Washing in a country bathhouse is a pleasure available to everyone. Its construction does not require large financial investments. In a minimal plan, such a structure is erected in a few days.
In this article we will look at the topic of how to build the simplest bathhouse in your country house quickly and inexpensively.
Let's start by studying ready-made options, we will discuss the designs of walls, floors, stoves and sewers that are popular among craftsmen.
The main conditions for the comfort of any bath are:
In photo No. 1 we see a simple bathhouse, reminiscent of Diogenes’ barrel. You can only take a steam bath in it. You won't be able to wash yourself here because there is no sewage system in the building. However, if desired, it is not difficult to do. To do this, you need to install a standard shower tray in the corner of the bath and remove drain pipe to the septic tank.
Photo No. 1 Build such a “barrel sauna” at your dacha and steam to your heart’s content
An important advantage of this design is its low weight, allowing it to be placed on a plank terrace.
The construction of the simplest bathhouse from the container category is shown in photo No. 2.
Photo No. 2 Option for a container country bath
It consists of one steam room. For washing, the owner needs to attach a canopy with a summer shower or add a sewerage system to the room, and the stove - a tank for heating water.
Improvising on the theme of a barrel-shaped bath, let's turn our attention to cellular polycarbonate. It can be quickly and easily assembled original design. In order for it to retain heat well, it will take two large sheets this material and a frame made of metal or wooden bars. A mineral wool insulation 10 cm thick is laid between them.
The ends of the building can be made from boards, stuffed onto an insulated wooden frame. Place such a bathhouse anywhere: at your dacha, on a polar ice floe or on the top of Everest and you will always be comfortable in its steam room (photo No. 5).
Photo No. 5 Simple barrel-shaped bathhouse
A small Russian bathhouse, made from scraps of timber, can be installed on oak posts. We see an example of such a structure in photograph No. 6.
Photo No. 6 Oak posts are an excellent support for a small wooden bath
Larger structures require their own foundation. There are three possible options here:
Do not forget that the type of foundation affects the choice of material and wall design. Pile and columnar foundations are used to install a wooden frame, as well as for bathhouses made of timber or logs (photos No. 7 and No. 8).
Photo No. 7 Bathhouse made of SIP panels on screw piles
Photo No. 8 Brick columns - the best option for timber, log and frame structure
The “tape” of rubble concrete is suitable for any walls (made of gas silicate blocks, logs and frames).
A cheap, reliable and simple version of a bathhouse is obtained using technology. For such a structure you will need little: a truck of firewood, a cart of straw and a dump truck of clay (photo No. 10).
The best shape for a wood burning structure is round. It eliminates the need to reinforce masonry corners and looks aesthetically pleasing and original.
Borrowing from birds the technology of building nests from branches and clay, you can build such a simple and warm bath(photo no. 11).
Photo No. 11 Wicker frame coated with clay - “know-how” of an inexpensive bathhouse design
For exterior finishing For a frame bath, we can recommend the following materials:
Photo No. 12 A simple, but at the same time very nice option for exterior finishing of a bathhouse using unedged boards
It is best to use ecowool as insulation. It does not accumulate moisture, does not rot and does not burn. If ecowool is not available in your region, then you can buy ordinary mineral insulation in the form of a semi-rigid slab. It is easily and simply placed in the spaces between the frame posts.
To protect mineral wool from water vapor and reduce heat loss, the walls are lined with sheets of foil polyethylene. After this, a frame of slats is attached to them and trimmed with wood: alder, linden or pine clapboard (photo No. 13).
Photo No. 13 Steam and heat insulation of the walls of a country bathhouse built from any material
We do not recommend installing OSB board indoors. This material releases toxic gases when exposed to high temperatures.
Options for steam and thermal insulation of walls of a frame structure, as well as a bathhouse built from blocks or logs, are presented in Figure No. 1.
Building a simple bathhouse with your own hands includes sewerage. It can be made from standard plastic pipes laid out in cesspool or drainage well.
The water intake funnel is placed in the center or in the corner of the room, and the floor is made in the form of expanded clay concrete screed with a slope towards the drain. Before concreting, you need to compact the soil and cover it with several layers of waterproofing. Wooden floor - great option, but in the bathhouse it quickly rots and requires replacement. Instead, we recommend making gratings from wooden slats and lay them on a concrete screed. After washing, they can be removed, taken outside and dried.
The design of the bath ceiling is standard. First they “shoot” at the rafters vapor barrier film and fill the counter-battens (3x4 cm). A clapboard cladding is attached to them. The gaps between the rafters are filled with insulation and covered with under-roofing film. It protects it from weathering and atmospheric moisture (Fig. No. 2).
Fig No. 2 Ceiling structure of a country bathhouse
A counter-lattice is placed on the film, creating a ventilated gap between the roof and the insulation. The work on the installation of the ceiling and roof is completed by installing the main sheathing and laying roofing material(slate or metal tiles).
The main “detail” of any country bathhouse is the stove. It should provide rapid heating of the air and maintain a high temperature. A metal stove heats up the fastest.
To accumulate heat and create steam, it must be equipped with a compartment for stones. There are many options for stoves for simple baths, so we will not dwell on them in detail. Let's just say that the easiest way to make a heat generator is from steel pipe large diameter, an old gas cylinder or barrel (photo No. 15). Another easy-to-use material is a steel sheet 3-5 mm thick (photo No. 16).
Photo No. 15-16 A simple stove made of a pipe and a stove made of ferrous metal
Knowing the simplest welding techniques, you can assemble such a structure without outside help.
Since ancient times, the bathhouse has been glorified and appeared integral part Russian folklore. It is often called a place to cleanse the body and soul. It’s especially nice to have your own steam room on a summer cottage or in a private house, which is quite easy to build with your own hands without outside help.
A bathhouse is a place with a special comfort and aura, which requires careful compliance with the conditions, rules and stages of construction. On modern market There is a wide variety of materials, thanks to which the construction of a steam room can be carried out very quickly and quite cheaply.
To build it yourself, you need to think through several points.
You can start work only when the owner has decided on all the stages. Otherwise, this process may drag on for a long time without exact completion dates.
Experienced masters in the construction of baths advise carefully thinking through all the details and not rushing during construction. Especially when you do it yourself. It takes a lot of effort to make this place truly a real bathhouse, and not just a room where you can wash yourself.
The location of the bathhouse is one of the most important issues. The convenience and comfort of using it depends on this. It is also important where it is planned. Many people think that this could be any plot in a country house, the basement of a private house, the roof or basement of a high-rise building.
There is a large number of rules, which are primarily aimed at the safety of a person and his home (if it is near the future bathhouse).
A bathhouse is a room with a high temperature inside, then, unfortunately, cases of fire are not uncommon. In this regard, the choice of location for its location should depend on the material from which the foundation and load-bearing walls are made. According to fire safety rules, if a building is made of non-combustible building materials, then it can be located 5–6 m from the living space (house). If this solid wood or part of the steam room has wooden base or finishing, then the distance increases to 8–12 m.
Don’t forget that there are neighboring houses and buildings in the neighboring territory. Their location must also be taken into account, since failure to comply with the standards can lead to unpleasant proceedings, and, as a result, the demolition of the installed bathhouse.
Not every person can boast of a big house and a huge plot of land. But whether you have a modest or large property, you always want to have your own bathhouse or at least a mini-steam room.
If there is sufficient territory for development, you can create a standard bathhouse, which should have a steam room, a dressing room, a relaxation room (sometimes a swimming pool is made there) and a shower or washing room. There you can wash off the remnants of soap and shampoo, or prepare your body for the heat (people take a warming shower with warm water). The owners are truly large territory can equip the bathhouse with a room for a jacuzzi, massage, billiards and others.
But in a small area, you can easily combine several rooms for construction (dressing room and rest room, dressing room and shower). It is worth noting that this does not make the comfort and coziness in the bathhouse disappear.
Depending on the quadrature you can choose perfect solution. For example, if you can build a bathhouse measuring 3 square meters. m, then a small steam room (about 1.8 sq. m) and before bath room(1.2 sq. m). This space may be enough for one or two people to visit without much discomfort.
The construction area is 6.5 sq. m will fit the same number of rooms, but they will be more spacious. It is better to allocate 3.5 square meters for the steam room. m, and the rest of the space is for the dressing room. Some owners place a small shower in the corner.
If there are 9 or 10 sq. m, you can plan the territory in a more interesting way. It is better to allocate 5 square meters for the “hottest place”. m, which can comfortably accommodate 2-3 people. The rest of the room can be easily divided into a place for changing clothes and a small shower stall.
Bathhouse measuring 12–15 square meters. m is much easier to equip, since you don’t need to cut out every meter. Here you can already give more square footage to the steam room in order to go there with small company(3-4 people), or combine it with a washing area (1 sq. m) and make Big hall for relaxing with a table to drink tea. It is also easy to divide the room into 3 separate rooms: steam room, shower room and dressing room.
When you have room to spread out, it's much easier to share space. It all depends on the preferences of the bathhouse owner. If he likes big companies, then of course it is better to focus on the size of the steam room, because you can relax in the house after all the procedures. But when privacy and bathhouse romance are more valued, then it’s worth considering a relaxation room. There a person can sit in a chair with hot tea, think about life, have a heart-to-heart conversation with a friend, or read a book.
It is best to do the selection and purchase of materials for building a bathhouse yourself, as you will be able to check its quality before installation. The market is filled with various options. Thanks to this, you can easily build a beautiful, high-quality and budget-friendly steam room with a waiting room. Most masters claim that the material from which the structure of the bathhouse is made (its foundation) does not in any way affect the bathing procedures. In this regard, more attention should be paid to the choice of the internal component, namely the material that will be inside the steam room.
In the minds of most people, a bathhouse can only be made of wood or stone. But it is not so. Materials are improved in their qualities and are also combined depending on the region of residence.
For the southern regions, it is not recommended to use timber or wood for the frame, as there are many pests there (bark beetle, borer beetle, longhorned beetle and others). High temperature and humidity cause mold and mildew to appear. Therefore, the service life is very short - 2–4 years. For the southern part of Russia, the use of stone or brick is recommended. Most often, wood concrete blocks and polycarbonate are used there (for summer bath), aerated concrete, sandwich panels.
For northern regions, wood is more preferable. Because of natural features it does not need to be treated with pest control chemicals. For this reason, the bathhouse will be more environmentally friendly.
If it was decided to make a frame bathhouse from wood, then for the walls you will need directly wooden beams (the quantity is purchased based on the project) or wooden sleepers (a fairly cheap building material), insulation and cladding material. These could be OSB boards. They are pressed sawdust with resin, wax and boric acid.
For the internal cladding, pre-prepared boards are taken, and for the external cladding, lining or eurolining is used. Sometimes (to save money) people use wooden pallets. Thanks to their shape, they can be used to build fairly strong walls. Of course, they will need to be insulated. This option is the most successful for a summer steam room. To build a frame and walls in a brick or stone bath you will need sand-lime brick, shell rock or quarry. Cinder blocks are being used more and more often. As for the external and internal decoration, the materials can be different.
Sometimes, when possible, skilled craftsmen make a base from a metal container. Construction is progressing very quickly. But there are some nuances here (it is necessary to cut holes for the door, make an additional partition for the steam room itself, and others). All walls are also carefully insulated and sheathed.
The interior decoration of the ceiling in the dressing room can be made of wood species such as alder, linden or pine. If we talk about the ceiling in the steam room, then experts recommend installing lining (it tolerates high temperatures better). It should be from a tree species that does not emit strong-smelling resins (spruce, pine, fir). The best option for this there will be linden, alder, cedar. Under no circumstances should chipboard or fibreboard be used. When heated, they release substances that are harmful to the human body.
Wall insulation also requires special attention. As a rule, a bathhouse is insulated only on the inside, but they can also add an outer layer of this material(into the frame of the building itself). If the building is made of log wood, then the insulation is placed on a lattice frame (lathing). To do this, use mineral wool or other organic insulation materials. In the case of stone or brick bath The same mineral wool is taken, but it is laid in a thicker layer (5–6 cm).
In the steam room itself, after the insulation layer, a vapor barrier must be laid. For these purposes, thick foil or a special self-adhesive three-layer film can be used. It consists of a polyvinyl chloride mesh with two layers of film with small holes for steam removal. For the floor in the steam room, the same wood that was used for covering the walls and ceiling is suitable, and tiles are usually laid in the dressing room. It is convenient to wash and disinfect against fungus and mold.
A bathhouse is not just a steam room, but also a place for rest and relaxation. In order to fully restore strength and spiritually cleanse yourself, there must be such areas as a steam room, a change room (dressing room), and a shower. Of course, when the territory is small, there is not enough space for all sorts of extensions, but you can always find a way out. For example, combining functional areas in one room.
A bathhouse without a dressing room is uncomfortable to use, especially if the house is located 10–15 meters away. It is necessary so that a person can calmly undress and prepare for the procedure. This room also plays a big role in the thermal balance. The change house helps not to “lose” the heat from the steam room, and also blocks the path of cold air flows in the winter. On top of that, all bath accessories are stored here: buckets, ladles, various gels and shampoos, bathrobes, caps to protect hair from overheating, slippers and much more. Without this room, using the bathhouse will be uncomfortable and inconvenient. If the size is sufficient, you can put a small table there to drink herbal tea, dry and cool down before going outside.
If we talk about a shower, then according to doctors’ recommendations it must be there. Before entering a hot room, you need to prepare your body - take a warm shower. It will be easier for the body to tolerate sudden changes in temperature, and the pores will open much faster for active sweating and further cleansing. This area does not have to be large (in the form of a shower stall or an installed “standing bath”). One is enough square meter, which can be covered with a curtain. If it is possible to make a large and full-fledged bathhouse, it can be equipped with a separate room for a sauna or a jacuzzi. It all depends on the preferences of the owner.
The most important thing when building a bathhouse with your own hands is to make it as comfortable as possible for your use.
The process of building a bathhouse itself is not difficult if you have a clear plan of action. To achieve a high-quality and beautiful building, there are a number of steps that need to be followed step by step.
By strictly adhering to the work plan, you will be able to build a good bathhouse. Experienced builders advise setting deadlines for each stage in advance so that construction does not drag on for many months or years.
In the case where a small bathhouse is planned, it is more expedient and cheaper to make a regular strip foundation. The most important thing is to produce good thermal insulation, otherwise the floor will take heat from the room. As a result, condensation may form, and then a number of unpleasant consequences.
Creating a foundation includes several stages.
If you plan to build a large bathhouse, and the site has a complex, lumpy and uneven shape, then it is better to install the foundation on piles. They come in several types: some are curled, while others are “screwed” into the ground. Both options are suitable for a bath.
Before its installation on the site, similar preparatory work, as with a strip foundation. Particular attention should be paid to the issue of ground freezing in winter. Usually this data is verified against SNiP. Based on the information received, a metal pipe with a wall thickness of 3–5 mm is purchased.
Its length should be the sum of the following quantities:
To make it easier to insert the pipe, it is sharpened. Each element is installed in the ground at a distance of 1 m from each other along the perimeter of the building area. It is very important that the piles stand level. To do this, each pipe is leveled using a level (ruler with liquid and scale).
A square “hat” (625 sq. cm) must be welded onto each pile. Holes are made at its ends for installing a reinforced concrete frame. All metal elements must be coated with a solution that prevents corrosion. After this, a layer of sand and gravel is laid and compacted and everything is poured cement mortar using strip foundation technology. After installing the foundation, you can begin installing the walls.
According to their species diversity, walls are:
For installation of frame wooden walls it is necessary to install the base on the grillage (under it there must be waterproofing film). After this, racks are mounted at the corners of the future bathhouse. They are fastened with metal corners, and for greater strength, jibs (beams standing at an angle of 45º) are screwed to them.
A wooden beam is installed every half a meter along the entire perimeter with obligatory oblique struts. Do not forget about door and window openings that do not need to be blocked. Vertical beams are fastened together horizontally along one line. After the frame of the walls is ready, they can be sheathed. But before that, all the wood is covered with impregnation to prevent rot and mold (black mold is especially dangerous).
Next, insulation, hydrobarrier film and facing material are laid. If brick was chosen for the construction of walls, then it is better to take red. It has the most suitable properties - it does not “pull out” heat, as white brick does.
As a rule, the wall is made with two layers of brick. Work begins from the corners, since the level will be set from them. The layer of fastening cement should not exceed 2 cm. For ease of laying, craftsmen advise stretching the fishing line as a level. A reinforced concrete lintel is laid in place of the future window and door. Next, the walls are built up to the required height.
The construction of walls made of foam blocks is carried out in the same way as with bricks. The only difference is that every 4 rows you need to lay metal mesh. It will give greater rigidity and strength to the wall.
The most interesting, from a work point of view, will be the installation of walls made of logs. It is very important that all trunks have the same diameter (a small error of 1–3 cm is allowed). Before installation, each of them is inspected for defects (knots, bark remaining), and also treated with an antiseptic. Next, “holes” of 1 radius are made on each element. For the very first trunks that are placed at the base, one side is made straight so that they do not “roll.” The further timber is laid like a puzzle. The corners are bound with rope, starting from the floor itself, and all joints between the bars are laid with insulation in the form of a tape.
Following the instructions for building a bathhouse, the next step after installing the walls will be installing the roof. This process will not take much effort and time.
There are 3 large groups of roofs:
The remaining species are variations of the type groups. Professionals advise installing pitched roof for small baths. If the building is of impressive size, then the functional side of the roof is already selected here (for example, the 2nd floor for a recreation area, made from an attic).
If the walls are built of brick, the first layer (before laying the beams) will be a layer of roofing material as waterproofing. Next, a wooden frame is mounted around the perimeter of the walls using anchors. It will serve as a support for all further structures that make up the “backbone” of the roof. A wooden sheathing of the chosen shape is made on top. Insulation is “inserted” into it and a vapor barrier sheet must be placed. After this work is completed, you can begin external and interior lining. Inside, it is better to sheathe the ceiling with clapboard or prepared boards.
The floors in the bathhouse must be given due attention, since people have direct and frequent contact with them.
Like walls, floors come in 3 types:
Brick is undesirable as a floor because of its physical properties(low heat transfer). It gets very hot and can cause serious burns to your feet. The most frequently used, handy and durable material is concrete. But you should understand that such a floor is very cold and requires an additional layer of insulation on top.
This option is very easy to install.
The most practical and comfortable floors for a bathhouse are wooden ones. They come in two types.
It is worth immediately noting that only a person who has knowledge and skills in the field of electrical engineering can do the wiring themselves. It will be very difficult for a beginner in this matter, even if he follows the step-by-step instructions.
Installation of electrical wiring must be carried out in a strict and clear sequence.
When connecting electrical wiring to the bathhouse, you should select a cable In accordance with the equipment being installed, its power and electricity consumption must be taken into account. All work must be carried out in rubber shoes, in a dry room and in rubber gloves.
Today it is very profitable to do finishing work yourself. If you order this service from a company, you can end up with a fairly large sum. Finishing work is a set of construction activities aimed at the external and internal improvement of the building. The material is selected in advance. Its choice should be approached very seriously and responsibly, since under the influence of heat and water it can emit odors or change shape.
Experts advise doing the work in parallel, and not in parts (first the facade, then the steam room, and so on). But there must be a certain sequence. First the ceiling is finished, then the walls, and then the floor. At the time of finishing repairs, the windows and door should already be installed (at least in rough form).
Internal (as well as external) finishing is carried out in a number of stages that must be followed.
Similar work is carried out on the outside.
The external decor of the bathhouse is as important as the internal one. It’s always nice when a house and a steam room built nearby are in harmony with each other, creating uniform style plot.
How and from what to make outer skin baths depends on the following factors:
The walls of a classic Russian bathhouse are usually made according to old traditions - solid logs. This is truly one of the most cozy and pleasant designs. Such walls do not require additional finishing, but sometimes rope is laid along the seams, which is soaked in resin.
Today there is big choice material that can be used to beautifully and quickly decorate the facade of a bathhouse. This can be lining, siding (metal, plastic), fiber cement panels and others.
The most common type of cladding is panel siding. It is recommended to choose vinyl or wood. They best suit the theme of the bathhouse. They must be mounted on a specially installed timber sheathing with laid layers of insulation. Sometimes it is secured using a metal profile. Next, it is installed in a circle, joint to joint.
The second most popular material for exterior decoration is lining. It is convenient because it has slats of different widths (they can be selected to suit any structure), which can be made of plastic, MDF or wood. Last option are chosen most often. The most important thing is that all boards are well treated with a special solution that protects the material from dampness and rotting. Lining made of plastic (vinyl) will also last a long time, but it fades quite quickly due to direct sunlight. But its advantage is that it is not afraid of moisture and sudden temperature changes. The lining is installed in the same way as siding panels.
If the bathhouse is built of brick, but you want it to look like a wooden one, then in this case you can make the cladding from a block house. This is finishing lumber, which is similar to eurolining. It is made using a special technology - 4 boards are cut in a circle from a round tree trunk. The result is boards that are perfectly smooth and flat on one side, and convex semicircular on the other. With their help, it is easy to create an imitation of a house built from a log.
Since childhood, every person has had the image of a simple Russian bathhouse in their head. As a rule, the interior of this room is entirely made of natural wood (alder, linden), wooden chairs with forged legs at the same table, homemade new brooms made of birch or oak hang on the walls, and most importantly, there is the smell of tree resin, steamed leaves, and soap.
To preserve the atmosphere of a real traditional Russian bath, it is best to purchase furniture made of wood(table, chairs, benches). It is very beautiful when it has carved elements. Homemade knitted or wicker mats are sometimes placed on the seats. They are made with bright patterns to add coziness and joy to the room.
It is advisable not to lay a carpet on the floor in the dressing room. Fungus and mold will multiply in it due to high humidity. It is best to use regular tiles or wooden boards treated with a special solution. Shelves on the walls will not be superfluous. They are also made from wood. There will be a perfect place for beer mugs, a teapot or beautiful brownie figurines. It all depends on the owner’s imagination.
The steam room should also be cozy. Typically, lighting with a birch bark lampshade is placed in the corners, and forged hooks are placed on the walls to hold ladles and buckets. Buckets can also be in ethnic style. They have carved handles or a metal rim in the middle. A decorative panel made of wood is very often installed along the upper rim of the ceiling. Ethnic ornaments, animals, bathing processes, and so on are carved on it.
The dressing room or relaxation room is also filled with accessories. They are often made independently, or found at flea markets or folk fairs. There you can easily find wooden spoons, bast shoes, carved figurines of brownies, paintings on birch bark and other accessories. With their help it is easy to add comfort and warmth to a given room.
An integral part of the interior of a Russian bathhouse is the smell. Thanks to him, a person relaxes as much as possible and rests completely (soul and body). Each room has its own scent. In the steam room it is the aroma of steamed oak or birch brooms. It’s good to put an aroma lamp in the change house, and change it every time to suit your mood.
In the 21st century there is a huge variety of baths. Their main difference lies in the temperature of exposure to the human body, as well as the quantity and quality of steam in the room itself (steam room).
The heart of any sauna or steam room is a heating boiler or stove. Without it, in principle, the functioning of this premises cannot be carried out. The most important thing is that the heating boiler can heat up to a sufficient temperature and, accordingly, have good thermal power. Additionally, it is necessary that a person can regulate the heating level with noticeable intervals in temperature. All these parameters depend on the material from which the boiler is made, as well as on the proper selection of power and size of the steam room.
Bath boilers are made of metal. As a rule, this is ordinary or specially treated steel. In more expensive models, its thickness can be 1–1.5 cm. During long-term operation of such furnaces, so-called “metal fatigue” may occur. This phenomenon manifests itself in slight deformation of the shape. Because of this, the door for loading fuel may begin to jam, or the welding seams may “crawl.” For this reason, experts recommend using cast iron boilers. They are much stronger and have a longer service life.
The main function of the boiler is to heat the room as quickly as possible to the required temperature. This ability in many ways elevates it above a conventional brick stove. In turn, metal furnaces can be conventional or long burning. It is better to choose the second option, since such a boiler cools much more slowly and retains heat for a long time, and will also save on fuel.
When choosing a stove for a steam room, it is necessary to take into account its design features and human convenience. Each boiler has a door where firewood or coal is placed. In some models it is located inside the steam room. On the one hand, this is convenient, since there is no need to leave the room to increase the temperature. But at the same time, it is always humid in the steam room, and this makes the wood or coal damp. It turns out that the fuel is first dried in the oven, and only then it reaches the desired temperature. Plus, firewood and coal will accumulate shavings and debris, which can injure your steamed, tender feet.
The boiler must have a heater. Medium-sized stones are placed there (this could be pebbles brought from the sea). Since they lie on hot metal, they also warm up. During bath procedure water is poured there, and steam is formed, which is so necessary in the steam room.
The heater can be on top of the boiler or located on the side. The side option is better, since the water only gets on the stones. This type of steam is considered softer and more correct. It is ideal when this design (reminiscent of a forged lattice bucket) does not touch the walls of the boiler. This is explained by the fact that the stone maintains its temperature for a long time, so it can deform the adjacent wall of the heater, thereby shortening the service life of the boiler.
Most models have a special container where the water is heated. It is scooped up with a ladle and poured onto the stones to add heat to the room. It can be located on any side of the boiler, but it is best if it is hung on a pipe (chimney). This way the water will not boil, but will always be warm. Plus, the risk of scalding part of the body is reduced.
Particular attention should be paid to the weight and dimensions of the boiler. If the steam room is large, then it must correspond to the size of the room. If you do not prepare the floor in advance, it may simply collapse under its weight. Typically, the future location for the boiler is filled with concrete during the construction of the foundation. When the stove is small, it can be installed directly on the floor, but it is better to lay a layer of brick, since wood dries and becomes deformed due to high temperatures.
Listed above are the main reasons why some of the heat is lost from the boiler. If you clearly know this data, the calculations will be more accurate and correct. All this information is then plugged into the formula. It itself is very large, and without knowledge of physics and mathematics it will be difficult to calculate the correct answer. It is best to come to a specialist with known data. Usually in any store specializing in boilers and heating system, there is always such a person.
The most important thing when choosing a boiler is not to focus on price, but on the quality and characteristics of the product. Expensive does not mean good. It is worth knowing that if almost any part in the boiler breaks down, you will have to replace it entirely.
Even to an experienced master In the field of construction and renovation, it will not be easy to build a bathhouse absolutely correctly. As in any other business, there are nuances and subtleties of the work, and they can only be learned from a person who is professionally involved in this matter.
The first thing that experts advise is that the construction of a bathhouse is best done in the dry and warm period of the year. This is due to the fact that all solutions, putties and impregnations must dry completely. Otherwise, there is a risk of installing poorly treated wood, which will last only half of its intended life.
Before starting construction, it is necessary to create detailed project future bathhouse. It must indicate the exact dimensions, a diagram of the pipes for drainage and water supply. For electrical wiring, it is better to make a separate drawing. Based on the plan, it will be easier to calculate the amount of material needed, and a novice builder will immediately understand what work he cannot do without additional help from professionals. He will be able to budget for the costs of outside support work.
If you want to build a comfortable and spacious bathhouse, but there is not much space on the site, then it can be built as an extension to the house. This way you can save on the “4th wall” and space.
In order for the bathhouse to last for a long time, experts advise ventilating it as often as possible. Thanks to this, wooden and metal coatings will dry and will not be susceptible to the formation of mold and mildew.
Since ancient times, the bathhouse has been a place where you can relax and unwind. These ancient buildings surpass even outdoor recreation in popularity.
Building a bathhouse with your own hands is a difficult task and its implementation will require a certain amount of knowledge, which you will soon learn about.
To build a bathhouse with your own hands, you will need to familiarize yourself with the action plan:
After familiarizing yourself with the stages of construction, you need to decide on the place where the bathhouse will be located, since a lot also depends on the location.
The best option would be if:
For garden house the distance will be no more than 3 meters, and for buildings such as a bathhouse this distance should not exceed 1 meter.
It is best to order the design and drawings of the bathhouse from local designers; this will cost about 5,000 rubles. You can also search for ready-made sketches and photos of bathhouses on the Internet that best suit your preferences.
As materials for a brick bath, you can use brick, stone or blocks directly.
To build a bathhouse, you need to dig a pit and fill it with 20 cm of sand, then fill it with water to compact it.
The second step is to lay crushed stone on top of 10 cm thick sand, which then needs to be covered with sand again.
The last step will be to install a system for drainage and drainage of the building.
The first layer for the base of the bathhouse will be a 20 cm layer of sand, crushed stone is applied as the second layer, and concrete pouring laid in a third layer. The key stage will be the reinforcement of the building.
Metal rods need to be inserted into the layers for a more durable structure, and for additional stability, metal plates should be laid in the middle, which are tied with wire.
The next stage of work is the blind area, which is needed to ensure that the foundation of the bathhouse is not washed out with water.
It is best to make a blind area from clay, it is much stronger than concrete, and also does not form cold seams in the process. A layer of crushed stone must be poured on top of the blind area.
Next, you need to install a drain in the bath. First you need to dig a hole and bring its trench to the edge of the foundation of the building, cover the walls of the hole wooden planks with reinforced wire, and then fill everything with concrete.
The foundation for such a bath structure is made using simplified technology, which is the advantage of a frame bath. It is necessary to make a foundation of asbestos-cement pillars, which, after installation, are filled with concrete mixture.
The next step will be marking the walls. Then you need to start connecting the boards using nails. The upper and lower trim is assembled from the boards. The walls for such a bath are made in a lattice structure.
The materials needed for the walls are bars, insulation, and materials for the outside, for example OSB boards or a block house, and inside you can use clapboard.
It is worth insulating a bathhouse from the outside only if there is heating in the building.
For a wooden bath it is necessary to make a grate that will be inserted into the insulation. The work will require mineral wool with a layer width of 50 mm.
In the case of a frame bath, when all that remains is to insulate the floors, as well as install the floor boards, in addition to this, it is necessary to install logs, a subfloor, and secure the structure for steam removal, then lay the insulation and check the waterproofing.
It is best to make the floor from concrete, as this will allow the bath to dry faster and it will last much longer. Wooden panels are laid on the concrete floor; they can then be taken out to dry and you can easily go about your business.
The bathhouse has become very popular in our country, but it is believed that it was invented in ancient times in Egypt. The Egyptians respected water procedures and considered it the most important task to maintain the cleanliness of their bodies.
The bathhouse is functional. Many owners of country houses want to build it on their site. Having some construction skills and the necessary materials, you can build a bathhouse yourself.
Bathhouse installation work begins with design. At this stage, all parameters are taken into account: dimensions, placement and choice of materials. Even when constructing a bathhouse at your dacha with your own hands, the project can be ordered to specialists.
The greatest demand is for the following building options:
The choice of project depends on where exactly on the site the bathhouse at the dacha will be located.
The location is planned taking into account safety regulations. This object should not be located next to a residential building or near the neighbors’ bathhouse. An original solution There will be a construction of a country bathhouse on the bank of a pond or river.
After choosing the location of the bathhouse and creating a project, you should begin choosing building materials. Economical options include building with bricks or blocks.
It is worth considering the most good options baths with an area of 4*5.
A simple design for a bathhouse in a country house consists of a minimal set of components. The building consists of one floor. This project does not have a vestibule, the purpose of which is to separate cold air from the street and hot air from the room. If there is no waiting room, then you cannot use the bathhouse during the cold season. Since hot air will promote the formation of condensation on the door.
The project assumes the following premises:
This option is similar to a simple project, but is complemented by a terrace. If desired, it can be glazed or arranged as a comfortable place to relax.
The design includes the following premises:
The project provides for the placement of a dressing room measuring 1.1 * 1.7 m. This room allows you to use a country bathhouse in cold weather. You can also store firewood in it.
From the dressing room you can go into a small corridor and into the rest room. From there a door leads to the washing room and steam room.
When building a steam room, you should take into account fire safety rules and sanitary standards. Shelves should not be placed next to the stove.
The design of the premises must take into account the number of people who will use the steam room.
This room must be supported heat. To achieve maximum effect, it is recommended to provide close heating from the stove. The best option It is considered a steam room for two places. Depending on the location of sitting or lying places, the dimensions of the room are planned. For one person and a seat, the size is 0.84 * 1.15 m. Comfortable room parameters for two with the ability to stretch out on a bench are 1.8 * 2.4 meters.
If a stove is selected, then the dimensions of the room will help to calculate next rule: The further a person sits from the stove, the weaker the heat source. If you are located at a distance of 3 meters from the heating source, then the heat will be 4 times less than when placed at a distance of one and a half meters.
The steam room should not be huge or too small. The optimal height to build a sauna is 2.2-2.4 meters. You cannot make ceilings lower than 2 m.
There are 3 canopies installed in this room. All of them have a height of 35 cm. The top canopy is the widest.
Before building a bathhouse, you need to choose comfortable spot in the territory. The following rules will help you do this correctly:
Even with a high-quality project and a serious approach, errors occur in construction or finishing work. To minimize the shortcomings when building a bathhouse at the dacha with your own hands
It is worth paying special attention to the following points:
It is also worth paying attention to the selection of high-quality and safe equipment. When choosing materials for cladding, it is not recommended to consider resinous wood species.
After drawing up a design for a bathhouse at the dacha, you should decide on building materials. Economical An option is to build from blocks and bricks. Such materials are easy to maintain and have a long service life.
Frame the bathhouse is being built in short time. The wall of such a structure consists of lining, insulating layers, cladding and facing material.
It is believed that the best material for a bath is wood. It's natural and environmentally friendly pure material, which creates a special atmosphere in the room.
Wood as a building material has the following advantages:
The foundation of a country bathhouse can be piled, striped or columnar. At the same time, the construction technology differs.
Columnar
Columnar-type foundations are characterized by simple installation and low financial investments.
Used for timber buildings. A feature of this foundation is the construction of supports only in places of greatest load. These are the corners of the building and the intersection of load-bearing structures and partitions.
The construction of such a foundation has the following features:
Tape
Most often, a do-it-yourself bathhouse in a dacha and other country buildings are built on strip foundations. A similar foundation can be laid even under massive walls.
A strip foundation stretches along the perimeter of the entire building. Its construction does not require any special equipment.
Construction consists of the following stages:
If the foundation needs to be raised slightly above the ground, then formwork.
Pile
Pile supports are used for country bathhouses made of timber and for buildings that are located on moving soils.
Piles can be reinforced concrete, metal or concrete. They are driven or screwed into the ground until a solid layer of soil is reached. A slab or strip foundation is laid on top of the piles.
Slab
Used on difficult soils slab foundation, which represents solid slab under the entire surface of the building.
This is a reliable type of foundation, the construction of which is labor-intensive.
To build a bathhouse you need to choose quality solution, which depends on the type of masonry and material. The walls are erected using cinder block, brick or aerated concrete.
When doing the laying, do not rush to avoid deformation. During construction work, a plumb line and level are used.
It is worth deciding in advance on the placement of windows and doors.
Finishing of bath rooms is carried out using linings. External work can be done from any material.
At the end of the construction work, the roof is erected. This element performs a protective function against weather conditions.
When building a bathhouse, the simplest roof options are used, without unnecessary frills.
Creating a durable roof requires certain experience and knowledge of construction technology.
The roof design for a bathhouse assumes the presence of the following elements:
Flat the roof is erected without overlap. Bathhouse roofs can be gable or single-pitch.
In order to reduce the budget, the bath structure is adjacent to residential building. In this case, a pitched roof is used. She represents flat roof, which is characterized by ease of construction and low cost.
For a bathhouse, a roof with two slopes. If the roof is high, then you can arrange a room in the space under the slopes.
The slope of the roof and its height are influenced by parameters such as climatic features and practical use space.
Installation of door and window openings is not difficult. The quality of energy saving depends on the correct installation of windows and doors.
When building a bathhouse, you need not only to select high-quality material, but also to carry out installation taking into account all the rules and technologies.
Windows and doors can be either wooden or metal-plastic. In some cases, glass doors are installed.
When constructing floors for a bathhouse in a country house, it is required high-quality insulation. In order for the floor not to become damp and to have good energy-saving properties, it is necessary to insulate the base from the inside.
Floor installation has the following features:
To build a bathhouse, you need to think through the finishing work inside and outside the building in advance.
Insulation counts important stage any finishing work. External finishing work consists of foam insulation and decorative cladding.
The interior decoration is accompanied by insulation using mineral wool.
Indoor insulation is carried out as follows:
To properly decorate a bathhouse, it is necessary to equip the bathhouse with all the necessary accessories, furniture and decor.
Indoor installation includes electricity, water supply, sewerage and installation of a stove.
When carrying out electrical wiring, you must comply with the installation requirements in wet areas.
Before you start construction work, you need to draw up a competent project and choose the desired building style.
Interesting options can be seen in numerous photographs. Special video lessons also demonstrate the process of building a bathhouse.
We decided to build a small bathhouse on our summer cottage. The drawn up project assumed the following dimensions: 5 * 5.3. The ceiling height was 2.25 m.
From the variety of materials presented, we decided to focus on gas silicate blocks. A gable roof was planned in advance, under which a living space was supposed to be located.
The steam room was insulated and equipped with a vapor barrier. Lining was used as finishing. Tiles were used in the shower.
Our choice settled on gas silicate blocks due to the unique properties of this material. It is characterized by high thermal insulation characteristics, fire safety and resistance to rotting.
Made for blocks strip foundation, which was supplemented with layers of roofing felt for waterproofing.
For our bathhouse, blocks with dimensions of 20*30*60 were chosen. For masonry, a solution of cement and sand was used in a ratio of 1 to 3.
The walls were erected in several stages:
The inside of the steam room was lined with clapboard. To prevent condensation from appearing on the gas blocks, additional insulation was performed:
In the washing room, gas silicate blocks were lined ceramic tiles. For installation we used moisture-resistant glue.
To finish the attic, we used lining, which was attached to a special sheathing. After installation, the entire lining was covered with antiseptic solutions.
A sauna made from gas silicate blocks is an excellent option. It is convenient to work with such material, and it is cheaper than other analogues.
Your own bathhouse is relaxation for body and soul. “A healthy mind in a healthy body,” our ancestors liked to say. It is not surprising that they remembered this simple but wise proverb very often during or after going to the bathhouse. After all, a real Russian bathhouse is that rare occasion in a person’s life when he really relaxes with his soul and body at the same time.
Build wooden sauna with your own hands on your own site? Believe me, it's not that difficult.
If you decide to build a traditional wooden Russian bathhouse on your site, first of all choose the material for building the log house - logs or beams.
Building a bathhouse with your own hands using timber is more popular in our country because:
Building a bathhouse from logs is objectively more difficult, but very interesting. If you prepare material for future construction yourself, remember that it is very important to properly cut down and dry the logs. An easier and faster option is to build a log house from rounded logs. Such logs undergo pre-processing on machines, where they are given the correct desired shape.
So, you can choose timber or logs, but the rules for selecting (procuring) material are the same for both options.
Whether you choose a ready-made project or draw up an individual sketch, in any case, you should immediately decide which elements will be included in the future construction. This could be a veranda, a wide porch, a grill (barbecue), a terrace, an attic and much more. It all depends on your preferences.
