weathering, thereby extending the service life of the entire building. Installing insulation does not require special knowledge or skills, and most homeowners can easily cope with this task on their own. But in order to do everything as efficiently as possible, you need to know what materials are available for insulating walls outside, and how to attach them correctly.
Despite the fact that the operating conditions outside and inside the house are strikingly different, the same materials can be used in both cases. However, when choosing insulation, preference should be given to those options that best meet the following requirements:
For wooden houses, the vapor permeability of the insulation is also important, because wooden walls must “breathe”. As a rule, finishing coatings for facades are designed for long-term use, and removing them every few years to replace thermal insulation that has become unusable is too troublesome and not always advisable. At the same time, if the insulation under the finishing becomes compressed, cracks, begins to rot, or is chewed off by mice, it will no longer be able to retain heat, which means it will not be possible to do without repairs. That is why it is so important that the selected material fully meets the specified criteria.
At the moment, the construction market offers the following materials for insulating houses:
They all differ in technical characteristics, installation technology, and have different terms services. Moreover, each of them is suitable for outdoor use and has its own advantages. Let's look at these materials in more detail.
Mineral wool is made from fine fibers obtained by melting and pulverizing glass, blast furnace slag or rocks. Depending on the location of the fibers, the structure of the insulation can be corrugated, vertically layered or horizontally layered, and have different densities and thicknesses. Each type of mineral wool has its own characteristics:
Mineral wool is produced in slabs and mats with various options coverings – kraft paper, aluminum foil, fiberglass. In terms of cost, basalt insulation is the most expensive, and the higher its density, the more expensive it is.
Advantages of mineral wool:
Flaws:
Popular brands of mineral wool.
| Name | Brief characteristics |
|---|---|
| Basalt insulation with increased rigidity is available in the form of slabs with a thickness of 25 to 180 mm. Suitable for all types of facades, can serve as a basis for applying plaster. It is resistant to deformation and shrinkage, waterproof, low thermal conductivity, and absolutely non-flammable. Fastening is done using dowels and glue |
| A type of glass wool with various additives that improve the characteristics of the insulation. Available in slabs and rolls, there are options with foil coating. Widely used for insulating facades of all types, frame structures, internal partitions, roofing systems |
| Fiberglass insulation that does not contain formaldehyde additives. Available in slabs and rolls, it is characterized by biological and chemical resistance, elasticity, and good vapor permeability. Material thickness – from 5 to 10 cm |
| Glass wool insulation with a high content of water repellents. Available in the form of rolls, mats, rigid and semi-rigid slabs, 50-100 mm thick. Suitable for all types of surfaces, ventilated facades, frame structures |
Insulation materials based on polystyrene foam are excellent heat insulators due to their closed cellular structure. Almost 98% of the material is air or inert gas, enclosed in sealed cells, so the insulation weighs very little. Both polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam practically do not absorb moisture, which means they are excellent for insulating foundations, plinths, basements. When thermally insulating facades, these materials serve as the basis for applying plaster.
Advantages:
Flaws:
In the domestic market, domestically produced EPPS is in great demand - “Penoplex” and “Teplex”, as well as polystyrene foam insulation brands Ursa, GREENPLEX, PRIMAPLEX.
Styrofoam
Cellulose insulation, also called ecowool, is made from paper production waste and waste paper. Ecowool consists of 80% cellulose fibers, the remaining 20% are antiseptics and fire retardants. The material is tightly packed into all irregularities and voids and forms a dense, seamless coating with high vapor permeability. Installation of insulation is carried out in two ways - dry and wet-adhesive, and both options can be done either manually or using a special installation.
The dry method allows you to perform thermal insulation in a short time and start immediately finishing. But at the same time, the coating density will not be high enough, which will lead to shrinkage and the appearance of cold bridges. In addition, dry blowing produces a large number of fine dust and you have to work in a respirator.
The wet-adhesive method ensures better adhesion of the insulation to the base; the layer is much denser and more resistant to shrinkage, which guarantees the durability of the thermal insulation. True, it takes time for the material to dry - from 2 to 3 days, and even longer in cold or damp weather. And until the layer is completely dry, you cannot begin finishing.
Advantages:
Polyurethane foam, or PPU, belongs to the new generation of insulation and has improved characteristics compared to traditional materials. It is a liquid polymer mixture, which, after application to the surface, hardens and forms a durable coating with a cellular structure. Mixing the components is carried out immediately before starting work, and ready solution applied by spraying using a special installation.
Advantages:
Thermal insulation of the facade can be performed in different ways, depending on the type of insulation. But for all options prerequisite is quality training base, because not a single insulation can stop the processes of destruction of wall materials. Let's consider methods of insulation with mineral wool and polystyrene foam boards, as the most popular in frequent construction.
External walls are cleaned of dirt, peeling plaster or paint. Repair cracks and problem areas, and be sure to treat areas affected by fungus. There is no need to eliminate minor irregularities - the mineral wool insulation is mounted using a frame, so all defects will be hidden inside. Finally, the walls are coated with a waterproof primer with antiseptic properties so that mold does not develop under the layer of thermal insulation.
Step 1. The beams for the frame are cut to the required length, treated on all sides with antiseptic impregnation and dried in air.
Advice. The cross-section of the beams should be selected taking into account the thickness of the heat-insulating layer. That is, if slabs with a thickness of 50 mm are laid in one row, the thickness of the frame should be 5-6 cm, with a two-layer laying - no less than 11 cm. In the first case, a beam with a section of 50x50 mm is suitable for the racks, in the second - a board 40x110 mm installed on the edge.
Step 2. Markings are made on the walls for the frame guides strictly according to the level, holes are drilled for fasteners and the beams are installed. The distance between the posts should be 10-15 mm less than the width of the insulation board. During the installation process, the arrangement of elements is controlled building level, if necessary, use wooden supports under the timber so that all the racks are in the same plane.
Step 3. The insulation is inserted into the cells of the frame. To do this, the plates are slightly squeezed along the edges, pressed between the racks and released. The material expands on its own and tightly fills the space. The insulation must be inserted so that there are no gaps between the plates.
Step 4. After filling all the cells on top, the insulation must be covered with a windproof, moisture-proof membrane. The membrane is laid with the marked side out, the canvases are positioned horizontally, starting from the bottom. A construction stapler is used to fix the membrane. The top sheet is overlapped by 8-10 cm, and it is recommended to glue the joints with tape.
Step 5. Wooden counter battens 30-40 mm thick are stuffed on top of the membrane to provide an air gap. If this is not done, condensation will accumulate on the insulation, the moisture will saturate the wooden frame and the structure will quickly become unusable.
After this, all that remains is to install the finishing coating, for example, siding or corrugated sheeting. The finish must completely cover thermal insulation layer so that precipitation does not fall on the slabs. Only under such conditions will the material last long and effectively.
The last step is decorative finishing of the facade
This method of insulation is noticeably different from the previous one. First, the base must be leveled so that the material fits snugly to the surface. Secondly, installation is carried out without sheathing; the slabs are attached with glue and mushroom dowels.
Step 1. The prepared walls are covered with a primer with quartz sand, for example, Betokontakt. If the base is porous, the primer is applied in 2 layers.
Step 2. The lower limit of thermal insulation is determined and a horizontal line is drawn along the perimeter of the house. Drill holes for dowels according to the markings in increments of 20-30 cm and secure the starting strip.
Starting bar fixed
Step 3. To fix the insulation you will need special glue. You can use mounting adhesive in cylinders, for example, TYTAN STYRO 753, or dry glue mixture(Ceresit CT 83). The mixture is diluted in clean water according to the manufacturer’s instructions, mixed until smooth with a mixer at low speed.
Take the first sheet, apply glue on the back side in a continuous strip around the perimeter and in the center. Next, apply the insulation to the wall, resting the bottom edge on the starting profile, check the location with a level, and press it firmly to the base.
Step 4. Secure the entire row, tightly joining the sheets together. The next row begins with half a sheet to offset the vertical seams. Excess glue that appears at the joints is carefully removed with a spatula.
Step 5. When the glue has hardened, each sheet must be secured with disc dowels. To do this, carefully drill holes in the wall through the insulation, insert dowels and carefully hammer them in with a hammer. One sheet requires 5 fasteners - in each corner and in the center.
Step 6. Next, mix the adhesive solution, apply a continuous layer to the insulation, lay a fiberglass reinforcing mesh on top and embed it in the solution. Openings and corners are additionally reinforced with corner profiles.
When the solution has dried, the surface is sanded, dusted and plastered with a thin layer. Now all that remains is to paint the facade or apply decorative plaster.
Ceresit glue
Construction composition of walls multi-storey buildings or one-story houses, as well as their thickness, are not able to ensure 100% safety of thermal energy indoors. Monolithic concrete or stone are considered cold materials, but in terms of strength they occupy first place among all materials used in civil and industrial construction. To transform these materials into energy-saving and warm structures, multilayer thermal insulation technology for building structures of any type is used. Thermal insulation is provided for the walls both outside and inside. When performing insulation, all SNiPs and GOSTs are observed; these two points are very important in the construction process.
All houses, structures or buildings made of stone require additional thermal insulation. Stone includes such materials as: brick (solid, hollow, silicate, hollow porous), aerated concrete blocks, foam concrete and fortan blocks, rubble stone, shell rock, boiler and all types of cement and reinforced concrete products (monolithic slab structures, concrete panels and floors) .
Exist the following types insulation for walls:
Styrofoam(wall insulation polystyrene foam) is a modern polymer insulation of the latest generation. This product is used in almost all areas of construction and even industrial production processes. Foam plastic of grades PPT-25 and PPT-35 is used for insulation of walls (outside and inside), attic balconies, loggias and attics, as well as balcony floors. The dimensions of foam plastic boards are standard: 1000x500x50mm.
The material has the following qualities: low coefficient of water absorption, zero level of thermal conductivity, resistance to biological and chemical destruction, windproof and soundproofing properties, low weight, flexibility and ease of installation. The material consists of a group of environmentally clean products. Operational life is more than 50 years. The price of this product is the most affordable, despite some disadvantages such as flammability class.
Mineral wool(stone wool or glass wool) is a heat and sound insulating material widely used in insulating buildings for any purpose, and especially walls (external and internal), balconies and loggias. Internal and external use of insulation has justified its quality due to its physical and technical characteristics:
In insulation work (for example, insulation of walls in a panel house), mineral wool with thermal conductivity: 0.034-0.037 W/mK and flammability class NG (non-flammable) is used. The material can be worked at temperatures from -60ºС to +220ºС. This roll insulation for walls has the following dimensions: 1000x600x50mm, 7000x1200x50mm, 9000x1200x50mm, 10000x1200x50mm, 10000x1200x100mm, in addition to rolls, cotton wool is produced in slabs.
Brands of mineral wool used for wall insulation: Ursa, Izovol, Knauf, Rockwool, TechnoNIKOL, etc.
Polyurethane foam– a type of plastic, has a cellular-foamy structure. The cell space is filled with air and occupies 90% of the total mass of the product. Polyurethane foam has a high level of resistance to various chemicals, does not absorb water, is an excellent heat and sound insulator, is lightweight and has a high level of adhesion to all types of working surfaces: concrete, glass, wood, steel, brick, painted surfaces. The material can be worked at a temperature of 100 degrees. Operational life – up to 30 years.
PPU (polyurethane foam) is widely used in the process of wall insulation and frame balconies, as well as for insulating structures with complex configurations. The zero level of conductivity and elasticity of the product is exactly what is needed for insulating walls, balconies, attics and attics. The seamless process of using this product and its perfect adhesion creates a truly sealed finish. There is no need to ask the constant question: “which insulation is better for thermal insulation?” — PPU is an excellent coating for walls both outside and inside. This material is a guarantee of excellent vapor barrier and, above all, waterproofing. The only negative is the high cost.
Extruded polystyrene foam– latest generation material, made in a special way technological process. For wall insulation, the brands of extruded polyurethane foam Penopllex and Technoplex are most often used. In the manufacture of Technoplex, graphite is used in the form of nano-sized particles. Nano-sized graphite increases the strength of the material and increases the energy efficiency of the product.
Penoplex (penoplex wall insulation) - has a high energy saving coefficient, zero heat loss, and an excellent sound insulator. In addition to insulating walls, this material is widely used in insulating balconies, loggias, floors, basements and other building structures. When installing a “warm floor”, penoplex is an essential material. Thermal conductivity index is 0.0029 W/(m°C). Comparing Penoplex with polystyrene foam panels, mineral basalt wool or glass wool, it surpasses them in terms of energy saving. Moisture resistance is 0.2%, strength coefficient is 200-500 kPa. Resistant to damage from mold, chemicals and rodents. The slabs are quickly installed due to their flexibility and low weight. The product corresponds to the flammability class - G1, G4. Almost all brands of extruded polystyrene foam are endowed with such characteristics.
Liquid thermal insulation. For example, Alfatek is a liquid-like thermal insulation of the latest technological progress in the field of insulation. In production technology of this material a polyacrylic system is included to form multiple ceramic bubbles. The bubble system is filled with vacuum; it is this technical side that acts as an insulating component.
Material Features:
“Thermal mirror effect” Alfatek - consists of reflecting the heat flow received from the coolant or heat reflector and retaining the heat energy in itself. This ultra-thin insulation interrupts the contact of the base with the flow of cold entering the room from the outside, that is, from the street. The thermal conductivity of the material is 0.001 W/m°K.
Thermal insulation Alfatek (liquid insulation for walls) anti-corrosion protection of all metal surfaces with coverage of all hard-to-reach places that cannot be covered with other types of thermal insulators. The applied insulation layer is not subject to destruction by atmospheric phenomena and chemicals. The paint concentration does not affect the reduction in the degree of insulation, the main thing is uniform application and the absence of cold bridges.
The appearance of the Alfatek product is similar to conventional paint based on water and acrylic polymers. In addition to pipe systems and metal structures insulation is used to insulate all types of surfaces: brick, stone, concrete, etc. Before application, thorough surface treatment is necessary: dust removal, degreasing and drying. To work on metal, priming or other treatment with anti-corrosion agents is not required; the insulator paint acts as a corrosion preservative.
Other insulation materials are also used: ecowool, warm plaster, polyethylene foam (penofol, thermoflex, isolon, energyflex), foam glass and others.
There are three options for thermal insulation of such materials:
All options have their pros and cons; for internal insulation, the disadvantage is the formation of condensation, this is a clear and pressing problem modern construction and thermal insulation.
Pie-shaped masonry
The construction “pie” consists of the following layers: the first layer is load-bearing walls, the second layer is cement or mixed plaster and heat-insulating material, the third layer is the finishing cladding of the facades, consisting of: primer, glue, construction cladding mesh, finishing plaster and decorative finishing material.
Load-bearing walls are made of durable masonry or cast material, additional connecting and reinforcing elements. Stone or concrete are two durable building and masonry materials used in the construction of houses from the base or foundation to the attic. Load-bearing walls account for the entire mass of the building; the service life of the house and the strength to withstand additional weight added through other materials and devices depend on their strength: reinforced concrete stairs and flights of stairs, roofing structure with its component materials, plumbing network, heating equipment and all the contents of residential premises (furniture, household appliances and plumbing equipment, etc.). When planning a future building, all these nuances are calculated down to the smallest detail.
As for thermal insulation, here you can list a whole list of insulation materials: polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral (stone) basalt wool, fiberglass wool, polyurethane foam (PPU), liquid thermal insulation, warm plaster, cellulose boards, sandwich panels and other thermal insulation materials. According to the technology, the insulation is applied to an even layer of plaster, that is, before insulating the walls, the surface is plastered.
The final or finishing layer is performed to seal the previous layers - load-bearing wall and insulation, as well as to decorate the walls from the outside of the building. Insulation of walls from the inside is carried out using a similar technology, with the exception of finishing plastering.
Insulation materials have almost the same thermal conductivity coefficient, due to this the thickness of all types is the same; the calculation of the thickness of insulation for walls is carried out from the point of view of the correct choice of material with a high level of energy saving inside the building. If construction is carried out in an area with a harsh climate, a double layer of insulation is used, regardless of whether it is mineral wool or polystyrene foam. In comparison with basalt wool, extruded polystyrene foam or simple polystyrene foam fits tightly to the base without the formation of cold bridges, but is inferior in flexibility to stone wool.
Vapor permeability plays an important role in the thermal insulation of walls; the higher this coefficient, the less likely it is for condensation to form. Condensation leads to the destruction of all composite components of the layered masonry, thus shortening the service life of the building.
Fire safety ranks first among the technical requirements for construction and insulation. Despite the importance of this point, foam plastic is still widely used due to its cost and ease of installation. Polystyrene foam is 5 times cheaper than mineral basalt wool, which is why it is accepted into the thermal insulation process.
According to the agreement SP 23-101-2004 “Design of thermal protection of buildings”, using polystyrene foam (the technology of insulating walls with polystyrene foam), all window openings and areas surrounding the windows are insulated with non-combustible materials - mineral wool, glass wool and other non-combustible materials. This technology“rescued flammable” polystyrene foam from the list of prohibited products for thermal insulation of buildings and houses.
Fastening elements are plastic dowels or basalt-plastic tapes. The tapes are mounted in increments of 60 x 50 cm from each other. The fastening system or fastening of the insulation to the wall is quite durable, with a service life of up to 50 years. The entire finishing layer rests only on the foundation of the building.
Attention! When performing work on insulating walls from the outside, it is necessary to properly close the lower space in the area of the foundation and three-layer cake.
To avoid the destructive consequences of the thermal insulation process, the walls are ventilated or ventilated facades are installed. Due to the space between the insulation and the outer wall, as well as the installation ventilation holes an obstacle is created for the formation and settling of moisture inside the construction “pie”. In this way, the constantly ventilated layer cake will serve for many years without complaints from consumers.
After completion of construction, it is already known what material to insulate the walls with, because these facts are included in the project plan, and in case of secondary housing, what kind of insulation for walls is needed, how to choose them?! A construction engineer, together with a technologist, when examining such structures after a full examination, will be able to give an accurate technical answer to this painful question. There is nothing complicated here - the main thing is to repair the structure, and then everything is done according to the specified external thermal insulation scheme.
Mineral basalt wool is an ideal insulation for walls under siding, in this case it is necessary to step-by-step installation and proper ventilation of the facade. IN panel houses The walls from the inside are very cold, even when the external insulation is 100% complete, the need for insulation arises. It is urgent to install wall insulation under the wallpaper, then the walls will become warm and dry when touched.
