Owners of orchards, vineyards and berry plantations are well aware of the problem of crop processing. Effective method her decisions - cold pressed juice This process allows you to preserve the vitamin value of fruits and berries for a long time without building a bulk storage facility.
The main mechanism of the country “canning shop” is a press for squeezing juice. It helps to quickly and without loss process hundreds of kilograms of ripe crops.
ABOUT existing varieties We will discuss the principles of operation and cost of equipment for obtaining juice in this article. Information about the features will be useful for home craftsmen self-made powerful "juicer".
Installations designed for squeezing juice are divided into mechanical, hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and pneumatic.
The most common mechanism is a mechanical screw press.
Screw juice press is simple and reliable
The principle of its operation is clear at first glance: crushed fruits are placed in a container with holes, grapes or berries are poured. After this, by rotating the handle, the screw is activated, lowering the flat piston. The squeezed juice flows through holes in the casing into a tray, and from there it goes into jars or other containers.
In addition to stainless steel, solid beech wood is used to make the casing. A drainage grid is made from it. It consists of two halves connected by metal hoops.
A modernized version of such a device is manual Hydraulic Press for apples and grapes.
It does not have a perforated container to separate the juice. Instead, several wooden drainage frames are used. Bags with crushed raw materials are placed between them. A manual hydraulic jack develops a large force (from 1 to 5 tons). Thanks to this, the volume of juice obtained reaches 70% of the volume of fruit.
The original squeezing method is implemented in the Grifo hydraulic press. It does not have a hydraulic jack, but a powerful “barrel” membrane is installed. It expands under pressure tap water(1.5-2 atm.) and squeezes the juice through the perforated wall of the casing.
Hydropress Grifo - connected to the water supply and squeezed out the juice
A pneumatic press works on a similar principle. Only the membrane-pressure in it is filled not with water, but compressed air from the compressor.
Pneumatic press for squeezing juice. The screw piston was replaced by a rubber membrane
Since all juice presses are paired with choppers, a few words need to be said about these devices. The simplest mechanism is a steel drum-grater placed in a casing with a loading neck. By rotating the handle, the chopper is activated, turning the fruit into fine crumbs and pulp.
A more advanced option is an electrically driven device. Minimum physical effort and maximum productivity are the main arguments in its favor.
It should be noted that the productivity of mechanical presses is low (10-30 liters per hour). However, for most country farms it is quite enough.
To improve the quality and increase the yield of juice, two methods are used:
Both methods improve the removal of juice from the middle of the compressed volume. Without such drainage, the middle layers of crushed fruit are squeezed out worse than the top and bottom layers. An additional advantage of using bags is the release of pulp from the juice.
Large volumes of processing require the use of an electric drive. Here two types of equipment can be distinguished: a traditional screw mechanism driven by a pair of “electric motor-hydraulic jack” and a screw press operating on the principle of a meat grinder.
A screw press juicer with an electric motor is designed for processing berries, grapes and tomatoes. When crushing the raw material, the auger presses it through a sieve and produces juice with big amount pulp.
The screw press is a relative of the household juicer
The cost of manual screw presses for squeezing juice directly depends on their capacity. The price for devices with a working volume of 10-15 liters ranges from 9,000 to 15,000 rubles. For a manual press that holds 25 liters of raw materials, you will have to pay at least 20,000 rubles.
The average price of home “juice squeezers” driven by a hydraulic jack is 19,000 rubles. A pneumatic press for squeezing juice from apples can be purchased for 34,000 rubles. For a membrane-type hydraulic device, sellers ask 94,000 rubles.
The most difficult part of a manual juice press is the powerful screw. It is impossible to do it without the help of a qualified turner. Moreover, every car owner has a mechanism that is perfect for squeezing juice. Is it hydraulic or mechanical jack. Using it you can make a good homemade press for juice.
The main task is to weld a strong frame from a metal profile into which the jack will rest. For this purpose, you can take trimmings square pipe(section 40x40 mm, wall thickness not less than 3 mm).
When making a drawing of the press, the height of the frame is selected based on the height of the jack, the thickness of the linings, drainage grates and bags of raw materials. The width of the frame is made such that the juice tray can easily fit into it.
In order to make the juice press with your own hands as resistant as possible, lower belt Three pieces of square pipe (length 15-20 cm) need to be welded on both sides of the frame. A stand made of boards or OSB boards will rest on these “legs”.
The drainage grate should be made only from natural wood (oak, beech). The thickness of the drainage grid boards must be at least 20 mm.
To sew bags, you can take different fabrics (burlap, jute, linen fabric, cotton calico, synthetics). The main thing is that it is strong enough so that it will not be torn apart by the pressure of the jack.
In conclusion, let’s look at photographs of a working example of such a press. Without resorting to welding, the master decided to make a frame on bolted connections using a powerful angle and profile pipe.
A piece of laminated chipboard countertop was used for the bottom base plate.
But the master chose the wrong material for the drainage grid. Instead of natural wood, he used OSB board, making cuts in it for the outflow of juice. We do not advise you to repeat this mistake, since particle boards contain toxic phenol-formaldehyde adhesive.
Drainage grate for the press - only wood, not chipboard!
In general, the homemade juice press turned out to be simple, reliable and efficient.
But more complex design DIY hydraulic press. Here the master decided to use a screw as a fastener for a fruit bookmark placed in a perforated stainless steel casing. He placed a hydraulic jack under the frame. The supporting platform is made not stationary, but sliding. The jack moves it up the frame profile.
In this press, the screw does not squeeze out the juice, but only fixes the bookmark
Grape presses are integral part winemaking process both on an industrial scale and for home use. good and modern equipment can significantly facilitate the work of a winemaker.
A modern and convenient press is necessary to obtain good wort. It is the adherence to fermentation technology and the use of properly prepared wort that will directly determine the quality of the wine produced.
Using a press helps to quickly and effectively separate the grape pulp from the resulting must and squeeze out all the juice from the pulp. At the same time, crushing of grape seeds and ridges, as well as skins, does not occur during the pressing process. Thus, The press allows you to extract juice from the berries without damaging the seeds or ridges of the grapes.
A standard press consists of the following elements and components:
A pair of rollers is mounted on gears. When the handle moves, the rollers come into action and begin a counter translational movement. A special device can be used to adjust the gap between the gears depending on the size of the processed berries.
The minimum clearance is 3 mm, and maximum distance between gears can be set to 8 mm. The result of the press is the extraction of juice from the berries and redirecting it into a separate container.
Standard Process Pressing grape berries consists of several stages:
Any press is a pressing device, complemented by a fixed plate and a basket in which the pulp is separated from the grape juice. In the interdisk space a peculiar drainage system, which promotes the removal of pure juice. Directly under the press there is a screw designed to remove the presses.
Currently there is a large number of varieties of such units that help obtain juice from grapes.
In addition, according to the purpose of the press, they can be made into universal ones, which can be used for squeezing not only grapes, but also other berries or fruits, as well as special ones, the use of which is adapted specifically for grapes.
The most popular wooden and metal presses are:
Of course, home winemaking involves the use of more budget options press, which have a low, but quite sufficient for household use productivity. For home use, presses are used without metal elements or homemade designs.
When choosing a unit for home or household use, you should choose simple design, which is easy to assemble and clean after work.
Very often, at home, winemakers replace the press with conventional ones. food processors or juicers. However, the use of such devices very often causes poor clarification of wine and the formation of sediment.
You can make a press yourself using available materials. Such a device will facilitate the process of obtaining juice and will not require the purchase of expensive equipment.
Step-by-step instruction for making a press:
The principle of operation of such a mechanism is very simple. A U-shaped frame concreted in the form of a horizontal bar with a working mechanism is the basis under which a structure made of a basin with two perforated cylinders is installed. The hose from the basin should be placed in a container to collect the finished juice. The grapes are loaded into a drum and covered with a wooden shield, onto which it is lowered using a lever. cast iron pancake press. The squeezed juice flows through the hose into a clean container.
The best and highest quality juice is the one that is collected from grapes without using a press, that is, by gravity. As a rule, winemakers combine it with first and second pressing juice, which allows them to obtain the highest quality wine. The juice from the third and subsequent pressings can be used in winemaking to prepare simpler alcoholic drinks. The pressed pulp can be mixed and pressed again, but no more than three times.
Of course, you can squeeze grape juice by hand or through a juicer. But such options have a large number of disadvantages, including loss of juice and reduction in the quality of the wine. Therefore, for winemaking at home, it is recommended to purchase or make at least a simple press yourself. It is very important to thoroughly rinse the device immediately after use, and then the press will serve faithfully for many years.
On personal plot I grow grapes, black rowan and other berries. I decided to use part of the harvest for juice. To do this, I made a reliable and easy-to-use press from scrap materials.
From parquet strips I assembled a barrel consisting of two parts (see photo 1, item 1). The planks of each half were fixed with rivets using four curved metal strips 1 mm thick (2) The halves of the barrel were connected on one side with curtains (see photo 2), and on the other, two hooks were attached for fixing them in closed position(3) A drain pan was made from a galvanized sheet according to the outer diameter of the container (4)
I assembled a rectangular stand (5) from boards and bars. On opposite short sides of the base I drilled three holes d 12 mm for fastening metal corners 100x100x6 mm, which were fixed with bolts and nuts M 12 (6). I welded two metal posts (7) to the corners, the length of which is equal to the height of the barrel. On each rack I welded brackets (8) 10 cm long for a jumper (9) which I made from a 50x50x4 mm corner and two plates, welding everything together. I drilled 10 mm holes in the upper part of the brackets. In the center of the jumper, using bolts, I secured a bushing (10) with a thread for the clamping screw. The jumper is secured at one end to one of the brackets with a bolt and nut M 10; it is secured to the other bracket with a locking handle (11)
I pour the collected berries or grapes into a manual press, place a container for juice under the tray and tighten the screw. The juice is flowing like a river!
Their length should be 60-70cm. The width of the device will depend on the size of the rollers. Optimal width 20 cm. The length of the rollers and the distance between the bars must be the same. For the press, it is recommended to use grooved rollers with a depth of 3 cm. The product should be directed to the axes of the rollers in a helical manner.
For people who grow grapes on their plots, the issue of processing the resulting harvest is always relevant. It is usually used to make juice, vinegar or homemade wine. One of the most effective modern devices for these purposes is considered to be a grape press.
Typically this unit consists of:
Grooved rollers are connected to gears, which, when the handle is turned, are driven in counter motion to each other. The distance between the gears is adjusted to the size of the fruit being processed, but should be within 3 – 8mm. As a result of this movement, the berries are compressed and the squeezed juice is poured into the prepared container.
At the moment, there are many types of juice presses.
Depending on the effort applied, grape presses can be manual (mechanical) or electric (automated).
The operation of manual pressing machines can be based on the operation of different mechanisms:
In turn, automated models of grape presses differ in the drive used to create pressure: hydraulic (water) and pneumatic (compressed air).
Also, presses can be designed to work with only one type of berries or fruits (for grapes, for herbs) or be universal - capable of squeezing juice from any product.
Depending on what the main basket is made of, grape presses are: wooden (from hard beech or oak), cast iron and stainless steel.
Based on size and power, presses for squeezing grapes are divided into household (used at home) and industrial models.
For home use, small, simple manual or automated models with average power are usually chosen.
If you need to get a small amount of juice, then at home, like a grape press, you can use a mechanical auger juicer or crush the berries with a masher and squeeze them in gauze. It should be taken into account that when using a hydraulic press, due to the automation of the process, a larger amount of juice is obtained than when working on a manual press.
The grape press has many advantages:
When buying a press for home grape processing, you should choose models without metal parts, since the juice, after interacting with iron, oxidizes, darkens and becomes unsuitable for consumption or making homemade wine.
For the press you should take 2 pipe stands with a diameter of about 22 mm. Next, weld to the pipes U-shaped profile. The profile height should be chosen so that the screw nut fits freely inside. Weld a clamp to each pipe at the base. Thanks to these clamps, the press can be attached to the window sill. To build the frame you need to take wooden blocks cross section 4*10cm.
Their length should be 60-70cm.
The width of the device will depend on the size of the rollers. The optimal width is 20 cm. The length of the rollers and the distance between the bars should be the same. For the press, it is recommended to use grooved rollers with a depth of 3 cm. The product should be directed to the axes of the rollers in a helical manner.
In this case, for every 10 cm of the roll it is necessary to make a shift of 2 cm. Next, this mechanism is fixed to the frame using bearings. The rollers will rotate at different speeds, so gears must be used with different diameters.
A ladle is required to load the berries. It is desirable that it be pyramidal in shape. Install the bucket on cross slats frames If possible, the distance between the wooden ladle and the roller should be a minimum of no more than 1 cm.
It is necessary to install a vessel at the base of the press where the juice will accumulate. For normal compression of fruits between the rollers, the gaps should be controlled. The gaps between the crushing rollers allow you to leave
Once manufactured, the press can be placed and secured to any support. Before use, the grape crusher must be installed on flat surface and secure well.
The manual crusher must be installed on a container to collect pulp. To do this, you can use barrels or tanks made of plastic or stainless steel. To obtain juice, berries are loaded into the loading ladle. From there they are poured onto windrows. A strong napkin must be placed at the bottom of the basket, from which the pulp is then removed.
When rotated, the berries are crushed and then turned into a mass like puree, from which juice comes out. Before loading the berries into the receiving ladle, they are removed from the bunch and washed well. There is no need to remove the skin from the berries; thanks to it, the juice has a pleasant aroma.
After processing the crop, the device should be thoroughly washed and dried to avoid rotting. A homemade press greatly simplifies the work of processing berries, especially when the harvested crop is about 200 kg.
Video about the principle of operation of the grape press:
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| True, the press and cylinder turned out to be fairly smeared with some kind of technical lubricant - either grease or something else. And, of course, before pressing the juice, it was necessary to wash it thoroughly. |
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Lowering the piston to the very end, when the handle of the press touches the body, you realize that this is not the very bottom. That is, what remains is a “pancake” of grapes 4.5 cm high. And in these 4.5 cm there are even whole berries. Do-it-yourself wine press for grapesAnd there is a lot of juice left. We tried to take this “pancake” apart with our hands and squeeze it out again. But even after the second squeeze, we simply squeezed out another half liter of juice with our hands, wrapping the remains in gauze. |
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Home comfort
Today, several methods are known for making and growing grapes both at home and in industrial conditions. However, what remains unchanged is the technology for squeezing fresh juice from berries. It uses a special grape press, regardless of the location and type of production. Of course, in industry its size and productivity are much larger homemade options, however, purchasing such a device for home purposes is simply impractical, because for 10 or even 50 liters of wine, devices made by yourself are quite sufficient. But absolutely anyone can make a grape press with their own hands, while spending a minimum of money, time and effort on the work. 
As is known, this device is capable of extracting everything from fruits. useful material, vitamins and mineral salts. Therefore, for high-quality crushing of berries, it is necessary to install a roller crusher. You can make it using available tools. All you need to make is this wooden frame, loading bucket and 2 rolls mounted in bearings on the frame. And, of course, don't forget to make a handle for rotation. Basically, the main material here is wood, so no welding machines and others complex devices we will not use it.
In order to make a frame, you need to prepare several wooden blocks approximately 60-70 centimeters long with a cross-section of 10x4 cm. In this case, the width of the finished device will depend on the size of the rollers. Optimal size the average is approximately 15-20 centimeters. In this case, the distance between the transverse bars should be equal to the amount roll lengths. When calculating this distance, add another 10 cm to the resulting value. This way you will get the most optimal and practical design in size. 
As for these tools, they need to be made grooved. The depth of each reef should be about 2-3 centimeters. Finished goods it is necessary to direct it to the axes of the rolls in a helical manner, making a slight shift within 2 centimeters for every 10 cm of the roll. The resulting mechanism should be mounted on the main frame, that is, on a home grape press, and movement should be ensured using bearings. Remember that the rollers will rotate on the axle at different speeds, so gears must be used with different diameters. Make the gear ratio 1:2. If the size of the gears is the same, you will have to do this work with the rolls, reducing their dimensions for a given gear ratio. Only then will your homemade grape press be able to provide different speed rotation for berries. 
Next you need to secure it over the rollers wooden ladle pyramidal shape and handle. The latter must be attached to one of the sides of the mechanism. When making a grape press with your own hands, do not forget to install a vessel in its lower part to receive the pressed raw materials. Make the gap between the rollers manageable to ensure normal compression of the fruit depending on their size. All on at this stage DIY grape press successfully made!
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We bought it in Ukraine, according to an advertisement. It is popularly called a grape press. For ourselves, we defined it as a press for obtaining juice from grapes, or simply a press for grapes. The advertisement for the sale of the press was given by a person who Soviet times He made it himself at the factory, like many in those days.
| The design is simple: a hand press, a stainless steel cylinder with holes and a tray with a groove through which the juice flows. | |
True, the press and cylinder turned out to be fairly smeared with some kind of technical lubricant - either grease or something else. Grape presses: rules for selection and self-productionAnd, of course, before pressing the juice, it was necessary to wash it thoroughly. We asked the seller what the press is smeared with and what is the best way to wash it off, since we want to use it to obtain a food product. The seller replied that he himself probably did not know what kind of lubricant was used. For cleaning, I advised taking technical gasoline “Galosha” for degreasing, detergent for Fairy type dishes and alcohol. We didn’t take risks with gasoline; we were afraid that it would be difficult to wash later, so we washed it right away with Fairy, and then with industrial alcohol. |
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Washed and dried. Carefully secured it to the table. And they started squeezing the juice. And since we did not have instructions for its use, and, unfortunately, the Internet was not “at hand,” we mastered the nuances in practice. |
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| The first problem was that the piston came off the press; it took a long time and with difficulty to strengthen it, because the hole in the piston for attaching it to the press was not centered. And how they put him on the press in the first place is unclear. | |
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The second problem is to secure it so that the press does not move during operation and does not fall. By the way, it weighs more than 10 kg. The cutouts for the bolts on the base are very small. Well, these problems have been solved. We drilled a hole in the center of the piston and secured it to the press. We attached the press to the table, placing washers under the screws. True, they had to make holes in the table, but they didn’t come up with another option. |
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And they began to squeeze the juice from the grapes. The effort, as it turned out, needs to be made unfeminine. At the same time, juice splashes through the holes in the press cylinder when the grapes are crushed, and even grape seeds shoot out, falling into the pan with juice. As we found out later, to prevent this from happening, you need to put the grapes in a canvas bag and then squeeze the juice out of it. |
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| Lowering the piston to the very end, when the handle of the press touches the body, you realize that this is not the very bottom. That is, what remains is a “pancake” of grapes 4.5 cm high. And in these 4.5 cm there are even whole berries. And there is a lot of juice left. We tried to take this “pancake” apart with our hands and squeeze it out again. But even after the second squeeze, we simply squeezed out another half liter of juice with our hands, wrapping the remains in gauze. | |
The press could not stay on the screws and came off after some time. I had to re-screw it and make more holes in the table.
And since we pressed the juice on the street, about three dozen bees flocked. I had to stop and clean everything up. We continued when the bees lost interest in us. Again, not for long.
But in the end they came to the conclusion that if you adapt and take into account all the features, you can press the juice quickly and good quality. And make a grape juice press your good friend.
After the summer struggle for the harvest comes autumn struggle with the harvest. A juice press is a device that can greatly simplify this task. It is used both in summer cottages and for industrial purposes. Has several configuration options. You can even create a simple device with your own hands. IN different regions In Russia it is most often used for collecting apples, grapes, carrots, and other vegetables and fruits.
The device has a mechanical control type. Comprises:
If the juice press is operated manually, it requires a lot of effort to extract the juice. Especially when it comes to vegetables, herbaceous plants or hard fruits(). Therefore, it is better not to consider it as a gift for a woman. Only if you need a small volume for kitchen use.
How the device works:
This principle is called the cold press method.
The press does not heat the products, thereby preserving all the beneficial substances that were provided by nature.
What are the advantages of this type of food processing:
Minuses:
Before choosing, you need to decide on the criteria by which you need to evaluate the device.
Manual presses require direct human participation in the spinning process. Automatic devices take effect after pressing the button. The latter include hydraulic or pneumatic presses. Their purpose is to process a large volume of products; they are most often used on farms where food is collected. big harvest or in production workshops.
For ordinary summer cottage an automatic press for squeezing juice is not suitable, since there is no large volume and the cost of the device is above average (about 500,000 rubles).
They differ in the type of mechanism and the nuances of device assembly. Presses with mechanical control have a small production volume, up to 30 liters per hour. The units are simple, you can make them yourself. Well suited for use at home and in the country. The main structural element is a steel frame. It holds the device in place during use.
This device is the simplest and very convenient. A screw press for squeezing juice has a simple design: it is driven by a screw. Under its influence, the piston lowers. Such units are inexpensive. The only negative is that they sometimes require considerable physical strength.
Hand press models are designed for approximately 2.5 liters of vegetables or fruits.
It is easier to control than a screw. Fix the device on the floor and set it in motion using a jack. Physically, this is much simpler than tightening a screw. It can be used in the country, right on the street. A jacking press costs approximately 15,000 rubles and can produce up to 3 liters of juice per full load.
Works in automatic mode. It is set in motion by the action of compressed air, which is created by a compressor. It is advisable to use it on large farms, farms or on several plots. Capable of processing large quantities of vegetables and fruits. Its price is approximately 80-90000.
The pneumatic press produces up to 14 liters of finished juice in 1 cycle.
Looks like a metal basket with holes. Inside there is a rubber bag into which water is supplied under pressure. The bag fills and presses on the raw materials that are in the basket. The juice flows through the holes into the lower reservoir.
There are mechanical, automatic and electric models. The device is set in motion by fluid pressure on the piston. And it is created using controls.
There are two types of hydraulic juice presses:
Due to the complex design of the hydraulic press, its price is higher than average. In private households it is used less often than screw.
Used in factory production. Fully automatic, performs all functions independently. The machine is powered by electricity and produces directly pressed juice.
Here the screw and jack are tried on together. Initially, the juice is produced using a screw mechanism. Afterwards, the remains are pressed down with a jack. Effective on garden plots small in size, convenient and easy to use.
In most cases, juice presses are universal. You can squeeze any fruits and vegetables in them. Some models involve the creation of oil.
A special press is only suitable for a certain type of raw material. For example, it is used only for citrus fruits or berries. It is not recommended for use on hard products.
Before loading raw materials into a press of any type, it must be crushed. Otherwise, the device is in danger of breaking. A crusher is used for these purposes.
For home, to small company, a press with a volume of 3-5 liters is enough. There are special small devices with which you can prepare 1-2 glasses of juice. For a summer residence, when you need to roll up several cans of juice, use a screw or hydraulic press with a volume of 10-12 liters.
If you have a large garden, wine is produced, or a press is used for apples on a large farm, you need to take a volume of up to 30 liters. Automatic or semi-automatic control. Small industrial production will require the ability to squeeze up to 200 liters of juice per hour. A pneumatic juice press or an electric belt press is ideal here.
The harder the raw material, the more powerful the unit will be required. A screw press can be used to juice apples and grapes, but processing will take a long time. A hydraulic apparatus will produce more juice than a screw one.
To chop fruits and vegetables, special devices are used - choppers. Any press can process whole fruits and vegetables, but the quality will be much worse, so this is not recommended.
