Grapes, in general, are considered to be quite hardy and easy to grow plants. However, there are insects and diseases that are very dangerous for it. Therefore, it is worth preparing in advance for possible troubles by familiarizing yourself with the most famous pests.
Did you know? Statistical studies conducted by scientists show that the grape harvest from pests decreases annually by at least a third, and if proper measures are not taken to prevent diseases, losses can reach half the harvest. We are, of course, talking about professional vineyards, while on a summer cottage improper care for grapes can completely destroy not only the crop, but also the plant itself.
The resistance of grapes to pests and diseases directly depends on the crop variety, however, the main enemies of all types of grapes are common, the difference is only in the degree of manifestation of disease symptoms and the duration of the treatment procedure.
- a tiny insect that eats the leaves of grapes, as well as many other plants. In appearance, this bug looks like a jumping cockroach reduced to 0.5 cm in size.
With the onset of spring, it eats up young shoots and grape leaves, causing a serious blow to the plant, after which it lays it aside. back side healthy leaves from one to three dozen eggs. The hatched larvae immediately begin to eat the green grapes, causing even more damage to the plant.
An effective means of combating with grape flea is "Karbofos" or others chemicals similar action, with the help of which spraying of the blossoming buds of grapes is carried out. The procedure should be repeated as new holes appear on the leaves, indicating pest activity.
This pest is a small bright red butterfly, barely visible to the naked eye, which begins the hunting season on young grape leaves in late spring and, like the grape flea beetle, lays eggs on the back side of the plant leaf.
Tiny caterpillars that appear later (they can be seen by looking through the leaf in the sun) “mined” the leaves with specific oval passages filled with waste from their vital activity, as a result of which the leaf loses color, withers and falls off.
Mining moth causes great damage to the plant, the yield is reduced, and the berries lose their quality. An unpleasant property of the insect is that during the season it produces not one, but two generations of offspring.
Struggle with leafminer moths in the cold period of time, when it has not yet begun to eat the plant, it can limit itself to digging summer cottage and the destruction of remnants of vegetation in which the insect can overwinter.
However, if in the spring the first narrow light stripes (“mines”) are found on the leaves, more will be needed. radical methods struggle. As from grape flea beetle, will help get rid of leafminer moths insecticides for grapes.
Preparations containing the plant poison pyrethrum work well against this insect, but they must be handled very carefully, since, firstly, the substance is very harmful not only to the moth, but also to humans, and secondly, the leafminer moth very quickly acquires immunity to similar to poisons.
If the infection is not very serious, you can try to do without special chemicals for grapes. Thus, insect eggs are destroyed using products containing paraffin.
In addition, before spraying the grapes with poison, you can try to apply mechanical means: carefully inspect the plant and remove infected leaves, using various adhesive films and similar products against adult insects.
-a sedentary insect that is very difficult to get rid of. This is largely due to its specific white fluff, with which the pest envelops itself, protecting it from the effects of poisons and attacks from natural enemies.
Once attached to a leaf or young grape branch, the cushion plant will continuously suck the juice from it throughout its life using a special piercing proboscis. As a result, the plant weakens and loses resistance to diseases, and productivity decreases.
The eggs laid by insects (there can be more than two thousand of them per year) hatch into young animals, which in the first days of life do not yet have resistance to chemical influences, so the effectiveness of insect control directly depends on the attentiveness of the gardener.
Destroy the pad can be done mechanically by removing the testicles and adults with a coarse brush. In more difficult cases use "Nitrafen" or "Dimethoate" (the first is used in early spring, the second - after the leaves appear).
A small nocturnal butterfly that gets its name from the way the caterpillars move: the insect at this stage of development does not have legs on its abdomen, so they move, bending in an arc and straightening again, as if measuring distance with spans.
The span is an outdated concept corresponding to a measure of length from large to index finger a person placed on a horizontal surface in the shape of a gate.
Insect caterpillars are hairless and have a color that is invisible against the background of foliage and plant stems, especially when they “stand” motionless on a branch with their body raised.
Moths spend the winter hidden in the bark. After warming, the butterfly begins to actively eat the buds, damaging them and causing serious harm to the plant, hence the second word in the name of the pest.
Due to this insect control should be carried out precisely at the moment when the buds bloom. Preparations for protecting grapes from the bud moth are the same insecticides as in the case of other pests of this plant.
is a very large gray butterfly, distinguished by the variegated colors of its front wings. This butterfly hides its eggs in cracks discovered by insects in the bark of plants. During the season, one individual lays up to eight hundred eggs, from which reddish caterpillars hatch with unpleasant smell(hence the name of the insect). 
Together, they bite into the bark of a grape or other crop, make tunnels there and remain for the winter. After warming, each individual begins to make its own passages up to half a meter long in the shoots. Collectively, these holes can destroy the plant.
Caterpillar activity can be detected by dying areas of bark, from under which a mixture of rotting plant pulp and insect excrement is released. Having seen such a sign, the vine must be cut below the dead area and removed or burned.
As pest control Another method is also used: the passage is expanded artificially, for example, using a long piece of wire, then an insecticide solution is injected into the hole using a syringe, after which the entrance is sealed with clay.
Grape borer called a medium-sized green bug with an elongated body. Damage to grapes is caused equally by both the adult insect and its larvae, which gnaw holes in the shoots, remaining there until spring.
This pest prefers weaker plants to healthy plants, and as a result of its impact, the leaves of the grapes dry out, the stems wither, and the yield is significantly reduced.
Struggle with grape borer it is carried out in the same way as with other pests: the affected shoots should be cut back to living tissue and destroyed, after which the plant is treated with insecticides.
Vital activity of the arachnoid grape mite(itching) appears already in early spring, when light spots form on the outside of young leaves, which subsequently dry out, and the inside of the leaf becomes covered with a specific substance resembling felt. This is the tick's habitat. 
As the insect grows, the felt becomes darker, and eventually the stain covers the entire leaf, after which it curls and withers. During the season, the mite can produce up to a dozen new followers, and each new insect, piercing the leaf, sucks the juice from it and devours the tissue.
If itching appears on grapes, you should resort to the following agrotechnical measures: struggle, such as pruning a damaged vine or spraying grapes with colloidal sulfur, “Fitoverm” or other preparations of a similar effect.
The fight against mites on grapes can be ineffective, since it is very difficult to remove the insect from the protective felt. Spraying is recommended to be carried out in hot weather, then the poison vapors “pierce” the web and destroy the insect.
Did you know? If you treat grapes with an insecticide such as Omite, designed specifically to combat mites, predatory species The ticks will still survive, after which they will easily devour the rest. This trick can significantly reduce the number of sprayings, and sometimes a single treatment is enough.
leaf roller – an insect that can destroy a huge number of crops. Among the main enemies of grapes, the most dangerous are the grape moth (it devours buds and flowers, as well as berries: they dry out or, on the contrary, rot), biennial and, in fact, grape leaf rollers.
All such pests overwinter in the bark, therefore the main method of struggle with them is the removal and burning of old tree skin in early spring. After this, spraying is carried out with preparations common to combating all grape pests.
Treatment scheme grapes depends on the type of pest. So, two-year-old leaf roller destroyed by spraying three times (two weeks after each of the two generations of butterfly flight and the third time - two weeks after the second treatment).
It is also destroyed by spraying three times: two weeks after the first summer of butterflies, immediately before flowering and two weeks after the summer of the second generation.
To combat grape budworm Two sprays are enough: before and after swelling of the buds. In winter, to destroy the insect, you can treat the bushes where the pest was previously noticed with a powerful stream of Nitrofen.
At the same time, the support for the grapes is also sprayed; pests can also overwinter in it. Leafworm caterpillars can also be destroyed with biological poisons.
Important! All spraying of grapes should be stopped no later than 30 days before the bunches appear.
They are called scale insects small pests sucking juice from plants.
Dangerous for grapes mealybug,more precisely, its female is a pink or yellow insect covered with a white coating similar to flour. The larvae of this pest are capable of forming entire colonies, settling on branches and leaves, sucking the juice from them. As a result, the grapes turn yellow and dry out.
A sign of damage is a clearly visible white coating and sticky discharge, which is subsequently affected by sooty fungus.
Scale insects on grapes are less dangerous in the early stages of infection, since fight him You can mechanically remove insects and powdery secretions with a cloth soaked in a soap solution.
After this, it is enough to treat the grapes three times with a weekly interval with an alcohol tincture of calendula, spray with garlic or tobacco infusion, cyclamen decoction, or soapy water.
If the infection is serious, it is necessary to use phytoferm, biotlin, mospilan or other drugs of the same group, if necessary, alternating them with each other.
Preventive actions can help prevent infection. Therefore, the vineyard should be kept clean, dried shoots and leaves should be destroyed. In addition, regular washing of the leaves can protect against pest damage.
This small black bug with a glossy back is capable of destroying a dozen swelling buds. Up to one and a half hundred individuals can settle on one bush, and they can lay the same number of larvae on one square meter area.
During the day, insects are in the ground (the pest also overwinters there), and they go out hunting at night. The larvae destroy grape roots.
To exterminate beetles grapes are sprayed with Chlorophos, and sticky traps are also used. The natural enemies of the beetle are birds, including farm birds.
– This is an insect that sucks liquid from the leaves of some grape varieties, leaving visible black spots on them in the spring. Thrips are not a common pest and their appearance on grapes is very rare, due to a combination of factors favorable to the insect.
In the hot season, it is quite difficult to notice traces of thrips activity. Leaves look healthy external signs there are no lesions. Just on inside sheet plate small single or grouped pale bubbles are visible.
If you cut the sheet at the place of such swelling, you get the impression that the plate has simply grown in width. In fact, this is the result of damage to the leaf by thrips, which pierce the plate and drink juice from it, thereby infecting it with various infections, of which they are carriers.
Thrips infestation of grapes is sometimes confused with activity leaf mites. A characteristic difference is the presence of characteristic dark traces of blockage of blood vessels in the form of a mesh. At first they can only be seen on the leaves, but as the disease progresses, the ovaries and bunches of grapes are also affected.
Plants damaged by thrips develop poorly and become deformed, so get rid of the pest necessary through general treatment with insecticides mixed with fungicides. Spraying is carried out in the spring, as soon as the grapes produce the first young shoots, and re-treatment is usually no longer required.
This microscopic aphid appeared in vineyards relatively recently, no more than one and a half hundred years ago. It feeds exclusively on grapes and poses no danger to other crops. At the same time, according to generally accepted opinion, it is considered the most dangerous and difficult enemy of vineyards to breed, affecting huge areas with lightning speed.
Did you know? Phylloxera has destroyed more than two-thirds of the vineyards around the globe in a relatively short period of time.
Phylloxera uses everything in grapes: from the roots to the very tips of the leaves, and each part of the plant has its own “fans” among insects. For example, phylloxera is presented in such forms as root (the most dangerous), leaf, winged, sexual, etc. 
The insect's homeland is North America, and it is American grape varieties that are more susceptible to damage by this pest than others; they are also its main carriers.
Unlike Americans, phylloxera begins to eat European grape varieties from the roots, however, if you do not intervene in time, it quickly moves to the upper parts of the plant, from which at the end of summer it again descends to the roots, taking on a root form, or becoming winged (with the wind spreads over vast areas).
In addition, the pest passes from plant to plant through labor tools, human hands, with the help of animals and birds, and also flows down with wastewater.
The best way to avoid phylloxera infection- give preference to European grape varieties and grow them in sand, since the pest feels especially good on wet soil.
For prevention Grape grafting is also used on varieties that are resistant to this pest and are not afraid of rotting: in this case, when the rootstock is infected with phylloxera top part grapes suffer slightly.
If the grapes are still affected by the pest, the plant is sprayed"Aktellik", "Zolon", "Confidor", "Mitak" or other insecticides. Primary treatment is carried out when a pair of leaves appears on the shoot, usually in the first half of May. The second spraying is carried out at the end of May, and the last application is carried out towards the end of June.
These small blood-sucking pests are dangerous to the vineyard both in adulthood and in the form of larvae. They move onto the grapes from other plants when leaves appear on the vine (insects can be seen with the naked eye by slightly shaking the vine). 
On the affected leaves, the ends begin to curl due to dehydration and their shape is lost, and given that the insect lays larvae on the back side of the leaf, it is somewhat more difficult to notice them.
Cicadas are dangerous not so much to the leaves as to the fruits of the grapes: by biting into the berry, the insect infects it with bacteria, and such grapes can no longer be eaten.
Upon careful examination of the sheets, you can notice small pimples on the reverse side, in which the cicada larvae themselves can be distinguished at the last stages of maturation.
Wasps They feed themselves and feed their offspring with ripening grapes, causing enormous damage to the harvest. By biting through the berries, this insect creates excellent conditions for pathogenic bacteria and fungi that are actively developing in the affected fruits.
Wasp control you need to start at the end of spring, when they switch from eating protein to sweets. 
There are many types of this struggle: traps with sweet bait or meat, spraying grapes with any kind of chemical to control pests, or destroying nests, which can be easily found by tracking where the wasps fly from in the morning and where they return in the evening. It is best to do this after sunset, having previously protected yourself from possible bites.
Very in an effective way is to install traps from cans or bottles. Making small holes, we fill the cavity with jam or syrup, some pour in already poisoned sweets. Wasps fly in and land on the liquid, sticking to it. You can also wrap the grapes in a net, thereby blocking the insect's access to it.
Important! Wasps live in large families and their nests can be located within a 20 m radius of each other, so the destruction of one nest is likely tofullywill not get rid of this problem. The fight must continue in various types until the insects find another place for a treat.
Grapes have a huge number of pests, in addition to those described above. The fight against them can be quite effective, but it is much more correct and productive to prevent infection by means of preventive treatment of the plant and compliance with all conditions for its cultivation.
67
once already
helped
As you know, in addition to diseases, grapes are also affected by various pests. And with pests everything is much simpler than with fungal diseases. They are easier to detect and quickly destroyed with effective insecticides or acaricides. But, despite this, there are several types of pests that are especially dangerous for grapes. The most dangerous pests that often attack grapes are: phylloxera (namely grape root aphids), mites and leaf rollers. And in general, any other pest has no place in the vineyard, since it reduces the likelihood of getting a good harvest.
There are many pests that attack grapes and are common in our area, these include:
This pest can attack other crops and also spread from them to grapes, so there is always a high probability of infection. Another name for this pest is the leaf beetle. Outwardly he looks like small cockroach and has an oval body shape, up to 4 mm long. In early spring these bugs jump and gnaw young green shoots of grapes. Then they lay eggs under the leaves, from which after a while larvae emerge and gnaw small holes in the leaves.
The first treatment is done with a conventional insecticide on young shoots of grapes. This is done in order to prevent the laying of eggs and to destroy the pests themselves. Another insecticide treatment should be carried out when holes appear on the leaves of the grapes.
This pest appears during the period when leaves begin to actively grow on the grapes. At first it is a small butterfly with red-brown wings with a span of up to 4 mm. Some time after the moth emerges, it lays eggs under the leaves, from which a small caterpillar eventually emerges. These larvae make many tunnels deep into the leaf. Over time, they damage the leaf so much that it dies. Through the active death of leaves, you can lose a large part of the harvest, so this pest must be actively combated.
If damaged leaves appear at the end of May, you need to apply a systemic insecticide against caterpillars. To combat the pest, you need to do preventive procedures in the fall. To do this, you need to burn all the fallen leaves and dig up the ground around the grape bushes.
This is a sedentary pest that feeds on grape juice. This pest settles on leaves and shoots and, with its piercing and knotting apparatus, sticks to the green areas of the plant and spends its entire life there. It is quite difficult to fight adult pests, since they secrete a protective substance that prevents poisons and birds from reaching this pest. Each female pest can lay more than 2,000 eggs in her lifetime. From these eggs young, mobile individuals emerge, which quickly spread to the free areas of the grape bush. Only at this moment can they be effectively dealt with, but it is at this time that they are hardly noticeable. This pest greatly reduces the productivity of grape bushes and its ability to resist disease.
If this pest has infested your vineyard, then in the spring, before the leaves bloom, you need to treat the bushes with a systemic insecticide. If you don’t have a lot of bushes, then you don’t need any insecticides; you can mechanically remove all pests. Just take some tough mittens and collect them all. If you do this periodically, you can do without chemicals.
To combat these pests, you need to remove damaged shoots and treat the plant with an insecticide. If you carry out scheduled preventive treatments, the pest will not appear.
This pest is a large (wingspan up to 10 mm) dark gray butterfly with many dots and streaks on the front wings. At the beginning of summer, these butterflies lay eggs in cracks and in the bark of shoots and in the trunk of a bush. The caterpillars, which appear after a while, are red in color and have an unpleasant odor. All together they bite into the shoot and make a common tunnel, where they spend the winter. In the spring, they gnaw out large tunnels, and each caterpillar comes to the surface and becomes a butterfly. The passages they gnaw out can reach 70 cm in length. In this case, the shoot dies.
To combat this pest, the most important thing is timely identification of the pest; for this, you need to periodically inspect the grape shoots. If a round hole is found on the vine, then you must cut the shoot down to healthy tissue and burn the infected part. If you need to preserve the vine, you can widen the round hole with a wire and inject insecticide into it with a syringe and then cover the hole with garden pitch or clay.
This pest is quite common and causes considerable harm to the plant if it is not dealt with in time. This pest is often called grape itch; its body is yellowish-green and its body size does not exceed 0.6 mm. These pests overwinter in fallen leaves or under bark. In spring, when the average daily temperature becomes more than 15 degrees. The females begin to lay eggs under the leaves. In less than a week, larvae appear and begin to actively feed on grape juices. Two weeks after the appearance of the young, the mites are ready to reproduce. These pests are very prolific, so there can be more than 12 generations of mites in one season. And given that one female lays up to 150 eggs, the bush is very quickly affected by this pest. In places where the leaves are punctured, light-colored spots appear, which dry out over time, and the leaf may die. In order to maintain high productivity of grape bushes, this pest must be effectively combated.
If a grape bush is affected by these pests, you need to treat the leaves with acaricides at intervals of 7-12 days. These pests are easy to destroy, but to reduce the likelihood of their appearance in the fall, be sure to destroy all fallen leaves. It is advisable to collect it and burn it.
This pest feeds on the most top layer grape leaves. The size of these mites is insignificant and can be no more than 0.2 m. Typically, adult individuals overwinter under the bud scales. In the spring, they move from their hiding places to green leaves, namely to their lower part. Since the pests are small and feed only on the top layer of the lower part of the leaf, they do not cause significant harm to the plant. In this case, even severely damaged cells do not die.
This pest is so small that it cannot be seen. Despite its size, it causes significant damage to the plant. Pests usually overwinter under the bud scales; during wintering they can cause significant damage to the buds. The leaves of the grapes on which these pests settle are deformed, wrinkled and torn into strips. These damages are similar to the damage the plant experiences when infected with viral diseases.
Preventive control methods include removing old bark from grape bushes; before buds open, they must be treated with colloidal sulfur. If pests begin to appear on the leaves, it must be treated with any acaricides. Such treatments should be carried out 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-12 days.
These pests cause greatest harm all green parts of the grapes and therefore they need to be destroyed in time. Leafworms include:
This pest is a butterfly with a wingspan of up to 3 cm. The wings of the butterfly are dark brown with a copper sheen at the edges. The butterfly itself does not cause any harm to the grapes, and its offspring leaves only skeletal veins from the leaves. Some time after the appearance of the caterpillars, they begin to form cocoons in a special nest from grape leaves gathered into a ball. After three weeks, new butterflies will fly out, each of which can lay up to 400 eggs.
This pest is an olive-brown forearm butterfly. Its wingspan can reach 15 mm. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying eggs, is green in color and very mobile. At the same time, pests eat everything: leaves, flowers, ovaries, green berries, wrapping them in cobwebs. Damaged parts of the plant fester and can be affected by various diseases.
In spring, a butterfly with light yellow wings flies out and lays eggs under the leaves. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying, is first light green, then red with a black head. She eats everything, from buds to green berries. When damaged, the berries fester and infect neighboring ones. At the same time, grape yields can decrease by up to 90%.
The best remedy for this pest is prevention. To do this, it is necessary to clear the vineyard of organic residues and burn them. If in the spring butterflies fly around your vineyard, similar to known pests, then you need to treat the plants with any insecticide known to you. If a caterpillar appears, it is necessary to apply biological agents pest control.
This pest is considered the most dangerous for grapes; it is also called grape aphids. Usually this pest is carried along with planting material. Also, a grape bush can become infected by the wind or through the water with which you water your plants.
During their lives, these pests can change their appearance repeatedly. They periodically move from the underground to the above-ground parts of the bush. Usually the bush dies due to infection of punctures made by pests on the roots of the plant.
Since these pests are very dangerous for grape bushes, you need to use effective methods fight them. The most common methods of control are:
From the above it is clear that there are many pests that cause significant damage to the vineyard. Some of them are very dangerous, some are less dangerous. Despite the degree of danger that the pest causes to the plant, it must still be dealt with so that the plant does not weaken and become infected with some kind of fungal or bacterial disease.
Quite often, gardeners may notice holes on grape leaves. various sizes. First of all, this upsets those who like to use the leaves for food or use them for homemade preparations. However, any damage should immediately cause concern to gardeners. This means that the plant is damaged and cannot fully develop.
Holes in grape leaves can be caused by a variety of pests.
Various pests make holes on grape leaves. If you don’t start fighting them in time, you can lose the entire vineyard. Let's look at the most common ones.
Another name for this pest is the leaf beetle. He eats not only grapes, but also other plants. Looks like a small cockroach. Can jump. It begins to attack plants in early spring. Eggs are laid on the underside of the leaf. It can lay down 30-40 pieces at a time.
The fight against them begins after the buds open. Insecticides are used for destruction. Repeated treatments are carried out every time the sheet is covered with new holes.
The grape flea beetle attacks newly opened buds
It is a small red butterfly. She appears in May. Lays eggs on unfolded leaves. Over time, the leaf becomes covered with holes, turns yellow and dies. Any insecticide can be used to kill pests. As a preventive measure, in the fall you should dig up the entire garden and remove all plant debris.
Large individuals love to feed on grape juice. The pest is inactive, sits on leaves or shoots and is fixed with the help of a piercing-sucking drug. This is how the individual spends its entire life.
The fight against larvae should be carried out in the spring, while the leaves of the grapes have not yet blossomed. Grape bushes are treated with a systemic insecticide. If the vineyard is not large, then large individuals and eggs are harvested by hand. When cleaning, use tough gloves. With frequent inspection, the pest can be eliminated without chemical treatments.
The grape bud attaches to a leaf and spends its entire life on it.
The pest has an oblong body of olive green color. The larva eats the leaf and makes passages in the shoots for wintering. If borer appears on the grapes, the shoots become flabby and the leaves dry out.
To get rid of the borer, it is necessary to remove damaged shoots and leaves and treat the vineyards with insecticides. If you carry out scheduled preventive treatments, you can forget about this pest forever.
Grape borer gnaws holes in the vine
I distinguish the following types of ticks:
Spider mites are rapidly multiplying and destroying vineyards
They can harm any green surface of the grapes. They consume young foliage. There are three types of leaf roller:
To combat these leaf rollers the best remedy is prevention. Every autumn, burning all fallen leaves. If suspicious butterflies appear in the spring, then insecticide treatment is carried out.
When caterpillars appear, the grape bushes should be treated with biological substances.
The cluster leaf roller eats leaves and berries
For prevention, seedlings are disinfected in a solution of insecticides, and all surface roots of the grapes are removed. To combat the pest, plants are treated with insecticides after bud break.
None green plant cannot function normally without leaves - all metabolic, gas exchange and synthetic processes occur in the foliage. Therefore, it is so important to keep it safe and sound during the vegetative development of the plant. If we're talking about about such fruit-bearing crops as grapes, then we can say with confidence that the number of full-fledged and healthy bunches depends on the quality of the foliage of the bushes. The leaves serve not only as respiratory and nutritional organs, but also protect the berries from overheating and sunburn. But why do gardeners often encounter such a problem as holes in grape foliage?
Experienced winegrowers are well aware of situations when, starting with small holes on the surface, “holeiness” begins to quickly spread throughout the entire leaf cover, turning grape arbors into a torn network. And it is not diseases that are to blame for this, but insect pests, which themselves eat the leaves and lay their eggs under them, from which thousands of grape leaf eaters will hatch in a matter of days. If you do not notice the impending disaster in time, hordes of insatiable larvae can destroy a healthy grape bush literally before your eyes. That is why it is so important to regularly inspect the plantings and, at the slightest sign of insect damage, take immediate action. Preventive treatment of bushes to scare away uninvited guests will also not be superfluous.
Among the abundance of pests that feed on succulent leaves of grapes, we can distinguish several of the most common species that pose a particular danger to vineyard yields:
Grape borer causes great damage to vineyards
Phylloxera, better known to gardeners as grape aphids, poses the greatest danger to grape plantings, since it can damage not only leaves, but also move into the soil and break through root system bush. To prevent such developments, it is recommended:
Phylloxera appears as tubercles on the leaves
This insect is represented by three types of butterflies:
All these pest butterflies lay eggs under grape leaves and are capable of laying about 400 eggs. The caterpillars that appear a week later feed not only on leaves, but also on inflorescences and even unripe berries, exposing them to the risk of fungal diseases. Leaf rollers can cause crop damage up to 90%.
To prevent the deposition of clutches of harmful butterflies, measures should be taken preventive measures– repeated treatment of the vineyard with any effective insecticides(as a rule, their action is designed for almost all types of pests).
If it is necessary to prevent the risk of larvae being introduced from plant parts that have overwintered on the ground, it is recommended to promptly remove damaged shoots, old leaves and fallen fruits from the vineyard area.
Female grape budworm
This microscopic pest is difficult to detect with the naked eye, however, it is extremely dangerous for grape leaves. The fact is that these insects have adapted to winter under the bud scales, causing damage to the plant even in winter. And on leaves infested with mites, first minor deformations and wrinklings appear, and then serious tears, which is why the foliage can literally tear into strips.
For prevention purposes, it is recommended to remove the old bark and spray the buds with colloidal sulfur before blooming. If characteristic damage begins to be detected (wrinkling, deformation of leaves), the plant should be sprayed with any acaricide. During the season, 2-3 sprayings every 7-10 days are sufficient.
The grape mite is very small, it can only be noticed by damage on the leaves
The dark gray butterfly with numerous patterns in the form of strokes and dots seriously damages not only the leaves. With the onset of summer, she looks for cracks in the trunk of the grape bush and in the bark of young shoots in order to lay eggs in them. The red, foul-smelling caterpillars, which hatch within a week, gnaw through the shoot and build a tunnel in it for wintering. Until spring, the length of the tunnel can be up to 70 cm, then the pest gnaws out a wide passage and flies to the surface in the form of a butterfly. Such damage leads to the death of the entire shoot.
Insect control comes down to timely detection of the pest and taking appropriate measures:
The fragrant woodborer gnaws holes in wood
Measures to combat other pests include preventive agrotechnical and chemical procedures:
Systematic collection of insects is often more effective than chemicals from caterpillars.
The appearance of holes on grape leaves is usually caused by the presence of some kind of pest on the vine. The list of insects that can spoil the upcoming harvest and cause damage to the entire vineyard is quite wide.
Therefore, in this article we will consider the appearance of the most common pests:
This is a small black insect that looks like a small cockroach. Many people know this pest under the name of the leaf beetle. It affects not only vineyards, but also many other plants. The leaf beetle can jump quite well, so its spread speed is quite high. At one time, a flea beetle can lay up to thirty eggs, and the larvae that hatch from them can quickly destroy the leaves and young shoots of the plant.
The grape flea beetle begins to eat plants from the beginning of spring. The leaf beetle lays its eggs on the underside of the leaves, so treatment with insecticides should be carried out carefully, spraying the bushes not only from above, but also from below. Treatment with an insecticide should begin from the moment the buds open, repeating the procedure when new holes appear on the leaves.
The pest is a tiny red butterfly, almost indistinguishable without a magnifying glass. In one season, the leaf miner manages to replace two generations, as it reproduces and grows at a high speed. This insect got its name due to the fact that the caterpillars of the leaf miner, during development, gnaw characteristic round tunnels in the leaf, which they fill with waste from their vital activity.
The beginning of the activity of this insect occurs in mid-late spring, this is when the first holes in the leaves and the first clutches appear. The leafminer moth lays subtle eggs on the underside of leaves, just like the leaf beetle. The technology for treating plants when this pest is detected does not differ from treatment against grape flea beetles.
Grape cushion borer is a sedentary, but very difficult to eliminate threat to the life of the entire plant. The pest is firmly attached to the trunk or leaf of grapes by piercing and sucking oral apparatus and is wrapped in a kind of white fluff, which protects the pad from external influences. The grape cushion can lay about two thousand eggs per season, as a result of which it spreads rapidly, affecting plants.
The larvae of this insect are born quite active and quickly begin to destroy all the green parts of the vine available to them. It is at the moment that holes appear on the leaves of the grapes that it is necessary to begin to fight the larvae with the help of an insecticide. Adults cannot be destroyed remotely; they will have to be cleaned off with a stiff brush.
This small insect has an elongated body of a dark olive color with a golden tint. Both adults and larvae pose a danger to grapes, which not only thoroughly damage the leaves, but also gnaw passages in the shoots of the plant for a comfortable wintering. The insect prefers weak and sickly plants, which with their intervention quickly begin to wither, the shoots become sluggish, and the yield is noticeably reduced.
Plants attacked by grape borer should be cut off from all affected tissues, and everything cut should be burned. Then you need to spray the plants with an insecticide, carefully treating all parts of the plant. The most fruitful will be spraying twice.
The most dangerous pests of this species are considered to be biennial, bunch and grape leaf rollers. They are capable of destroying a significant number of plants in very little time. short term, therefore, having discovered signs of their appearance, you should immediately take the most stringent measures.
A two-year-old leaf roller can be destroyed by treating it three times with an insecticide - 14 days after the appearance of each of the two generations of butterflies, then 14 days after the second treatment. The elimination of the bunch moth is also carried out in three stages - 10-14 days after the first generation of butterflies, before the start of flowering and 10-14 days after the appearance of the second generation. To combat the grape leaf roller, spraying twice is enough - before the buds swell and after. To further protect the vine from this pest, you can carry out another treatment in winter.
Perhaps it is phylloxera, which many know as grape aphids, that is the most dangerous pest for grapes, since it eats not only the greens of the plant, but also its root system. Due to its microscopic size, it spreads with planting material, rainfall and even wind. The leaves of grapes affected by aphids are covered with a significant number of small holes.
To prevent the appearance grape aphid The seedlings should be washed in an insecticide solution, but if the pest has already appeared in the vineyard, it is worth starting a thorough treatment in early May, spraying the plants again at the end of the month, and carry out another treatment in the middle or at the end of June. If the plant is damaged too much by phylloxera, it is guaranteed to die.
Most often, American grape varieties suffer from phylloxera attacks, but European grape varieties are not very well protected from this pest. Aphids begin to eat European grape varieties from the roots, moving to the green parts of the plant around mid-summer, and again descending to the root system in the fall.
In addition to the listed pests, grapes have many other enemies. Much easier than starting treatment for pests, carrying out preventive treatments with insecticides and inspecting the vine. The first priority will be to clean the vineyard of all green residues in which not only insects, but also various fungi and bacteria can wait in the wings.
Affected shoots and leaves should be immediately pruned and destroyed to prevent the spread of pests. At the same time, you can slightly thin out the most overgrown vines to allow the plants to ventilate. This can protect them from the appearance of fungal diseases and allow them to grow and develop properly without wasting energy on an excessive number of shoots and leaves.
Many people prefer to take care in advance of purchasing pest-resistant grape varieties. However, some owners resistant varieties Nevertheless, they carry out annual preventive treatments with insecticides in order to be sure of the absence of pests. Whether it is worth carrying out preventive spraying depends on specific situation However, in the fight against most pests, it is better to play it safe than to lose not only the entire harvest, but the entire vineyard.
